CN112289487B - 一种新型耐高温阻燃高导电的电动车线束及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种新型耐高温阻燃高导电的电动车线束及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112289487B
CN112289487B CN202011023773.3A CN202011023773A CN112289487B CN 112289487 B CN112289487 B CN 112289487B CN 202011023773 A CN202011023773 A CN 202011023773A CN 112289487 B CN112289487 B CN 112289487B
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芮基清
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Abstract

本发明属于电动车的线束材料领域，提供了一种新型耐高温阻燃高导电的电动车用线束及其制备方法。所述线束包括铜导线、端子与保护线管；其中所述的铜导线由铜基复合材料组成；所述端子是由铜金属材料制备所得，所述保护线管包括硅胶型‑PVP复合材料。线束具体通过以下方法制备得到：将硅胶型‑PVP复合材料保护管包裹住多根铜导线，然后利用焊接技术将铜导线焊接在端子内，使得铜导线和端子连接，最后即得所述电动车用线束。本发明的原材料简单，且制备得到线束导电性能良好，抗氧化性能强，耐高温，具有较好阻燃性能。

Description

一种新型耐高温阻燃高导电的电动车线束及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于电动车的线束材料领域，尤其是涉及一种新型耐高温阻燃高导电的电动车线束及其制备方法。
背景技术
电动车线属于整个电动车的核心部件，相当于一个电动车的血管，通过这些电束将蓄电池的电源输出给电机、控制系统、照明系统、辅助系统，以此达到驱动电动车前行后退的目的。而整个电动车线的载体就是电动车线束。
其中，电动车线束包括主线束和支路线束，可以按照电动车的系统配置分类。主线束分为蓄电池供电系统线束、电源开关线束、控制系统主供线束；分支线束分为照明信号线束、控制系统信号线束、组合开关线束等。照明信号系统线束可分为前灯、前转向灯、后灯、后转向灯、刹车灯、牌照灯线束等，线束与线束之间以及线束与电子元器件之间一般采用塑料接插件连接。一般厂家多用接插件的孔数不同来区分。整车主电路线束大多以控制器为中心，分别向车身前后延伸。
电动车在使用过程中存在很多故障，导致电动车使用寿命降低且存在安全隐患。比如，当电动车处于长时间大电流状态，线束有可能着火、短路，容易导致严重的交通事故，对人民生命存在很大威胁。因此我们急需要一种具有耐高温、阻燃性能的线束。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题，本发明申请人提供了耐高温阻燃高导电的电动车线束及其制备方法。本发明的原材料简单，且制备得到线束导电性能良好，抗氧化性能强，具有较好的耐高温、阻燃特性。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种新型耐高温阻燃高导电的电动车用线束，所述线束包括铜导线、端子与保护线管；其中所述的铜导线由铜基复合材料组成；所述端子是由铜金属材料制备所得，所述保护线管包括硅胶型-PVP复合材料。
所述的铜基复合材料为表面包裹熔融一层石墨烯-锡镀，以及铜内芯；所述石墨烯-锡镀层与铜内芯层通过高温熔融渗透方式结合。
所述铜基复合材料通过以下制备方法得到：
S1：将金属锡放入高温真空炉中加热熔融除杂，随后加入石墨烯，在惰性气体氛围中，搅拌混均，得到石墨烯-锡镀融液，保持温度恒定；
S2：选取铜丝即铜内芯，将铜丝放入强酸中浸泡20-30min，取出晾干待用；
S3：将步骤S2所得铜丝浸入步骤S1中所得石墨烯-锡镀融液中，待铜丝完全浸末30min-2h，取出快速冷却至室温，即得铜基复合材料。
步骤S1中熔融温度300-600℃。
步骤S1中所述石墨烯添加量为金属锡重量的0.5-2％。
步骤S2中所述强酸为硝酸。
步骤S2中所述铜内芯直径为1-3mm。
所述端子通过以下方法制备得到：
S1：将B2O3、丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物混合，之后加入Al2O3、SiO2、氧化石墨烯烯搅拌混合，形成预涂料；
S2：选取铜材料；
S3：将步骤S1中所得预涂料涂覆在S2所述铜材料表层，得到膜厚度为≦0.1mm的保护膜；
S4：将步骤S3中所得涂覆有保护膜的铜材料在450-550℃条件下加热，之后进行热挤压定型得到常规形状的端子。
一种新型抗氧化高导电的电动车线束的制备方法，具体制备方法如下：将保护线管包裹住多根铜导线，然后利用焊接技术将铜导线焊接在端子内，使得铜导线和端子连接，最后即得所述电动车用线束。
所述铜导线根数为5-15根。
本发明有益的技术效果在于：
本发明采用石墨烯与锡熔融得到铜基复合材料，进一步增强了材料导电、耐高温等性能，也可以通过锡与石墨烯熔融深入铜基材中协同增强材料的抗氧化性能铜导线，且铜基材在使用前用酸浸泡清除了铜表面的氧化层，使得石墨烯-锡熔融能更好与铜基结合，即可以增强融合度，又可以提高铜基的表面纯度，进一步增强材料的各项机械性能。采用硅胶型-PVP复合材料可以进一步提高铜基的耐腐蚀和奶老化性能，增强韧性。
在制备端子的过程中，采用了将铜与Al2O3、SiO2具有较强抗氧化性能的无机材料结合，进一步增强端子的抗氧化性能，同时利用B2O3不仅仅作为普通熔化剂的作用，同时也可以作为抗氧化剂，与Al2O3、SiO2协同增强铜导线的抗氧化性能，使得线束在使用过程中，不会因为端子氧化腐蚀而减弱其导电性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例，对本发明进行具体描述。
实施例1
铜导线的制备：
S1：将金属锡放入高温真空炉中加热300℃熔融除杂，随后加入石墨烯，在氮气惰性气体氛围中，搅拌混均，得到石墨烯-锡镀融液，保持温度恒定，其中石墨烯添加量为金属锡重量的0.5％；
S2：选取铜丝即铜内芯，将铜丝放入强酸中浸泡20min，取出晾干待用；
S3：将步骤S2所得铜丝浸入步骤S1中所得石墨烯-锡镀融液中，待铜丝完全浸末30min，取出快速冷却至室温，即得铜基复合材料。
端子的制备方法：
S1：将B2O3、丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物混合，之后加入Al2O3、SiO2、氧化石墨烯烯搅拌混合，形成预涂料；
S2：选取铜材料；
S3：将步骤S1中所得预涂料涂覆在S2所述铜材料表层，得到膜厚度为0.05mm的保护膜；
S4：将步骤S3中所得涂覆有保护膜的铜材料在450℃条件下加热，之后进行热挤压定型得到常规形状的端子。
线束的制备方法：
选取10根铜导线，使用硅胶型-PVP复合导线保护管包裹住铜导线，并利用焊接技术将铜导线焊接在端子内，使得铜导线和端子连接，即得所述电动车线束。
实施例2
S1：将金属锡放入高温真空炉中加热到500℃熔融除杂，随后加入石墨烯，在氩气惰性气体氛围中，搅拌混均，得到石墨烯-锡镀融液，保持温度恒定，其中石墨烯添加量为金属锡重量的1％；
S2：选取铜丝即铜内芯，将铜丝放入强酸中浸泡25min，取出晾干待用；
S3：将步骤S2所得铜丝浸入步骤S1中所得石墨烯-锡镀融液中，待铜丝完全浸末2h，取出快速冷却至室温，即得铜基复合材料。
端子的制备方法：
S1：将B2O3、丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物混合，之后加入Al2O3、SiO2、氧化石墨烯搅拌混合，形成预涂料；
S2：选取铜材料；
S3：将步骤S1中所得预涂料涂覆在S2所述铜材料表层，得到膜厚度为0.1mm的保护膜；
S4：将步骤S3中所得涂覆有保护膜的铜材料在500℃条件下加热，之后进行热挤压定型得到常规形状的端子。
线束的制备方法：
选取5根铜导线，使用PVP复合导线保护管包裹住铜导线，并利用焊接技术将铜导线焊接在端子内，使得铜导线和端子连接，即得所述电动车线束。
实施例3
S1：将金属锡放入高温真空炉中加热到600℃熔融除杂，随后加入石墨烯，在氩气惰性气体氛围中，搅拌混均，得到石墨烯-锡镀融液，保持温度恒定，其中石墨烯添加量为金属锡重量的2％；
S2：选取铜丝即铜内芯，将铜丝放入强酸中浸泡1h，取出晾干待用；
S3：将步骤S2所得铜丝浸入步骤S1中所得石墨烯-锡镀融液中，待铜丝完全浸末1h，取出快速冷却至室温，即得铜基复合材料。
端子的制备方法：
S1：将B2O3、丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物混合，之后加入Al2O3、SiO2、氧化石墨烯搅拌混合，形成预涂料；
S2：选取铜材料；
S3：将步骤S1中所得预涂料涂覆在S2所述铜材料表层，得到膜厚度为0.1mm的保护膜；
S4：将步骤S3中所得涂覆有保护膜的铜材料在550℃条件下加热，之后进行热挤压定型得到常规形状的端子。
线束的制备方法：
选取15根铜导线，使用PVP复合导线保护管包裹住铜导线，并利用焊接技术将铜导线焊接在端子内，使得铜导线和端子连接，即得所述电动车线束。

Claims (6)

1.一种新型耐高温阻燃高导电的电动车线束，其特征在于，所述线束包括铜导线、端子与保护线管；其中所述的铜导线由铜基复合材料组成；所述端子是由铜金属材料制备所得，所述保护线管包括硅胶型-PVP复合材料；将保护线管包裹住多根铜导线，然后利用焊接技术将铜导线焊接在端子内，使得铜导线和端子连接，最后即得所述电动车线束；
所述铜基复合材料为表面包裹熔融一层石墨烯-锡镀，以及铜内芯；所述石墨烯-锡镀层与铜内芯层通过高温熔融渗透方式结合；
所述铜基复合材料通过以下制备方法得到：
S1：将金属锡放入高温真空炉中加热熔融除杂，随后加入石墨烯，在惰性气体氛围中，搅拌混均，得到石墨烯-锡镀融液，保持温度恒定；
S2：选取铜丝即铜内芯，将铜丝放入强酸中浸泡20-30min，取出晾干待用；
S3：将步骤S2所得铜丝浸入步骤S1中所得石墨烯-锡镀融液中，待铜丝完全浸末30min-2h，取出快速冷却至室温，即得铜基复合材料；
所述端子通过以下方法制备得到：
（1）：将B2O3、丙烯腈-苯乙烯共聚物混合，之后加入Al2O3、SiO2、氧化石墨烯搅拌混合，形成预涂料；
（2）：选取铜材料；
（3）：将步骤（1）中所得预涂料涂覆在步骤（2）所述铜材料表层，得到膜厚度为≦0.1mm的保护膜；
（4）：将步骤（3）中所得涂覆有保护膜的铜材料在450-550℃条件下加热，之后进行热挤压定型得到常规形状的端子。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电动车线束，其特征在于，步骤S1中熔融温度300-600℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电动车线束，其特征在于，步骤S1中所述石墨烯添加量为金属锡重量的0.5-2%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电动车线束，其特征在于，步骤S2中所述强酸为硝酸。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电动车线束，其特征在于，步骤S2中所述铜内芯直径为1-3mm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电动车线束，其特征在于，所述铜导线根数为5-15根。
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