CN112244228A - 一种甜辣味鸭排及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种甜辣味鸭排及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本申请涉及休闲卤制品领域,具体公开了一种甜辣味鸭排及其制备方法;甜辣味鸭排的制备方法为:(1)解冻;(2)焯水;(3)滚揉;(4)制作卤水;(5)卤制。本申请的制备方法具有鸭排无腥味、甜中带辣、口味独特的效果。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及休闲卤制品领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种甜辣味鸭排及其制备方法。
背景技术
鸭子作为一种禽类,可食用部位很多,如鸭肉,鸭头,鸭脖,鸭骨架,鸭掌,鸭胗,等等。
现有的鸭子休闲卤制品有卤鸭头,卤鸭脖,卤鸭骨架,卤鸭掌,卤鸭胗等,但市面上鲜少见到卤鸭排。
针对上述中的相关技术,发明人认为为了拓宽鸭子休闲卤制品的种类,需要提供一种甜辣味鸭排及其制备方法。
发明内容
为了拓宽鸭子休闲卤制品的种类,本申请提供一种甜辣味鸭排及其制备方法。
第一方面,本申请提供的一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,采用如下的技术方案:
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)解冻:将冷冻鸭在15-35℃的水中浸泡1-2h,洗去表面血污,去除鸭附件,捞出沥干水分,得到解冻后的鸭排;
(2)焯水:将解冻后的鸭排放入沸腾的水中,当水再次沸腾时捞出,冷却,沥干水分,得到焯水后的鸭排;
(3)滚揉:将100份焯水后的鸭排放入滚揉机内,加入3-8份乳酸菌发酵液,4-10份酵母菌发酵液,于0-5℃滚揉30-50min,得到滚揉后的鸭排;
(4)制作卤水:在200-400重量份高汤中加入香辛料包,熬制20-30min,再加入调味料进行调味,得到调配好的卤水;
所述香辛料包由辣椒5-10份,胡椒1.5-2份,八角0.4-0.6份,桂皮0.5-1.4份,丁香0.2-0.6份,香叶0.2-0.6份,花椒6-10份,小茴香1-2份,砂仁0.2-0.8份组成;
所述调味料由白砂糖2-4份,食用盐2-4份,鸡精0.8-1.6份,味精0.7-1.4份,酱油8-10份组成;
(5)卤制:将调配好的卤水煮沸,放入滚揉后的的鸭排,卤水沸腾后小火卤制5-10min,浸泡5-10min,得到卤制好的甜辣味鸭排。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于采用焯水初步去除鸭排腥味,低温滚揉时添加乳酸菌发酵液和酵母菌发酵液,使得发酵液中的有机酸和呈味物质能够充分进入鸭排中,进一步去除腥味和赋予鸭排香味,然后添加含有高汤、特定组成和配比的香辛料包和调味料的卤水进行卤制,进一步去除鸭排腥味和赋予鸭排甜辣风味。因此,制备得到的鸭排具有无腥味、甜中带辣、口味独特的效果。
可选的,步骤(4)中的高汤制备方法为:称取鸭骨架400-500份,猪皮200-300份,玉竹20-30份,罗汉果50-60份,无花果70-80份,陈皮20-50份,加入到5000-10000份水中,大火烧开,转小火煮制2-3h,过滤,滤汁即为高汤。
通过采用上述技术方案,猪皮富含胶原蛋白,玉竹具有健脾、清补肺气、滋阴清火的保健功效,味平、淡;罗汉果具有生津益气、清肺润肠的保健功效,味甘、甜;无花果具有生津止咳、健胃清肠的保健功效,味甘、甜;陈皮具有理气开胃、燥湿化痰的保健功效,味辛苦、性温。由于采用鸭骨架,猪皮作为高汤主料,能赋予鸭排更多的鸭子风味和胶原蛋白,并添加玉竹、罗汉果、无花果、陈皮这些具有保健功效的中药材,且玉竹、罗汉果、无花果具有甘甜味道,陈皮可去除鸭排的腥味,能赋予鸭排甜味和保健功效。
可选的,步骤(3)乳酸菌发酵液的制备方法为:乳酸菌在30-40℃发酵10-24h,121℃灭菌15min,过滤,取滤液。乳酸菌选自乳酸链球菌,植物乳杆菌,嗜酸乳杆菌,保加利亚乳杆菌。
可选的,乳酸菌为乳酸链球菌。
通过采用上述技术方案,将乳酸菌在最适条件下发酵,生成更多的乳酸、醋酸等有机酸,赋予鸭排柔和的酸味,同时与醛类、酮类、醇类等物质相互作用形成新的呈味物质,而以乳酸链球菌效果最好。
可选的,步骤(3)酵母菌发酵液的制备方法为:酵母菌在30-35℃发酵24-48h,121℃灭菌15min,过滤,取滤液。酵母菌选自酿酒酵母,鲁氏接合酵母。
可选的,酵母菌为鲁氏接合酵母。
通过采用上述技术方案,将酵母菌在最适条件下发酵,生成更多的醇类、酯类、酚类等风味物质,改善鸭排风味,而以鲁氏接合酵母效果最好。
可选的,步骤(3)滚揉为:将100份焯水后的鸭排放入滚揉机内,加入6-8份乳酸菌发酵液,4-7份酵母菌发酵液,于0-2℃滚揉30min,得到滚揉后的鸭排。
通过采用上述技术方案,由于采用特定的配比,因此,获得了更好的去腥和改善香味效果。
第二方面,本申请提供一种甜辣味鸭排,采用如下的技术方案:
一种甜辣味鸭排,由上述甜辣味鸭排的制备方法制备得到。
通过采用上述技术方案,上述方法制备得到的鸭排具有无腥味、甜中带辣、口味独特的效果。
综上所述,本申请具有以下有益效果:
1、本申请的方法通过焯水初步去除腥味,低温滚揉时添加乳酸菌发酵液和酵母菌发酵液,使得发酵液中的有机酸和呈味物质能够充分进入鸭排中,进一步去除腥味和赋予鸭排香味,然后添加含有高汤、特定组成和配比的香辛料包和调味料的卤水进行卤制,进一步去除鸭排腥味和赋予鸭排甜辣风味,因此,获得了鸭排具有无腥味、甜中带辣、口味独特的效果。
2、本申请中优选采用鸭骨架、猪皮、玉竹、罗汉果、无花果、陈皮制备的高汤,由于采用鸭骨架,猪皮作为高汤主料,能赋予卤鸭排更多的鸭子风味和胶原蛋白,并添加玉竹、罗汉果、无花果、陈皮这些具有保健功效的中药材,且玉竹、罗汉果、无花果具有甘甜味道,陈皮可去除鸭排的腥味,能赋予鸭排甜味和保健功效。
3、本申请中优选采用乳酸链球菌发酵液和鲁氏接合酵母发酵液,通过发酵液中含有的有机酸和醇类、酚类等呈味物质,因此获得了鸭排口味独特的效果。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本申请作进一步详细说明。
发酵液的制备例
乳酸链球菌B89997,植物乳杆菌B94658,酿酒酵母B94638,鲁氏接合酵母B81592,均购自宁波明舟生物科技有限公司;猪骨高汤,购自河南一品香精香料有限公司。
制备例1
先将乳酸链球菌用MRS肉汤30℃培养24h活化,活化两代,然后将MRS肉汤培养基121℃灭菌30min,冷却至30℃,按照2%体积比接种活化后的乳酸链球菌,30℃发酵15h,121℃灭菌15min,过滤,滤液即为发酵液。
制备例2
先将植物乳杆菌用MRS肉汤37℃培养24h活化,活化两代,然后将MRS肉汤培养基121℃灭菌30min,冷却至37℃,按照2%体积比接种活化后的植物乳杆菌,37℃发酵24h,121℃灭菌15min,过滤,滤液即为发酵液。
制备例3
先将鲁氏接合酵母用麦芽汁液体培养基30℃培养48h活化,活化两代,然后将液体PDA培养基121℃灭菌30min,冷却至30℃,按照2%体积比接种活化后的鲁氏接合酵母,32℃发酵24h,121℃灭菌15min,过滤,滤液即为发酵液。
制备例4
先将酿酒酵母用YEPD斜面培养基30℃培养36h活化,活化两代,然后将由胰蛋白胨200ml,硫酸镁溶液100ml,葡萄糖200ml配制而成的培养基121℃灭菌30min,冷却至30℃,按照2%体积比接种活化后的酿酒酵母,30℃发酵48h,121℃灭菌15min,过滤,滤液即为发酵液。
高汤的制备例
制备例5
称取鸭骨架400份,猪皮300份,玉竹20份,罗汉果50份,无花果80份,陈皮50份,加入到10000份水中,大火烧开,转小火煮制3h,过滤,滤汁即为高汤。
制备例6
称取鸭骨架500份,猪皮200份,玉竹30份,罗汉果60份,无花果70份,陈皮20份,加入到5000份水中,大火烧开,转小火煮制2h,过滤,滤汁即为高汤。
实施例
实施例1
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)解冻:将冷冻鸭在15℃的水中浸泡2h,洗去表面血污,去除鸭附件,捞出沥干水分,得到解冻后的鸭排;
(2)焯水:将解冻后的鸭排放入沸腾的水中,水淹没鸭排即可,当水再次沸腾时捞出,冷却,沥干水分,得到焯水后的鸭排;
(3)滚揉:将1000g焯水后的鸭排放入滚揉机内,加入30g乳酸菌发酵液,100g酵母菌发酵液,于0℃滚揉50min,得到滚揉后的鸭排;其中乳酸菌发酵液为制备例2制备得到的乳酸菌发酵液,酵母菌发酵液为制备例4制备得到的酵母菌发酵液;
(4)制作卤水:在2000g猪骨高汤中加入香辛料包,熬制20min,再加入调味料进行调味,得到调配好的卤水;
所述香辛料包由辣椒50g,胡椒15g,八角4g,桂皮5g,丁香2g,香叶2g,花椒100g,小茴香20g,砂仁2g组成;
所述调味料由白砂糖40g,食用盐20g,鸡精16g,味精7g,酱油80g组成;
(5)卤制:将调配好的卤水煮沸,放入滚揉后的的鸭排,卤水沸腾后小火卤制5min,浸泡10min,得到卤制好的甜辣味鸭排。
实施例2
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)解冻:将冷冻鸭在20℃的水中浸泡1.5h,洗去表面血污,去除鸭附件,捞出沥干水分,得到解冻后的鸭排;
(2)焯水:将解冻后的鸭排放入沸腾的水中,水淹没鸭排即可,当水再次沸腾时捞出,冷却,沥干水分,得到焯水后的鸭排;
(3)滚揉:将1000g焯水后的鸭排放入滚揉机内,加入60g乳酸菌发酵液,70g酵母菌发酵液,于2℃滚揉40min,得到滚揉后的鸭排;其中乳酸菌发酵液为制备例2制备得到的乳酸菌发酵液,酵母菌发酵液为制备例4制备得到的酵母菌发酵液;
(4)制作卤水:在3000g猪骨高汤中加入香辛料包,熬制25min,再加入调味料进行调味,得到调配好的卤水;
所述香辛料包由辣椒75g,胡椒17g,八角5g,桂皮9g,丁香4g,香叶4g,花椒80g,小茴香15g,砂仁5g组成;
所述调味料由白砂糖30g,食用盐30g,鸡精12g,味精10g,酱油90g组成;
(5)卤制:将调配好的卤水煮沸,放入滚揉后的的鸭排,卤水沸腾后小火卤制8min,浸泡7min,得到卤制好的甜辣味鸭排。
实施例3
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)解冻:将冷冻鸭在35℃的水中浸泡1h,洗去表面血污,去除鸭附件,捞出沥干水分,得到解冻后的鸭排;
(2)焯水:将解冻后的鸭排放入沸腾的水中,水淹没鸭排即可,当水再次沸腾时捞出,冷却,沥干水分,得到焯水后的鸭排;
(3)滚揉:将1000g焯水后的鸭排放入滚揉机内,加入80g乳酸菌发酵液,40g酵母菌发酵液,于5℃滚揉30min,得到滚揉后的鸭排;其中乳酸菌发酵液为制备例2制备得到的乳酸菌发酵液,酵母菌发酵液为制备例4制备得到的酵母菌发酵液;
(4)制作卤水:在4000g猪骨高汤中加入香辛料包,熬制30min,再加入调味料进行调味,得到调配好的卤水;
所述香辛料包由辣椒100g,胡椒20g,八角6g,桂皮14g,丁香6g,香叶6g,花椒60g,小茴香10g,砂仁80g组成;
所述调味料由白砂糖20g,食用盐40g,鸡精8g,味精14g,酱油100g组成;
(5)卤制:将调配好的卤水煮沸,放入滚揉后的的鸭排,卤水沸腾后小火卤制10min,浸泡5min,得到卤制好的甜辣味鸭排。
实施例4
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,与实施例2的区别在于,以制备例5的高汤替换猪骨高汤。
实施例5
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,与实施例2的区别在于,以制备例6的高汤替换猪骨高汤。
实施例6
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,与实施例4的区别在于,乳酸菌发酵液为制备例2制备得到的乳酸菌发酵液,酵母菌发酵液为制备例3制备得到的酵母菌发酵液。
实施例7
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,与实施例4的区别在于,乳酸菌发酵液为制备例1制备得到的乳酸菌发酵液,酵母菌发酵液为制备例4制备得到的酵母菌发酵液。
实施例8
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,与实施例4的区别在于,乳酸菌发酵液为制备例1制备得到的乳酸菌发酵液,酵母菌发酵液为制备例3制备得到的酵母菌发酵液。
对比例
对比例1
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,与实施例2的区别在于,不添加乳酸菌发酵液和酵母菌发酵液,添加130g 52度白酒。
对比例2
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,与实施例2的区别在于,不添加乳酸菌发酵液,添加130g制备例4制备得到的酵母菌发酵液。
对比例3
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,与实施例2的区别在于,不添加酵母菌发酵液,添加130g制备例2制备得到的乳酸菌发酵液。
对比例4
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,与实施例2的区别在于,加入10g乳酸菌发酵液,120g酵母菌发酵液。
对比例5
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,与实施例2的区别在于,加入100g乳酸菌发酵液,30g酵母菌发酵液。
对比例6
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,与实施例2的区别在于,以腌制替代滚揉,即在2℃腌制40min。
对比例7
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,与实施例2的区别在于,在-5℃滚揉40min。
对比例8
一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,与实施例2的区别在于,在20℃滚揉40min。
检测方法
感官评价
评定人员为专业的感官评定人员,共计30人,男女各15人。根据表1甜辣鸭排感官指标评价表,对实施例1-8和对比例1-8制备得到的鸭排作出评价,取平均值。
表1甜辣鸭排感官指标评价表
表2甜辣鸭排感官指标评价表
结合实施例1-3和对比例1并结合表1可以看出,添加了乳酸菌发酵液和酵母菌发酵液的鸭排已无明显腥味,而采用传统的白酒去腥的鸭排腥味较明显;添加了乳酸菌发酵液和酵母菌发酵液的鸭排的香味也比添加了白酒的浓郁;口感也更好,组织状态影响不是特别明显;最终的评分明显高于白酒处理的鸭排。
结合实施例1-3和实施例4-5并结合表1可以看出,采用本申请制备的高汤卤制的鸭排口感,腥味,香味,组织状态的评分都要略高于猪骨高汤卤制的鸭排,总体评分也更高。这可能是因为采用鸭骨架,猪皮作为高汤主料,能赋予鸭排更多的鸭子风味和胶原蛋白,并添加玉竹、罗汉果、无花果、陈皮这些中药材,且玉竹、罗汉果、无花果具有甘甜味道,陈皮可去除鸭排的腥味,能赋予鸭排甜味。
结合实施例4和实施例6-8并结合表1可以看出,不同种类的乳酸菌发酵液和酵母菌发酵液的组合均能提高鸭排的口感、去除腥味、增香,从而提高鸭排的总体评分,其中以乳酸链球菌发酵液和鲁氏接合酵母发酵液的组合效果最好。
结合实施例2和对比例2-5并结合表1可以看出,单独添加乳酸菌发酵液或者单独添加酵母菌发酵液,或者乳酸菌发酵液和酵母菌发酵液二者比例过大或者过小,去腥效果均出现了明显降低,导致最终评分均出现了不同程度的降低。这可能是因为乳酸菌发酵液和酵母菌发酵液在特定的配比范围内存在一定的协同效果。
结合实施例2和对比例6并结合表1可以看出,以传统的腌制工艺替代滚揉工艺,去腥效果也出现了明显降低,导致最终评分也降低。这可能是因为滚揉比腌制更能促进乳酸菌发酵液和酵母菌发酵液中的醇类等成分充分与鸭排接触,从而去腥效果更好。
结合实施例2和对比例6-7并结合表1可以看出,滚揉温度对鸭排的总体评分也有影响,虽然降低滚揉温度能在一定程度上提升总体评分,但改善幅度不大,考虑到生产成本,实际生产中不需要采用-5℃这样的低温。滚揉温度过高虽然对去腥效果和香味没有明显的影响,但是对口感和组织状态产生了较大的影响,从而导致总体评分降低。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释,其并不是对本申请的限制,本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改,但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (8)
1.一种甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)解冻:将冷冻鸭在15-35℃的水中浸泡1-2h,洗去表面血污,去除鸭附件,捞出沥干水分,得到解冻后的鸭排;
(2)焯水:将解冻后的鸭排放入沸腾的水中,当水再次沸腾时捞出,冷却,沥干水分,得到焯水后的鸭排;
(3)滚揉:将100份焯水后的鸭排放入滚揉机内,加入3-8份乳酸菌发酵液,4-10份酵母菌发酵液,于0-5℃滚揉30-50min,得到滚揉后的鸭排;
(4)制作卤水:在200-400重量份高汤中加入香辛料包,熬制20-30min,再加入调味料进行调味,得到调配好的卤水;
所述香辛料包由辣椒5-10份,胡椒1.5-2份,八角0.4-0.6份,桂皮0.5-1.4份,丁香0.2-0.6份,香叶0.2-0.6份,花椒6-10份,小茴香1-2份,砂仁0.2-0.8份组成;
所述调味料由白砂糖2-4份,食用盐2-4份,鸡精0.8-1.6份,味精0.7-1.4份,酱油8-10份组成;
(5)卤制:将调配好的卤水煮沸,放入滚揉后的的鸭排,卤水沸腾后小火卤制5-10min,浸泡5-10min,得到卤制好的甜辣味鸭排。
2.根据权利要求1所述甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中的高汤制备方法为:称取鸭骨架400-500份,猪皮200-300份,玉竹20-30份,罗汉果50-60份,无花果70-80份,陈皮20-50份,加入到5000-10000份水中,大火烧开,转小火煮制2-3h,过滤,滤汁即为高汤。
3.根据权利要求1所述甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)乳酸菌发酵液的制备方法为:乳酸菌在30-40℃发酵10-24h,121℃灭菌15min,过滤,取滤液。
4.根据权利要求3所述甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,其特征在于,所述乳酸菌为乳酸链球菌。
5.根据权利要求1所述的甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)酵母菌发酵液的制备方法为:酵母菌在30-35℃发酵24-48h,121℃灭菌15min,过滤,取滤液。
6.根据权利要求5所述的甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,其特征在于:所述酵母菌为鲁氏接合酵母。
7.根据权利要求1所述的甜辣味鸭排的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(3)滚揉为:将100份焯水后的鸭排放入滚揉机内,加入6-8份乳酸菌发酵液,4-7份酵母菌发酵液,于0-2℃滚揉30min,得到滚揉后的鸭排。
8.一种甜辣味鸭排,其特征在于,由权利要求1-7任一项所述甜辣味鸭排的制备方法制备得到。
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