CN114208605A - Method for cultivating medicinal cattail seedlings - Google Patents
Method for cultivating medicinal cattail seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a seedling method of medicinal cattail, which comprises the steps of seed selection, land selection, fertilization, seed soaking, sowing, irrigation and the like, wherein the steps of seed seedling cultivation and the like are adopted, and through regulation and control of the steps of fertilization and irrigation, manual cattail seedling cultivation is realized, the yield of cattail seedlings is improved, and the problem that the number of wild cattail seedlings is limited is solved; the method is simple to operate, meets the requirement of large-area planting, realizes nearby planting, and has a good technical popularization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating medicinal typha orientalis seedlings from seeds.
Background
Typha angustifolia L is perennial aquatic or marsh herb, which is called cattail pollen, cattail grass or water candle and belongs to Typha of typhaceae. Cattail mostly originates in lakes, ponds, ditches, swamps and river slow-flow zones, China, Heilongjiang, Jilin, inner Mongolia, Hebei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Yunnan and other provinces are distributed, the cattail has the functions of purifying and improving water quality, the cattail has high economic value, and the dry pollen of the cattail, namely the cattail is used as a medicine; the blade can be used for weaving, papermaking and the like; the base of the young leaves and the tip of the rhizome can be used as vegetable; the female inflorescence can be used as a filler of a pillow core and a cushion, and is one of important aquatic economic plants.
The stem, leaf and flower of typha can be used as medicines, especially the pollen has the efficacies of stopping bleeding, treating stranguria, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, has certain economic and medicinal values, and is clinically and usually used for treating hematemesis, epistaxis, hemoptysis, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, traumatic hemorrhage, amenorrhea and menstrual flow, thoracico-abdominal pain, traumatic swelling and pain, stranguria with bloody stool and other diseases. The compound brain embolism capsule produced in Guangdong south China pharmaceutical industry is a Chinese patent medicine which is prepared by taking cattail pollen as a monarch drug and assisting other medicinal materials such as red paeony root, turmeric root-tuber, tall gastrodia tuber, uniflower swisscentaury root and the like to clinically treat and prevent ischemic stroke disease caused by wind phlegm and blood stasis obstruction in veins.
At present, researches show that the cattail has rich resources, mainly is wild resources, has very wide distribution, but cannot meet the conditions of definite production place and stable quality required by the harvesting of the medicinal cattail pollen; moreover, the yield slips seriously and the total amount of resources is limited because of the continuous damage of artificial activities in successive years; meanwhile, the problems of scattered resource distribution, no concentration and disordered variety cause high manual collection charge, disordered collection and processing and are not beneficial to product quality control, so that the ratio of manually planting medicinal typha and collecting cattail pollen is increased year by year in recent years.
At present, the planting of cattail pollen is mostly carried out transplanting planting by digging wild seedlings, the mode is high in cost, the survival rate of the dug plant seedlings is low, the transportation cost is high, and the requirement of large-area planting cannot be met. In addition, the germination and survival rate of cattail seeds in a natural state are very low, if cattail seedlings in a natural state are simply transplanted for planting, not only the source and the quantity of the seedlings are limited, but also the death of the seedlings is aggravated by the replacement of the planting environment, and the yield and the quality of cattail pollen are influenced by the acquired seedlings due to the inherent deficiency. In addition, the germplasm of wild resources is disordered, and excellent germplasm cannot be generally confirmed, so that the germplasm can be more clear by adopting an artificial seed seedling raising mode, and the method is favorable for realizing standardized mass production.
Chinese patent CN104106328A discloses a germination method of cattail seeds in northeast region, comprising processes of cattail seed collection and storage, seed pretreatment, seed screening, sowing, seed germination and the like. However, the seedling raising method has a large demand for water, needs to be implemented in paddy fields, is more suitable for being popularized in regions with rich water resources and fertile soil, such as northeast China, but not suitable for being used in regions with relatively poor soil.
Chinese patent CN109122073A discloses a planting method of medicinal cattail, which comprises the steps of land preparation, transplanting and field planting, weeding, irrigation, fertilization and the like, and realizes the effects of shortening the cattail harvesting period and improving the cattail yield in unit planting area by fertilizing and topdressing cattail seedlings in the planting process, but the method does not disclose how to obtain medicinal cattail seedlings for batch planting.
In conclusion, the technical problem which is not solved in the prior art is to find a typha seedling cultivation method which is wider in application range and simple and convenient to operate and meets the increasing batch planting requirement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for cultivating cattail seedlings for batch planting from seeds.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
the method for cultivating the medicinal cattail seedlings comprises the steps of seed selection, seed pretreatment, base fertilizer application, sowing, irrigation and the like, wherein the seed pretreatment is to soak cattail seeds in clean water at room temperature for 10-18 hours, the applied base fertilizer is untreated chicken manure, and the application amount is 400-700 kg/667m2The seeding rate of the seeding is 40-100 ml/m2The sowing depth is 0.1-1.0 cm.
The method has relatively low requirement on soil, can be used in subacid to alkaline sandy loam and loam, can be popularized in regions with different climates and different soils, and is particularly suitable for sandy loam regions with relatively dry climates and relatively barren lands, such as inner Mongolia regions in China.
Pollen Typhae seeds are small and light in weight, have low levels of nutrients in themselves, and generally can only germinate and grow by absorbing nutrients from the environment. In addition, as typha orientalis is a perennial herb, the growth cycle of typha orientalis needs to span at least one winter, and the growth state (growth vigor) of seedlings before winter in the first year is the key for determining smooth germination and further harvesting in the next spring, the important indicators for determining the seedling culture result are as follows: germination time, germination rate, survival rate and growth vigor. Furthermore, the inventor finds that in some regions which are cold or even frozen in winter, such as inner Mongolia regions and northeast regions in China, cattail seedlings cultivated in the field need to grow to a height of at least more than 30cm before entering winter, the growth state and growth indexes (root length, new stem thickness and leaf number) of the cattail seedlings are enough to keep the cattail seedlings alive in the spring of the second year, and the cattail seedlings germinate smoothly and are harvested further; otherwise, seedlings cannot live through the winter smoothly due to underdeveloped root systems and/or insufficiently strong new stems, and the survival rate in the next year is extremely low.
In the method for cultivating the medicinal cattail seedlings, the step of applying the base fertilizer is one of key technical characteristics of cultivating the cattail seedlings by using the seeds. Specifically, most methods disclosed in the prior art at present are technical solutions for promoting plant growth by applying fertilizer and top dressing during planting and selecting a mode of adjusting treatment by using a thinning (thinning) means in the growth process, but because the conditions of seed germination and plant growth are different, the influence factors are greatly different. The technical personnel of the invention surprisingly find that when the test soil is fertilized with a specific amount of chicken manure before seeding, the germination of seeds can be accelerated, the germination rate can be improved, the early growth vigor is uniform, thinning treatment is basically not needed in the seedling culture process, and the best seedling culture effect is obtained, which is superior to other common untreated farmyard manure, such as cow manure, sheep manure and the like, or synthetic farmyard manure after fermentation and decomposition; there is also a choice for the amount of fertilizer, in particular, when the amount of base fertilizer applied to each land is less than 400 kg/mu (667 m)2) In the process, due to insufficient application amount, nutrients provided for seeds are limited, so that the germination period is too long, the germination rate of the seeds is low, the roots are not firm, the subsequent growth is influenced, and the seedling growth is promoted by topdressing and/or thinning treatment; when the amount of the base fertilizer is more than 700 kg/mu (667 m)2) The germination of seeds can be inhibited, the germination period is prolonged, the root necrosis of seedlings is caused, the seedling burning phenomenon is generated, and the growth of the seedlings is not facilitated; when the fertilizing amount is 400-700 kg/mu (667 m)2) In the process, the seed time is obviously shortened, the germination rate is obviously improved, the seeds can smoothly take root and grow, the initial growth vigor is uniform, thinning treatment is basically not needed in the seedling culture process to adjust the density, and preferably, the fertilizing amount is 500-600 kg/mu (667 m)2) More preferably 550 kg/mu (667 m)2) (ii) a The fertilizing method is a method common in the field, such as direct sowing, ploughing after sowing, sowing after premixing with soil, and the like, preferably the fertilizing method is a method of sowing after premixing with soil, and the premixing proportion can be a ratio common in the field, such as about 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, and the like.
In the method for cultivating the medicinal cattail seedlings, the key technical characteristics of the cattail seedlings are that the seeds are pretreated and the sowing depth in a specific range is adopted. The cattail seeds are very light and small and cannot be separated independently, the accurate quantification is difficult during the sowing, the broadcasting sowing is also very uneven, the dry cattail pollen seeds are easily blown away by wind and easily float during the irrigation, and the cattail seeds do not contain nutrient substances and moisture, so the germination period of the seeds is very long in the natural state, but the cattail seeds are soaked in water for water absorption and expansion through the seed soaking pretreatment, revive and absorb the nutrient substances and moisture given by the outside, take roots and germinate; in addition, typha seeds require a relatively large amount of water during germination, and therefore, proper pretreatment of the seeds prior to sowing is selected. Specifically, the inventor finds through experiments that after the cattail seeds are soaked in clean water at room temperature for 10-18 hours, the seeds can be promoted to absorb water to reach a state of convenient metering and sowing, the germination time is shortened remarkably, and the germination rate is improved, wherein the room temperature is 20 +/-5 ℃, the soaking time is preferably about 14 hours, namely within 14 +/-1 hours, and the soaking mode can follow a mode commonly used in the field, and is preferably soaking with a rod. In addition, the sowing depth is also an important factor influencing the germination time and the germination rate, and particularly, when the sowing depth is 0.1-1.0cm, preferably 0.5 +/-0.2 cm, the sowing depth can be realized by digging a pit, ploughing, covering soil and the like, preferably covering soil, and the thickness of the soil layer can be 50-90cm according to the conventional planting requirements in the field; more preferably the soil layer thickness is 60 + -5 cm.
In the method for cultivating the medicinal cattail seedlings, the seeding amount of a unit area is one of key technical characteristics of the cattail seedlings cultivated by seeds. After the pretreatment, the cattail seeds swell after absorbing water, the weight of the seeds is increased, the weighing and the sowing are both more convenient, and the cattail seeds are convenient to be weighed and sownUnder the fertilizer and the sowing mode with the above dosage, the dosage of the seeds can be better matched with the fertilizer to achieve the best germination and survival rate, and the seeds grow to be more than 30cm in height before winter. Specifically, the sowing amount is calculated in a volume metering mode after the seeds are taken out, drained and dried in the shade, the seeds are loaded by using a measuring cylinder, a measuring cup and other tools, the seeds are metered after being compacted by simulating a tap density measuring method, and the sowing amount per unit area is 40-100 ml/m2When the seeding amount per unit area is less than 40ml/m2In the process, the relative density is relatively sparse, although the growth vigor is improved to a certain extent, the efficiency is obviously low, and the over-fertility is easy to occur when the seeding quantity is too small, so that the germination rate is too low; when the seeding rate per unit area is more than 100ml/m2When the relative density is too high, the growth vigor is influenced, and the later stage needs to be adjusted by multiple topdressing and/or thinning modes, so that the germination rate is reduced and seedlings are burned. Preferably, the seeding rate per unit area is 60-80 ml/m2。
Furthermore, the irrigation step is one of the important technical characteristics of seed culture of the cattail seedlings. Specifically, the water amount needed by the germination and growth of the cattail seeds is large, the requirement can be met by conventional irrigation in areas where the land is fertile and/or the water resource is relatively rich, particularly, water and soil such as sandy loam and the like which are not preserved particularly can quickly permeate after watering in the areas where the water is deficient and/or the areas where the water is relatively poor, wind blows and is dried in the sun, the surface soil cannot be ensured to be always in a wet state, and further the germination and growth of the seeds are influenced, so that the irrigation steps of different soil qualities are very important, the technical personnel in the experimental process find that the germination and growth of the cattail seeds can be met by maintaining the soil humidity at 20-40%, preferably 30 +/-5%, the soil humidity can be detected by adopting the conventional detection method in the field, such as a gravimetric method, a resistance method and the like, selecting a soil humidity detector for detection, the irrigation method can adopt the irrigation method in the field, such as: ground irrigation, underground irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and the like, and the sprinkling irrigation mode with fixed amount is preferred.
The outdoor temperature of the seeds for cultivating the cattail seedlings is stabilized at 15-30 ℃ within 5-6 months, the sowing time is too early, the temperature of partial areas is too low or rainwater is too much, the germination time and the germination rate are influenced, the seedling cost is also improved due to too long seedling cultivation time, and the cattail seedlings are too weak and small when entering winter and the survival rate after winter is low due to too late sowing time.
According to the method for cultivating the medicinal cattail seedlings from the seeds, the seed selection step conforms to the known seed selection standard in the field, preferably, the cattail stems which grow uniformly, are thick and full are adopted, and the cattail seedlings are collected and placed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated storehouse for storage; in a specific scheme of the invention, the cultivation is carried out in sandy soil in the inner Mongolia region, the flowering period of the cattail is from the middle and late 5 months to the middle and upper 6 months, and after the cattail is mature from the upper 9 months to the lower 10 months, a high-quality mature cattail stick is collected as a seed. Unless otherwise specified, in the present invention, the first ten days refer to days 1 to 10 of a month, the middle ten days refer to days 11 to 20 of a month, and the last ten days refer to days 21 to the last day of a month.
The invention relates to a preferable method for cultivating medicinal cattail seedlings by seeds in sandy soil of an inner Mongolia region, which comprises the following steps:
1. harvesting the spike of cattail pollen in the last 10 months and reserving seeds;
2. soaking the cattail stem in clear water at room temperature in the middle ten days of 5 months for about 14 hours for later use;
3. selecting land with soil layer thickness of 60 + -5 cm, mixing 550kg/776m2The chicken manure is premixed with soil according to the proportion of 2:1 and then is uniformly sown, and the concentration of the premixed chicken manure is 70ml/m2Sowing, and covering soil of 0.5 +/-0.2 cm;
4. the soil humidity is controlled to be 30 +/-5% by adopting a fixed-amount sprinkling irrigation mode.
The invention relates to a method for cultivating medicinal cattail seedlings by seeds in sandy soil of an inner Mongolia region and further planting medicinal cattail, which comprises the following steps:
1. harvesting the spike of cattail pollen in the last 10 months and reserving seeds;
2. soaking the cattail stem in clear water at room temperature in the middle ten days of 5 months for about 14 hours for later use;
3. selecting land with soil layer thickness of 60 + -5 cm, mixing 550kg/776m2The chicken manure is mixed with soil according to the proportion of 2:1Uniformly sowing after premixing, wherein the concentration of the mixture is 70ml/m2Sowing, and covering soil of 0.5 +/-0.2 cm;
4. controlling the soil humidity to be 30 +/-5% by adopting a fixed-amount sprinkling irrigation mode;
5. transplanting and planting the cattail seedlings at a row spacing of 30 +/-3 cm multiplied by 45 +/-3 cm in the middle ten days of the next year 5 months;
6. in the next year after transplanting, applying untreated sheep manure for fertilization when typha seedlings emerge in 4 last month every year, wherein the total application amount of the sheep manure is 370kg/667m2The administration was divided into 3 administrations, each with 10 days intervals.
The planting method of the medicinal cattail covers the seedling raising and planting parts, and high-quality cattail seedlings obtained in the seedling raising link can exert the technical advantages of the planting stage to the greatest extent, realize the technical effects of high survival rate, cattail pollen harvesting period, high cattail pollen yield in unit planting area and the like, facilitate the standardized and industrialized production of cattail pollen, further control the quality of raw materials and improve and stabilize the quality of final products of preparations.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the method for cultivating the medical cattail seedlings from the seeds is provided, the optimization of seed germination, growth and the like is realized through refined control in the cultivation process, the standardized cultivation of the cattail pollen seedlings is realized, the problems of limited medical cattail pollen seedling resources, scattered distribution and disordered variety are solved, the requirements of definite production area and stable quality of the medical cattail pollen are met from the source, the yield of high-quality cattail pollen is greatly improved, and the method can be popularized in the land including water-deficient areas and/or relatively barren areas;
2. the provided planting method of the medicinal cattail covers the seedling raising and planting parts, and the high-quality cattail seedlings obtained in the seedling raising link can exert the technical advantages of the planting stage to the maximum extent, and achieve the technical effects of high survival rate, cattail pollen harvesting period, high cattail pollen yield per unit planting area and the like.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto.
The experiment of the seedling method of the medicinal typha shown in the embodiment of the invention is completed by cooperating with Beijing university of traditional Chinese medicine, and the planting experiment base is sandy wasteland with perennial irrigation conditions in the Geneva muscle token county of the City.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that there may be fluctuations/errors in the total amount of fertilization of + -5 kg due to various non-human factors; the applied chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure and horse manure come from local breeding specialized households.
Example 1 typha seed Collection
From the middle and late days of 5 months to the middle and early days of 6 months of cattail flowering season, selecting uniformly grown wild cattail resources in a fish pond, and harvesting cattail pollen for half and not harvesting cattail pollen for half. Collecting Typha orientalis L seeds at 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 4 months and 5 months in the next year respectively. After the seeds are collected, the seeds are placed in a dry, shady and ventilated storehouse.
And soaking for about 14 hours in 5 months in the second year, uniformly taking 200 seeds, placing the seeds on the surface of the soil premixed by chicken manure and soil in a mass ratio of about 2:1 in an indoor parallel array manner for simulated sowing, and periodically spraying water for 20 days to measure the germination rate.
The evaluation results were as follows:
TABLE 1 seed weight and germination percentage for different harvesting months
| Month of harvest | Weight (g) of 10 cattail sticks | Percentage of germination (%) |
| 7 month | 270 | 60 |
| 8 month | 300 | 75 |
| 9 month | 320 | 90 |
| 10 month | 330 | 95 |
| 11 month | 290 | 85 |
| 4 months of the next year | 150 | 50 |
| The next year is 5 months | 110 | 40 |
The optimal harvest time of the cattail pollen seeds can be found to be 9 months and 10 months, and the weight and the germination rate of the cattail pollen are obviously higher.
Example 2 pretreatment
Soaking typha orientalis seed with rods in normal-temperature cold water for pretreatment in the middle ten days of 5 months, taking 200 seed chambers after drying in the shade, placing the 200 seed chambers in a parallel array on the surface of the soil after premixing according to the mass ratio of chicken manure to soil of about 2:1, simulating seeding, regularly spraying water for 20 days, observing the seed germination time and the seed germination rate, and obtaining the following results:
TABLE 2 germination time and germination rate of pollen Typhae seeds with different soaking time
| Soaking time | Time to sprout (Tian) | Percentage of germination (%) |
| Without soaking | 7-20 | 56％ |
| 2 hours | 7-20 | 60％ |
| 6 hours | 6-15 | 76％ |
| 10 hours | 7-12 | 93％ |
| 14 hours | 7-11 | 96％ |
| 18 hours | 6-10 | 91％ |
| 24 hours | 6-9 | 74％ |
From the above data, it is clear that the soaking time can affect the germination time and germination rate. Specifically, the seeds which are not soaked or are soaked for a short time have a long germination time, the germination rate of the seeds is low within 20 days, the seeds are shown to have uneven growth vigor in large-scale planting, and finally, the seeds which grow to be more than 30cm have fewer dominant seedlings; the soaking time is too long, although the germination time can be shortened to a certain extent, the germination rate of the seeds can be influenced due to the fact that the seeds are soaked in water for a long time, and in addition, the seeds soaked for a long time absorb too much water to be measured and sown; comprehensively discovers that the seeds soaked for 10-18 hours have moderate water absorption, are convenient to measure and broadcast, and have short germination time and highest germination rate; the seeds are soaked for about 14 hours, which can achieve the best effect of germination time and germination rate.
Example 3 base fertilizer species screening
1. Harvesting the spike of cattail pollen in the last 10 months and reserving seeds;
2. soaking the cattail stem in clear water at room temperature for about 14 hours in the middle ten days of the 5 th month, and drying in the shade;
3. selecting soil with soil thickness of 60 + -5 cm, and dividing into untreated chicken manure, sheep manure, cattle manure, horse manure and fermented and decomposed synthetic farmyard manure at a ratio of 550kg/776m2The dosage of the fertilizer is that the fertilizer is premixed with soil according to the proportion of 2:1 and then is evenly sown, and the pretreated seeds are sown at the ratio of 40ml/m2(sparse) 70ml/m2(moderate), 100ml/m2Sowing at (dense) three sowing densities, and covering soil of 0.5 +/-0.2 cm;
4. the humidity of the soil is controlled to be 30 +/-5% by adopting a fixed-amount sprinkling irrigation mode, and the height of the cattail seedlings is measured in the last 11 th days of the year.
TABLE 3 germination percentage and growth vigor of cattail pollen seeds with different base fertilizers
In the test process, the application of the fertilizer can obviously improve the seed germination rate, wherein the effect of promoting the seed germination of the chicken manure application group, the sheep manure application group and the cow manure application group is similar, and the effect shows that the plant number is higher and similar; the number of the adult plants of the horse manure application group and the compound fertilizer group is obviously less.
Further, for the unfertilized group, the soil fertility is obviously insufficient, the number of the germinated seedlings is obviously less than that of other fertilization groups, and the vast majority of the germinated seedlings grow less than 30cm at the statistical end point;
for the chicken manure application group, the chicken manure has a good promoting effect on seed germination, the fertilizer efficiency duration is long, the overall growth vigor of seedlings is good, and the transverse comparison between the plant number and the growth vigor of each group at the end point of statistics is optimal. It can be seen that the chicken manure has a better effect on seed germination and growth as a base fertilizer. This may be related to the high content of nitrogen, phosphorus and protein in the chicken manure, which also contains various trace elements.
For the sheep manure and cattle manure application groups, the sheep manure and the cattle manure have similar effects, the seeds can be promoted to germinate to a certain degree at the initial stage, the germination rate of the seeds is high at the early stage, but the growth vigor of the seedlings is weak, each group finally shows that the number of the plants is similar to that of the chicken manure application group, but the whole growth vigor is inferior to that of the chicken manure application group, and the fertilization times are increased or the thinning adjustment density is optimized through topdressing in large-scale production;
for a horse manure and synthetic farmyard manure application group, the germination and fertility of stored seeds are poor, which means that the number of plants and the overall growth vigor are poor at the end point of statistics, and the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing frequency need to be increased or the thinning treatment density needs to be adjusted for optimization in large-scale production.
In another hill test field conducted in parallel, each group also exhibited a trend substantially consistent with the present test field.
Example 4 base fertilizer dosage screening
The same planting method as in example 3 was used,
1. selecting land with soil layer thickness of 60 + -5 cm, and adding untreated chicken manure at a ratio of 250kg/776m2、400kg/776m2、550kg/776m2、700kg/776m2、850kg/776m2The dosage of the fertilizer is about 2:1, the fertilizer is uniformly sowed after being premixed with soil, and the dosage of the fertilizer is 40ml/m2(sparse) 70ml/m2(moderate), 100ml/m2Sowing at (dense) three sowing densities, and covering soil of 0.5 +/-0.2 cm;
2. the humidity of the soil is controlled to be 30 +/-5% by adopting a fixed-amount sprinkling irrigation mode, and the height of the cattail seedlings is measured in the last 11 th days of the year. The results are as follows:
TABLE 4 germination percentage and growth vigor of cattail pollen seeds with different base fertilizer dosage
During the test, we found that the thickness of the material was increased to 850kg/776m2Besides the fertilization amount group, all the other fertilization amount groups show certain effect of promoting seed germination.
In particular, for 250kg/776m2The fertilization amount group shows that the soil fertility is obviously insufficient, although the number of seedlings germinated in the initial stage is only less than that of other fertilization groups with the same planting density, most seedlings are lower than 30cm in height at the statistical end point, and the growth vigor is not good;
for 850kg/776m2And in the fertilizing amount group, the phenomenon of obvious fertility surplus appears, and the germination rates of the three groups of planting densities are all low, and the phenomenon of obvious seedling burning appears.
For 400kg/776m2、550kg/776m2And 700kg/776m2The fertilizer application amount group has a good promotion effect on seed germination by chicken manure, the fertilizer effect duration is enough to cover the growth period, the whole growth vigor of the seedlings is good, and the transverse comparison between the plant number and the growth vigor of each group at the end point of statistics is optimal; 700kg/776m due to the approach to critical value2Signs that the dense group in the fertilization rate group had developed subsequent insufficiency, while the sparse group in the group also developed signs of slight seedling burning; the germination rate and growth vigor are considered to be 550kg/776m2The germination rate of each group of the fertilizing amount group is the highest, and the growth vigor is the best and the most uniform.
Taking 400kg/776m2、550kg/776m2And 700kg/776m2And (3) fertilizing 10 seedlings obtained in the fertilizer application amount group, and measuring growth indexes such as root length, new stem thickness, leaf number and the like, wherein the root length is more than 10cm, the new stem thickness is more than 6mm, and the average leaf number is more than 5.
After the plant height and growth indexes are integrated, the evaluation is considered as follows: the cattail seedlings obtained by the three application amount groups are supported in winter and can successfully germinate in the next year.
In another hill test field conducted in parallel, each group also exhibited a trend substantially consistent with the present test field.
Example 5 transplantation
The next year, 550kg/776m of example 42The plant height of each fertilizing amount group is 50 cattail seedlings with 30cm, the cattail seedlings are transplanted and planted according to the planting method of Chinese patent CN109122073A example 1PF-1 plot, the ratio (survival rate) of the re-germination in the first year after the transplantation is as follows:
TABLE 6 survival rate and harvest index of Typha plants of different groups
The cattail seedlings obtained by the cultivation method have strong roots and high survival rate after transplanting, the advantages of the cultivation method can be furthest exerted, the requirement of batch cultivation is met, in subsequent planting, the cattail seedlings are found to grow stronger, and a better harvesting period and harvest are expected to be obtained compared with the mode of collecting wild seedlings, transplanting roots and the like.
By combining all the embodiments, the method for cultivating the medicinal cattail seedlings from the seeds can realize artificial cultivation of the cattail seedlings by regulating and controlling the steps of seeding amount, seed pretreatment, fertilization and the like in the seedling cultivation process, greatly improve the yield of the cattail seedlings and solve the problem of limited number of wild cattail seedlings; the method is simple to operate, meets the requirement of large-area planting, realizes nearby planting, and has a good technical popularization prospect.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for cultivating the medicinal cattail seedlings comprises the steps of seed selection, seed pretreatment, base fertilizer application, sowing and irrigation, and is characterized in that the seed pretreatment is to soak cattail seeds in clean water at room temperature for 10-18 hours, the base fertilizer application is untreated chicken manure, and the application amount is 400-700 kg/667m2The seeding rate of the seeding is 40-100 ml/m2The sowing depth is 0.1-1.0 cm.
2. The method for cultivating the medicinal typha seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the application amount of the base fertilizer is 500-600 kg/667m2Preferably 550kg/667m2。
3. The method for cultivating typha seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time for soaking in said pretreatment is 14 ± 1 hour.
4. The method for cultivating typha officinalis seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seeding amount is 60-80 ml/m2Preferably 70ml/m2。
5. The method for cultivating typha seedlings as claimed in claim 1, wherein said sowing depth is 0.5 ± 0.2 cm.
6. The method for cultivating typha officinali seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the irrigation step is performed while maintaining the soil humidity at 20-40%, preferably 30 ± 5%; the thickness of the soil layer in the sowing step is 50-90cm, and preferably 60 +/-5 cm.
7. The method for cultivating typha seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the seed selection time is from last 9 to last 10 months.
8. The method for cultivating cattail seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the method is used in sandy loam areas.
9. A method for cultivating medicinal cattail seedlings is characterized in that the method is carried out in sandy soil in an inner Mongolia region, and comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting the spike of cattail pollen in the last 10 months and reserving seeds;
(2) soaking the cattail stem in clear water at room temperature in the middle ten days of 5 months for about 14 hours for later use;
(3) selecting land with soil layer thickness of 60 + -5 cm, mixing 550kg/776m2The chicken manure is premixed with soil according to the proportion of 2:1 and then is uniformly sown, and the concentration of the premixed chicken manure is 70ml/m2Sowing, and covering soil of 0.5 +/-0.2 cm;
(4) the soil humidity is controlled to be 30 +/-5% by adopting a fixed-amount sprinkling irrigation mode.
10. A method for planting medicinal typha orientalis, characterized in that the method is carried out in sandy soil in inner Mongolia areas, and comprises the following steps:
(1) harvesting the spike of cattail pollen in the last 10 months and reserving seeds;
(2) soaking the cattail stem in clear water at room temperature in the middle ten days of 5 months for about 14 hours for later use;
(3) selecting land with soil layer thickness of 60 + -5 cm, mixing 550kg/776m2The chicken manure is premixed with soil according to the proportion of 2:1 and then is uniformly sown, and the concentration of the premixed chicken manure is 70ml/m2Sowing, and covering soil of 0.5 +/-0.2 cm;
(4) controlling the soil humidity to be 30 +/-5% by adopting a fixed-amount sprinkling irrigation mode;
(5) transplanting and planting the cattail seedlings at a row spacing of 30 +/-3 cm multiplied by 45 +/-3 cm in the middle ten days of the next year 5 months;
(6) in the next year after transplanting, applying untreated sheep manure for fertilization when typha seedlings emerge in 4 last month every year, wherein the total application amount of the sheep manure is 370kg/667m2The administration was divided into 3 administrations, each with 10 days intervals.
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| TWI845451B (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2024-06-11 | 蔣敏全 | A method and structure for planting cattail potted plants |
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| TWI845451B (en) * | 2023-11-24 | 2024-06-11 | 蔣敏全 | A method and structure for planting cattail potted plants |
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