CN111393596A - 一种蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN111393596A
CN111393596A CN202010253451.1A CN202010253451A CN111393596A CN 111393596 A CN111393596 A CN 111393596A CN 202010253451 A CN202010253451 A CN 202010253451A CN 111393596 A CN111393596 A CN 111393596A
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贾润萍
王大洋
徐小威
吴丹丹
史继超
何新耀
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液及其制备方法。原料包括二异氰酸酯、低聚物多元醇、蓖麻油、亲水扩链剂、小分子扩链剂、中和剂、有机溶剂、催化剂及余量的去离子水。首先利用二异氰酸酯、低聚物多元醇及蓖麻油为原料制备出蓖麻油改性的聚氨酯预聚体,再加入亲水扩链剂、小分子扩链剂及中和剂,最后加入去离子水乳化。本发明用蓖麻油代替石油多元醇合成聚氨酯,缓解了水性聚氨酯对石油资源的依赖程度,降低生产成本;蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯可提高其耐水性、耐化学性、耐候性、柔软性等;采用内乳化法合成改性纳米乳液,制备工艺简单,对聚氨酯工业的发展具有重要的战略意义。

Description

一种蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液及其制备方法,尤其涉及一种蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液及其制备方法,属于高分子材料技术领域。
背景技术
聚氨酯多以溶剂型为主,在生产和使用过程中,溶剂的挥发和残存在制品中的溶剂会对施工人员和使用人员的健康构成严重的威胁。近年来随着人们环保意识的增强,政府环保法律法规的颁布,以水代替有机溶剂作为分散介质的水性聚氨酯迅速发展起来。
水性聚氨酯不仅具有溶剂型聚氨酯耐低温、耐磨性好、粘着力强等优点,还具有无污染、低挥发、运输安全、工作环境好等特点,可以应用于涂料、胶粘剂、油墨、水性皮革涂饰剂等方面,越来越受到人们的重视。而聚酯或聚醚多元醇是生产聚氨酯树脂的主要原料之一,基本都是取自石油资源。但是,随着全球石油资源短缺、价格上涨等问题的日益严峻,寻找合适的石油资源的替代品逐渐成为全球各国所面临的重要的问题。生物资源由于其可再生性、价格低廉,正得到全世界广泛地关注,在各个领域中大量使用生物质资源也是社会发展的必然趋势。
蓖麻油是一种天然可再生资源,产量丰富,价格低廉,又具有可降解性及对环境无污染的优点。其主要成分是蓖麻油酸的甘油酯,羟值为163mg KOH/g,羟基平均官能度为2.7左右,这种特殊的结构为其合成聚氨酯提供理论依据。蓖麻油可以代替部分多元醇或扩链剂使用,其组分中的长链非极性脂肪酸链可以提高聚氨酯的耐水性和弹性,使改性后的聚氨酯具有良好的柔软性、耐曲挠性以及耐寒性,可以进一步拓宽其应用领域。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题:如何缓解水性聚氨酯对石油资源的依赖程度,以及水性聚氨酯存在的耐水、耐化学、耐候等性能较差的问题。
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液,其特征在于,原料包括以下按质量百分比计的组分:
Figure BDA0002436341780000011
Figure BDA0002436341780000021
优选地,所述的二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)中的任意一种或一种以上。
优选地,所述的低聚物多元醇为聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBA)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG)、聚氧化乙烯二醇(PEG)、聚己二酸己二醇和蓖麻油中的任意一种或一种以上。
优选地,所述的亲水扩链剂为2,2-二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)、2,2-二羟甲基丁酸(DMBA)和N120中的任意一种或一种以上。
优选地,所述的小分子扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇(BDO)和1,6-己二醇(HDO) 中的任意一种或一种以上。
优选地,所述的中和剂为氢氧化钠、氨水、三乙胺(TEA)和环氧氯丙烷中的任意一种或一种以上。
优选地,所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、四甲基丁二胺和三亚乙基二胺中的任意一种或一种以上。
优选地,所述的有机溶剂为丙酮、甲乙酮和二甲基甲酰胺任意一种或一种以上。
本发明还提供了上述蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1):将低聚物多元醇和蓖麻油在110~140℃下真空脱水60~90min;降温至100~110℃后,加入亲水扩链剂真空脱水30~60min;然后降温至75~ 90℃,在氮气氛围下滴加二异氰酸酯,滴加结束后反应40~60min,再滴加催化剂,再保温反应60~90min,得到蓖麻油改性的聚氨酯预聚体;
步骤2):将蓖麻油改性的聚氨酯预聚体降温至40~60℃,加入小分子扩链剂反应60~90min;期间若黏度变大,加入有机溶剂进行降黏;
步骤3):将步骤2)得到的产物降温至25~40℃,加入中和剂反应40~70min;
步骤4):在步骤3)得到的产物中加入去离子水进行乳化并提高转速,乳化时间为30~40min,最后减压蒸馏去除有机溶剂,制得蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液。
本发明利用生物质原料蓖麻油代替石油多元醇合成聚氨酯,减少对石油资源的依赖,还能够降低生产成本;通过蓖麻油改性提高其耐水性、耐化学性、耐候性、柔软性等,扩大应用领域;采用内乳化法合成蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液,制备工艺简单,易于生产;粒径大小决定乳液分散体系的稳定性,所以小粒径有利于乳液储存。
本发明经粒径分析仪测试粒径为15~30nm,分散指数为0.070~0.700;根据GB-1725-79标准法测得固含量为25%~30%。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液的粒径分析图;
图2为实施例2制得的蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液的粒径分析图;
图3为实施例3制得的蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液的粒径分析图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明更明显易懂,兹以优选实施例,并配合附图作详细说明如下。
实施例1-3中所用的原料除下述特殊说明外,其它均购于上海探索平台。 PBA-2000购自上海佳化化学有限公司、二月桂酸二丁基锡购自上海国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
实施例1-3中采用LS-POP(9)激光粒度分析仪进行乳液的粒径测定,介质折射率设定为1.76±0.05i,分散剂折射率设定为1.333;根据gB-1725-79标准乙法:表面皿法,进行固含量的测量。
实施例1
一、原料配比
Figure BDA0002436341780000031
Figure BDA0002436341780000041
二、制备方法
(1)将低聚物多元醇和蓖麻油在120℃下真空脱水90min;降温至105℃后,加入亲水扩链剂真空脱水30min。然后降温至85℃,在氮气氛围下滴加二异氰酸酯,滴加结束后反应60min,再滴加催化剂,再保温反应70min。得到蓖麻油改性的聚氨酯预聚体。
(2)降温至50℃,向预聚体中加入小分子扩链剂反应60min。期间若黏度变大,适当加入有机溶剂进行降黏。
(3)最后降温至35℃,加入中和剂反应50min。
(4)加入一定量去离子水进行乳化并提高转速,乳化时间为30min,样品进行减压蒸馏去除有机溶剂,制备出蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液。
所得蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液,经粒径分析仪测试粒径为19.72nm (如图1所示),分散指数为0.143;根据GB-1725-79标准乙法:表面皿法,测得固含量为32.30%。
实施例2
一、原料配比
Figure BDA0002436341780000042
Figure BDA0002436341780000051
二、制备方法
(1)将低聚物多元醇和蓖麻油在120℃下真空脱水90min;降温至105℃后,加入亲水扩链剂真空脱水40min。然后降温至85℃,在氮气氛围下滴加二异氰酸酯,滴加结束后反应60min,再滴加催化剂,再保温反应60min。得到蓖麻油改性的聚氨酯预聚体。
(2)降温至50℃,向预聚体中加入小分子扩链剂反应60min。期间若黏度变大,适当加入有机溶剂进行降黏。
(3)最后降温至35℃,加入中和剂反应50min。
(4)加入一定量去离子水进行乳化并提高转速,乳化时间为30min,样品进行减压蒸馏去除有机溶剂,制备出蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液。
所得蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液,经粒径分析仪测试粒径为20.28nm (如图2所示),分散指数为0.193;根据GB-1725-79标准乙法:表面皿法,测得固含量为29.53%。
实施例3
一、原料配比
Figure BDA0002436341780000052
Figure BDA0002436341780000061
二、制备方法
(1)将低聚物多元醇和蓖麻油在120℃下真空脱水90min;降温至105℃后,加入亲水扩链剂真空脱水40min。然后降温至85℃,在氮气氛围下滴加二异氰酸酯,滴加结束后反应60min,再滴加催化剂,再保温反应70min。得到蓖麻油改性的聚氨酯预聚体。
(2)降温至50℃,向预聚体中加入小分子扩链剂反应60min。期间若黏度变大,适当加入有机溶剂进行降黏。
(3)最后降温至35℃,加入中和剂反应60min。
(4)加入一定量去离子水进行乳化并提高转速,乳化时间为35min,样品进行减压蒸馏去除有机溶剂,制备出蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液。
所得蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液,经粒径分析仪测试粒径为22.73nm (如图3所示),分散指数为0.377;根据GB-1725-79标准乙法:表面皿法,测得固含量为28.96%。

Claims (9)

1.一种蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液,其特征在于,原料包括以下按质量百分比计的组分:
Figure FDA0002436341770000011
2.如权利要求1所述的蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液,其特征在于,所述的二异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、六亚甲基二异氰酸酯和二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或一种以上。
3.如权利要求1所述的蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液,其特征在于,所述的低聚物多元醇为聚己二酸丁二醇酯、聚氧化丙烯二醇、聚氧化乙烯二醇、聚己二酸己二醇和蓖麻油中的任意一种或一种以上。
4.如权利要求1所述的蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液,其特征在于,所述的亲水扩链剂为2,2-二羟甲基丙酸、2,2-二羟甲基丁酸和N120中的任意一种或一种以上。
5.如权利要求1所述的蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液,其特征在于,所述的小分子扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇和1,6-己二醇中的任意一种或一种以上。
6.如权利要求1所述的蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液,其特征在于,所述的中和剂为氢氧化钠、氨水、三乙胺和环氧氯丙烷中的任意一种或一种以上。
7.如权利要求1所述的蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液,其特征在于,所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡、辛酸亚锡、四甲基丁二胺和三亚乙基二胺中的任意一种或一种以上。
8.如权利要求1所述的蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为丙酮、甲乙酮和二甲基甲酰胺任意一种或一种以上。
9.权利要求1-8任意一项所述的蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1):将低聚物多元醇和蓖麻油在110~140℃下真空脱水60~90min;降温至100~110℃后,加入亲水扩链剂真空脱水30~60min;然后降温至75~90℃,在氮气氛围下滴加二异氰酸酯,滴加结束后反应40~60min,再滴加催化剂,再保温反应60~90min,得到蓖麻油改性的聚氨酯预聚体;
步骤2):将蓖麻油改性的聚氨酯预聚体降温至40~60℃,加入小分子扩链剂反应60~90min;期间若黏度变大,加入有机溶剂进行降黏;
步骤3):将步骤2)得到的产物降温至25~40℃,加入中和剂反应40~70min;
步骤4):在步骤3)得到的产物中加入去离子水进行乳化并提高转速,乳化时间为30~40min,最后减压蒸馏去除有机溶剂,制得蓖麻油改性水性聚氨酯纳米乳液。
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