CN112314304B - Carya illinoensis seedling raising method - Google Patents
Carya illinoensis seedling raising method Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
- A01G24/35—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds containing water-absorbing polymers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
- A01G27/001—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots with intermittent watering means
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G27/00—Self-acting watering devices, e.g. for flower-pots
- A01G27/003—Controls for self-acting watering devices
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for raising seedlings of carya illinoensis, which comprises three stages of centralized pregermination, small-container incubation and large-container light-matrix water-fertilizer integrated cultivation of strong seedlings, wherein the large-container nutrient soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50-60% of fine loam, 15-20% of decomposed organic fertilizer and 25-30% of agricultural and forestry waste, uniformly mixing and composting for 3-6 months; when the nutrient soil is filled into a large container, 5-10g of water-retaining agent is added into each bag of nutrient soil and mixed evenly. The lateral roots of the hickory seedlings cultivated by the method grow more coarsely, the seedlings grow quickly and have high quality and high emergence rate, and the method is favorable for improving the survival rate and the preservation rate of afforestation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and relates to a seedling raising method for apocarya.
Background
Apocarya (Carya illinoensis), also known as american hickory, is a deciduous tree of the genus hickory (Carya) of the family juglandaceae, one of the world's famous dry fruit oil tree species, and also a good tree species for lumber and yard greening. The pecan nuts have beautiful color, delicious taste, no astringent taste and rich nutrition, contain various amino acids beneficial to the human body, have higher content than olive, and are rich in vitamin B1 and vitamin B2, so the pecan nuts are popular with people. The introduction of the apocarya in the end of the 19 th century in China is started, and the introduction and cultivation are carried out in 13 provinces (directly prefectured cities) such as Zhejiang, yunnan, anhui, jiangsu and the like in China at present. In addition, the thin-shell hickory has straight trunks, tall and big tree bodies and beautiful tree postures, is also a better tree species for plain coastal greening, farmland forest nets and 'four-side' planting, and the wood of the thin-shell hickory is widely used for military industry, high-grade furniture and the like.
Although the carya illinoensis is introduced into China for hundreds of years, the development of the carya illinoensis industry in China is limited due to a plurality of factors such as long breeding period, slow progress of fine variety evaluation and breeding, relatively backward seedling propagation technology, insufficient high-yield cultivation measures and the like. Particularly, the seedling propagation technology is relatively weak although a small amount of fine varieties suitable for the development of China are bred at present. At present, the cultivation area of the carya illinoensis in China exceeds 70 ten thousand mu, and particularly large-area development is carried out in the provinces such as Zhejiang, yunnan, jiangsu, anhui and the like, and due to insufficient supply of improved seedlings and uneven seedling culture, new afforestation of the carya illinoensis is low-efficiency forest, and cases of afforestation failure occur occasionally.
At present, the improved seedling in the carya illinoensis industry of China is cultivated by bare-rooted seedlings mostly, namely seeds of carya illinoensis are adopted and sowed in bare fields, and after the standard of grafting is achieved, improved scion strips of carya illinoensis are adopted for grafting so as to cultivate the improved seedling of carya illinoensis. The nursery stock cultivated by adopting the bare-rooted seedling cultivation method has fewer lateral fibrous roots, thereby not only affecting the quality of the nursery stock, but also affecting the survival rate and the preservation rate of the field planting of the nursery stock, and having a seedling revival stage; in addition, as the scion of the carya illinoensis is thick, the growth amount of the rootstock in the first year after sowing is small, grafting cannot be carried out in the current year, grafting can be carried out only in production after 2 years or more of cultivation, the cultivation period is long, the propagation period of fine variety seedlings of the carya illinoensis is directly influenced, and the development of the carya illinoensis industry is limited.
The container seedling culture is applied to the cultivation of the apocarya seedlings in a small amount at present, namely, the apocarya seeds are adopted and directly sown in a container or sown in the container after accelerating germination, and after the apocarya seedlings are cultivated for 2 years and reach the grafting standard, improved apocarya scion strips are adopted for grafting, so that improved apocarya seedlings are cultivated. The root system of the apocarya seedlings cultivated by the container seedling cultivation method is better improved than that of bare-rooted seedlings, but the cultivation of the stocks still needs 2 years or more, the cultivation period of the improved apocarya seedlings is greatly influenced, the nursery land occupies time, and the seedling cultivation cost is high.
The publication No. CN110122297A discloses a two-section container seedling raising method for apocarya, which can greatly shorten the culture period of improved apocarya seedlings, improve the quality of seedling root systems and improve the survival rate and the preservation rate of improved apocarya seedlings. The seedling raising method comprises a small container seedling raising stage and a large container seedling raising stage, wherein the small container seedling raising stage is that the carya illinoensis seeds are dibbled in a small container for seedling raising, the large container seedling raising stage is that leaves of carya illinoensis seedlings in the small container are spread, and when the height of the carya illinoensis seedlings grows to 15-20 cm, the whole small container is placed in the large container for seedling raising continuously. In the large-container seedling raising stage, in a non-rainy day, drip irrigation is carried out respectively for 1 time in the morning and evening, and 10 g-20 g of an equal-proportion compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15). In the prior art, 2 drop arrows are generally inserted into a large container for drip irrigation, but the flow guide grooves of the drop arrows are often blocked, the drop arrows need to be replaced in time through manual inspection, and the replacement cost is high due to large manual workload. And the large container is generally directly placed in an open nursery, and in hot summer, due to the factors of high environmental temperature, poor soil water storage property of the matrix soil of the large container, insufficient uniformity and sufficiency of drip irrigation of the dripping arrow and the like, the matrix soil in the large container is easy to dehydrate by virtue of the two times of drip irrigation in the morning and evening, so that the growth of the carya illinoensis seedlings is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a seedling raising method of carya illinoensis, which has the advantages of thick and more lateral roots, high seedling growth speed and quality, high emergence rate and contribution to improving the survival rate and the preservation rate of afforestation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for raising seedlings of apocarya comprises the following steps:
1) Centralized accelerating germination: in the middle and last ten days of 2 months, soaking seeds of apocarya in the middle and last ten days of the month for germination in a sand bed in a greenhouse;
2) Hatching in a small container: building a seedbed in the greenhouse, and paving fine sand or screening fine soil at the bottom of the bed; arranging the small containers on a seedbed, and watering the small containers thoroughly in times; cutting off root tips of the seeds of the carya illinoensis which just expose white and germinate, transversely placing the seeds into a small container, and covering fine soil on the seeds; when the seedlings have 5 to 6 leaves, the seedlings are outplanted;
3) And (3) large-container light-matrix water-fertilizer integrated cultivation of strong seedlings: filling the large container with nutrient soil, taking out the small container, removing the main root tip, planting in the large container, watering thoroughly, and placing a drip irrigation disc on the top of the large container; supplementing water at regular time every day, and performing drip irrigation for 1 time in the morning and at the evening in non-rainy days according to the soil moisture content of the nutrient soil in the large container; topdressing and promoting seedlings according to the growth vigor of the seedlings; budding is carried out when the stem of the seedling is more than 0.8 cm from the middle and late ten days of 8 months to the middle and early ten days of 9 months; when the buds sprout in 4 months next year, the upper end stem of the grafted live seedling is cut off to promote the grafted bud to sprout, and the original solid bud and the redundant grafted bud are continuously removed to keep the grafted main bud healthy and strong and grow upwards; leaves fall in 12 months and then can be transplanted out of the nursery in 4 months in the next year;
wherein, the large container nutrient soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50-60% of fine loam, 15-20% of decomposed organic fertilizer and 25-30% of agricultural and forestry waste, uniformly mixing and composting for 3-6 months; when the nutrient soil is filled into a large container, 5-10g of water-retaining agent is added into each bag of nutrient soil and mixed evenly.
Preferably, in the step 2), the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 35 degrees +/-2 degrees, water is supplemented at proper time, ventilation is carried out after seedling emergence, and high-temperature seedling burning is prevented.
Preferably, the small container is a non-woven bag or a plastic mesh container with the diameter of 6 centimeters and the height of 10 centimeters; the large container is a non-woven bag with the diameter of 25 cm and the height of 30 cm.
Preferably, the forestry and agricultural residues are mixture of straw, pine and mushroom dregs or one of the straw, the pine and mushroom dregs.
Preferably, in the step 3), during top dressing, the water-soluble fertilizer with a certain concentration is mixed into water for fertilizing, or a certain amount of fertilizer is singly applied.
Preferably, in the step 3), the seedlings grow to about 80 centimeters, and according to the growth vigor, a part of seedlings are inserted into the rods in time, bound and supported, so that the seedlings are kept to grow straight.
Preferably, the drip irrigation disc comprises a first disc body (11) and a second disc body (17), a plurality of water outlet holes are formed in the bottoms of the first disc body (11) and the second disc body (17), the first disc body (11) is in an open ring shape, the second disc body (17) is detachably fixed at the opening of the first disc body (11), a disc cover (13) is installed above the second disc body (17), a control valve (14) is installed on the disc cover (13), the control valve (14) comprises an upper valve body (141), a lower valve body (142) and a valve core (143), a water inlet (1411) and at least one water outlet (1412) are arranged on the upper valve body (141), a water outlet (1412) on the upper valve body (141) is connected to the first disc body (11) through a water pipe, the first disc body (11) is communicated with the lower water level of the second disc body (17), a conical inner cavity for accommodating the valve core (143) is arranged on the upper valve body (141), the water inlet (1411) is communicated with the water outlet (11) through the conical inner cavity of the upper valve body (141), the lower valve body (142) is installed on the upper valve body (141) and is movably connected with the lower valve body (142), and the upper valve body (141) and the lower valve core (142) and the lower valve body (141) is formed by the upper and the lower through hole (142), the valve core (143) extends downwards to form a lower extension rod (1431), a mounting cylinder (131) used for mounting the control valve (14) is arranged on the disk cover (13), the upper valve body (141) or the lower valve body (142) is fixedly connected with the upper portion of the mounting cylinder (131) through threads, a floating body (18) is arranged on the lower portion of the mounting cylinder (131), the upper portion and the lower portion of the mounting cylinder (131) are separated through a partition plate portion (132), a second through hole is formed in the partition plate portion (132), the lower end of the lower extension rod (1431) of the valve core (143) penetrates through the first through hole in the lower valve body (142) and the second through hole in the partition plate portion (132) and then is fixedly connected with the floating body (18), an adjusting block (19) and a spring (20) are sleeved on the lower extension rod (1431) of the valve core (143), the adjusting block (19) is in threaded connection with the lower extension rod (1431), the upper end of the spring (20) is abutted against the adjusting block (19), and the lower end of the spring (20) is abutted against the partition plate portion (132) of the mounting cylinder (131), thereby urging the upper half part of the valve core (143) to be matched and pressed against the conical surface of the conical inner cavity of the upper valve body (141), the adjusting block (19) is circumferentially and fixedly connected with the mounting cylinder (131) so as to be capable of moving up and down but not rotating relatively, and the floating body (18) is circumferentially and fixedly connected with the mounting cylinder (131) so as to be capable of moving up and down but not rotating relatively.
Preferably, the side walls of the first disc body (11) and the second disc body (13) are connected through a connecting screw cylinder (16), two ends of the connecting screw cylinder (16) extend out of the side walls of the first disc body (11) and the second disc body (13) and are respectively in threaded connection with nuts (15), and the connecting screw cylinder (16) is arranged close to the bottoms of the first disc body (11) and the second disc body (13), so that the first disc body (11) is communicated with the second disc body (13) at a low water level through a connecting hole in the screw cylinder (16).
Preferably, the lower end of the lower extension rod (1431) of the valve core (143) is square, a square clamping hole is arranged on the floating body (18), and the lower extension rod (1431) of the valve core (143) and the floating body (18) are in clamping fixed connection through the square clamping hole and cannot rotate relatively.
Preferably, the upper opening of the first tray body (11) is covered with a steel wire mesh.
By adopting the technical scheme, on the basis of the prior art, the growth of lateral roots is promoted by removing the main root tips of the small-container seedlings, a proper amount of water-retaining agent is added into the large-container nutrient soil to prevent the nutrient soil from dehydrating, and the nutrient soil is fluffy and good in air permeability (the water-retaining agent is a super absorbent resin with extremely strong water absorption capacity, is non-toxic and harmless, and repeatedly releases and absorbs water, so that the nutrient soil is compared with a 'micro reservoir' by people in agriculture, and meanwhile, the nutrient soil can absorb fertilizers and pesticides and slowly release the fertilizers to increase the fertilizer efficiency and the pesticide effect), a drip irrigation disc is adopted to drip irrigation, so that the water permeability efficiency is high, the drip irrigation is uniform, water outlet holes are not easily blocked, the nursery stock growth speed is high, the lateral roots grow more coarsely and the emergence rate is high, the seedling diameter can exceed 1 centimeter in the current year, the survival rate of mountain afforestation in the next year reaches 97%, and the preservation rate is 95%.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a large container according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view (plan view) of the drip irrigation pan;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the control valve structure of the drip irrigation pan;
fig. 4 is one of the schematic views of the operation of the drip irrigation pan (on state);
fig. 5 is one of the schematic views of the operation of the drip irrigation pan (off state);
wherein, 1, a non-woven fabric bag; 2. a drip irrigation pan; 3. nursery stock; 4. drilling nursery stock holes; 11. a first tray body; 110. a water outlet of the first disc body; 12. a water pipe; 13. a plate cover; 131. mounting the cylinder; 132. a partition plate portion; 14. a control valve; 141. an upper valve body; 1411. a water inlet; 1412. a water outlet; 142. a lower valve body; 143. a valve core; 1431. a lower extension bar; 15. a nut; 16. connecting the screw cylinder; 161. connecting holes; 17. a second tray body; 171. a water outlet hole of the second tray body; 18. a float; 19. an adjusting block; 20. a spring.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the singular is also intended to include the plural unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, and it should be further understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of the features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element so referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality" means two or more unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the recitation of a first feature "on" or "under" a second feature may include the recitation of the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the recitation that the first and second features are not in direct contact, but are in contact via another feature between them. Also, the first feature "on," "above" and "over" the second feature may include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
Example 1:
a apocarya seedling raising method comprises the following steps:
1) Centralized accelerating germination: in the middle and last ten days of 2 months, soaking seeds of apocarya in the greenhouse for 4 to 6 days, and accelerating germination on a sand bed in the greenhouse;
2) Hatching in a small container: building a seedbed in the greenhouse, and paving fine sand or screening fine soil at the bottom of the bed; arranging the small containers on a seedbed, and watering the small containers thoroughly in times; cutting off root tips of the seeds of the carya illinoensis which just expose out of white and germinate, transversely placing the seeds into a small container, and covering fine soil on the seeds; when the seedlings have 5 to 6 leaves, the seedlings are outplanted;
3) And (3) large-container light-matrix water-fertilizer integrated cultivation of strong seedlings: filling the large container with nutrient soil, taking out the small container, removing the main root tip, planting in the large container, watering thoroughly, and placing a drip irrigation disc on the top of the large container; supplementing water at regular time every day, and performing drip irrigation for 1 time in the morning and at the evening in non-rainy days according to the soil moisture content of the nutrient soil in the large container; topdressing and promoting seedlings according to the growth vigor of the seedlings; budding is carried out when the stem of the seedling is more than 0.8 cm from the middle and late ten days of 8 months to the middle and early ten days of 9 months; when the buds sprout in 4 months next year, the upper end stem of the grafted live seedling is cut off to promote the grafted bud to sprout, and the original solid bud and the redundant grafted bud are continuously removed to keep the grafted main bud healthy and strong and grow upwards; leaves fall in 12 months and then can be transplanted out of the nursery in 4 months in the next year;
wherein, the large container nutrient soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50-60% of fine loam, 15-20% of decomposed organic fertilizer and 25-30% of agricultural and forestry waste, uniformly mixing and composting for 3-6 months; when the nutrient soil is filled into a large container, 5-10g of water-retaining agent is added into each bag of nutrient soil and mixed evenly.
The seedling raising method of carya illinoensis adopts centralized germination acceleration, small container incubation, large container light matrix water and fertilizer integrated management, current year sowing, current year grafting and next year outplanting, and the seedlings become 1+1 from the original 2+1, and the time is one year ahead. The main root tips of the small container seedlings are removed to promote the growth of lateral roots, a proper amount of water-retaining agent is added into the large container nutrient soil to prevent the nutrient soil from being dehydrated, the nutrient soil is fluffy and has good air permeability (the water-retaining agent is super absorbent resin with extremely strong water absorption capacity, is non-toxic and harmless, and repeatedly releases and absorbs water, so that people in agriculture compare the nutrient soil with a micro reservoir, and meanwhile, the water-retaining agent can absorb fertilizers and pesticides and slowly release the fertilizers and the pesticide effect to increase the fertilizer efficiency and the pesticide effect), a drip irrigation disc is adopted to drip irrigation, the water permeability is high, the drip irrigation is uniform, water outlet holes are not easy to block, the nursery stock growth is convenient to manage, the quality is high, the lateral roots grow thick and much, the emergence rate is high, the seedling diameter can exceed 1 centimeter in the year, the survival rate of mountain afforestation in the next year reaches 97%, and the preservation rate is 95%. In addition, the drip irrigation disc is adopted to cover the nutrient soil, so that the service life of the water-retaining agent can be prolonged, and the rapid dehydration caused by overhigh temperature of the soil in summer can be avoided.
In the embodiment, in the step 2), the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 35 +/-2 degrees, water is supplemented timely, ventilation is carried out after seedling emergence, and high-temperature seedling burning is prevented. The small container is a non-woven bag or a plastic mesh container with the diameter of 6 centimeters and the height of 10 centimeters; the large container is a non-woven bag with the diameter of 25 cm and the height of 30 cm. The agricultural and forestry waste is a mixture of straw, pine tree and mushroom dregs or one of the straw, the pine tree and the mushroom dregs. In the step 3), during topdressing, the water-soluble fertilizer with a certain concentration can be mixed into water for fertilizing, and a certain amount of fertilizer can also be applied singly. In the step 3), the seedlings grow to about 80 centimeters, and according to the growth vigor, inserting rods, binding seedlings and supporting seedlings for a part of seedlings in time so as to keep the seedlings to grow straight.
In this embodiment, a large container as shown in fig. 1 is adopted, which includes a non-woven fabric bag 1, a seedling 3 is planted in the non-woven fabric bag 1, a drip irrigation disc 2 is installed on nutrient soil of the non-woven fabric bag 1, and the drip irrigation disc 2 surrounds the periphery of a seedling stem base of the seedling 3 and is adapted to the size of a bag opening of the non-woven fabric bag 1.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the drip irrigation pan includes a first tray 11 and a second tray 17, a plurality of water outlet holes are provided at the bottom of the first tray 11 and the second tray 17, the first tray 11 is in an open ring shape, the second tray 17 is detachably fixed at the opening of the first tray 11, a tray cover 13 is installed above the second tray 17, a control valve 14 is installed on the tray cover 13, the control valve 14 includes an upper valve body 141, a lower valve body 142 and a valve core 143, the upper valve body 141 is provided with a water inlet 1411 and two water outlets 1412, the water outlet on the upper valve body 141 is connected to the first tray 11 through a water pipe 12, the first tray 11 and the second tray 17 are in low water level communication, the upper valve body 141 is provided with a conical cavity for accommodating the valve core 143, the water inlet 1411 is communicated with the water outlet 1412 through the conical cavity of the upper valve body 141, the lower valve body 142 is installed below the upper valve body 141 and fixedly connected with the upper valve body 141, the valve core 143 is installed in a space formed by the conical cavity of the upper valve body 141 and the lower valve core 143 and capable of moving up and down, the lower valve core 142, the lower valve body 142 is provided with a lower adjusting rod 1431, the lower adjusting rod 132 for adjusting rod 132, the lower adjusting rod of the upper valve body 143 is connected with the upper adjusting barrel 132, the lower adjusting rod of the lower adjusting rod 132, the lower adjusting rod 132 and the lower adjusting rod 132, the lower adjusting rod 132 is installed on the lower adjusting barrel 132, the lower adjusting rod 132 connected with the lower adjusting rod of the lower adjusting barrel 132 and the lower adjusting rod 14318, the lower adjusting rod 132 connected with the lower adjusting rod 1431, the lower adjusting rod 132 through the lower rod 132 fixed on the lower adjusting rod 1431, the lower rod 132 connected with the lower adjusting rod of the lower adjusting rod 132, the upper end of the spring 20 is abutted against the adjusting block 19, the lower end of the spring 20 is abutted against the partition plate part 132 of the mounting cylinder 131, so that the upper half part of the valve core 143 is urged to be matched and abutted against the conical surface of the conical inner cavity of the upper valve body 141, wherein the adjusting block 19 is circumferentially fixedly connected with the mounting cylinder 131 so as to be capable of moving up and down but not rotating relatively, and the floating body 18 is circumferentially fixedly connected with the mounting cylinder 131 so as to be capable of moving up and down but not rotating relatively.
As shown in fig. 3, when water is not supplied to the water inlet 1411, the valve core 143 abuts against the upper valve body 141 upwards under the action of the spring 20, and the control valve 14 is closed; as shown in FIG. 4, when the water pressure of the water inlet 1411 exceeds the acting force of the spring 20, the water inlet 1411 moves downwards, the control valve 14 is opened, the water inlet 1411 is communicated with the water outlet 1412, water enters the first tray body 11 and the second tray body 13 and leaks into the nutrient soil of the large container through the water outlet holes 110 and 171 at the bottom of the first tray body 11 and the second tray body 13, when the leakage speed is slower than the water inlet speed, water is stored in the first tray body 11 and the second tray body 13, as the water level of the stored water rises, the buoyancy of the floating body 18 is increased, the valve core 143 moves upwards under the buoyancy and the acting force of the spring 20 to limit the flow of the inlet water, and until the valve core 143 closes the water inlet 1411 as shown in FIG. 5. Not only can guarantee that the water pressure of raceway realizes that the long distance send water and drip irrigation on a large scale like this, irrigate even efficient moreover, avoid the water waste. The adjusting block 19 is in threaded connection with the lower extension rod 1431, and the adjusting block 19 is circumferentially and fixedly connected with the mounting cylinder 131 so as to move up and down but not rotate relatively, so that the spring force of the spring 20 can be adjusted by rotating the lower extension rod 1431 to achieve the purpose of adjusting the water pressure of the inlet water. Lower extension pole 1431 and body 18 fixed connection, thereby body 18 can reciprocate but can not rotate relatively with installation cylinder 131 circumference fixed connection, like this, adjusts at spring 20 and can remain stable, avoids lower extension pole 1431 to rotate to simple structure is ingenious, low cost. In a preferred embodiment, the lower end of the lower extension rod 1431 of the valve core 143 is square, a square fastening hole is formed on the float 18, and the lower extension rod 1431 of the valve core 143 and the float 18 are in a snap-fit connection through the square fastening hole and cannot rotate relatively.
In this embodiment, the side walls of the first disk body 11 and the second disk body 13 are connected through a connecting screw cylinder 16, two ends of the connecting screw cylinder 16 extend out of the side walls of the first disk body 11 and the second disk body 13 and are respectively in threaded connection with nuts 15, and the connecting screw cylinder 16 is arranged near the bottoms of the first disk body 11 and the second disk body 13, so that the connecting holes in the screw cylinder 16 communicate the first disk body 11 and the second disk body 13 at a low water level. The mounting cylinder 131 is integrally formed with or fixedly connected to the cover 13.
In a preferred embodiment, the upper opening of the first tray body 11 is covered with a steel wire mesh to prevent leaves and the like from falling into the drip irrigation. The aperture, the number and the distribution of the water outlet holes of the first tray body 11 and the second tray body 13 can be designed according to the irrigation requirements such as actual size and soil quality.
In this embodiment, the water inlet 1411 of the upper valve body 141 is disposed above the conical inner cavity, and the valve core 143 extends upward to form an upper extension rod, which is inserted into the water inlet 1411. Therefore, the upper extension rod can limit the moving range of the valve core and is beneficial to water inlet flow splitting to limit the water inlet flow and flow speed. The water outlets 1412 on the upper valve body 141 are respectively arranged around the conical inner cavity, the valve core 143 is in a spinning cone shape with upper and lower ends, the upper and lower extension rods are respectively positioned at the upper and lower ends of the spinning cone body, thus, the upper half part of the valve core 143 is matched with the conical inner cavity of the upper valve body 141 through a conical surface, a better flow dividing and pressure reducing effect can be achieved, the lower half part of the valve core 143 is matched with the conical inner cavity of the lower valve body 142, certain gaps are formed between the lower extension rod 1431 and the first and second through holes, when the water inlet pressure and the elastic force of the spring 20 are in a balanced state, the valve core 143 does not completely close the conical inner cavity of the lower valve body 142, and a water outlet channel can be formed along the lower extension rod 1431, so that the water inlet flow can be controlled. The up-down moving space of the valve core 143 can be limited to 1/4 to 1/2 of the aperture of the water inlet to provide the control precision of the water inlet pressure of the control valve, and the water outlet channel between the valve core 143 and the inner cavity of the lower valve body 142 is closed in time, so that the water pressure of the water conveying pipeline is kept, and the long-distance water conveying and the uniform irrigation of a large number of drip irrigation discs which are connected at the same time are realized.
In the description herein, reference to the description of the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "one implementation," "a specific implementation," "other implementations," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment, implementation, or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described above may also be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more of the embodiments, examples, or examples. The invention also includes any one or more of the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described above, taken alone or in combination.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the embodiments are illustrative and not restrictive, and that those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions, variations, deletions, additions or rearrangements of features and elements within the scope of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A apocarya seedling raising method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Centralized accelerating germination: in the middle and last ten days of 2 months, soaking seeds of apocarya in the greenhouse for 4 to 6 days, and accelerating germination on a sand bed in the greenhouse;
2) Hatching in a small container: building a seedbed in the greenhouse, and paving fine sand or sieving fine soil at the bottom of the bed; arranging the small containers on a seedbed, and watering thoroughly for multiple times; cutting off root tips of the seeds of the carya illinoensis which just expose out of white and germinate, transversely placing the seeds into a small container, and covering fine soil on the seeds; when the seedlings have 5 to 6 leaves, the seedlings are outplanted;
3) And (3) large-container light-matrix water-fertilizer integrated cultivation of strong seedlings: filling the large container with nutrient soil, taking out the small container, removing the root tips of the main roots, planting the seedlings in the large container, watering thoroughly, and placing a drip irrigation disc on the top of the large container; supplementing water at regular time every day, and performing drip irrigation for 1 time in the morning and at the evening in non-rainy days according to the soil moisture content of the nutrient soil in the large container; topdressing and promoting seedlings according to the growth vigor of the seedlings; budding is carried out when the stem of the seedling is more than 0.8 cm from the middle and late ten days of 8 months to the middle and early ten days of 9 months; when the buds sprout in 4 months next year, the upper end stem of the grafted live seedling is cut off to promote the grafted bud to sprout, and the original solid bud and the redundant grafted bud are continuously removed to keep the grafted main bud healthy and strong and grow upwards; leaves fall in 12 months and then can be transplanted out of the nursery in 4 months in the next year;
wherein, the large container nutrient soil comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50-60% of fine loam, 15-20% of decomposed organic fertilizer and 25-30% of agricultural and forestry waste, uniformly mixing and composting for 3-6 months; when the nutrient soil is loaded into a large container, 5-10g of water-retaining agent is added into each bag of nutrient soil and mixed evenly;
the drip irrigation disc comprises a first disc body (11) and a second disc body (17), a plurality of water outlet holes are formed in the bottoms of the first disc body (11) and the second disc body (17), the first disc body (11) is in an open ring shape, the second disc body (17) is fixed at the opening of the first disc body (11) in a detachable mode, a disc cover (13) is installed above the second disc body (17), a control valve (14) is installed on the disc cover (13), the control valve (14) comprises an upper valve body (141), a lower valve body (142) and a valve core (143), a water inlet (1411) and at least one water outlet (1412) are arranged on the upper valve body (141), a water outlet (1412) on the upper valve body (141) is connected to the first disc body (11) through a water pipe, the first disc body (11) is communicated with the lower water level of the second disc body (17), a conical inner cavity for containing the valve core (143) is arranged on the upper valve body (141), the water inlet (1411) is communicated with the conical water outlet (1412) through the upper valve body (141), the lower valve body (142) is installed on the upper valve body (142) and is fixedly connected with the lower valve body (141), and the lower valve core (141) and the conical inner cavity (141) is formed in a lower through hole, the valve core (143) extends downwards to form a lower extension rod (1431), a mounting cylinder (131) used for mounting a control valve (14) is arranged on the disk cover (13), the upper valve body (141) or the lower valve body (142) is fixedly connected with the upper part of the mounting cylinder (131) through threads, a floating body (18) is arranged at the lower part of the mounting cylinder (131), the upper part and the lower part of the mounting cylinder (131) are separated through a partition part (132), a second through hole is formed in the partition part (132), the lower end of the lower extension rod (1431) of the valve core (143) penetrates through the first through hole in the lower valve body (142) and the second through hole in the partition part (132) and then is fixedly connected with the floating body (18), an adjusting block (19) and a spring (20) are sleeved on the lower extension rod (1431) of the valve core (143), the adjusting block (19) is in threaded connection with the lower extension rod (1431), the upper end of the spring (20) is abutted against the lower end of the partition part (132) of the mounting cylinder (131), thereby urging the upper half part of the valve core (143) to be matched and pressed against the conical surface of the conical inner cavity of the upper valve body (141), the adjusting block (19) is circumferentially and fixedly connected with the mounting cylinder (131) so as to move up and down but not rotate relatively, and the floating body (18) is circumferentially and fixedly connected with the mounting cylinder (131) so as to move up and down but not rotate relatively; thus, the spring force of the spring (20) is adjusted by rotating the lower extension rod (1431) to adjust the water pressure of the inlet water; when the water pressure of the water inlet (1411) does not exceed the acting force of the spring (20), the valve core (143) is pressed against the upper valve body (141) upwards under the action of the spring (20), the control valve (14) is closed, and water does not enter the water inlet (1411); when the water pressure of the water inlet (1411) exceeds the acting force of the spring (20), the valve core (143) moves downwards, the control valve (14) is opened, the water inlet (1411) is communicated with the water outlet (1412), water enters the first tray body (11) and the second tray body (17), and leaks into the nutrient soil of the large container through water outlet holes in the bottoms of the first tray body (11) and the second tray body (17), when the leakage speed is lower than the water inlet speed, water is stored in the first tray body (11) and the second tray body (17), as the water level of stored water rises, the buoyancy of the floating body (18) is increased, and the valve core (143) moves upwards under the buoyancy and the acting force of the spring (20) to limit the water inlet flow until the valve core (143) closes the water inlet (1411).
2. The apocarya seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 35 degrees +/-2 degrees, water is supplemented at a proper time, ventilation is carried out after seedling emergence, and high-temperature seedling burning is prevented.
3. A pecan seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the small container is a non-woven bag or a plastic mesh container with a diameter of 6 cm and a height of 10 cm; the large container is a non-woven bag with the diameter of 25 cm and the height of 30 cm.
4. The pecan seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the forestry and agricultural residues are a mixture of straw, pine and mushroom dregs.
5. The apocarya seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), during topdressing, a water-soluble fertilizer with a certain concentration is mixed into water for fertilizing, or a certain amount of fertilizer is applied singly.
6. The apocarya seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), seedlings are as long as about 80 cm, and according to growth vigor growth phase, a part of seedlings are inserted into rods, bound and lifted in time to keep the seedlings straight.
7. The pecan seedling raising method according to claim 1, wherein the side walls of the first tray body (11) and the second tray body (17) are connected through a connecting screw cylinder (16), two ends of the connecting screw cylinder (16) extend out of the side walls of the first tray body (11) and the second tray body (17) and are respectively in threaded connection with nuts (15), and the connecting screw cylinder (16) is arranged close to the bottoms of the first tray body (11) and the second tray body (17), so that the connecting holes in the screw cylinder (16) enable the first tray body (11) and the second tray body (17) to be communicated at a low water level.
8. The carya illinoensis seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the lower extension rod (1431) of the valve core (143) is square, a square clamping hole is arranged on the floating body (18), and the lower extension rod (1431) of the valve core (143) and the floating body (18) are in clamping fixed connection through the square clamping hole and cannot rotate relatively.
9. A pecan seedling raising method according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper opening of the first tray body (11) is covered with a steel wire mesh.
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| IL89272A (en) * | 1988-02-29 | 1991-09-16 | Dedalos Costa Kypris | Automatic irrigation regulator controlled by water evaporation |
| CA2403610A1 (en) * | 2002-09-17 | 2004-03-17 | Premier Tech 2000 Ltee | Buoyancy flushing apparatus and method thereof |
| CN2597772Y (en) * | 2003-01-30 | 2004-01-07 | 林德美 | Pressure-controlled water level automatic controller |
| CN104719032B (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2018-05-01 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of control system of apocarya root growth and water utilization |
| CN204560497U (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2015-08-19 | 南京林业大学 | A kind of control root device improving apocarya nursery water use efficiency |
| CN105028090A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-11-11 | 江苏水木农景股份有限公司 | Root cutting method for apocarya |
| CN108476780B (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2019-08-13 | 浙江广厦建设职业技术学院 | A kind of water-spray recycling current limliting flowerpot |
| CN110122297A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-16 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | A kind of two sections of container seedling culture methods of apocarya |
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