CN112266459B - 一种高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112266459B
CN112266459B CN202011214358.6A CN202011214358A CN112266459B CN 112266459 B CN112266459 B CN 112266459B CN 202011214358 A CN202011214358 A CN 202011214358A CN 112266459 B CN112266459 B CN 112266459B
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杨恒
高波
林明清
吴传清
周运波
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Abstract

本发明属于复合乳液技术领域,具体是涉及到一种高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液,包括如下重量份组分,聚己二酸已二醇/一缩二乙二醇酯二醇20‑30份,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯6‑8份,二月桂酸二丁基锡0.3‑0.8份,重量浓度低于20%的盐酸溶液0.5‑1.5份,二羟甲基丙酸4‑7份,去离子水100‑150份,聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇20‑30份,本发明的聚氨酯乳液固含量高,透水气性、透气性和耐磨性好。

Description

一种高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于复合乳液技术领域,具体是涉及到一种高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法。
背景技术
水性聚氨酯(WPU)不仅性能优越,而且环境友好。近年来,在胶粘剂、涂料、油墨等领域,水性聚氨酯正在逐渐代替溶剂型聚氨酯。
然而,由于水的蒸发热比常用有机溶剂高,相同固含量下,水性聚氨酯中的水比溶剂型聚氨酯中的溶剂挥发速度慢,干燥时间长,难以满足现代生产线高效率的要求。
此外,水性聚氨酯在实际应用中还存在许多缺点,如初粘力小、力学性能较低、耐水性差等,无法满足实际应用的需要。因此,生产高固含量水性聚氨酯产品,是水性聚氨酯乳液的发展方向之一。但是,制备高固含量水性聚氨酯也存在一些问题,比如水性聚氨酯乳胶颗粒的空间堆积密度有限制、体系黏度高导致乳液不稳定等。
目前的研究中,高固含量低黏度水性聚氨酯的制备一般是从增大乳胶颗粒的空间堆积密度和减小水合层角度上,通过改变基础配方、乳化工艺等方面进行改进。例如,卫晓利等(用磺酸型亲水扩链剂制备高固含量聚氨酯乳液[J].高分子学报,2010,33(1):29-32.)以1,2-二羟基-3-丙磺酸钠(DHPA)为亲水扩链剂,合成了固含量高达61%的磺酸型水性聚氨酯,但其使用的亲水扩链剂价格昂贵,且所制备聚氨酯产品的耐水性较差。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液及其制备方法,本发明的聚氨酯乳液固含量高,透水气性、透气性和耐磨性好。
本发明的内容为一种高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液,包括如下重量份组分,聚己二酸已二醇/一缩二乙二醇酯二醇20-30份,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯6-8份,二月桂酸二丁基锡0.3-0.8份,重量浓度低于20%的盐酸溶液0.5-1.5份,二羟甲基丙酸4-7份,去离子水100-150份,聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇20-30份。
优选的,包括如下重量份组分,聚己二酸已二醇/一缩二乙二醇酯二醇22份,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯7份,二月桂酸二丁基锡0.5份,重量浓度低于20%的盐酸溶液1份,二羟甲基丙酸5份,去离子水120份,聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇22份。
盐酸溶液的重量浓度为15%。
所述高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液的固含量为75%-80%。
所述聚己二酸已二醇/一缩二乙二醇酯二醇购买自广东翁江化学试剂有限公司,编号为68647-16-5,分析纯AR。
所述聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇购买自武汉拉那白医药化工有限公司,编号为68647-16-5。
本发明提供一种高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法,步骤为,将聚己二酸已二醇/一缩二乙二醇酯二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和二月桂酸二丁基锡在70-80℃条件下混合一段时间,加入盐酸溶液反应,然后缓慢加入二羟甲基丙酸,反应一段时间后,降温至50-55℃,调pH值至中性,加入到去离子水中,得到WPU乳液;
将聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和二月桂酸二丁基锡在70-80℃条件下混合一段时间,加入盐酸溶液反应,然后缓慢加入二羟甲基丙酸,反应一段时间后,降温至50-55℃,调pH值至中性,得到WPU预聚体;
将WPU预聚体加入到WPU乳液中,得到高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液。
上述WPU乳液和WPU预聚体的制备方法中,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二月桂酸二丁基锡、盐酸溶液、二羟甲基丙酸都按照组分总重量减半,比如:本乳液如下重量份组分时,聚己二酸已二醇/一缩二乙二醇酯二醇22份,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯7份,二月桂酸二丁基锡0.5份,重量浓度低于20%的盐酸溶液1份,二羟甲基丙酸5份,去离子水120份,聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇22份。
WPU乳液的制备方法中,其他组分的含量减半,即:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为3.5份,二月桂酸二丁基锡0.25份,重量浓度低于20%的盐酸溶液0.5份,二羟甲基丙酸2.5份。同样的,WPU预聚体的制备方法中,其他组分的含量也减半。这些组分的总含量不变。
70-80℃条件下混合的时间为110-120min。加入盐酸溶液反应的反应时间为1-3min。加入二羟甲基丙酸,反应时间为100-110min。调pH值至中性的pH值为6.7-7.5。
本发明的有益效果为,本发明的聚氨酯乳液固含量高,透水气性、透气性和耐磨性好。
具体实施方式
实施例1
在具有搅拌和冷凝功能的反应釜中加入干燥的P(E/DE)A(聚己二酸已二醇/一缩二乙二醇酯二醇),IPDI(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯),滴加少量的DBTDL(二月桂酸二丁基锡),在70-80℃下反应110-120min,之后加入浓度低于20%的稀盐酸反应1-3min,然后缓慢加入DMPA(二羟甲基丙酸),反应100-110min后降温至50-55℃,中和至pH为7.0±0.5,得到预聚体P(E/DE)A,将预聚体分散于去离子水中即得WPU乳液[P(E/DE)A-WPU]。按上法将P(E/DE)A替换为PEA(聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇),制得WPU预聚体PEA-WPU,将预聚体乳化在上述一定质量的P(E/DE)A-WPU乳液中,利用粒子直径差异从而得到高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液。
配方(单位kg):P(E/DE)A:IPDI:DBTDL:稀盐酸:DMPA:去离子水:PEA=22:7:0.5:1:5:120:22。
对比例1
在具有搅拌和冷凝功能的反应釜中加入干燥的P(E/DE)A(聚己二酸已二醇/一缩二乙二醇酯二醇),IPDI(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯),滴加少量的DBTDL(二月桂酸二丁基锡),在70-80℃下反应110-120min,之后加入浓度低于20%的稀盐酸反应1-3min,然后缓慢加入DMPA(二羟甲基丙酸),反应100-110min后降温至50-55℃,中和至pH为7.0±0.5,得到预聚体P(E/DE)A,将预聚体分散于去离子水中即得WPU乳液[P(E/DE)A-WPU]。
对比例2
在具有搅拌和冷凝功能的反应釜中加入干燥的PEA(聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇),IPDI(异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯),滴加少量的DBTDL(二月桂酸二丁基锡),在70-80℃下反应110-120min,之后加入浓度低于20%的稀盐酸反应1-3min,然后缓慢加入DMPA(二羟甲基丙酸),反应100-110min后降温至50-55℃,中和至pH为7.0±0.5,得到预聚体PEA,将预聚体分散于去离子水中即得WPU乳液[PEA-WPU]。
实验例1
根据SH/T 1154-2011标准进行固含量测试。
称取30g的乳液倒入聚四氟乙烯模具中,在室温下自然干燥36h后,置于烘箱中于45℃的条件下干燥4h,于80℃的条件下干燥4h。制备厚度约l mm的PUA胶膜,将胶膜放置在透湿测试仪中按照ASTM E96标准测试透水汽性/透气性(温州方圆-YG501D),以及放置在耐磨试验机中进行耐磨测试(东莞大中-DZ204)。得到如下实验数据。
物质 固含量 透水汽性/mg/(10cm2.24h) 透气性/ml/(cm2.h) 耐磨性(圈数/转)
实施例1 75-80% 0.39 10.18 252
对比例1 40-50% 0.22 4.23 104
对比例2 30-40% 0.29 5.17 78
从上述数据,可以明显看出,本申请的固含量较高,且透水气性、透气性和耐磨性好。

Claims (8)

1.一种高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征是,包括如下重量份组分,聚己二酸己 二醇/一缩二乙二醇酯二醇20-30份,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯6-8份,二月桂酸二丁基锡0.3-0.8份,重量浓度低于20%的盐酸溶液0.5-1.5份,二羟甲基丙酸4-7份,去离子水100-150份,聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇20-30份;
所述的高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液的制备方法,步骤为,
将聚己二酸己 二醇/一缩二乙二醇酯二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和二月桂酸二丁基锡在70-80℃条件下混合一段时间,加入盐酸溶液反应,然后缓慢加入二羟甲基丙酸,反应一段时间后,降温至50-55℃,调pH值至中性,加入到去离子水中,得到WPU乳液;
将聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和二月桂酸二丁基锡在70-80℃条件下混合一段时间,加入盐酸溶液反应,然后缓慢加入二羟甲基丙酸,反应一段时间后,降温至50-55℃,调pH值至中性,得到WPU预聚体;
将WPU预聚体加入到WPU乳液中,得到高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液。
2.如权利要求1所述的高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征是,包括如下重量份组分,聚己二酸己二醇/一缩二乙二醇酯二醇22份,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯7份,二月桂酸二丁基锡0.5份,重量浓度低于20%的盐酸溶液1份,二羟甲基丙酸5份,去离子水120份,聚己二酸乙二醇酯二醇22份。
3.如权利要求1所述的高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征是,盐酸溶液的重量浓度为15%。
4.如权利要求1所述的高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征是,所述高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液的固含量为75%-80%。
5.如权利要求1所述的高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征是,70-80℃条件下混合的时间为110-120min。
6.如权利要求1所述的高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征是,加入盐酸溶液反应的反应时间为1-3min。
7.如权利要求1所述的高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征是,加入二羟甲基丙酸,反应时间为100-110min。
8.如权利要求1所述的高固含量水性聚氨酯乳液,其特征是,调pH值至中性的pH值为6.7-7.5。
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