CN112219546A - Cotton stalk is to going to be played and is pulled out and integrative results mechanism is retrieved to incomplete membrane - Google Patents
Cotton stalk is to going to be played and is pulled out and integrative results mechanism is retrieved to incomplete membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN112219546A CN112219546A CN202011269388.7A CN202011269388A CN112219546A CN 112219546 A CN112219546 A CN 112219546A CN 202011269388 A CN202011269388 A CN 202011269388A CN 112219546 A CN112219546 A CN 112219546A
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- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title description 17
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 238000011070 membrane recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D45/00—Harvesting of standing crops
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B43/00—Gatherers for removing stones, undesirable roots or the like from the soil, e.g. tractor-drawn rakes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
- A01D65/00—Grain-crop lifters
- A01D65/02—Lifting fingers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a harvesting mechanism integrating row-to-row pulling and residual film recovery of cotton stalks, which realizes stalk pressing, pulling, conveying and strip laying operations of field cotton stalks adopting close planting agriculture. The integrated harvesting mechanism comprises a stalk pulling device hung at the front end of the tractor and a residual film recovery device hung at the rear end of the tractor; the stalk pulling device comprises a stalk pulling rack, a stalk puller, a stalk pulling gearbox, a stalk pulling wheel, a screw feeder, a land wheel, a shovel blade and a grain lifter; the residual film recovery device comprises a film stripping frame, a film picking device, a film lifting shovel, a film stripping device and a film collecting box. The invention can greatly improve the subsequent operation efficiency of cotton harvests in Xinjiang cotton farmers after harvesting cotton, reduce the use times of machinery, and reduce the labor intensity of cotton planting, thereby improving the economic benefit of cotton farmers and the planting enthusiasm of cotton farmers, effectively recovering residual films, improving the soil condition, prolonging the service life of the soil and realizing the sustainable development of the soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cotton stalk row-aligning pulling and residual film recycling integrated harvesting mechanism, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
China is a main cotton production area in the world, and cotton stalks left in the field after cotton harvesting are an important energy source. For a long time in the past, the primary treatment of cotton stalks has been to shatter them for return to the field, which, although it is possible to provide nutrients for the next crop, has made the value of the cotton stalks underutilized. Cotton stalks are used in a wide range of applications, for example: paper making, board making, building materials, and the like. Fully utilizes the cotton straw resources, improves the comprehensive utilization effect of the cotton straws, and has good development prospect and economic benefit. At present, a great number of people recognize the value of the cotton stalks, but the cotton stalks are still widely extracted and harvested by manpower in China, the harvest rate is extremely low, and the comprehensive utilization of the cotton stalks is severely limited.
According to investigation, the Sinkiang region widely adopts a (660+100) mm wide-narrow row close planting mode which is successful in test. When the cotton is planted, a layer of mulching film is laid on the ground surface, so that the heat preservation and the moisture preservation effects are achieved, the root pricking of crops is facilitated, the survival rate of the crops is improved, the growth period of the crops is prolonged, and the quality and the yield of the crops are improved. Because the mulching film used in China is thin, the mulching film is usually locally rotted and difficult to recycle after the cotton is mature, and the traditional method is to directly bury the residual mulching film in the soil by using farming machinery after the cotton is harvested. The mulching film is made of polyethylene material and is difficult to dissolve automatically under natural conditions, and researches show that residual mulching film can be completely degraded in 30-50 years under natural conditions. When the residual mulch film on a land is excessive, the germination of seeds can be hindered. The residual film leaves excessive land, the germination rate of cotton seeds can be reduced by about 7 percent, thereby increasing the planting cost of cotton, reducing the yield of cotton and directly influencing the economic income of cotton farmers. The incomplete membrane recovery machinery on the market of china is mostly hugging the harrow formula, and this kind of mechanical structure is simple, but to incomplete membrane recovery efficiency low, can only retrieve the shallow layer incomplete membrane in earth's surface moreover, and it can only retrieve totally often to need a soil to retrieve many times, and the operating performance of machinery is single.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of cotton stalk recovery and residual film pollution, the invention aims to provide an integrated harvesting mechanism for pulling up cotton stalks and recovering residual films in opposite rows, which realizes stalk pressing, pulling up, conveying and strip paving operations on field cotton stalks adopting close planting agriculture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cotton stalk paired-row pulling and residual film recovery integrated harvesting mechanism comprises a stalk pulling device hung at the front end of a tractor 23 and a residual film recovery device hung at the rear end of the tractor 23.
The stalk pulling device comprises a stalk pulling rack 10, a stalk pulling device 39, a stalk pulling gearbox 5, a reel 1, an auger 8, a land wheel 24, a shovel blade 26 and a grain lifter 27.
The stalk pulling rack 10 comprises a stalk pulling cross beam 31, stalk pulling rack side plates 29, side plates 28, connecting beams 30 and a suspension bracket 32.
The rear ends of the two parallel stalk pulling rack side plates 7 are respectively and fixedly connected with the left end and the right end of the stalk pulling beam 31, and the front ends of the two stalk pulling rack side plates 7 are respectively provided with a reel mounting arm 40; the suspension bracket 32 is fixedly connected to the middle part of the rear end face of the stalk pulling beam 31; the two side plates 28 are respectively and fixedly connected to the outer sides of the front parts of the two stalk pulling rack side plates 7 in parallel through a plurality of connecting beams 30.
The rotating shafts of the two land wheels 24 are respectively arranged on the stalk pulling rack side plates 7 and the side plates 28 at the left side and the right side of the stalk pulling rack 10 through bearings.
The rotating shaft of the reel 1 is arranged on the two reel mounting arms 40 through bearings; a reel transmission belt wheel 3 is arranged on the rotating shaft of the reel 1.
The stalk puller 39 is positioned below the reel 1; the stalk puller 39 comprises a stalk pulling disc 25, a pulling shaft 36 and a stalk pulling transmission belt pulley 38.
Two ends of the pulling shaft 36 are respectively arranged on the two stalk pulling rack side plates 7 through bearings; a plurality of stalk pulling disks 25 are fixedly connected on the pulling shaft 36, and each stalk pulling disk 25 corresponds to two rows of cotton stalk rows with narrow distance; the pulling rod driving belt wheel 38 is fixedly connected with one side of the pulling shaft 36.
A plurality of pulling tooth plates 37 are uniformly and fixedly connected to the circumference of the stalk pulling disc 25 through a pulling tooth bracket 35, two V-shaped pulling tooth grooves are formed in each pulling tooth plate 37, and each V-shaped pulling tooth groove corresponds to one cotton stalk row.
The grain lifter 27 is positioned below the stalk puller 39, two ends of the grain lifter 27 are respectively and fixedly connected to the two stalk puller rack side plates 7, and the grain lifter 27 comprises a plurality of grain lifter monomers which are in one-to-one correspondence with the stalk pulling disks 25 on the pulling shaft 36; the seedling lifting monomer comprises a front straight plate section and a rear arc section, and two parallel seedling lifting grooves 48 are formed from front to back; the two grain lifting grooves 48 are positioned at the opening of the straight plate section and are in an open shape.
Two shoveling blades 26 are positioned at the left and right sides of the grain lifter 27 and are respectively and fixedly connected to the two stalk pulling rack side plates 7 for shoveling soil covered on the side films.
The auger 8 is positioned behind the stalk puller 39 and is used for continuously conveying the pulled cotton stalks to one side of the machine body and finally orderly spreading the cotton stalks in the field.
The stalk pulling gearbox 5 is fixedly connected on the stalk pulling rack 10, a belt wheel on a power input shaft of the stalk pulling gearbox 5 is connected with a belt wheel on the land wheel 24 through a transmission belt, and a belt wheel on a power output shaft of the stalk pulling gearbox 5 is respectively connected with a stalk pulling transmission belt wheel 3 on a rotating shaft of the stalk pulling wheel 1, a stalk pulling transmission belt wheel 38 on a pulling shaft 36 and a belt wheel on a rotating shaft of the auger 8 through the transmission belt.
The residual film recovery device comprises a film stripping frame 11, a film picking device 41, a film lifting shovel 20, a film stripping device 42 and a film collecting box 19.
The demoulding frame 11 comprises a demoulding cross beam 43, a hanging frame 29 and two demoulding frame side plates 18, the front ends of the two parallel demoulding frame side plates 18 are fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the demoulding cross beam 43 respectively, and the hanging frame 29 is fixedly connected to the demoulding cross beam 43.
The film picker 41 comprises a film picking roller 21, a cam fixing shaft 44, a cam 34, a crank 33 and a telescopic tooth 22.
Two ends of the cam fixed shaft 44 are respectively and fixedly connected to two demoulding rack side plates 18 of the demoulding rack 11; the film picking roller 21 is in a hollow cylindrical shape, the left side plate and the right side plate of the film picking roller are respectively provided with a rotating shaft sleeve 45, and the rotating shaft sleeves 45 are arranged on the cam fixed shaft 44 through bearings; the film picking gearbox 12 is fixedly connected to the film stripping beam 43, and a transmission driving belt wheel 13 on a power output shaft of the film picking gearbox 12 is connected with a belt wheel on a rotating shaft sleeve 45 through a driving belt; the power output shaft of the tractor 23 is connected with the power input shaft of the film picking gearbox 12.
A plurality of cams 34 are fixedly connected to the cam fixing shaft 44 in the film picking roller 21 in parallel at equal intervals along the axial direction of the cam fixing shaft 44, and each cam 34 is correspondingly connected with a plurality of cranks 33; the edge of the cam 34 is provided with a sliding groove along the circumferential direction, the inner end of the crank 33 is freely and slidably arranged in the sliding groove of the cam 34, and the outer end of the crank 33 is hinged on the inner wall of the film picking roller 21; each crank 33 is fixedly connected with a telescopic tooth 22 which can penetrate through the film picking roller 21; the maximum push stroke of the cam 34 is located at the lower portion and the minimum push stroke is located at the upper portion.
The film lifting shovel 20 is a quarter arc plate concentric with the film picking roller 21 and is positioned behind and below the film picking roller 21; the left end and the right end of the upper part of the film removing shovel 20 are respectively fixedly connected to two film removing rack side plates 18 of the film removing rack 11, and the film removing shovel 20 is provided with a plurality of film removing notches 46 matched with the telescopic teeth 22 and a soil falling notch 47 used for dropping large soil blocks.
The film stripper 42 is positioned at the rear upper part of the film picking roller 21, and the film stripper 42 comprises a film stripping roller 17 and a film stripping plate 15; two ends of a rotating shaft of the demoulding roller 17 are respectively arranged on two demoulding rack side plates 18 of the demoulding rack 11 through bearings, and a plurality of demoulding plates 15 are uniformly and fixedly connected on the surface of the demoulding roller 17 through a demoulding plate bracket 16; a transmission driving belt wheel 13 on a power output shaft of the film picking gearbox 12 is connected with a belt wheel on a rotating shaft of the film stripping roller 17 through a driving belt.
The film collecting box 19 is arranged at the rear part of the side plates 18 of the two film removing frames and is positioned at the rear lower part of the film removing roller 17.
The residual film recovery device adopts a suspension type hanging connection mode, and the stalk pulling device adopts a front suspension hydraulic system.
Bearing end covers 2 are arranged on bearings at two ends of a rotating shaft of the reel 1.
Three pulling toothed plates 37 are uniformly arranged on each stalk pulling disc 25.
The diameter of the stalk pulling disc 25 is 300mm, three stalk pulling discs 25 with the interval of 640mm are arranged on the pulling shaft 36, the total length of the pulling toothed plate 37 is 200mm, the interval distance of the two V-shaped pulling toothed grooves is 120mm, and the width of the groove opening is 30 mm.
The cutting depth of the scraper 26 can be adjusted, and the cutting depth adjusting range is 0-300 mm.
And an auger shell 9 is arranged on the outer side of the auger 8.
12 triangular irons 49 with the length of 50mm are uniformly distributed on the outer ring of the land wheel 24.
The width of the land wheel 24 is 50mm, the diameter is 669mm, and the stalk pulling disc 25 is driven to rotate 120 degrees by the rotation of the land wheel 24 for every 140 mm.
The maximum pushing distance of the cam 34 is 250mm, and the minimum pushing distance is 150 mm; the telescopic distance of the telescopic teeth 22 is 100 mm; the outer diameter of the film picking roller 21 is 806mm, the working length of the film removing shovel 20 is 2000mm, and the arc diameter of the film removing shovel 20 is 950 mm; the diameter of the telescopic teeth 22 is 6mm, the width of the film lifting notch 46 of the film lifting shovel 20 is 10mm, and the width of the soil falling notch 47 is 60 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in order to effectively recover cotton stalks and solve the problem of residual film pollution, the invention is a combined operation machine which can simultaneously complete the two operation modes, effectively reduces the labor intensity and the operation time of the subsequent treatment of the land after cotton harvesting, and saves the use time of agricultural machines and fuel consumption of the machines.
2. According to the invention, the shovel blade is arranged on the side plate of the stalk pulling rack, so that soil covered on the side film can be shoveled, the operation of an arc-shaped film removing shovel in the rear residual film recovery device is facilitated, after cotton stalks are pulled out, the rear residual film recovery device collects the surface film of the cotton field, a large number of field coated films can be collected, the side film can be recovered, and the residual film recovery rate is improved.
3. The stalk puller of the invention does not enter the soil, thus reducing the pulling power consumption.
4. The distance between the three stalk pulling disks of the main shaft on the stalk puller is 640mm according to the distance between wide rows and narrow rows in a wide-narrow row planting mode of Xinjiang cotton, each V-shaped toothed plate is provided with two V-shaped grooves, each stalk pulling disk can pull two rows of cotton stalks simultaneously, and the three disks can pull six rows simultaneously.
5. A large number of small stalk pulling teeth are designed on the V-shaped groove, when cotton stalks are pulled, the stalk pulling teeth are inserted into the cotton stalks, so that the V-shaped groove and the cotton stalks can be prevented from sliding and rubbing, the pulling force provided by the stalk puller is increased, and the cotton stalks can be pulled smoothly.
6. The reel and the auger in the invention are driven by the stalk pulling gearbox, thus reducing the complexity of the whole mechanism and increasing the reliability of the mechanism.
7. The stalk puller is driven by the land wheel, the plant spacing for planting cotton in Xinjiang is 140mm, the diameter of the land wheel is calculated according to the plant spacing of the cotton stalks, and the stalk puller can be driven to pull once when the land wheel rolls for 140mm, so that accurate pulling is realized.
8. 12 triangular irons with the length of 50mm are uniformly distributed on the outer ring of the land wheel so as to increase the ground grabbing capacity of the land wheel. The width of land wheel is 50mm, and the land wheel of a little wide can effectively prevent to lead to the land wheel to be absorbed in earth deeply because of the soil is too soft to influence and pull out the stalk precision.
9. The film lifting roller adopts a telescopic tooth type recovery principle and mainly comprises a cam, a main shaft, a crank, film picking teeth and a roller. The cam is fixed with the main shaft, and the main shaft is fixed on the frame through a spline. The maximum pushing distance of the cam is 250mm, and the minimum pushing distance is 150 mm. The difference between the maximum pushing distance and the minimum pushing distance is 100mm, which means that the retractable teeth can extend out 100mm, i.e. the retractable distance of the retractable teeth is 100 mm. The roller drives the crank and the film picking teeth to move on the cam, when the cam moves to the maximum pushing range, the film picking teeth pick up the residual film, the film picking teeth move to the minimum pushing range of the cam and are completely withdrawn into the roller, the residual film is stripped, the film stripping rate is greatly improved, and the residual film recovery rate is improved.
10. The gap of the arc film lifting shovel is divided into a narrow gap and a wide gap, the width of the narrow gap is 10mm, the diameter of the telescopic film picking teeth is 6mm, and the residual film is picked up through the narrow gap during working; the width of the wide gap is 60mm, and the large clods shoveled by the arc-shaped film lifting shovel fall to the ground from the wide gap, so that the clean picking rate of the residual films is improved.
11. The cotton harvester is reasonable in structural arrangement, is suitable for a mode of planting cotton (660+100) mm and wide and narrow rows in a membrane six-row (width 2050mm) machine, which is widely used at present, and has huge potential popularization and use values.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an integrated harvesting mechanism for pulling up cotton stalks and recovering residual films in opposite rows according to the invention;
FIG. 2a is a schematic side view of the stalk pulling device of the present invention;
FIG. 2b is a schematic perspective view of the stalk pulling device of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the stalk pulling rack 10;
FIG. 4a is a schematic structural view of the stalk puller 39;
FIG. 4b is a schematic front view of the stalk pulling disc 25;
FIG. 4c is a side view of the stalk pulling disc 25;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the grain lifter 27;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of the ground wheel 24;
FIG. 7a is a schematic side view of the residual film recycling device;
FIG. 7b is a schematic perspective view of the residual film recycling device;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the demolding frame 11;
FIG. 9a is a schematic view showing the structure of the film pickup 41;
FIG. 9b is a side view of the film pickup device 41
FIG. 10a is a schematic top view of the film lifting shovel 20;
fig. 10b is a side view of the film removing shovel 20.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
1 reel 2 bearing end cover
3 reel transmission belt wheel and 4 reel transmission belt
5 pull out stalk gearbox 6 and pull out stalk gearbox band pulley
7 stalk pulling rack side plate 8 auger
9 auger shell 10 stalk pulling rack
11 film-picking gearbox of film-removing rack 12
13 Derailleur driving pulley 14 angle iron
15 stripping plate and 16 stripping plate bracket
17 stripping roller 18 stripping frame side plate
19 film lifting shovel of film collecting box 20
21 film picking roller 22 telescopic teeth
24 ground wheels of 23 tractor
25 stalk pulling disc 26 scraper knife
27 lifter 28 side board
29 hitch 30 tie-beam
31 pull out stalk crossbeam 32 mounted frame
33 crank 34 cam
35 pulling tooth support 36 pulling shaft
37 pull-out toothed plate 38 pull-out stem driving belt wheel
39 stalk puller 40 reel mounting arm
41 film picker 42 stripper
43 stripping beam 44 cam fixing shaft
45 rotating shaft sleeve 46 film opening notch
47 soil falling groove opening 48 grain lifting groove
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in figure 1, the cotton stalk opposite-row pulling and residual film recycling integrated harvesting mechanism comprises a stalk pulling device hung at the front end of a tractor 23 and a residual film recycling device hung at the rear end of the tractor 23.
The residual film recovery device adopts a suspension type hanging connection mode, so that the tractor can move conveniently and the working depth of the residual film recovery device can be controlled.
The stalk pulling device adopts a front suspension hydraulic system, so that the resistance and the height can be adjusted in the farming condition, and the stalk pulling device can be quickly lifted and lowered in the non-farming condition.
As shown in fig. 2a and 2b, the stalk pulling device comprises a stalk pulling frame 10, a stalk pulling device 39, a stalk pulling gear box 5, a stalk pulling wheel 1, an auger 8, a land wheel 24, a blade 26 and a grain lifter 27.
As shown in fig. 3, the stalk pulling frame 10 comprises a stalk pulling beam 31, stalk pulling frame side plates 29, side plates 28, a connecting beam 30 and a suspension bracket 32.
The rear ends of the two parallel stalk pulling rack side plates 7 are respectively and fixedly connected with the left end and the right end of the stalk pulling beam 31, and the front ends of the two stalk pulling rack side plates 7 are respectively provided with a stalk pulling wheel mounting arm 40. The suspension bracket 32 is fixedly connected to the middle part of the rear end face of the stalk pulling beam 31 and is used for being connected with the front end of the tractor 23 in a hanging mode. The two side plates 28 are respectively and fixedly connected to the outer sides of the front parts of the two stalk pulling rack side plates 7 in parallel through a plurality of connecting beams 30.
The rotating shafts of the two land wheels 24 are respectively arranged on the stalk pulling rack side plates 7 and the side plates 28 at the left side and the right side of the stalk pulling rack 10 through bearings.
The rotating shaft of the reel 1 is arranged on the two reel mounting arms 40 through bearings. A reel transmission belt wheel 3 is arranged on the rotating shaft of the reel 1, and bearing end covers 2 are arranged on bearings at two ends of the rotating shaft of the reel 1.
The stalk puller 39 is positioned below the reel 1. As shown in fig. 4a, the stalk puller 39 comprises a stalk pulling disc 25, a pulling shaft 36 and a stalk pulling driving pulley 38.
Two ends of the pulling shaft 36 are respectively arranged on the two stalk pulling rack side plates 7 through bearings. The stalk pulling disks 25 are fixedly connected to the stalk pulling shaft 36 through keys and check rings, and each stalk pulling disk 25 corresponds to two rows of cotton stalk rows with narrow distance. The pulling rod driving belt wheel 38 is fixedly connected with one side of the pulling shaft 36.
As shown in fig. 4b and 4c, a plurality of pulling tooth plates 37 are uniformly and fixedly connected to the circumference of the stalk pulling disc 25 through a pulling tooth bracket 35, each pulling tooth plate 37 is provided with two V-shaped pulling tooth grooves, and each V-shaped pulling tooth groove corresponds to one cotton stalk row.
Preferably, three pulling toothed plates 37 are uniformly arranged on each pulling rod disk 25.
Preferably, the diameter of the stalk pulling disc 25 is 300mm, three stalk pulling discs 25 with the interval of 640mm are arranged on the pulling shaft 36, the distance of wide rows in the wide-narrow row planting mode of Xinjiang cotton is 640mm, the distance of narrow rows is 120mm, and the diameter of cotton stalks is 5mm-10mm, so that each pulling toothed plate 37 is designed to have two V-shaped pulling toothed grooves, the total length of the pulling toothed plate 37 is 200mm, the interval distance between the two V-shaped pulling toothed grooves is 120mm, and the width of the groove opening is 30 mm.
Every stalk pulling disc 25 can pull up two lines of cotton stalks simultaneously, and the three stalk pulling discs 25 can pull up six lines simultaneously, just satisfies the planting mode of Xinjiang cotton with six lines of one film, and the width that can pull up one plastic film in every operation corresponds with the operation width of the residual film recycling mechanism.
The grain lifter 27 is positioned below the stalk puller 39, two ends of the grain lifter 27 are respectively and fixedly connected to the two stalk puller rack side plates 7, as shown in fig. 5, the grain lifter 27 comprises a plurality of grain lifter monomers which are in one-to-one correspondence with the stalk pulling discs 25 on the stalk pulling shaft 36; the seedling lifting monomer comprises a front straight plate section and a rear arc section, and two parallel seedling lifting grooves 48 are formed from front to back; the two grain-supporting grooves 48 are positioned at the opening of the straight plate section and are open, so that the lodged cotton stalks can smoothly enter the grain-supporting grooves.
The two shoveling blades 26 are positioned at the left side and the right side of the grain lifter 27 and are respectively and fixedly connected to the two stalk pulling rack side plates 7, and the shoveling and cutting depth is adjustable and is used for shoveling soil covered on the side films. The shovel cutting depth adjusting range is 0-300 mm.
The auger 8 is positioned behind the stalk puller 39 and is used for continuously conveying the pulled cotton stalks to one side of the machine body and finally orderly paving the cotton stalks in the field, so that the subsequent recycling of the cotton stalks is facilitated. And an auger shell 9 is arranged on the outer side of the auger 8.
The power required by the stalk pulling device in the invention is all from the land wheel 24, and the stalk pulling frequency of the stalk pulling device is determined by the land wheel 24, so whether the land wheel 24 is designed reasonably or not directly determines the stalk pulling effect of the stalk pulling machine tool. If the land wheel 24 directly drives the stalk puller 39, the rotating speed obtained by the stalk puller 39 cannot meet the actual working requirement, and in order to avoid the situation, the stalk pulling gearbox 5 is designed.
The stalk pulling gearbox 5 is fixedly connected on the stalk pulling rack 10, a belt wheel on a power input shaft of the stalk pulling gearbox 5 is connected with a belt wheel on the land wheel 24 through a transmission belt, and a belt wheel on a power output shaft of the stalk pulling gearbox 5 is respectively connected with a stalk pulling transmission belt wheel 3 on a rotating shaft of the stalk pulling wheel 1, a stalk pulling transmission belt wheel 38 on a pulling shaft 36 and a belt wheel on a rotating shaft of the auger 8 through the transmission belt.
The ground wheels 24 are structurally strong due to the power transmission required by the ground wheels 24, and the ground wheels 24 are integrally cast from cast iron to increase the strength of the ground wheels 24. As shown in FIG. 6, 12 pieces of triangular iron 49 with a length of 50mm are uniformly distributed on the outer ring of the land wheel 24 to increase the ground gripping capability of the land wheel 24. The width of land wheel 24 is 50mm, can effectively prevent to lead to the land wheel to sink into earth deeply because of the soil is too soft to influence and pull out the stalk precision. The diameter of the ground wheel 24 is calculated as follows;
the planting distance of Xinjiang cotton is 140mm, so that the land wheel 24 can drive the pulling part to pull once when rolling for 140 mm. Three pulling toothed plates 37 are arranged on each stalk pulling disc 25, so that the diameter of the land wheel 24 needs to meet the requirement that each 140mm of rotation drives the stalk pulling disc 25 to rotate 120 degrees.
Setting: the diameter of the land wheel 24 is D; the transmission ratio of the stalk pulling gearbox 5 is 5. The angle that the land wheel needs to rotate every time the land wheel is pulled up is alpha
It can be calculated that the diameter of the land wheel 24 should be 669 mm.
As shown in fig. 7a and 7b, the residual film recycling device comprises a film removing frame 11, a film picking device 41, a film lifting shovel 20, a film removing device 42 and a film collecting box 19.
As shown in fig. 8, the demolding frame 11 includes a demolding cross beam 43, a hanging frame 29 and two demolding frame side plates 18, the front ends of the two demolding frame side plates 18 parallel to each other are respectively fixed on the left and right ends of the demolding cross beam 43, and the hanging frame 29 is fixed on the demolding cross beam 43.
As shown in fig. 9a and 9b, the film picker 41 includes a film picking roller 21, a cam fixing shaft 44, a cam 34, a crank 33, and a telescopic tooth 22.
Two ends of the cam fixed shaft 44 are respectively and fixedly connected to two demoulding rack side plates 18 of the demoulding rack 11; the film picking roller 21 is in a hollow cylindrical shape, the left side plate and the right side plate of the film picking roller are respectively provided with a rotating shaft sleeve 45, and the rotating shaft sleeves 45 are arranged on the cam fixed shaft 44 through bearings; the film picking gearbox 12 is fixedly connected to the film stripping beam 43, and a transmission driving belt wheel 13 on a power output shaft of the film picking gearbox 12 is connected with a belt wheel on a rotating shaft sleeve 45 through a driving belt. The power output shaft of the tractor 23 is connected with the power input shaft of the film picking gearbox 12.
A plurality of cams 34 are fixedly connected to the cam fixing shaft 44 in the film picking roller 21 in parallel at equal intervals along the axial direction of the cam fixing shaft 44, and each cam 34 is correspondingly connected with a plurality of cranks 33; the edge of the cam 34 is provided with a sliding groove along the circumferential direction, the inner end of the crank 33 is freely and slidably arranged in the sliding groove of the cam 34, and the outer end of the crank 33 is hinged on the inner wall of the film picking roller 21; each crank 33 is fixedly connected with a telescopic tooth 22 which can penetrate through the film picking roller 21. The maximum push stroke of the cam 34 is located at the lower portion and the minimum push stroke is located at the upper portion.
As shown in fig. 10a and 10b, the film lifting shovel 20 is a quarter arc plate concentric with the film picking roller 21 and is located behind and below the film picking roller 21; the left end and the right end of the upper part of the film removing shovel 20 are respectively fixedly connected to two film removing rack side plates 18 of the film removing rack 11, and the film removing shovel 20 is provided with a plurality of film removing notches 46 matched with the telescopic teeth 22 and a soil falling notch 47 used for dropping large soil blocks.
The maximum push stroke of the cam 34 is 250mm, and the minimum push stroke is 150 mm. The difference between the maximum pushing distance and the minimum pushing distance is 100mm, which means that the retractable teeth 22 can extend 100mm, i.e. the retractable distance of the retractable teeth 22 is 100 mm. The outer diameter of the film picking roller 21 is 806mm, the working length of the film removing shovel 20 is 2000mm, and the arc diameter of the film removing shovel 20 is 950 mm; the diameter of the telescopic teeth 22 is 6mm, the width of the film lifting notch 46 of the film lifting shovel 20 is 10mm, and the width of the soil falling notch 47 is 60 mm.
The film lifting shovel 20 and the film picking device 41 work together to lift and convey the residual film backwards, the film picking gearbox 12 drives the film picking roller 21 to rotate anticlockwise (in the direction shown by an arrow in fig. 7 a), each crank 33 is driven to slide along the circumferential direction of the cam 34, and in the process that the crank 33 moves towards the maximum pushing distance of the cam 34, the telescopic teeth 22 gradually extend outwards from the surface of the film picking roller 21 to lift and convey the residual film backwards; the crank 33 continues to move towards the minimum pushing stroke of the cam 34, the telescopic teeth 22 gradually shrink from the outside to the inside of the film picking roller 21, and residual films are unloaded.
The film stripper 42 is positioned at the rear upper part of the film picking roller 21, and the film stripper 42 comprises a film stripping roller 17 and a film stripping plate 15; two ends of a rotating shaft of the demoulding roller 17 are respectively arranged on two demoulding rack side plates 18 of the demoulding rack 11 through bearings, and a plurality of demoulding plates 15 are uniformly and fixedly connected on the surface of the demoulding roller 17 through a demoulding plate bracket 16; a transmission driving belt wheel 13 on a power output shaft of the film picking gearbox 12 is connected with a belt wheel on a rotating shaft of the film stripping roller 17 through a driving belt. The film stripping plate 15 rotates along with the film stripping roller 17 to strip the residual film from the film picking roller 21, and finally the residual film falls into the film collecting box 19.
The film collecting box 19 is arranged at the rear part of the side plates 18 of the two film removing frames and is positioned at the rear lower part of the film removing roller 17, the film removing plate 15 drops into the film collecting box 19 after removing residual films, and when the residual films in the film collecting box 19 reach a certain amount, the film collecting box is emptied and the residual films are sent to a subsequent processing device for processing.
The height of the demoulding frame 11 is about 1000mm, the total length is 1900mm, the total width is 2300mm, and the width of the demoulding frame 11 is designed according to the width of the mulching film. The demoulding frame side plate 18 is integrally cut from high carbon steel with the thickness of 10mm, and the demoulding beam 43 is square steel with the thickness of 100 multiplied by 100.
The tractor 23 outputs power to the film picking gearbox 12, and the film picking gearbox 12 drives the film picking roller 21 and the film stripping disc 17 to rotate; with the advance of the machine, the arc film-lifting shovel 20 shovels the mulching films, the telescopic teeth 22 pick up the mulching films, the residual films are brushed off under the action of the film-removing plate 15, and the residual films enter the film collecting box 19, so that the purpose of recovering the residual films is achieved.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
after the cotton picker finishes the operation, the cotton stalk row-to-row pulling and residual film recovery integrated harvesting mechanism of the invention enters the field for operation. When the stalk pulling device works, the stalk pulling device is pushed by a tractor 23, a land wheel 24 of the stalk pulling device rolls forwards, a belt wheel on the land wheel 24 transmits the power of the land wheel 24 to a stalk pulling gearbox 5, the change of the rotating speed and the rotating direction of the stalk pulling gearbox 5 is transmitted to a stalk pulling transmission belt wheel 3 on a rotating shaft of a stalk pulling wheel 1, a stalk pulling transmission belt wheel 38 on a pulling shaft 36 and a belt wheel on a rotating shaft of a screw 8 respectively through a transmission belt, the stalk pulling wheel 1 pulls cotton stalks towards the stalk pulling device 39, and a grain lifter 27 supports the fallen cotton stalks to be tightly attached to the stalk pulling device 39 so as to increase the adhesive force between the cotton stalks and the stalk pulling device 39 and ensure that the cotton stalks are successfully pulled by the stalk pulling device 39. When the cotton stalks are pulled up, the shoveling blades 26 on the left side and the right side of the grain lifter 27 shovel the soil covering the side films, so that the film pulling shovels 20 in the rear residual film recovery device can work conveniently. After the cotton stalks are pulled up, the pulled cotton stalks are continuously pushed backwards to the auger 8 by the stalk puller 39, then the pulled cotton stalks are thrown out from the right side of the stalk pulling device by the auger 8, and the stalk pulling process is completed.
Tractor 23 pulls incomplete membrane recovery unit operation, carry power for picking up membrane gearbox 12 by the power output shaft of tractor 23, the speed reduction of picking up membrane gearbox 12 is transmitted power for picking up membrane cylinder 21 by the power output shaft who picks up membrane gearbox 12, it picks up the incomplete membrane that membrane cylinder 21 shoveled 20 with the arc film shovel through flexible tooth 22 and dials to taking off membrane 42 department, flexible tooth 22 withdrawal cylinder 21 is followed in, take off membrane cylinder 21 with the incomplete membrane from picking up membrane cylinder 21 by taking off membrane 42 simultaneously, the incomplete membrane falls into in album membrane case 19 at last, accomplish incomplete membrane recovery work.
Claims (10)
1. A cotton stalk paired-row lifting and residual film recovery integrated harvesting mechanism is characterized by comprising a stalk pulling device hung at the front end of a tractor (23) and a residual film recovery device hung at the rear end of the tractor (23);
the stalk pulling device comprises a stalk pulling rack (10), a stalk pulling device (39), a stalk pulling gearbox (5), a stalk pulling wheel (1), an auger (8), a land wheel (24), a shovel blade (26) and a grain lifter (27);
the stalk pulling rack (10) comprises a stalk pulling cross beam (31), stalk pulling rack side plates (29), side plates (28), a connecting beam (30) and a suspension bracket (32);
the rear ends of two parallel stalk pulling rack side plates (7) are respectively and fixedly connected with the left end and the right end of the stalk pulling beam (31), and reel mounting arms (40) are arranged at the front ends of the two stalk pulling rack side plates (7); the suspension bracket (32) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the rear end face of the stalk pulling beam (31); the two side plates (28) are respectively and fixedly connected to the outer sides of the front parts of the two stalk pulling rack side plates (7) in parallel through a plurality of connecting beams (30);
the rotating shafts of the two land wheels (24) are respectively arranged on the stalk pulling rack side plates (7) and the side plates (28) at the left side and the right side of the stalk pulling rack (10) through bearings;
the rotating shaft of the reel (1) is arranged on the two reel mounting arms (40) through bearings; a reel transmission belt wheel (3) is arranged on a rotating shaft of the reel (1);
the stalk puller (39) is positioned below the reel (1); the stalk puller (39) comprises a stalk pulling disc (25), a pulling shaft (36) and a stalk pulling transmission belt pulley (38);
two ends of the pulling shaft (36) are respectively arranged on the two side plates (7) of the stalk pulling rack through bearings; a plurality of stalk pulling disks (25) are fixedly connected on the pulling shaft (36), and each stalk pulling disk (25) corresponds to two rows of cotton stalk rows with narrow distance; the stalk pulling transmission belt wheel (38) is fixedly connected to one side of the pull-up shaft (36);
a plurality of pulling tooth plates (37) are uniformly and fixedly connected to the circumference of the stalk pulling disc (25) through a pulling tooth bracket (35), two V-shaped pulling tooth grooves are formed in each pulling tooth plate (37), and each V-shaped pulling tooth groove corresponds to one cotton stalk row;
the grain lifter (27) is positioned below the stalk puller (39), two ends of the grain lifter (27) are respectively and fixedly connected to the two stalk puller rack side plates (7), and the grain lifter (27) comprises a plurality of grain lifter monomers which are in one-to-one correspondence with the stalk pulling discs (25) on the stalk pulling shaft (36); the seedling lifting monomer comprises a front straight plate section and a rear arc section, and two parallel seedling lifting grooves (48) are formed from front to back; the two grain lifting grooves (48) are positioned at the opening of the straight plate section and are in an open shape;
the two shoveling knives (26) are positioned at the left side and the right side of the grain lifter (27), are respectively and fixedly connected to the two stalk pulling rack side plates (7) and are used for shoveling soil covered on the side films;
the auger (8) is positioned behind the stalk puller (39) and is used for continuously conveying the pulled cotton stalks to one side of the machine body and finally orderly paving the cotton stalks in the field;
the stalk pulling gearbox (5) is fixedly connected to the stalk pulling rack (10), a belt wheel on a power input shaft of the stalk pulling gearbox (5) is connected with a belt wheel on a land wheel (24) through a transmission belt, and a belt wheel on a power output shaft of the stalk pulling gearbox (5) is respectively connected with a stalk pulling transmission belt wheel (3) on a rotating shaft of the stalk pulling wheel (1), a stalk pulling transmission belt wheel (38) on a pulling shaft (36) and a belt wheel on a rotating shaft of the auger (8) through the transmission belt;
the residual film recovery device comprises a film removing rack (11), a film picking device (41), a film lifting shovel (20), a film removing device (42) and a film collecting box (19);
the demoulding machine frame (11) comprises a demoulding cross beam (43), a hanging frame (29) and demoulding machine frame side plates (18), the front ends of the two parallel demoulding machine frame side plates (18) are fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the demoulding cross beam (43) respectively, and the hanging frame (29) is fixedly connected to the demoulding cross beam (43);
the film picking device (41) comprises a film picking roller (21), a cam fixing shaft (44), a cam (34), a crank (33) and a telescopic tooth (22);
two ends of the cam fixed shaft (44) are fixedly connected to two demoulding rack side plates (18) of the demoulding rack (11) respectively; the film picking roller (21) is in a hollow cylindrical shape, the left side plate and the right side plate of the film picking roller are respectively provided with a rotating shaft sleeve (45), and the rotating shaft sleeves (45) are arranged on the cam fixed shaft (44) through bearings; the film picking gearbox (12) is fixedly connected to the film stripping cross beam (43), and a transmission driving belt wheel (13) on a power output shaft of the film picking gearbox (12) is connected with a belt wheel on a rotating shaft sleeve (45) through a driving belt; a power output shaft of the tractor (23) is connected with a power input shaft of the film picking gearbox (12);
a plurality of cams (34) are fixedly connected to a cam fixing shaft (44) in the film picking roller (21) in parallel at equal intervals along the axial direction of the cam fixing shaft (44), and each cam (34) is correspondingly connected with a plurality of cranks (33); the edge of the cam (34) is provided with a sliding groove along the circumferential direction, the inner end of the crank (33) is freely and slidably arranged in the sliding groove of the cam (34), and the outer end of the crank (33) is hinged on the inner wall of the film picking roller (21); each crank (33) is fixedly connected with a telescopic tooth (22) which can penetrate through the film picking roller (21); the maximum pushing distance of the cam (34) is positioned at the lower part, and the minimum pushing distance is positioned at the upper part;
the film lifting shovel (20) is a quarter arc plate concentric with the film picking roller (21) and is positioned behind and below the film picking roller (21); the left end and the right end of the upper part of the film removing shovel (20) are respectively fixedly connected to two film removing rack side plates (18) of the film removing rack (11), and the film removing shovel (20) is provided with a plurality of film removing notches (46) matched with the telescopic teeth (22) and a soil falling notch (47) for large soil blocks to fall;
the film stripper (42) is positioned at the rear upper part of the film picking roller (21), and the film stripper (42) comprises a film stripping roller (17) and a film stripping plate (15); two ends of a rotating shaft of the demoulding roller (17) are respectively arranged on two demoulding rack side plates (18) of the demoulding rack (11) through bearings, and a plurality of demoulding plates (15) are uniformly and fixedly connected on the surface of the demoulding roller (17) through a demoulding plate support (16); a transmission driving belt wheel (13) on a power output shaft of the film picking gearbox (12) is connected with a belt wheel on a rotating shaft of the film removing roller (17) through a driving belt;
the film collecting box (19) is arranged at the rear parts of the side plates (18) of the two demoulding racks and is positioned below the rear part of the demoulding roller (17).
2. The cotton stalk paired-row pulling and residual film recovery integrated harvesting mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the residual film recovery device adopts a suspension type hanging mode, and the stalk pulling device adopts a front suspension hydraulic system.
3. The cotton stalk paired row pulling and residual film recycling integrated harvesting mechanism according to claim 1, wherein bearing end covers (2) are arranged on bearings at two ends of a rotating shaft of the reel (1).
4. The cotton stalk paired row pulling and residual film recycling integrated harvesting mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein three pulling toothed plates (37) are uniformly arranged on each pulling disc (25).
5. The cotton stalk paired row pulling and residual film recycling integrated harvesting mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the pulling disc (25) is 300mm, three pulling discs (25) with the interval of 640mm are arranged on the pulling shaft (36), the total length of the pulling toothed plate (37) is 200mm, the interval distance between two V-shaped pulling toothed grooves is 120mm, and the width of the groove opening is 30 mm.
6. The cotton stalk paired row pulling and residual film recycling integrated harvesting mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cutting depth of the cutting blade (26) can be adjusted, and the cutting depth adjusting range is 0-300 mm.
7. The cotton stalk paired row pulling and residual film recycling integrated harvesting mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein an auger housing (9) is arranged outside the auger (8).
8. The cotton stalk paired row pulling and residual film recycling integrated harvesting mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein 12 triangular irons (49) with a length of 50mm are uniformly distributed on the outer ring of the land wheel (24).
9. The cotton stalk paired row pulling and residual film recovery integrated harvesting mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the land wheel (24) is 50mm, the diameter is 669mm, and the land wheel (24) drives the stalk pulling disc (25) to rotate 120 degrees every 140mm of rotation.
10. The cotton stalk paired row pulling and residual film recovery integrated harvesting mechanism as claimed in claim 1, wherein the maximum pushing distance of the cam (34) is 250mm, and the minimum pushing distance is 150 mm; the telescopic distance of the telescopic teeth (22) is 100 mm; the outer diameter of the film picking roller (21) is 806mm, the working length of the film removing shovel (20) is 2000mm, and the circular arc diameter of the film removing shovel (20) is 950 mm; the diameter of the telescopic teeth (22) is 6mm, the width of a film drawing notch (46) of the film drawing shovel (20) is 10mm, and the width of a soil falling notch (47) is 60 mm.
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| CN202011269388.7A CN112219546B (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2020-11-13 | Cotton stalk opposite pulling and residual film recycling integrated harvesting mechanism |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011269388.7A CN112219546B (en) | 2020-11-13 | 2020-11-13 | Cotton stalk opposite pulling and residual film recycling integrated harvesting mechanism |
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| CN112219546A true CN112219546A (en) | 2021-01-15 |
| CN112219546B CN112219546B (en) | 2024-04-09 |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114128485A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-04 | 新疆农业大学 | Telescopic cotton stalk pulling device and pulling method |
| CN115462195A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-13 | 云南农业大学 | Tobacco field cleaning machine |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114128485A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-04 | 新疆农业大学 | Telescopic cotton stalk pulling device and pulling method |
| CN115462195A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-12-13 | 云南农业大学 | Tobacco field cleaning machine |
| CN115462195B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-10-17 | 云南农业大学 | Tobacco field cleaning machine |
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