CN112243829A - Seedling transplanting method suitable for mountainous area - Google Patents
Seedling transplanting method suitable for mountainous area Download PDFInfo
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- CN112243829A CN112243829A CN202011096436.7A CN202011096436A CN112243829A CN 112243829 A CN112243829 A CN 112243829A CN 202011096436 A CN202011096436 A CN 202011096436A CN 112243829 A CN112243829 A CN 112243829A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The application relates to the field of seedling transplantation, and particularly discloses a seedling transplantation method suitable for a mountainous area. The method suitable for mountain area seedling transplantation comprises investigation, land preparation and pit digging, seedling lifting and transportation and seedling planting, wherein in the process of land preparation and pit digging, tree pits are dug with the plant spacing of 1.3-1.7 m, the row spacing of 2-3 m, the pit diameter of 1-5/3 of the trunk diameter of the seedling to be planted, and the pit depth of 1.5-2.5 times of the root disc of the seedling to be planted; in the seedling lifting and transporting process, one end of the seedling with the soil ball is placed in a degradable tree pot containing a growth promoting agent and transported to a place to be planted; planting the nursery stock in a tree pit, filling nutrient soil to 2-3 cm above the surface of the tree pit, watering the nutrient soil, covering 10-15 cm of grass on the surface of the nutrient soil, and covering a mulching film on the surface of the grass. The preparation method has the advantage of improving the survival rate of transplanted mountain nursery stocks.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of seedling transplantation, in particular to a seedling transplantation method suitable for a mountainous area.
Background
The afforestation is the production activity of newly building or updating the forest, and it is a basic link of cultivating the forest. The root system of the tree can firmly grasp the soil; the fine fuzz and the mucus on the leaves can adsorb harmful particles such as carbon, sulfide and the like in the smoke dust, and can also adsorb harmful substances such as germs, viruses and the like; the leaves are photosynthetic under the sunlight to absorb carbon dioxide to produce oxygen, so that the afforestation has multiple functions of maintaining water and soil, preventing wind and fixing sand, eliminating pollution, producing oxygen, insulating sound and reducing noise, beautifying the environment and the like.
The mountain land of China is more than the flat land, and the mountain land occupies about 2/3 of the total area of the country, so the success rate of afforestation in mountain areas is the key to improve the forest coverage rate of China. The traditional measures for improving the transplanting survival rate of the nursery stock comprise shading, carrying soil balls, planting as soon as possible after transplanting, winding grass ropes on the tree trunk, winding a thin film and the like.
Aiming at the related technologies, the inventor thinks that mountainous terrain has large gradient, thin soil layer and poor water retention, precipitation quickly becomes runoff loss, soil moisture quickly evaporates, and the soil layer becomes dry; the soil in the mountainous area is relatively barren, and the soil can not provide sufficient nutrition for the root system of the nursery stock, so that the survival rate of the transplanted nursery stock is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the survival rate of mountain area nursery stock transplantation, the application provides a nursery stock transplantation method suitable for mountain areas.
The application provides a nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountain areas adopts the following technical scheme:
a nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas comprises the following steps:
s1: inspecting, namely inspecting soil conditions and climate conditions of a mountain area, and then selecting various seedlings;
s2: preparing soil and digging pits, selecting an area to be planted according to the investigation in the step S1, and locally preparing soil, wherein the plant spacing is 1.3-1.7 m, the row spacing is 2-3 m, the pit diameter is 1-5/3 of the trunk diameter of the nursery stock to be planted, and the pit depth is 1.5-2.5 times of the root disc of the nursery stock to be planted;
s3: lifting and transporting the seedlings, digging the seedlings selected in the step S1 of 1-2 year growth in 3 or 11 months, placing one end of each seedling with a soil ball in a degradable tree pot containing a growth promoting agent, and transporting the seedlings to a place to be planted;
s4: and planting the nursery stock, placing the tree pot in the step S3 into the tree pit in the step S2, filling nutrient soil to 2-3 cm above the surface of the tree pit, watering the nutrient soil, covering 10-15 cm of grass on the surface of the nutrient soil, and covering a mulching film on the surface of the grass.
By adopting the technical scheme, as the geographical positions of most mountain areas are remote, the climate is variable and the ecological environment is fragile, if the selected nursery stocks are not suitable for the local living environment, the nursery stocks die, so that in order to determine the local suitable tree species, the local soil conditions and the climate conditions need to be examined in detail, and the suitable nursery stocks are selected; the method is characterized in that a plurality of seedlings such as Chinese pine, arborvitae, wild apricot, locust, cork oak, wild Chinese honeylocust, weeping forsythia and the like are selected for cross transplantation, the seedlings are in a competitive and synergistic relationship, the survival rate of the seedlings is increased, and the mixed forest is dense in crown, deep and wide in root system and rich in withered and fallen matters, so that the effects of conserving water sources, maintaining water and soil, preventing wind and fixing sand and the like are more remarkable than those of a pure forest; transplanting the seedlings with the plant spacing of 1.3-1.7 m, wherein the seedlings can play a role in protection after the seedlings are planted; transplanting the seedlings with the row spacing of 2-3 m can enable the seedlings to have sufficient illumination and air circulation after planting.
Transplanting with soil balls can reduce the damage of root systems in the soil balls in the transplanting process, maintain the balance coordination relationship formed by the nursery stocks and the original soil environment, migrate mycorrhiza and microorganisms beneficial to the growth of the nursery stocks to a planting area along with the nursery stocks, and place the soil balls of the nursery stocks into a tree pot to effectively protect the integrity of the soil balls and reduce the loss of water in the soil balls so as to better protect the nursery stocks; the degradable tree pot is adopted, the soil ball does not need to be taken out of the tree pot, the soil ball and the tree pot are directly placed into the tree pit together, the damage to tree roots in the tree pot taking process is reduced, and the workload is also reduced; as the most important thing after transplanting is that the roots of the seedlings can grow robustly and the soil in mountainous areas is relatively barren, the roots of the seedlings are covered by nutrient soil during transplanting, nutrition can be provided for the growth of the roots of the seedlings, and the growth promoting agent in the tree pot can be released in the degradation process of the tree pot, so that the secondary nutrition is provided for the seedlings, and the growth of the seedlings is promoted.
The rotten grass is covered on the surface of the nutrient soil, and the mulching film is covered on the grass, so that the evaporation of the ground and the water consumption can be effectively reduced, the water condition of the mulching film covering position can be improved, the content of organic matters in surface soil can be increased after the grass covering rotten, the soil structure is improved, the microbial activity of the soil is increased, the root system growth is facilitated, and the success rate of seedling transplantation in mountainous areas is improved.
Preferably, the material of the tree pot in the step S3 is made of straw.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the soil ball is taken out of the tree pot, the seedling roots and the integrity of the soil ball can be damaged, the workload of taking the soil ball out of the tree pot is huge, the tree pot is made of the straw, and the straw can be degraded in soil within one to two months, so that the soil ball does not need to be taken out of the tree pot, and the damage to the seedling roots is reduced; the straws contain a large amount of carbon, potassium, silicon, nitrogen, calcium and organic components mainly comprising cellulose and hemicellulose, and the substances are nutrients required in the growth process of the nursery stocks and can promote the growth of the nursery stocks.
Preferably, the bottom surface and the side of the tree pot are both provided with ventilation holes, and the inner side of the tree pot is provided with non-woven fabrics.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, because at the transplanting in-process, place into the tree pot with the soil ball, also put into the tree pit with the tree pot when planting together, the growth of nursery stock root probably is faster than the speed of tree pot degradation, cause nursery stock root nest root in the tree pot, the condition that the nursery stock growth is unfavorable for such as the side root growth is slow, inboard at the tree pot sets up the non-woven fabrics, the non-woven fabrics has the air and repairs root effect, can promote the root system and form good root ball, increase branch and improve density, be favorable to improving the survival rate of transplanting.
Preferably, the manufacturing method of the tree pot comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing 50-80 parts of crushed straw and 10-15 parts of growth promoter by weight, and uniformly mixing;
s2: pressing the mixture in step S1 into a bowl shape;
s3: fixedly connecting non-woven fabrics at the inner side of the tree pot prepared in the step S2;
s4: the bottom surface with the non-woven fabric tree pot prepared in the step S3 is provided with 1-2 vent holes, and the side surface of each vent hole is provided with 3-5 vent holes.
By adopting the technical scheme, the growth promoting agent and the crushed straws are uniformly mixed and then pressed into the tree pot, and the growth promoting agent is gradually released along with the gradual degradation of the tree pot so as to continuously supplement nutrition for the nursery stock; set up the ventilation hole again behind tree pot internal connection non-woven fabrics, can guarantee that ventilation hole on the non-woven fabrics is corresponding with the ventilation hole on the tree pot, prevent that the non-woven fabrics from blockking up tree pot ventilation hole, lead to the unable condition that extends to the tree pot outside of nursery stock root to take place.
Preferably, the growth promoter is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of bacillus, 2-3 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 7-10 parts of actinomycetes and 6-9 parts of lactic acid bacteria.
By adopting the technical scheme, the bacillus forms a protective layer on the outer layer of the soil to prevent water and fertilizer loss, the actinomycetes can improve the water retention capacity of plants, and the bacillus and the actinomycetes jointly act to ensure that the nursery stock has sufficient water in the growth process; organic acid secreted by the bacillus can decompose substances which are beneficial to plant absorption and organic matters in soil, the actinomycetes can convert carbohydrates into compounds which promote plant growth in the soil through own metabolism, the photosynthetic bacteria can combine carbon compounds, nitrogen and the like to synthesize various organic compounds required by plants to enter nutrient substance circulation in the plants, the lactic acid bacteria mainly convert lignin and cellulose generated by decomposing the bacillus, the actinomycetes and the like into nutrients which can be utilized by the plants, and the bacillus, the actinomycetes, the photosynthetic bacteria and the lactic acid bacteria act together to provide nutrients for seedling growth.
Preferably, the nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300-500 parts of soil, 10-30 parts of water-retaining agent, 1-4 parts of fulvic acid, 3-6 parts of micro-fertilizer and 5-10 parts of rooting powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the soil in the mountainous area is poor and nutrient substances and water required by growth of water-deficient plants are needed, a fertilizer and a water-retaining agent are needed to be added to improve the soil during transplantation so as to prevent the transplanted nursery stock from dying due to unavailable nutrition and water supply, when raining or watering, the water in the soil is increased, and the water-retaining agent can rapidly absorb the water in the soil and nutrient ions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in trace elements; when drought and water shortage occur, the water absorbed in the water-retaining agent and the nutrient ions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like can be released and supplied to plant roots for absorption, the loss of the nutrient ions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like is reduced, and the water-retaining agent, the rooting powder and the micro-fertilizer are used in a combined manner, so that the growth and development of the nursery stock can be greatly promoted.
Preferably, the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide-potassium acrylate crosslinked copolymer.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polyacrylamide-potassium acrylate crosslinked copolymer type water retaining agent can absorb water which is 150-400 times more than the self weight, has a good repeated water absorption function, is long in service life and service life, can maintain the water storage and moisture retention capacity in soil for about 4 years, can be continuously carried out in a few years at the early stage of seedling transplantation, and has higher performance than other types of water retaining agents in the aspects of compound application with other fertilizers, compound application with mycorrhiza and compound application with drought-resistant matrix, so the polyacrylamide-potassium acrylate crosslinked copolymer type water retaining agent is selected in the application.
Preferably, the particle size of the polyacrylamide-potassium acrylate crosslinked copolymer is 0.3-0.7 mm.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the water-retaining agent is dissolved in the swelling process, the water absorption rates of the water-retaining agents are different due to different particle sizes of the water-retaining agents, the water absorption rate of the polyacrylamide-potassium acrylate crosslinked copolymer water-retaining agent with the particle size of 0.3-0.7 mm can reach 320 times, and the water absorption rate of the acrylamide-potassium acrylate crosslinked copolymer water-retaining agent can reach 80g/min within two to three minutes, so that the acrylamide-potassium acrylate crosslinked copolymer water-retaining agent is beneficial to absorbing a large amount of water in a short time.
Preferably, the micro-fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.5 to 5.5 parts of urea, 0.5 to 1 part of diamine phosphate and 0.5 to 1 part of potassium sulfate.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the soil in the mountainous area is relatively barren, the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium required by the growth of the nursery stock are lacked, the nitrogen is the main component of the protein in the nursery stock, the protein is the important component of the cell, the growth and development of the nursery stock can be stopped due to the lack of the nitrogen, the phosphorus plays an important role in the synthesis and decomposition of the protein, the potassium can promote the synthesis of the protein, the phosphorus deficiency can cause that the protein is only decomposed and not synthesized, and the potassium can influence the synthesis of the protein, therefore, the plant growth can be influenced due to the lack of the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium in the soil, the nitrogen fertilizer, the phosphorus fertilizer and the potassium fertilizer are applied in the process of transplanting the nursery stock and are matched with the water retaining agent, the nitrogen, the phosphorus and the potassium.
Preferably, the nutrient soil contains earthworms.
By adopting the technical scheme, the life activities of the earthworms can loosen soil, degrade plant residues, decompose organic matters which are difficult to utilize in the soil, increase components such as quick-acting Ca, quick-acting P and the like, promote the activities of digestive bacteria, substantially improve the physical structure and chemical components of the soil, and promote the growth of seedlings because the earthworm feces produced by the earthworms are also a fertilizer.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the method, seedling soil balls are placed in the degradable tree pots containing growth promoting agents in the seedling lifting and transporting processes, the soil balls do not need to be taken out of the tree pots in the transplanting process, the integrity of the soil balls is guaranteed, the roots of the seedlings are protected from being damaged, the tree pots are made of straw, the straw can serve as a fertilizer in the degradation process to provide nutrients for the growth of the seedlings, the growth promoting agents in the tree pots can be gradually released in the degradation process of the tree pots to provide growth nutrients for the seedlings, and the effect of improving the transplanting survival rate of the seedlings in mountainous areas is achieved;
2. in the application, the optimized nutrient soil is matched with the alien soil, the water-retaining agent, the micro-fertilizer and the rooting powder, when the water in the soil is more, the water-retaining agent can absorb water in the soil and nutrient ions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like in the micro-fertilizer, and when the soil is drought and lacks water, the water-retaining agent can release the absorbed water and the nutrient ions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like to be supplied to a plant root system for absorption, so that the loss of the nutrient ions such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like is reduced, and the effect of promoting the rooting and the growth of the nursery stock is obtained.
Detailed Description
The present application will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The sources of the raw materials in the following examples and comparative examples are as follows:
the polyacrylamide-potassium acrylate cross-linked copolymer type France Edson SNF3005 water-retaining agent is purchased from Beijing Green singular science and technology development Limited company, and has a particle size of 0.3-0.7 mm;
fulvic acid, available from taiyuan meibang humic acid ltd;
urea, available from Shandong Switzerland chemical Co., Ltd;
diamine nitrate, purchased from Shandongming Rui chemical group;
potassium sulfate, available from the chemical reagents of shin & sda, beijing;
rooting powder purchased from Henan Zhen Yu Biotech limited;
bacillus powder, purchased from sienprapes bioengineering ltd;
photosynthetic bacteria powder purchased from original biotechnology limited of Jinan origin;
actinomycete powder purchased from original biotechnology limited of Jinan province;
lactobacillus powder purchased from first biotechnology limited of south china;
the foreign soil comes from soil of a growing place before seedling transplantation.
Preparation example of nutrient soil
Preparation example 1:
s1: 2.5g of urea, 1g of diamine phosphate and 0.5g of potassium sulfate are taken and stirred uniformly;
s2: taking 500g of the soil, 10g of the polyacrylamide-potassium acrylate crosslinked copolymer, 4g of the fulvic acid, 3g of the mixture obtained in the step S1 and 10g of the rooting powder, and uniformly stirring.
Preparation example 2:
s1: 5.5g of urea, 0.5g of diamine phosphate and 1g of potassium sulfate are taken and evenly stirred;
s2: taking 300g of the soil, 30g of the polyacrylamide-potassium acrylate crosslinked copolymer, 1g of the fulvic acid, 6g of the mixture obtained in the step S1 and 5g of the rooting powder, and uniformly stirring.
Preparation example 3:
s1: 3.5g of urea, 0.7g of diamine phosphate and 0.7g of potassium sulfate are taken and evenly stirred;
s2: taking 400g of the bentonite, 20g of the polyacrylamide-potassium acrylate crosslinked copolymer, 3g of the fulvic acid, 5g of the mixture obtained in the step S1 and 8g of the rooting powder, and uniformly stirring.
Preparation example 4:
s1: taking 10g of urea, 2g of diamine phosphate and 2g of potassium sulfate, and uniformly stirring;
s2: and (4) taking 200g of the soil, 5g of the polyacrylamide-potassium acrylate crosslinked copolymer, 6g of fulvic acid, 2g of the mixture obtained in the step S1 and 15g of rooting powder, and uniformly stirring.
Preparation example of Tree pots
Preparation example 5:
s1: taking 5g of bacillus, 3g of photosynthetic bacteria, 7g of actinomycetes and 9g of lactic acid bacteria, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture;
s2: crushing the straws, taking 50g of the crushed straws and 10g of the mixture obtained in the step S1, and uniformly mixing;
s3: pressing the mixture in step S2 into a bowl shape;
s4: fixedly connecting non-woven fabrics at the inner side of the tree pot prepared in the step S3;
s5: the bottom surface with the non-woven fabric tree pot prepared in the step S4 is provided with 2 vent holes, and the side surface of each vent hole is provided with 3 vent holes.
Preparation example 6:
s1: taking 5 parts of bacillus, 3 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 7 parts of actinomycetes and 9 parts of lactic acid bacteria, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture;
s2: crushing the straws, taking 80g of the crushed straws and 15g of the mixture obtained in the step S1, and uniformly mixing;
s3: pressing the mixture in step S2 into a bowl shape;
s4: fixedly connecting non-woven fabrics at the inner side of the tree pot prepared in the step S3;
s5: the bottom surface with the non-woven fabric tree pot prepared in the step S4 is provided with 1 vent hole, and the side surface of the vent hole is provided with 5 vent holes.
Preparation example 7:
s1: taking 5 parts of bacillus, 3 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 7 parts of actinomycetes and 9 parts of lactic acid bacteria, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture;
s2: crushing the straws, taking 65g of the crushed straws and 12.5g of the mixture obtained in the step S1, and uniformly mixing;
s3: pressing the mixture in step S2 into a bowl shape;
s4: fixedly connecting non-woven fabrics at the inner side of the tree pot prepared in the step S3;
s5: the bottom surface with the non-woven fabric tree pot prepared in the step S4 is provided with 2 vent holes, and the side surface of each vent hole is provided with 4 vent holes.
Preparation example 8:
s1: taking 3 parts of bacillus, 5 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 5 parts of actinomycetes and 10 parts of lactic acid bacteria, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain a mixture;
s2: crushing the straws, taking 60g of the crushed straws and 5g of the mixture obtained in the step S1, and uniformly mixing;
s3: pressing the mixture in step S2 into a bowl shape;
s4: fixedly connecting non-woven fabrics at the inner side of the tree pot prepared in the step S3;
s5: the bottom surface with the non-woven fabric tree pot prepared in the step S4 is provided with 2 vent holes, and the side surface of each vent hole is provided with 4 vent holes.
Examples
Example 1: a nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas comprises the following steps:
s1: investigating soil conditions and climatic conditions of a certain mountain area, and selecting Chinese pine, arborvitae, apricot, locust tree, corolla coronaria and sweet clover as tree species;
s2: selecting a test area of 40m multiplied by 40m according to the investigation in the step S1, and performing local soil preparation, wherein the plant spacing is 1.7m, the row spacing is 3m, the pit diameter is the diameter of a trunk of a seedling to be planted, and the pit depth is 2.5 times of a tree pit of a root disc of the seedling to be planted;
s3: lifting and transporting the seedlings, namely digging the seedlings selected in the step S1 of 1 year of growth in 3 months, placing one end of a seedling soil ball in a tree pot in the preparation example 7, and transporting the seedlings to a place to be planted;
s4: planting the nursery stock, placing the tree pot in the step S3 into the tree pit in the step S2, filling the nutrient soil in the preparation example 3 to 2cm above the surface of the tree pit, watering the nutrient soil, covering the surface of the nutrient soil with 15cm of grass, and covering the surface of the grass with a mulching film.
Example 2: a nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting tree species, inspecting soil conditions and climatic conditions of a mountain area to be cultivated, and selecting Chinese pine, arborvitae, white bark pine, wild apricot, locust tree, corolla, sweet clover and conus as the tree species;
s2: preparing soil and digging pits, selecting a test area of 40m multiplied by 40m according to the investigation in the step S1, and preparing soil locally, wherein the plant spacing is 1.3m, the row spacing is 2m, the pit diameter is 5/3 of the diameter of a trunk of a seedling to be planted, and the pit depth is 1.5 times of a root disc of the seedling to be planted;
s3: lifting and transporting the seedlings, namely digging the seedlings selected in the step S1 of the 2-year growth in 11 months, placing one end of a seedling soil ball in a tree pot in the preparation example 7, and transporting the seedlings to a place to be planted;
s4: planting the nursery stock, placing the tree pot in the step S3 into the tree pit in the step S2, filling the nutrient soil in the preparation example 3 to 3cm above the surface of the tree pit, watering the nutrient soil, covering the surface of the nutrient soil with 10cm grass, and covering the surface of the grass with a mulching film.
Example 3: a nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting tree species, inspecting soil conditions and climatic conditions of a mountain area to be cultivated, and selecting Chinese pine, arborvitae, white bark pine, wild apricot, locust tree, corolla, sweet clover, conus, sea buckthorn and sabina vulgaris as the tree species;
s2: preparing soil and digging pits, selecting a test area of 40m multiplied by 40m according to the investigation in the step S1, and preparing soil locally, wherein the plant spacing is 1.5m, the row spacing is 2.5m, the pit diameter is 4/3 of the diameter of a trunk of a seedling to be planted, and the pit depth is 2 times of a root disc of the seedling to be planted;
s3: lifting and transporting the seedlings, namely digging the seedlings selected in the step S1 of 2-year growth in 3 months, placing one end of a seedling soil ball in a tree pot in the preparation example 7, and transporting the seedlings to a place to be planted;
s4: planting the nursery stock, placing the tree pot in the step S3 into the tree pit in the step S2, filling the nutrient soil in the preparation example 3 to 2.5cm above the surface of the tree pit, watering the nutrient soil, covering the surface of the nutrient soil with 13cm of grass, and covering the surface of the grass with a mulching film.
Example 4 a seedling transplantation method suitable for a mountain area, which is different from example 3 in that the nutrient soil of preparation example 1 is selected as the nutrient soil of step S4.
Example 5A seedling transplantation method suitable for a mountain area, which is different from example 3 in that the nutrient soil of preparation example 2 is selected as the nutrient soil of step S4.
Example 6A seedling transplantation method suitable for mountainous areas, which is different from example 3 in that the pot of preparation example 5 is selected as the pot of step S3.
Example 7A seedling transplantation method suitable for mountainous areas, which is different from example 3 in that the pot of preparation example 6 is selected as the pot of step S3.
Example 8: a seedling transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas, which is different from the embodiment 3 in that 2 earthworms are added into every 500g of nutrient soil in the step S4.
Comparative example
Comparative example 1: a seedling transplantation method suitable for mountainous areas, which is different from embodiment 3 in that pinus tabulaeformis is selected as a tree species in step S1.
Comparative example 2: a seedling transplanting method suitable for mountain areas, which is different from the embodiment 3 in that pinus tabulaeformis and sweet clover are selected as tree species in step S1.
Comparative example 3: a seedling transplantation method suitable for a mountain area, which is different from embodiment 3 in that nutrient soil is not added in step S4, and local soil in the mountain area is filled.
Comparative example 4: a seedling transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas, which is different from embodiment 3 in that the nutrient soil in step S4 is selected from the nutrient soil in preparation example 4.
Comparative example 5: a seedling transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas, which is different from embodiment 3 in that a tree pot is not adopted in the transplanting process in step S3, and seedlings are directly transplanted with soil balls.
Comparative example 6: a seedling transplantation method suitable for mountainous areas, which is different from embodiment 3 in that the pots in step S3 do not contain a growth promoter.
Comparative example 7: a seedling transplantation method suitable for mountainous areas, which is different from embodiment 3 in that the pot in step S3 is selected from the pots in preparation example 8.
Comparative example 8: a seedling transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas, which is different from the embodiment 3 in that, after nutrient soil is filled in the step S4, grass is not covered and only a mulching film is covered.
Comparative example 9: a seedling transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas, which is different from the embodiment 3 in that, after nutrient soil is filled in the step S4, only grass is covered without covering a mulching film.
Comparative example 10: a seedling transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas, which is different from embodiment 3 in that neither mulching film nor grass is covered after nutrient soil is filled in step S4.
Detection method
The growth condition of the nursery stock can be evaluated according to the growth condition of the nursery stock; the survival rate of the nursery stock can intuitively show the success rate of nursery stock transplantation, and the test method comprises the following steps:
and (3) measuring the seedling growth height: the heights of the overground parts of the seedlings are measured by a ruler after the seedlings are transplanted for one month, three months and six months respectively, and the average value is taken.
Calculating the survival rate of the nursery stock: the survival rate of the transplanted seedlings in the test area of each comparative example and example was calculated according to the formula (1).
TABLE 1 statistical results of nursery stock height and nursery stock survival rate
As can be seen from table 1, when comparing examples 1 to 3, it can be seen that, along with the variation of the plant spacing, the row spacing, the diameter of the tree pits and the thickness of the covering soil during transplanting, the seedling growth height and the survival rate of example 3 are better than those of examples 1 and 2, the plant spacing, the row spacing, the diameter of the tree pits and the thickness of the covering soil all have an influence on the growth of the seedlings, and the matching of the plant spacing, the row spacing, the diameter of the tree pits and the thickness of the covering soil in example 3 is most suitable.
As can be seen from table 1, when comparing examples 4 to 5 with example 3, it can be seen that, along with the change of the components of the nutrient soil, the growth height and the survival rate of the nursery stock in example 3 are better than those in examples 4 and 5, which indicates that the component content ratio of the nutrient soil in example 3 is better, and the success rate of nursery stock transplantation is more favorably improved.
As can be seen from Table 1, when comparing examples 6-7 with example 3, it can be seen that the growth height and survival rate of the seedlings of example 3 are better than those of examples 6 and 7 with the change of the components of the growth promoter, which indicates that the ratio of the components of the growth promoter in example 3 is better and is more beneficial to the growth of the seedlings.
As can be seen from table 1, when comparing example 8 with example 3, the growth height and survival rate of the nursery stock in example 8 are better than those in example 3, which indicates that the addition of earthworms to the nutrient soil can promote the growth of the nursery stock and increase the success rate of nursery stock transplantation.
As can be seen from Table 1, when comparing the comparative examples 1-2 with the example 3, the seedling growth height and survival rate of the example 3 are better than those of the comparative example 1, which shows that the success rate of seedling transplantation can be improved by adopting a mode of cross planting of various trees.
As can be seen from table 1, when comparing examples 3 to 4 with example 3, it can be seen that the seedling growth height and the survival rate of example 3 are better than those of comparative examples 2 and 3, which indicates that the success rate of seedling transplantation can be improved by burying the roots of seedlings with the nutrient soil during the seedling transplantation process, and the components of the nutrient soil in example 3 are better.
As can be seen from table 1, when comparing example 5 with example 3, it can be seen that the seedling growth height and survival rate of example 3 are significantly better than those of comparative example 4, which indicates that in the process of seedling transplantation, the tree pot is sleeved on the seedling soil ball and planted together with the tree pot, so that the success rate of seedling transplantation can be greatly increased.
As can be seen from Table 1, when comparing comparative examples 6-7 with example 3, it can be seen that the seedling growth height and survival rate of example 3 are better than those of comparative examples 5 and 6, which indicates that the success rate of seedling transplantation can be improved by using growth promoter during seedling transplantation, and the growth promoter of example 3 has better components.
As can be seen from Table 1, when comparing examples 8-10 with example 3, it can be seen that the seedling growth height and survival rate of example 3 are better than those of comparative examples 7-9, which indicates that in the seedling transplanting process, the success rate of seedling transplanting can be improved by two modes of grass mulching and mulching film mulching, and the success rate of seedling transplanting can be further improved by adopting a mode of combining grass mulching and mulching film mulching.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: inspecting, namely inspecting soil conditions and climate conditions of a mountain area, and then selecting various seedlings;
s2: preparing soil and digging pits, selecting an area to be planted according to the investigation in the step S1, and locally preparing soil, wherein the plant spacing is 1.3-1.7 m, the row spacing is 2-3 m, the pit diameter is 1-5/3 of the trunk diameter of the nursery stock to be planted, and the pit depth is 1.5-2.5 times of the root disc of the nursery stock to be planted;
s3: lifting and transporting the seedlings, digging the seedlings selected in the step S1 of 1-2 year growth in 3 or 11 months, placing one end of each seedling with a soil ball in a degradable tree pot containing a growth promoting agent, and transporting the seedlings to a place to be planted;
s4: and planting the nursery stock, placing the tree pot in the step S3 into the tree pit in the step S2, filling nutrient soil to 2-3 cm above the surface of the tree pit, watering the nutrient soil, covering 10-15 cm of grass on the surface of the nutrient soil, and covering a mulching film on the surface of the grass.
2. The nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the tree pot material in the step S3 is made of straws.
3. The nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the ventilation hole has all been seted up to the bottom surface and the side of tree basin, and the inboard of tree basin is provided with the non-woven fabrics.
4. The nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the manufacturing method of the tree pot comprises the following steps:
s1: crushing 50-80 parts of crushed straw and 10-15 parts of growth promoter by weight, and uniformly mixing;
s2: pressing the mixture in step S1 into a bowl shape;
s3: fixedly connecting non-woven fabrics at the inner side of the tree pot prepared in the step S2;
s4: the bottom surface with the non-woven fabric tree pot prepared in the step S3 is provided with 1-2 vent holes, and the side surface of each vent hole is provided with 3-5 vent holes.
5. The nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the growth promoter is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-8 parts of bacillus, 2-3 parts of photosynthetic bacteria, 7-10 parts of actinomycetes and 6-9 parts of lactic acid bacteria.
6. The nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nutrient soil is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300-500 parts of soil, 10-30 parts of water-retaining agent, 1-4 parts of fulvic acid, 3-6 parts of micro-fertilizer and 5-10 parts of rooting powder.
7. The nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide-potassium acrylate cross-linked copolymer.
8. The nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the particle size of the polyacrylamide-potassium acrylate crosslinked copolymer is 0.3-0.7 mm.
9. The nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the micro-fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.5 to 5.5 parts of urea, 0.5 to 1 part of diamine phosphate and 0.5 to 1 part of potassium sulfate.
10. The nursery stock transplanting method suitable for mountainous areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the nutrient soil contains earthworms.
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| CN113508735A (en) * | 2021-07-15 | 2021-10-19 | 中国二十二冶集团有限公司 | Arbor transplanting method with nutrition film |
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