CN114208605B - Method for cultivating medicinal typha seedlings - Google Patents
Method for cultivating medicinal typha seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN114208605B CN114208605B CN202111514418.0A CN202111514418A CN114208605B CN 114208605 B CN114208605 B CN 114208605B CN 202111514418 A CN202111514418 A CN 202111514418A CN 114208605 B CN114208605 B CN 114208605B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
Abstract
The invention relates to a seedling raising method of medicinal typha, which comprises the steps of seed selection, land selection, fertilization, seed soaking, sowing, irrigation and the like, wherein the artificial cultivation of typha seedlings is realized through the regulation and control of the fertilization and irrigation steps, the yield of typha seedlings is improved, and the problem of limited quantity of wild typha seedlings is solved; the method is simple to operate, meets the requirement of large-area planting, realizes nearby planting, and has good technical popularization prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating medicinal typha seedlings from seeds.
Background
The candelas orientalis (academic name: typha angustifolia L.) is perennial root aquatic or biogas herb, and is named as pollen Typhae, herba Typhae or candle, belonging to typha of typhaceae. Typha is mainly applied to lakes, ponds, ditches, marshes and slow-flowing zones of rivers, and is distributed in the provinces of Heilongjiang, jilin, inner Mongolia, hebei, jiangsu, zhejiang, jiangxi, guangdong, yunnan and the like in China, so that the typha has the effects of purifying and improving water quality, has high economic value, and is used as a medicine; the blade can be used for weaving, papermaking and the like; the basal part of the young leaf and the tip of the root-shaped stem can be used as vegetables; the female inflorescence can be used as a filler of a pillow core and a cushion, and is one of important aquatic economic plants.
The stem, leaf and flower of typha can be used as medicines, especially the pollen has the effects of stopping bleeding, treating stranguria, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, has certain economic and medicinal values, and is clinically used for mainly treating hematemesis, epistaxis, hemoptysis, metrorrhagia, traumatic hemorrhage, amenorrhea, thoracoabdominal pain, traumatic injury swelling and pain, blood stranguria pain and other diseases. A compound Naoshuantong capsule produced in Guangdong south China pharmaceutical industry is prepared by taking pollen typhae as a monarch drug and adding red paeony root, radix curcumae, rhizoma gastrodiae, uniflower swisscentaury root and other medicinal materials as auxiliary materials, and is used for preparing a Chinese patent medicine for clinically treating and preventing ischemic stroke caused by wind phlegm and blood stasis obstruction of collaterals.
The research at present finds that typha resource is rich, but is mainly wild resource, has very wide distribution, but can not meet the conditions of definite production place and stable quality of the medicinal typha pollen harvesting requirement; moreover, the yield is seriously sliding due to the continuous damage of artificial activities in successive years, and the total amount of resources is limited; meanwhile, the problems of scattered resource distribution, no concentration and chaotic varieties are added, so that the manual harvesting cost is extremely high, the harvesting processing is chaotic, and the quality control of products is not facilitated, so that the ratio of the cattail pollen to the cattail pollen for manual planting and harvesting is increased year by year in recent years.
At present, the pollen typhae is planted mostly by digging wild seedlings, the cost of the mode is high, the survival rate of the dug plant seedlings is low, the transportation cost is high, and the requirement of large-area planting cannot be met. In addition, the germination and survival rate of typha seeds in a natural state is very low, if typha seedlings in a natural state are simply transplanted for planting, not only are the sources and the quantity of the seedlings limited, but also the death of the seedlings can be aggravated by the replacement of the planting environment, and the yield and the quality of the typha pollen are affected by the obtained seedlings due to the congenital deficiency. In addition, the germplasm of the wild resources is disordered and the good germplasm cannot be confirmed in general, so that the germplasm is clearer by adopting an artificial seed seedling raising mode, and the standardized mass production is facilitated.
Chinese patent CN104106328A discloses a germination method of typha seeds in northeast China, which comprises the processes of collecting and storing typha seeds, preprocessing seeds, screening seeds, sowing seeds, germinating seeds and the like. However, the seedling raising method has a large water demand and needs to be implemented in paddy fields, is more suitable for popularization in areas with rich water resources and rich soil, such as northeast China, but is not suitable for use in areas with relatively barren soil, and in addition, the method focuses on improving the germination rate and the emergence rate of typha seeds, and does not consider transplanting and survival rate after transplanting.
Chinese patent CN109122073a discloses a planting method of medicinal typha, which comprises the steps of soil preparation, transplanting and field planting, weeding, irrigation, fertilization and the like, and the patent realizes the effects of shortening the cattail pollen harvesting period and improving the cattail pollen yield per unit planting area by carrying out fertilization and topdressing treatment on typha seedlings in the planting process, but the method does not disclose how to obtain the medicinal typha seedlings for batch planting.
In summary, finding a typha seedling cultivation method with wider application range and simple operation to meet the increasing batch planting requirements is an unsolved technical problem in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a method for cultivating cattail seedlings for batch planting from seeds.
The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a method for cultivating medicinal typha seedlings, which comprises the steps of seed selection, seed pretreatment, base fertilizer application, sowing, irrigation and the like, wherein the seed pretreatment comprises the steps of soaking typha seeds in clear water at room temperature for 10-18 hours, the base fertilizer application is untreated chicken manure, and the application amount is 400-700 kg/667m 2 The sowing quantity of the sowing is 40-100 ml/m 2 The sowing depth is 0.1-1.0cm.
The method has relatively low requirement on soil, can be used in slightly acidic to alkaline sandy loam and loam, can be popularized in areas with different climates and different soils, and is particularly suitable for sandy loam areas with relatively dry climates and relatively barren lands, such as inner Mongolia areas in China.
Pollen Typhae seeds are very small and light in weight, have little self-nutrients, and generally can only germinate and grow by absorbing nutrients from the environment. In addition, since typha is a perennial herb, the growth cycle thereof needs to span at least one winter, and the growth state (vigor) of seedlings before first-year winter is a key for determining successful germination in next-year spring and further harvesting, important indexes for determining seedling raising results are as follows: germination time, germination rate, survival rate and growth vigor. Furthermore, the inventor finds that in the areas which are cold in winter or even frozen in part, such as inner Mongolia areas, northeast areas and the like in China, typha seedlings cultivated in the wild need to be at least as high as more than 30cm before entering winter, the growth state and the growth index (root length, new stem thickness and leaf number) of typha seedlings are enough to keep survival of typha seedlings to spring of the next year, and the typha seedlings sprout smoothly and further harvest; otherwise, the seedlings cannot successfully live through winter due to underdeveloped root systems and/or insufficient strong new stems, and the survival rate in the second year is extremely low.
In the method for cultivating the typha seedlings for medical use, the step of applying the base fertilizer is one of key technical characteristics of seed cultivation of typha seedlings. Specifically, most of the methods disclosed in the prior art at present are technical schemes for promoting plant growth by fertilizing and topdressing during planting and selecting a mode of adjusting treatment by thinning (thinning) means in the growth process, but because seed germination and plant growth conditions are different, influence factors are greatly different. The technical staff surprisingly found that when the test soil is fertilized by using chicken manure with a specific dosage before sowing, the germination of seeds can be quickened, the germination rate can be improved, the early growth vigor is uniform, the seedling raising process basically does not need thinning treatment, and the best seedling raising effect is obtained, and is superior to other common untreated farmyard manure such as cow manure, sheep manure and the like, or the fermented and decomposed synthetic farmyard manure; the amount of the fertilizer is also selected, in particular, when the amount of the base fertilizer applied to each land is less than 400 kg/mu (667 m 2 ) When the method is used, due to insufficient application amount, the nutrients provided for the seeds are limited, so that the germination period is overlong, the germination rate of the seeds is low, the rooting is unstable, the subsequent growth is influenced, and the seedling growth is promoted by additional fertilizer and/or thinning treatment; when the fertilizing amount of the base fertilizer is more than 700 kg/mu (667 m) 2 ) When the seedling growth promoting agent is used, the germination of seeds can be inhibited, the germination period is prolonged, the root necrosis of the seedling is caused, the phenomenon of burning the seedling occurs, and the growth of the seedling is not facilitated; when the fertilizing amount is 400-700 kg/mu (667 m) 2 ) When the seed is used, the seed time is obviously shortened, the germination rate is obviously improved, the rooting and growth can be smoothly carried out, the initial growth vigor is uniform, the density is basically adjusted without thinning treatment in the seedling raising process, and the fertilizing amount is preferably 500-600 kg/mu (667 m 2 ) More preferably 550 kg/mu (667 m 2 ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The fertilization mode is common in the field, such as direct sowing, plowing after sowing, sowing after premixing with soil, and the like, preferably after premixing with soilThe mode of sowing, the premix ratio may be a ratio commonly used in the art, such as about 1:1,1:2,2:1, etc.
In the method for cultivating the typha seedlings, pretreatment of seeds and adoption of a specific range of sowing depth are key technical characteristics of seed cultivation of typha seedlings. Because typha seeds are very light and small and cannot be separated singly, accurate quantification is difficult to realize during sowing, sowing is uneven, dry typha seeds are easy to blow away by wind and float during irrigation, and the typha seeds do not have nutrient substances and moisture, so that the germination period of the seeds is very long in a natural state, but the seeds are soaked in water for swelling through pretreatment, and then revive and germinate and absorb the nutrient substances and moisture externally supplied to the seeds to take roots and germinate; in addition, typha seeds require a relatively large amount of water during germination, so proper pretreatment of the seeds prior to sowing is selected. Specifically, the inventor finds through experiments that after the typha seeds are soaked in clear water at room temperature for 10-18 hours, the seeds can be promoted to absorb water to achieve a state of convenient metering and sowing, the germination time is obviously shortened, the germination rate is improved, the room temperature is 20+/-5 ℃, the soaking time is preferably about 14 hours, namely, the soaking time is within 14+/-1 hour, and the soaking mode can follow the common mode in the field, preferably the soaking mode with bars. In addition, the sowing depth is also an important factor influencing the germination time and the germination rate, specifically, when the sowing depth is 0.1-1.0cm, preferably 0.5+/-0.2 cm, the sowing depth can be realized by digging pits, ploughing, covering soil and the like, preferably the soil covering mode, and the soil layer thickness can be preferably 50-90cm according to the conventional planting requirements in the field; more preferably, the soil layer thickness is 60.+ -.5 cm.
In the method for cultivating the typha seedlings for medical use, the sowing quantity per unit area is one of key technical characteristics of cultivating the typha seedlings by seeds. After pretreatment, typha seeds expand after absorbing water, the weight of the seeds is increased, weighing and sowing are more convenient, and under the fertilizer and sowing mode with the dosage, the dosage of the seeds can be matched with the fertilizer to achieve the best germination and survival rate and grow to more than 30cm in plant height before winter. Specifically, the seeds are taken out, drained and dried in the shadeThen calculating the sowing quantity in a volume metering mode, and using tools such as a measuring cylinder, a measuring cup and the like to fill seeds and simulate the tap density measuring method to meter after tapping, wherein the sowing quantity per unit area is 40-100 ml/m 2 When the sowing quantity per unit area is less than 40ml/m 2 When the relative density is relatively sparse, although the growth vigor is improved to a certain extent, the efficiency is obviously low, and too little seeding quantity is easy to cause excessive fertility so that the germination rate is too low; when the sowing quantity per unit area is more than 100ml/m 2 When the relative density is too high, the growth vigor is affected, and the later period needs to be adjusted through multiple topdressing and/or thinning modes, and the conditions of reduced germination rate and seedling burning are also present. Preferably, the sowing amount per unit area is 60-80 ml/m 2 。
Furthermore, the irrigation step is one of important technical characteristics of seed cultivation typha seedlings. Specifically, the typha seed needs more water for germination and growth, the demand can be met by conventional irrigation in areas with rich land and/or relatively rich water resources, and the soil in areas with water shortage and/or relatively poor areas, especially non-water retention soil, such as sandy loam, can permeate quickly after watering, and dry in the air, the surface soil can not be guaranteed to be in a wet state all the time, so that the germination and growth of the seeds are influenced, therefore, the different soil irrigation steps are very important, and the inventor finds that the typha seed germination and growth can be met when the soil humidity is maintained at 20-40%, preferably 30+/-5%, the soil humidity can be detected by adopting a conventional detection method in the art, such as a gravimetric method, a resistance method and the like, and can also be detected by adopting a soil humidity tester, and the irrigation mode can be adopted in the field, such as: ground irrigation, underground irrigation, sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation, etc., preferably fixed-quantity sprinkling irrigation.
The sowing time of the typha seedlings cultivated by the seeds is 5-6 months, the outdoor temperature is stabilized at 15-30 ℃, the sowing time is too early, on one hand, the temperature of partial areas is too low or the rainwater is too much, the germination time and the germination rate are influenced, on the other hand, the long seedling raising time also improves the seedling raising cost, and on the other hand, the pollen typha seedlings are too weak and small when entering winter when the sowing time is too late, and the survival rate is very low after overwintering.
According to the method for cultivating medicinal typha seedlings from seeds, the seed selection step accords with seed selection standards known in the art, preferably mature typha seeds with uniform growth vigor, coarse and full seeds are adopted, and after harvesting, the seeds are placed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated storehouse for use; in a specific scheme of the invention, the cultivation is implemented in sand soil in an inner Mongolian region, the cattail flower period of the soil is from the middle and the lower ten days of 5 months to the upper and the middle ten days of 6 months, and the cattail is harvested to be a seed after the cattail is ripe from the upper 9 months to the lower 10 months. The upper ten days refer to 1 to 10 days of one month, the middle ten days refer to 11 to 20 days of one month, and the lower ten days refer to 21 to last days of one month, unless otherwise indicated.
The invention discloses a preferred method for cultivating medicinal typha seedlings by seeds in sandy soil in an inner Mongolian region, which comprises the following steps:
1. harvesting cattail rods in the late 10 months for seed reserving;
2. soaking the cattail in clear water for about 14 hours at room temperature in the middle of 5 months for later use;
3. selecting land with soil layer thickness of 60+ -5 cm, and mixing 550kg/776m 2 The chicken manure is pre-mixed with soil according to the proportion of 2:1 and then evenly scattered, and the ratio of the chicken manure to the soil is 70ml/m 2 Sowing and covering soil by 0.5+/-0.2 cm;
4. the soil humidity is controlled to be 30+/-5% by adopting a fixed quantity sprinkling irrigation mode.
The invention discloses a method for cultivating medicinal typha seedlings by seeds in sandy soil in inner Mongolian regions and further planting the medicinal typha, which comprises the following steps:
1. harvesting cattail rods in the late 10 months for seed reserving;
2. soaking the cattail in clear water for about 14 hours at room temperature in the middle of 5 months for later use;
3. selecting land with soil layer thickness of 60+ -5 cm, and mixing 550kg/776m 2 The chicken manure is pre-mixed with soil according to the proportion of 2:1 and then evenly scattered, and the ratio of the chicken manure to the soil is 70ml/m 2 Sowing and covering soil by 0.5+/-0.2 cm;
4. controlling the soil humidity to be 30+/-5% by adopting a fixed quantity sprinkling irrigation mode;
5. transplanting typha seedlings at plant row spacing of 30+/-3 cm multiplied by 45+/-3 cm in the middle ten days of 5 months of the second year;
6. in the next year after transplanting, the cattail seedlings in the last 4 th month are fertilized by untreated sheep manure, wherein the total application amount of the sheep manure is 370kg/667m 2 The administration was divided into 3 administrations, each of which was 10 days apart.
The planting method of the medicinal typha involves seedling raising and planting parts, and the high-quality typha seedlings obtained by seedling raising links can exert the technical advantages of planting stages to the greatest extent, realize the technical effects of high survival rate, high pollen typhae yield per unit planting area and the like, and are favorable for standardized and industrialized production of pollen typhae, further control the quality of raw materials and improve and stabilize the quality of final products of the preparation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the method for cultivating the medicinal typha seedlings from the seeds is characterized in that optimization of seed germination, growth and the like is realized through fine control in the cultivation process, standardized cultivation of the typha seedlings is realized, the problems of limited resources, scattered distribution and chaotic varieties of the medicinal typha seedlings are solved, the requirements of clear production places and stable quality of the medicinal typha are met at the source, and the yield of high-quality typha is greatly improved;
2. the planting method of the medicinal typha involves seedling raising and planting parts, and the high-quality typha seedlings obtained by using seedling raising links can exert the technical advantages of the planting stage to the greatest extent, so that the technical effects of high survival rate, high pollen typha harvesting period, high pollen typha yield per unit planting area and the like are realized.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto.
Experiments of the seedling raising method of the medicinal typha according to the embodiment of the invention are completed by cooperation with Beijing university of traditional Chinese medicine, the planting experiment base is a sandy barren land with perennial irrigation conditions in the city, the mouth and county of inner Mongolia Bayan.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that there may be + -5 kg fluctuation/error in the total amount of fertilization due to the influence of various non-human factors; the applied chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure and horse manure come from local breeding special households.
Example 1 typha seed harvest
In the middle and late 5 months to the middle and late 6 months of typha in the flowering period, wild typha resources with uniform growth vigor are selected in a fish pond, and half of typha is harvested and half of typha is not harvested. Typha seeds were collected at 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 4 months of the next year, 5 months of the next year, respectively. After harvesting seeds, the seeds are placed in a storehouse with good drying, shadiness and ventilation.
And uniformly taking 200 seeds after soaking for about 14 hours in 5 months in the next year, placing the indoor parallel arrays on the soil surface after premixing the chicken manure and the soil in a mass ratio of about 2:1 for simulated sowing, and periodically spraying water for 20 days to measure the germination rate.
The evaluation results were as follows:
TABLE 1 seed weights and germination rates for different harvest months
| Month of harvesting | Weight of 10 cattail rods (g) | Germination percentage (%) |
| 7 months of | 270 | 60 |
| 8 months of | 300 | 75 |
| 9 months of | 320 | 90 |
| For 10 months | 330 | 95 |
| 11 months of | 290 | 85 |
| 4 months of the next year | 150 | 50 |
| 5 months of the next year | 110 | 40 |
The optimal harvest time of the cattail pollen seeds can be found to be 9 months and 10 months, and the weight and germination rate of the cattail pollen are obviously higher.
EXAMPLE 2 pretreatment
Soaking typha seed with sticks in cold water at normal temperature for pretreatment in the middle ten days of 5 months, taking 200 seed indoor parallel arrays after drying in the shade, placing the parallel arrays on the surface of the soil after premixing in the proportion of chicken manure and soil mass ratio of about 2:1 for simulated sowing, spraying water for 20 days regularly, and observing the germination time and germination rate of the seeds, wherein the result is as follows:
TABLE 2 germination time and germination Rate of cattail pollen seeds with different soaking times
| Soaking time | Germination time (Tian) | Germination percentage (%) |
| Does not soak | 7-20 | 56％ |
| For 2 hours | 7-20 | 60％ |
| For 6 hours | 6-15 | 76％ |
| For 10 hours | 7-12 | 93％ |
| 14 hours | 7-11 | 96％ |
| 18 hours | 6-10 | 91％ |
| 24 hours | 6-9 | 74％ |
From the above data, it is clear that the soaking time can affect the germination time and germination rate. Specifically, the seed which is not soaked or the seed which is soaked for a short time has longer germination time, the germination rate of the seed is lower within 20 days, the seed can be expressed as uneven growth vigor of the seedling in large-scale planting, and the dominant seedling which finally grows to more than 30cm is less; the soaking time is too long, although the germination time can be shortened to a certain extent, the germination rate of the seeds can be influenced due to long-time soaking of the seeds, and in addition, the soaked seeds are too much in water absorption and inconvenient to measure and broadcast; comprehensively, the seeds with the soaking time of 10-18 hours have moderate water absorption, are convenient to measure and broadcast, have shorter germination time and have highest germination rate; seeds soaked for about 14 hours can achieve the best effect of germination time and germination rate.
Example 3 base fertilizer variety screening
1. Harvesting cattail rods in the late 10 months for seed reserving;
2. soaking the cattail in clear water for about 14 hours at room temperature in the middle of 5 months, and drying in the shade;
3. selecting a land with a soil layer thickness of 60+/-5 cm, dividing the land into untreated chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure, horse manure and fermented and decomposed synthetic farmyard manure according to 550kg/776m respectively 2 Is pre-mixed with soil in the ratio of 2:1, then evenly sowed, and the pretreated seeds are added in the proportion of 40ml/m 2 (sparseness), 70ml/m 2 (moderate), 100ml/m 2 Sowing at three sowing densities, and covering with soil by 0.5+/-0.2 cm;
4. the soil humidity is controlled to be 30+/-5% by adopting a fixed quantity sprinkling irrigation mode, and the height of typha seedlings is measured in the last 11 months of the same year.
TABLE 3 germination Rate and growth vigor of pollen Typhae seeds with different base fertilizers
In the test process, the application of the fertilizer can obviously improve the germination rate of seeds, wherein the chicken manure application group, the sheep manure application group and the cow manure application group have similar effects on promoting the germination of the seeds, and the application of the fertilizer is characterized in that the number of the adult plants is higher and similar; the number of the adult plants of the horse manure application group and the synthetic fertilizer group is obviously smaller.
Furthermore, for the non-fertilized group, the soil fertility is obviously insufficient, the number of germinated seedlings is obviously less than that of other fertilized groups, and most of the germinated seedlings grow less than 30cm at the statistical end point;
for the chicken manure application group, the chicken manure has a good promoting effect on seed germination, the fertilizer efficiency duration is long, the overall growth vigor of seedlings is good, and each group is optimal in transverse comparison of plant number and growth vigor at the statistical end point. From this, it can be seen that the chicken manure as the base fertilizer has better efficacy on seed germination and growth. This may be related to the high nitrogen, phosphorus and protein content of chicken manure, as well as the various trace elements.
For the sheep manure and cow manure application groups, the action of the sheep manure and cow manure is similar, the germination of seeds can be promoted to a certain extent in the initial stage, the germination rate of the seeds in the early stage is high, but the growth vigor of seedlings is weaker, each group is finally embodied as the number of plants similar to that of the chicken manure application groups, but the overall growth vigor is inferior to that of the chicken manure application groups, and the large-scale production needs to be optimized by adding the fertilization times or thinning adjustment density through topdressing;
for the application groups of horse manure and synthetic farmyard manure, the germination effect and fertility of the stored seeds are poor, the number of plants and the overall growth vigor are poor at the statistical end point, and the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing times are required to be improved in large-scale production or the thinning treatment adjustment density is required to be optimized.
In another hillock test field run in parallel, each group also showed a tendency to be substantially consistent with the present test field.
Example 4 base fertilizer usage screening
The same planting method as in example 3 was used,
1. selecting land with soil layer thickness of 60+ -5 cm, mixing untreated chicken manure with the weight of 250kg/776m 2 、400kg/776m 2 、550kg/776m 2 、700kg/776m 2 、850kg/776m 2 Is used in an amount of about 2:1, is pre-mixed with soil and then uniformly spread, and is about 40ml/m 2 (sparseness), 70ml/m 2 (moderate), 100ml/m 2 Sowing at three sowing densities, and covering with soil by 0.5+/-0.2 cm;
2. the soil humidity is controlled to be 30+/-5% by adopting a fixed quantity sprinkling irrigation mode, and the height of typha seedlings is measured in the last 11 months of the same year. The results were as follows:
TABLE 4 germination Rate and growth vigor of pollen Typhae seeds with different base fertilizer amounts
During the test, we found that the ratio was 850kg/776m 2 All other fertilizing amount groups except the fertilizing amount group show a certain effect of promoting seed germination.
Specifically, for 250kg/776m 2 The fertilization amount group is obviously insufficient in soil fertility, and most seedlings are lower than 30cm in height and poor in growth vigor at the statistical end point although the number of initial germinated seedlings is only smaller than that of other fertilization groups with the same planting density;
for 850kg/776m 2 The fertilization amount group has obvious excessive fertility, and is characterized in that the germination rate of the planting densities of the three groups is low, and obvious seedling burning phenomenon occurs.
For 400kg/776m 2 、550kg/776m 2 And 700kg/776m 2 The fertilizing amount group has better promoting effect on seed germination, the fertilizer efficiency duration is enough to cover a growing period, the whole growth vigor of seedlings is better, and each group is optimal in transverse comparison of plant number and growth vigor at the statistical end point; due to the approach to the critical value, 700kg/776m 2 The dense group in the fertilizing amount group had signs of subsequent deficiency, while the sparse group in the group also had signs of slight seedling burning; combining germination rate and growth vigor, consider 550kg/776m 2 The germination rate of each fertilization amount group is highest, and the growth vigor is best and most uniform.
400kg/776m of 2 、550kg/776m 2 And 700kg/776m 2 10 seedlings obtained by the fertilizer application amount group are respectively measured, the growth indexes such as root length, new stem thickness, leaf number and the like are measured, the root length is more than 10cm, the new stem thickness is more than 6mm, and the average leaf is obtainedThe number of the tablets is more than 5.
Comprehensive plant height and growth index post-evaluation were considered: the typha seedlings obtained by the three application amount groups have a supporting degree in winter and can germinate smoothly in the second year.
In another hillock test field run in parallel, each group also showed a tendency to be substantially consistent with the present test field.
Example 5 transplanting planting
The next year, 550kg/776m of example 4 was used 2 The plants with the fertilizing amount are transplanted and planted according to the planting method of the PF-1 land parcels of the embodiment 1 of the Chinese patent CN109122073A, wherein the rate (survival rate) of germination again in the first year after the transplanting is as follows:
TABLE 6 survival rates and harvesting indices of typha seedlings of different groups
The typha seedling obtained by the cultivation method has strong root and seedling growth, has higher survival rate after transplanting, can exert the advantages of the cultivation method to the greatest extent, meets the requirement of batch cultivation, and in subsequent cultivation, the typha seedling has stronger growth vigor, and is expected to obtain better harvesting period and harvest than the typha seedling obtained by adopting the modes of collecting wild seedlings, transplanting rhizomes and the like.
By combining all the above embodiments, the method for cultivating the medicinal typha seedlings from the seeds realizes artificial cultivation of typha seedlings by regulating and controlling the steps of sowing quantity, seed pretreatment, fertilization and the like in the seedling cultivation process, greatly improves the yield of typha seedlings, solves the problem of limited quantity of wild typha seedlings, ensures the germination rate and survival rate of the seeds, ensures thicker typha seedlings, and further solves the problems of scattered distribution and chaotic varieties of medicinal typha pollen; the method is simple to operate, meets the requirement of large-area planting, realizes nearby planting, and has good technical popularization prospect.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for cultivating medicinal typha seedlings comprises the steps of seed selection, seed pretreatment, base fertilizer application, sowing and irrigation, and is characterized in that the seed pretreatment comprises the steps of soaking typha seeds in clear water at room temperature for 10-18 hours, wherein the base fertilizer application is untreated chicken manure, and the application amount is 500-600 kg/667m 2 The sowing quantity of the sowing is 60-80 ml/m 2 The sowing depth is 0.5+/-0.2 cm; the irrigation step needs to maintain the soil humidity at 20-40%; the soil layer thickness in the sowing step is 50-90 cm; the method is used in sandy loam areas.
2. A method for cultivating cattail seedlings for medical use according to claim 1, characterized in that said base fertilizer is applied in an amount of 550kg/667m 2 。
3. A method of growing typha seedlings for medical use according to claim 1, wherein said seed is pre-treated for a soaking time of 14±1 hour.
4. A method for cultivating cattail seedlings for medical use as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing amount of said sowing is 70ml/m 2 。
5. A method of growing typha seedlings for pharmaceutical use according to claim 1, wherein said watering step is carried out with soil moisture maintained at 30 ± 5%; the soil layer thickness in the sowing step is 60+/-5 cm.
6. A method of growing typha seedlings for medical use according to claim 1, wherein said method is carried out for a period of time from 9 to 10 months.
7. A method for cultivating typha seedlings for medical use, which is characterized in that the method is carried out in sandy soil in inner mongolian areas and comprises the following steps:
(1) Harvesting cattail rods in the late 10 months for seed reserving;
(2) Soaking the cattail in clear water for about 14 hours at room temperature in the middle of 5 months for later use;
(3) Selecting land with soil layer thickness of 60+ -5 cm, and mixing 550kg/776m 2 The chicken manure is pre-mixed with soil according to the proportion of 2:1 and then evenly scattered, and the ratio of the chicken manure to the soil is 70ml/m 2 Sowing and covering soil by 0.5+/-0.2 cm;
(4) The soil humidity is controlled to be 30+/-5% by adopting a fixed quantity sprinkling irrigation mode.
8. A method for planting typha gigantea, which is characterized in that the method is carried out in sandy soil in inner Mongolia areas and comprises the following steps:
(1) Harvesting cattail rods in the late 10 months for seed reserving;
(2) Soaking the cattail in clear water for about 14 hours at room temperature in the middle of 5 months for later use;
(3) Selecting land with soil layer thickness of 60+ -5 cm, and mixing 550kg/776m 2 The chicken manure is pre-mixed with soil according to the proportion of 2:1 and then evenly scattered, and the ratio of the chicken manure to the soil is 70ml/m 2 Sowing and covering soil by 0.5+/-0.2 cm;
(4) Controlling the soil humidity to be 30+/-5% by adopting a fixed quantity sprinkling irrigation mode;
(5) Transplanting typha seedlings at plant row spacing of 30+/-3 cm multiplied by 45+/-3 cm in the middle 5 months of the second year;
(6) In the next year after transplanting, the cattail seedlings in the last 4 th month are fertilized by untreated sheep manure, wherein the total application amount of the sheep manure is 370kg/667m 2 The administration was divided into 3 administrations, each of which was 10 days apart.
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| CN104106328A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-22 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Cattail pollen seed geminating method |
| CN109122073A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-01-04 | 广东众生药业股份有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of medicinal cattail |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104106328A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-10-22 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Cattail pollen seed geminating method |
| CN109122073A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-01-04 | 广东众生药业股份有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of medicinal cattail |
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