CN109906761A - Machine pick cotton Cotton stalk pulls out swathmaker to row shovel - Google Patents
Machine pick cotton Cotton stalk pulls out swathmaker to row shovel Download PDFInfo
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- CN109906761A CN109906761A CN201910337167.XA CN201910337167A CN109906761A CN 109906761 A CN109906761 A CN 109906761A CN 201910337167 A CN201910337167 A CN 201910337167A CN 109906761 A CN109906761 A CN 109906761A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of machine pick cotton Cotton stalks to pull out swathmaker to row shovel, belongs to agricultural machinery technological field.The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of machine pick cotton Cotton stalks to pull out swathmaker to row shovel, to using the field cotton stalk of machine pick cotton plantation agronomy to carry out, shovel is cut, circumferential throwing is pulled out and windrow operation for realization, depth of implements and angle of penetration are adjustable, and operation power consumption is smaller, meet the demand of Green Development.It includes that cotton stalk pressing device (1), disc type cut native device (2), gauge wheel (3), shovel and cut regulating device (5), shovel cutting apparatus (16), pull out stalk windrow roller (13) and cotton stalk and residual film keeps off de- plate (15) that the machine pick cotton Cotton stalk, which pulls out swathmaker to row shovel,.Present invention combination machine pick cotton plants agronomy design, dense planting plantation cotton go to the field after cotton picker harvests carry out cotton stalk shovel pull out harvest, effectively to row and whole strain cotton stalk can be shoveled incisal guide stream in upper soll layer from root, shovel cut part using bionic principle design, have many advantages, such as operation is low in energy consumption, cotton stalk sliding trackle rate is low, shovel pull out it is high-efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a machine-harvested cotton field cotton stalk paired row-shovel pulling and strip-laying machine, belonging to the technical field of agricultural machinery.
Background
The cotton stalk resources in China are rich and the yield is huge; in 2018, the cotton sowing area is 3.3523 multiplied by 106hm2Total cotton yield 6.096X 10 across the country6t, if calculated according to the average value of the ratio of ginned cotton to grass to valley of 5.02, the total cotton stalk production in China reaches 3.06 multiplied by 107t. The cotton straw is rich in lignocellulose, bast fiber, crude protein, nitrogen, phosphorus and the like, has high comprehensive evaluation on natural suitability and considerable development and utilization potential, and is an important novel energy development and utilization raw material. With the continuous development of the high-efficiency cotton stalk conversion technology, the demand of the cotton stalks is continuously increased, and high-level cotton stalk harvesting mechanization is urgently needed in each cotton production area. The cotton stalks are harvested from the cotton field by using a proper matched cotton stalk harvesting machine, which is the premise of large-scale industrial utilization of the cotton stalks.
At present, the cotton stalks are mainly used for crushing and returning to the field in a cotton production area, although the crushing and returning of the cotton stalks are also a method for utilizing cotton stalk resources, due to the fact that the lignification degree of the cotton stalks is high, rootstalk parts are not easy to rot when being left in soil, disease and insect propagation is easy to cause, and cotton stalk stubbles are provided with residual films and are not beneficial to growth of succeeding crops. In addition, the situation of leaving the root stubble in the field also exists in the cutting and harvesting of the cotton stalks, which influences the planting and growth of the following crops; the problems of high power consumption, difficult separation of cotton stalks from residual films and the like exist in the non-row harvesting. The problem of the cotton stalk shoveling and pulling is undoubtedly solved, and the method has practical significance for saving energy, reducing consumption, improving labor productivity and promoting resource development of the cotton stalk.
The mechanized cotton stalk harvesting is a key technical link of the whole process mechanization of cotton production, the new agricultural technology of mechanical cotton picking and planting at present is characterized by the ultra-narrow line spacing configuration, and a (660+100) mm wide-narrow line close planting mode which is successful in test is widely adopted on the premise of not reducing the cotton yield. The existing cotton stalk shoveling and cutting harvester does not work in opposite rows, and has the problems of high operation power consumption, inapplicability to shoveling and cutting cotton stalks picked by a machine and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a row-shovel pulling and strip-paving machine for cotton stalks in a machine-harvested cotton field, which realizes shovel cutting, circumferential throwing and pulling and strip-paving operations on field cotton stalks adopting machine-harvested cotton planting agriculture, has adjustable operation depth and soil-entering angle and smaller operation power consumption and meets the requirement of green development.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a machine for shoveling, pulling and spreading cotton stalks in rows and spreading the cotton stalks in a machine-harvested cotton field comprises a frame 14 and a bevel gear box 8 fixed on the frame 14; the frame 14 comprises a left side plate 9, a right side plate 9, a front cross beam 4, a middle cross beam 6 and a rear cross beam 10 which are fixedly connected between the two side plates 9 from front to back in sequence;
the front cross beam 4 is provided with a three-point suspension bracket 7; the method is characterized in that:
the row-shoveling, pulling and strip-spreading machine for cotton stalks in the machine-harvested cotton field further comprises a cotton stalk pushing device 1, a disc-type soil cutting device 2, a depth limiting wheel 3, a shoveling and cutting adjusting device 5, a shoveling and cutting device 16, a stalk pulling and strip-spreading roller 13 and a cotton stalk and residual film blocking and stripping plate 15; wherein,
the cotton stalk pushing device 1 comprises a stalk pushing plate 18, a stalk pressing roller 19 and a pair of pushing unit brackets 17; the rear ends of the two pushing unit brackets 17 are fixedly connected with the front ends of the left side plate 9 and the right side plate 9 of the rack 14; the stalk pushing plate 18 is fixedly connected to the front ends of the two pushing unit brackets 17 in an inclined manner with the front higher than the rear lower than the rear, and the stalk pressing roller 19 is rotatably connected between the two pushing unit brackets 17 and positioned behind the stalk pushing plate 18; the height of the surface of the roller body of the stalk pressing roller 19 positioned at the lowest end is lower than the height of the lower end of the stalk pushing plate 18;
the two disc type soil cutting devices 2 with certain intervals form a soil cutting device group, and a plurality of soil cutting device groups are fixedly connected to the front cross beam 4 with certain intervals; the disc type soil cutting device 2 comprises a connecting column 20, an adjusting bolt 21, a connecting rod 47, a disc rotating shaft 48 and a soil cutting disc 22; the top end of the connecting column 20 is fixedly connected to the front cross beam 4 in a height-adjustable manner, and the upper end of the connecting rod 47 is in clearance fit with a hollow tube at the lower end of the connecting column 20 and is fixed with the connecting column 20 through an adjusting bolt 21; the lower end of the connecting rod 47 is vertically fixedly connected with a disk rotating shaft 48, and the soil cutting disk 22 is connected with the disk rotating shaft 48 through a bearing seat;
the two soil cutting disks 22 of the two disk type soil cutting devices 2 of the same soil cutting device group are arranged in a relatively deflection way, and each soil cutting disk 22 and a vertical plane parallel to the advancing direction of the machine tool have a deflection angle α, so that the two soil cutting disks 22 form a structure with a small front opening and a large rear opening;
the two depth wheels 3 are fixedly connected on the front cross beam 4 in a height-adjustable manner and respectively correspond to the left suspension point and the right suspension point of the three-point suspension frame 7;
the shoveling and cutting device 16 comprises a shoveling and cutting hanging frame 25, a shoveling and cutting frame 26, a bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27 and a flow guide grid 28; the cutting adjustment device 5 comprises a pair of adjusting bolts 24 and a pair of adjusting pull rods 29; the shoveling and cutting device 16 is fixedly connected to the front cross beam 4 and the middle cross beam 6 of the frame 14 through the shoveling and cutting adjusting device 5; the plurality of cutting devices 16 are arranged behind the disc type soil cutting device 2 at intervals, and each cutting device 16 corresponds to one soil cutting device group positioned in front of the cutting device;
the shoveling and hanging frame 25 comprises a support rod 30, a hanging rod 31 and a pair of hanging arms 33, wherein the support rod 30 and the hanging rod 31 are fixedly connected to the middle parts and the rear parts of the two hanging arms 33 respectively; the upper end surface of the middle part of each hanging arm 33 is provided with a hanging lug 34, and the hanging rod 31 is provided with two pairs of connecting lugs 32;
the cutting frame 26 comprises a cutting board mounting plate 38 and two cutting side plates 39 which are symmetrically fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the cutting board mounting plate 38; the front ends of the two shovel-cutting side plates 39 are provided with cutting edges;
the top ends of the two shoveling side plates 39 are fixedly connected with the rear parts of the two hanging arms 33 of the shoveling hanging rack 25 respectively;
the bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27 is fixedly connected to the shoveling and cutting plate mounting plate 38; the front end of the bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27 is provided with two shovel tips 41, and the bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27 is uniformly provided with a plurality of mole cricket forebreast and back plate-shaped bulges 40;
a plurality of flow guide grid bars 28 which are arranged in parallel along the operation direction of the machine tool at certain intervals are fixedly connected at the rear end of the bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27;
the lower end face of the front cross beam 4 is provided with a plurality of pairs of longitudinal connecting lugs 35, and the rear end face is provided with a plurality of pairs of transverse connecting lugs 36; a plurality of pairs of wide notch connection lugs 37 are arranged on the lower end surface of the middle cross beam 6;
the front ends of two hitching arms 33 of the shoveling and cutting hitching frame 25 of the shoveling and cutting device 16 are hinged with a pair of longitudinal connecting lugs 35 of the front cross beam 4; smooth column ends of two adjusting bolts 24 of the shoveling and cutting adjusting device 5 are hinged with a pair of transverse connecting lugs 36 of the front cross beam 4, and threaded ends of the two adjusting bolts 24 respectively penetrate through the hanging lugs 34 on the two hanging arms 33 and are fastened through nuts; the lower ends of two adjusting pull rods 29 of the shoveling and cutting adjusting device 5 are respectively hinged with two pairs of connecting lugs 32 on a hanging rod 31, and the upper ends of the two adjusting pull rods 29 are hinged on a pair of wide notch connecting lugs 37 of the middle cross beam 6 in a height-adjustable manner through pin shafts;
the stalk pulling and spreading roller 13 is positioned at the rear part of the shoveling and cutting device 16, and the stalk pulling and spreading roller 13 comprises a stalk pulling shaft 42, a rotating wheel 43, an elastic tooth shaft 44 and stalk pulling elastic teeth 45;
two ends of the stalk pulling shaft 42 are respectively connected with the left side plate 9 and the right side plate 9 of the rack 14 through bearing seats; a plurality of rotating wheels 43 are fixedly connected on the stalk pulling shaft 42 at intervals; a plurality of elastic tooth shafts 44 are uniformly arranged on the plurality of rotation wheels 43 along the outer circumference of the rotation wheels 43 in parallel to the stalk pulling shaft 42; each elastic tooth shaft 44 is provided with a plurality of stalk pulling elastic teeth 45; the power output shaft of the bevel gear gearbox 8 transmits power to the stalk pulling and strip spreading roller 13;
cotton stalk and incomplete membrane keep off and take off board 15 and be an arc, are located the rear of pulling out stalk deckboard roller 13, and cotton stalk and incomplete membrane keep off the top rigid coupling that takes off board 15 on rear beam 10, and the bottom is equipped with a plurality of fender and takes off board opening 46, and every keeps off and takes off board opening 46 and pulls out the stalk of stalk deckboard roller 13 and plays tooth 45 one-to-one for pull out the stalk and play tooth 45 and pass through in swiveling wheel 43 circumferential direction from lower to upper motion process, can follow the fender that corresponds and take off board opening 46.
Wherein, the deflection angle α between the soil cutting disc 22 and the vertical plane parallel to the advancing direction of the machine is 25-45 degrees.
The included angle gamma between the edge side line of the front end of the shoveling and cutting side plate 39 and the vertical plane is 40 degrees, and the included angle β between the plate surface of the shoveling and cutting side plate 39 and the ground is 45 degrees, so that the shoveling and cutting side plate can cut soil on two sides in a continuous sliding cutting mode, the side cutting resistance is effectively reduced, and the impact force applied to the shoveling and cutting device 16 in the side cutting process is reduced.
Wherein, the shovel cutting-in angle delta of the bionic shovel cutting plate 27 is 5-10 degrees.
Wherein, the bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27 is made of 65 Mn.
The diversion grid 28 is a steel bar with a wave-shaped cross section and a circular cross section, and comprises a wave peak section at the front for lifting cotton stubbles and a wave valley section at the rear for screening soil.
Wherein, when the elastic tooth shaft 44 rotates to the highest point away from the ground, the included angle between the stalk-pulling elastic tooth 45 on the elastic tooth shaft 44 and the horizontal direction is 36 degrees.
Wherein, the rear ends of the two pushing unit brackets 17 are provided with a plurality of pin holes with different horizontal heights.
Wherein, the push rod plate 18 and the ground form an included angle of 60 degrees.
The surface of the roller body of the stalk pressing roller 19, which is positioned at the lowest end, is spaced from the ground by a certain distance, and the adjustment range of the spacing distance is 25-35 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the existing shovel-cutting type cotton stalk harvester adopts a single-wing shovel or a double-wing shovel to only carry out single shovel-cutting operation on cotton stalks, and the cotton stalks after shovel-cutting are seriously wrapped with films and have more soil carried by roots; the existing transverse roller serrated knife type is also used for shoveling and pulling cotton stalks into soil, but the operation is not carried out in a row, so that the defects of high operation power consumption, high breaking rate and the like exist; the invention designs a row shovel, row pulling and strip paving machine for cotton stalks of a machine-harvested cotton field based on a row shovel and row pulling cooperation principle and combined with a machine-harvested cotton planting process which is widely pushed at present, implements row shovel, row pulling and strip paving operation on the whole cotton stalks, has low power consumption, and has the functions of separating soil and finishing the cotton stalks.
2. The cotton stalk side compression device utilizes the front cotton stalk pushing device to push cotton stalks at a certain height away from the ground to lie on the ground, and meanwhile, the cotton stalk side compression device compresses the cotton stalk side rods to a certain degree. The lying and gathered cotton stalks are beneficial to passing through the shoveling and cutting device and facilitating the subsequent bundling operation of the cotton stalks, then the disc type soil cutting device carries out soil cutting operation at a position 60mm away from the cotton stalk stubbles, the shoveling and cutting resistance of the subsequent shoveling and cutting device is reduced, the shoveling and cutting depth and the digging angle of the shoveling and cutting device are adjustable, the shoveling and cutting device shovels and cuts the cotton stalks and the stubbles into soil at a certain angle, the cotton stalks and the stubbles are lifted and guided to the surface layer of the soil, the stalk pulling and stubble spreading rollers circumferentially throw and pull the cotton stalks and the stubbles into the field and spread the cotton stalks and residual films, and the cotton stalk and residual film retaining and stripping plates separate the cotton stalks and residual films retained on the stalk pulling elastic teeth, so that the stalk pulling and spreading rollers rotate anticlockwise to reenter the. The operation method of the invention is compact and orderly, can complete a plurality of procedures by one-time operation, and realizes the whole cotton stalk harvest.
3. The cotton stalk pushing device, the disc type soil cutting device, the shoveling and cutting device, the stalk pulling and strip paving roller, the cotton stalk and residual film blocking and stripping plate and the depth limiting wheel are adjustable in operation height, depth or soil entering angle of each operation unit, can be adjusted according to actual operation conditions, ensure the effectiveness of cotton stalk shoveling, pulling and strip paving, and reduce operation power consumption.
4. The core component of the shoveling and cutting device is a bionic shoveling and cutting plate, each bionic shoveling and cutting plate is provided with two shoveling points, the two shoveling points are opposite to two rows of cotton stalks with narrow row spacing, the bionic shoveling and cutting plate is designed according to the bionic principle, and a plurality of oval bulges are uniformly distributed on the bionic shoveling and cutting plate according to the shape design of the front breast back plate of the mole cricket, so that when the bionic shoveling and cutting plate works in soil, like the mole cricket, a tunnel is formed and does not stick to the soil, the soil removal performance is good, the shoveling and cutting resistance is favorably reduced, and the shoveling and cutting efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the bionic shoveling and cutting plate is made of 65 Mn.
5. The cotton harvester has reasonable structural arrangement and the operation width of 2140mm, is suitable for the planting mode of cotton picking (660+100) mm and wide and narrow rows of a one-film six-row (with the width of 2050mm) machine which is widely used at present, and has huge potential popularization and use values.
The invention takes the cotton stalks of the wide and narrow row planting mode of the current widely pushed mechanical cotton picking (660+100) mm as objects, adopts the method of the cooperative operation of shoveling, cutting and lifting to realize the shoveling, pulling and strip-laying operation of the rows of the cotton stalks of the mechanical cotton picking field, the shoveling and cutting part adopts the bionic principle design, the soil removing performance is good, the shoveling and cutting depth is adjustable, the invention has the advantages of low operation power consumption, low cotton stalk shoveling rate, high shoveling and pulling efficiency and the like, realizes the high-efficiency and low-cost harvesting of the mechanical cotton picking stalks, and provides technical guarantee for the high-efficiency utilization of cotton stalk resources in China.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a first structure of a row-shovel-pulling-spreading-machine for mechanically-harvested cotton fields of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view of a row-shovel pulling and strip-laying machine for mechanically harvested cotton field cotton stalks according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the cotton stalk pressing apparatus 1;
FIG. 4a is a schematic structural diagram of the disc type soil cutting device 2;
FIG. 4b is a schematic view of the deflection angle of the soil cutting disk 22;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the depth wheel 3;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a combined structure of the cutting adjustment device 5 and the cutting device 16;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of the scoop hitch 25 of the scoop device 16;
fig. 8a is a schematic structural view of the cutting frame 26 of the cutting device 16;
fig. 8b is a side view of the cutting frame 26 of the cutting device 16;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of the bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27;
fig. 10 is a schematic view of the connection of the cutting device 16 and the cutting adjustment device 5 to the frame;
FIG. 11 is a schematic structural view of the stalk pulling and spreading roll 13;
fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the stalk pulling spring teeth 45;
FIG. 13 is a schematic structural view of the cotton stalk and plastic film residue separation baffle 15;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the operation of the row shovel spreading machine for mechanically harvested cotton field cotton stalks according to the present invention.
Wherein the reference numerals are:
1 cotton stalk pushing and pressing device and 2 disc type soil cutting device
3 depth wheel 4 front beam
5 middle cross beam of shoveling and cutting adjusting device 6
7 three-point suspension frame 8 bevel gear gearbox
9 side plate 10 rear cross beam
11 support beam 12 universal drive shaft
13 draw stalk and spread 14 frames of strip roller
15 cotton stalk and incomplete membrane keep off and take off 16 shovel cutting device of board
17 pushing unit bracket 18 pushing stalk plate
19 stalk pressing roller 20 connecting column
21 adjusting bolt 22 soil cutting disc
23 chuck plate 24 adjusting bolt
25 shoveling hanging rack 26 shoveling frame
27 bionic shoveling and cutting plate 28 flow guide grid
29 adjusting pull rod 30 support rod
31 hanging rod 32 connection lug
33 hanging arm 34 hanging lug
35 longitudinal engaging lug 36 transverse engaging lug
37 wide notch engaging lug 38 shovel cutting board mounting panel
39 spading and cutting side plate 40 mole cricket front chest back plate shaped bulge
41 shovel tip 42 stalk pulling shaft
43 rotating wheel 44 spring gear shaft
45 pull out the opening of the board of 46 fender of the stem spring tooth
47 connecting rod 48 disk rotating shaft
α deflection angle of soil cutting disc 22 from vertical plane parallel to the forward direction of the implement
β included angle between the side plate 39 and the ground
Included angle between front end cutting edge line of gamma cutting side plate 39 and vertical plane
Shovel-cutting soil-entering angle of delta bionic shovel-cutting plate 27
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a machine for shoveling, pulling and spreading cotton stalks in a machine-harvested cotton field comprises a frame 14, a bevel gear box 8, a cotton stalk pushing device 1, a disc type soil cutting device 2, a depth wheel 3, a shoveling and cutting adjusting device 5, a shoveling and cutting device 16, a stalk pulling and spreading roller 13 and a cotton stalk and residual film blocking and stripping plate 15.
The frame 14 comprises a left side plate 9, a right side plate 9, a front cross beam 4, a middle cross beam 6 and a rear cross beam 10 which are fixedly connected between the two side plates 9 from front to back in sequence; and a support beam 11 is fixedly connected between the middle part of the front cross beam 4 and the middle part of the middle cross beam 6.
The bevel gear box 8 is fixed on the frame 14, and further, the bevel gear box 8 is fixed on the support beam 11. The power input shaft of the bevel gear box 8 is connected with the power output shaft of the tractor through a universal joint; the power output shaft of the bevel gear gearbox 8 transmits power to the stalk pulling and strip spreading roller 13.
Preferably, the power output shaft of the bevel gear gearbox 8 is connected with a universal transmission shaft 12, and the universal transmission shaft 12 transmits power to the stalk pulling and spreading roller 13 through chain transmission.
And a three-point suspension bracket 7 is arranged on the front cross beam 4.
As shown in fig. 3, the cotton stalk pressing apparatus 1 includes a stalk pressing plate 18, a stalk pressing roller 19 and a pair of pressing unit brackets 17; the rear ends of the two pushing and pressing unit brackets 17 are respectively provided with a plurality of pin holes with different horizontal heights, and the pin holes are respectively matched with the different pin holes through bolts and fixedly connected with the front ends of the left side plate 9 and the right side plate 9 of the rack 14 in a horizontal height adjustable manner.
The stalk pushing plate 18 is fixedly connected to the front ends of the two pushing unit brackets 17 in an inclined manner with the front higher than the rear lower than the rear, and the stalk pressing roller 19 is rotatably connected between the two pushing unit brackets 17 and positioned behind the stalk pushing plate 18. The height of the surface of the roller body of the stalk pressing roller 19 positioned at the lowest end is lower than that of the lower end of the stalk pushing plate 18.
The stalk pushing plate 18 forms a 60 degree included angle with the ground. The surface of the roller body of the stalk pressing roller 19, which is positioned at the lowest end, is spaced from the ground at a certain distance, the spacing distance is the operation height of the cotton stalk pushing and pressing device 1, and the height value adjustable range is 25 mm-35 mm, preferably 30 mm.
When the machine tool moves forward, the cotton stalk pushing plate 18 pushes and presses cotton stalks to enable the cotton stalks to lie flat, the cotton stalk side branches are compressed by the cotton stalk pressing roller 19, and the main cotton stalk is made to lie flat further. The cotton stalks pushed by the cotton stalk pushing device 1 are not fluffy and deformed and bent any more, so that the cotton stalks can pass through the shoveling and cutting device 16 smoothly in the subsequent operation.
The two disc type soil cutting devices 2 with certain intervals form a soil cutting device group, and a plurality of soil cutting device groups are fixedly connected to the front cross beam 4 with certain intervals. As shown in fig. 4a, the disc type soil cutting device 2 includes a connection column 20, an adjustment bolt 21, a connection rod 47, a disc rotation shaft 48, and a soil cutting disc 22. The top end of the connecting column 20 is fixedly connected to the front cross beam 4 in a height-adjustable manner, and the upper end of the connecting rod 47 is in clearance fit with the hollow tube at the lower end of the connecting column 20 and is fixed with the connecting column 20 through an adjusting bolt 21. The lower end of the connecting rod 47 is vertically fixedly connected with a disk rotating shaft 48, and the soil cutting disk 22 is connected with the disk rotating shaft 48 through a bearing seat.
As shown in figure 4b, the two soil cutting disks 22 of the two disk type soil cutting devices 2 of the same soil cutting device group are arranged in a relatively deflected mode, each soil cutting disk 22 and a vertical plane parallel to the advancing direction of the machine tool have a deflection angle α, the deflection angle α is 25-45 degrees, preferably 30 degrees, the soil cutting disk 22 on the left side deflects towards the right side, the soil cutting disk 22 on the right side deflects towards the left side, the two soil cutting disks 22 form a structure with a small front opening and a large rear opening, soil cutting operation can be carried out on soil on two rows of narrow row distances at two sides of cotton stalks pushed and laid by the cotton stalk pushing device 1, the soil is cut at positions 60mm away from the cotton stalk stubbles respectively and turned outwards to form two operation trenches, and the shoveling and cutting operation of the subsequent shoveling and cutting device is facilitated.
The spacing distance between the connecting columns 20 of the two disc type soil cutting devices 2 in the same group is 260mm, the adjusting angle α of the soil cutting disc 22 is adjusted by loosening the adjusting bolt 21 and rotating the connecting rod 47, the ditching depth is adjusted by adjusting the height of the connecting columns 20, and the adjusting range of the ditching depth is 40-70 mm, preferably 50 mm.
As shown in fig. 5, the two depth wheels 3 are fixedly connected to the front beam 4 via a clamping plate 23 and U-shaped bolts with adjustable height, and respectively correspond to the left and right suspension points of the three-point suspension frame 7, so as to ensure that the front cotton stalk pushing and pressing device 1 operates at a certain operating height from the ground and limit the cutting depth of the rear cutting device 16.
As shown in fig. 6, the cutting device 16 includes a cutting hitch 25, a cutting frame 26, a bionic cutting board 27, and a guide grid 28. The cutting adjustment device 5 includes a pair of adjustment bolts 24 and a pair of adjustment tie rods 29. The shoveling and cutting devices 16 are fixedly connected to the front cross beam 4 and the middle cross beam 6 of the frame 14 through shoveling and cutting adjusting devices 5, a plurality of shoveling and cutting devices 16 are arranged behind the disc type soil cutting device 2 at intervals, and each shoveling and cutting device 16 corresponds to one soil cutting device group positioned in front of the shoveling and cutting device group; the cutting adjustment device 5 is used for adjusting the cutting depth and the soil penetration angle of the cutting device 16.
As shown in fig. 7, the cutting hitch 25 includes a support rod 30, a hitch rod 31 and a pair of hitching arms 33, wherein the support rod 30 and the hitch rod 31 are respectively fixed at the middle and rear parts of the two hitching arms 33; the upper end surface of the middle part of each hanging arm 33 is provided with a hanging lug 34, and the hanging rod 31 is provided with two pairs of connecting lugs 32.
As shown in fig. 8a and 8b, the cutting frame 26 includes a cutting board mounting plate 38 and two cutting side plates 39 symmetrically fixed to the left and right ends of the cutting board mounting plate 38, the front ends of the two cutting side plates 39 are provided with cutting edges, an included angle γ between a side line of the cutting edges and a vertical plane is 40 °, and an included angle β between a surface of the cutting side plate 39 and the ground is 45 °, so that the cutting side plates cut the soil on both sides in a continuous sliding cutting manner, thereby effectively reducing the resistance of side cutting and reducing the impact force applied to the cutting device 16 during the side cutting process.
The top ends of the two cutting side plates 39 are fixedly connected to the rear portions of the two hitching arms 33 of the cutting hitching frame 25.
The bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27 is fixedly connected to the shoveling and cutting plate mounting plate 38. As shown in fig. 9, the front end of the bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27 is provided with two shoveling tips 41, the bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27 is uniformly provided with a plurality of mole cricket forebreast and back plate-shaped protrusions 40, so that shoveling and cutting resistance is reduced, and the clay content of the shoveling and cutting plate is reduced, thereby improving shoveling and cutting efficiency. The spacing distance between the two shovel points 41 is equal to the row spacing between two rows of narrow row spacing cotton stalks, and the cotton stalks with the two rows of narrow row spacing (the row spacing is 100mm) are shoveled and cut. The bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27 is made of 65 Mn.
A plurality of flow guide grid bars 28 which are arranged in parallel along the operation direction of the machine tool at certain intervals are fixedly connected at the rear end of the bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27. The flow guiding grid 28 is a steel bar with a wavy cross section and a circular cross section, and comprises a wave peak section at the front for lifting cotton stubbles and a wave valley section at the rear for screening soil.
Preferably, 9 diversion grid bars 28 are arranged at the rear end of the bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27, the distance between every two adjacent diversion grid bars 28 is 10mm, in the process of diversion and stubble lifting, fine soil blocks can pass through gaps between the fine soil blocks, and the diversion grid bars 28 have the function of separating soil.
The cutting depth of the cutting device 16 is set to 100mm according to the variety of the cotton harvested by the machine, and the cutting angle delta of the bionic cutting board 27 is 5-10 degrees.
As shown in fig. 10, the front cross member 4 has a plurality of pairs of longitudinal engaging lugs 35 on its lower end surface and a plurality of pairs of transverse engaging lugs 36 on its rear end surface. And a plurality of pairs of wide notch connection lugs 37 are arranged on the lower end surface of the middle cross beam 6.
The front ends of the two hitching arms 33 of the cutting hitching frame 25 of the cutting device 16 are hinged with a pair of longitudinal connecting lugs 35 of the front beam 4. Smooth column ends of two adjusting bolts 24 of the shoveling and cutting adjusting device 5 are hinged with a pair of transverse connecting lugs 36 of the front cross beam 4, and threaded ends of the two adjusting bolts 24 respectively penetrate through the hanging lugs 34 on the two hanging arms 33 and are fastened through nuts. The lower ends of two adjusting pull rods 29 of the shoveling and cutting adjusting device 5 are respectively hinged with two pairs of connecting lugs 32 on a hanging rod 31, and the upper ends of the two adjusting pull rods 29 are hinged on a pair of wide notch connecting lugs 37 of the middle cross beam 6 in a height-adjustable manner through pin shafts.
When the cutting adjusting device 5 adjusts the soil-entering angle and the cutting depth of the cutting device 16, firstly, the inclination angle of the hitching arm 33 is changed by changing the screw positions of the adjusting bolt 24 and the nut, after the proper soil-entering angle is adjusted, the connecting position of the adjusting pull rod 29 at the wide notch connecting lug 37 is determined, and the wide notch connecting lug is connected and fastened, so that the purpose of adjusting the soil-entering angle and the cutting depth of the cutting device 16 (the depth change with small range along with the soil-entering angle change) is achieved.
Preferably, the disc type soil cutting devices 2 are arranged on the front beam 4, and 6 are arranged, and 3 groups of 2 disc type soil cutting devices 2 are arranged in one group. The combination of 3 groups of cutting adjusting devices 5 and cutting devices 16 is provided, the operation width of the cutting devices 16 in each group is 410mm, cutting operation is carried out on two lines of narrow row spacing cotton stalks in a (660+100) mm machine-harvested cotton wide and narrow row planting mode, and the purpose of pulling up and pulling up the cotton stalks planted in the agricultural art on 1 film 6 machine-harvested cotton wide and narrow rows (660+100mm) is achieved.
As shown in fig. 11, the stalk pulling and spreading roller 13 is positioned at the rear of the shoveling and cutting device 16, and the stalk pulling and spreading roller 13 comprises a stalk pulling shaft 42, a rotating wheel 43, an elastic tooth shaft 44 and stalk pulling elastic teeth 45.
Two ends of the stalk pulling shaft 42 are respectively connected with the left side plate 9 and the right side plate 9 of the rack 14 through bearing seats. A plurality of rotating wheels 43 are fixedly connected on the stalk pulling shaft 42 at intervals; a plurality of elastic tooth shafts 44 are uniformly provided on the plurality of rotation wheels 43 along the outer circumference of the rotation wheels 43 in parallel to the stalk pulling shaft 42. Each elastic tooth shaft 44 is provided with a plurality of stalk pulling elastic teeth 45.
As shown in fig. 12, the stalk pulling elastic teeth 45 have certain toughness and resilience, and each stalk pulling elastic tooth 45 corresponds to a gap between two adjacent diversion grids 28 of the relieving device 16; when the stalk pulling elastic teeth 45 rotate along with the rotating wheel 43 in the circumferential direction, the stalk pulling elastic teeth can pass through gaps between two corresponding adjacent guide grid bars 28, and the whole cotton stalks placed on the surface layer of the soil are circumferentially stirred and thrown backwards to be paved in the field.
The stalk pulling and spreading roller 13 rotates counterclockwise (as shown in fig. 14) with a radius of rotation of 225 mm.
Preferably, when the elastic tooth shaft 44 rotates to the highest point away from the ground, the included angle of the stalk-pulling elastic tooth 45 on the elastic tooth shaft 44 and the horizontal direction is 36 degrees. The diameter of the section of the stalk pulling elastic tooth 45 is 3 mm.
As shown in fig. 13, the cotton stalk and residual film blocking and releasing plate 15 is an arc-shaped plate and located behind the stalk pulling and spreading roller 13, the top end of the cotton stalk and residual film blocking and releasing plate 15 is fixedly connected to the rear cross beam 10, the bottom end of the cotton stalk and residual film blocking and releasing plate is provided with a plurality of blocking and releasing plate openings 46, each blocking and releasing plate opening 46 corresponds to the stalk pulling and bouncing teeth 45 of the stalk pulling and spreading roller 13 one by one, so that the stalk pulling and bouncing teeth 45 can pass through the corresponding blocking and releasing plate openings 46 in the circumferential rotation process of the rotating wheel 43 from bottom to top, and the cotton stalk and residual film blocking and releasing plate 15 separates cotton stalks, residual branches and residual films tangled on the stalk pulling and bouncing teeth 45.
Preferably, the width of the catch plate opening 46 is 5mm, which ensures that the stalk pulling spring teeth 45 can pass through.
The working process of the invention is as follows:
after the cotton picker finishes working, the machine enters the field for working. The machine-harvested cotton field cotton stalk row-cutting and strip-spreading machine is suspended at the rear end of a tractor through a three-point suspension bracket 7, and power is transmitted to a power input shaft of a bevel gear gearbox 8 through a universal joint by a power output shaft of the tractor. As shown in fig. 14, the cotton stalk pushing device 1 firstly contacts the cotton stalks, the cotton stalks are gathered and lie on the ground under the cooperative operation of the cotton stalk pushing plate 18 and the stalk pressing roller 19, the cotton stalk pushing device 1 operates at a certain height away from the ground, the operation height is adjustable, and the cotton stalks can be prevented from being broken off in the pushing process by the proper operation height (30 mm); then the disc type soil cutting devices 2 are used for soil cutting operation, two disc type soil cutting devices 2 with the interval distance of 260mm form a group, soil cutting operation is carried out on two rows of cotton stalks with narrow row spacing, soil is cut at positions 60mm away from the cotton stalk stubbles respectively and is turned outwards, the soil cutting depth is adjustable, and the adjusting range is 40 mm-70 mm; then the bionic shoveling and cutting plate 23 on the shoveling and cutting device 16 shovels off the cotton stalk stubbles by digging at a certain angle (the digging angle is 5 degrees), two shoveling points 41 are arranged on the bionic shoveling and cutting plate 27, the distance between the shoveling points 41 is 100mm, the opposite row shoveling and cutting of two narrow rows in the mechanical cotton-picking planting agriculture is realized, and the cotton stalk opposite row shoveling and cutting of the 1-film 6-row cotton-picking wide-narrow-row (660+100) mm planting agriculture can be just realized by 3 shoveling and cutting devices 16. In the shoveling and cutting operation link, the shoveling and cutting adjusting device 5 can cooperatively adjust the soil-entering angle and a certain shoveling and cutting depth of the shoveling and cutting device through the adjusting bolt 24, the adjusting pull rod 29, the nut and the like, can be adjusted according to the actual operation condition, and ensures that the shoveling and cutting operation of cotton stalks is effective and low in consumption; the stubble and cotton stalk after being cut by the bionic cutting board 27 are lifted by the diversion grid bars 28 along with the advancing of the machine set and are guided to the surface layer of the soil; the cotton stalk pulling and spreading roller 13 and the shoveling and cutting device 16 work cooperatively, the stalk pulling elastic teeth 45 on the cotton stalk pulling and spreading roller rotate anticlockwise and pass through gaps of the diversion grid bars 28, and the whole cotton stalks on the surface layer are circumferentially thrown and spread in the field and spread; cotton stalk and residual film retaining and stripping plates 15 are provided with retaining and stripping plate openings 46 at positions opposite to the stalk pulling elastic teeth 45, so that cotton stalks, residual branches and residual films retained on the stalk pulling elastic teeth 45 can be separated, and the stalk pulling and strip laying roller 13 rotates anticlockwise to reenter the next throwing, pulling and strip laying operation.
Claims (10)
1. A machine for shoveling, pulling and spreading cotton stalks in a row and a row in a machine-harvested cotton field comprises a rack (14) and a bevel gear transmission case (8) fixed on the rack (14); the rack (14) comprises a left side plate and a right side plate (9), and a front cross beam (4), a middle cross beam (6) and a rear cross beam (10) which are fixedly connected between the two side plates (9) from front to back in sequence;
the front cross beam (4) is provided with a three-point suspension bracket (7); the method is characterized in that:
the row-shoveling, pulling and strip-paving machine for cotton stalks in the machine-harvested cotton field further comprises a cotton stalk pushing device (1), a disc-type soil cutting device (2), a depth limiting wheel (3), a shoveling and cutting adjusting device (5), a shoveling and cutting device (16), a stalk pulling and strip-paving roller (13) and a cotton stalk and residual film blocking and stripping plate (15); wherein,
the cotton stalk pushing device (1) comprises a stalk pushing plate (18), a stalk pressing roller (19) and a pair of pushing unit brackets (17); the rear ends of the two pushing unit brackets (17) are fixedly connected with the front ends of the left side plate and the right side plate (9) of the rack (14); the stalk pushing plate (18) is fixedly connected to the front ends of the two pushing unit brackets (17) in an inclined manner with the front higher than the back lower than the back, and the stalk pressing roller (19) is rotatably connected between the two pushing unit brackets (17) and is positioned behind the stalk pushing plate (18); the height of the surface of the roller body of the stalk pressing roller (19) positioned at the lowest end is lower than the height of the lower end of the stalk pushing plate (18);
the two disc type soil cutting devices (2) with certain intervals form a soil cutting device group, and a plurality of soil cutting device groups are fixedly connected to the front cross beam (4) with certain intervals; the disc type soil cutting device (2) comprises a connecting column (20), an adjusting bolt (21), a connecting rod (47), a disc rotating shaft (48) and a soil cutting disc (22); the top end of the connecting column (20) is fixedly connected to the front cross beam (4) in a height-adjustable manner, and the upper end of the connecting rod (47) is in clearance fit with the hollow tube at the lower end of the connecting column (20) and is fixed with the connecting column (20) through an adjusting bolt (21); the lower end of the connecting rod (47) is vertically fixedly connected with the disc rotating shaft (48), and the soil cutting disc (22) is connected with the disc rotating shaft (48) through a bearing seat;
two soil cutting disks (22) of two disk type soil cutting devices (2) of the same soil cutting device group are arranged in a relatively deflection way, and each soil cutting disk (22) and a vertical plane parallel to the advancing direction of the machine tool have a deflection angle α, so that the two soil cutting disks (22) form a structure with a small opening at the front part and a large opening at the rear part;
the two depth wheels (3) are fixedly connected on the front cross beam (4) in a height-adjustable manner and respectively correspond to the left suspension point and the right suspension point of the three-point suspension frame (7);
the shoveling and cutting device (16) comprises a shoveling and cutting hanging rack (25), a shoveling and cutting frame (26), a bionic shoveling and cutting plate (27) and a flow guide grid bar (28); the cutting adjusting device (5) comprises a pair of adjusting bolts (24) and a pair of adjusting pull rods (29); the shoveling and cutting device (16) is fixedly connected to a front cross beam (4) and a middle cross beam (6) of the frame (14) through a shoveling and cutting adjusting device (5); the plurality of shoveling and cutting devices (16) are arranged behind the disc type soil cutting device (2) at intervals, and each shoveling and cutting device (16) corresponds to one soil cutting device group positioned in front of the shoveling and cutting device group;
the shovel cutting hanging rack (25) comprises a support rod (30), a hanging rod (31) and a pair of hanging arms (33), wherein the support rod (30) and the hanging rod (31) are fixedly connected to the middle parts and the rear parts of the two hanging arms (33) respectively; the upper end surface of the middle part of each hanging arm (33) is provided with a hanging lug (34), and the hanging rod (31) is provided with two pairs of connecting lugs (32);
the shoveling and cutting frame (26) comprises a shoveling and cutting plate mounting plate (38) and two shoveling and cutting side plates (39) which are symmetrically and fixedly connected to the left end and the right end of the shoveling and cutting plate mounting plate (38); the front ends of the two shoveling and cutting side plates (39) are provided with cutting edges;
the top ends of the two shovel side plates (39) are fixedly connected with the rear parts of the two hanging arms (33) of the shovel hanging rack (25) respectively;
the bionic shoveling and cutting plate (27) is fixedly connected to the shoveling and cutting plate mounting plate (38); the front end of the bionic shoveling and cutting plate (27) is provided with two shovel tips (41), and the bionic shoveling and cutting plate (27) is uniformly provided with a plurality of mole cricket forebreast and back plate-shaped bulges (40);
a plurality of flow guide grid bars (28) which are arranged in parallel along the operation direction of the machine tool at certain intervals are fixedly connected with the rear end of the bionic shoveling and cutting plate (27);
the lower end face of the front cross beam (4) is provided with a plurality of pairs of longitudinal connecting lugs (35), and the rear end face is provided with a plurality of pairs of transverse connecting lugs (36); a plurality of pairs of wide notch connection lugs (37) are arranged on the lower end surface of the middle cross beam (6);
the front ends of two hanging arms (33) of a shoveling and cutting hanging frame (25) of the shoveling and cutting device (16) are hinged with a pair of longitudinal connecting lugs (35) of the front cross beam (4); smooth column ends of two adjusting bolts (24) of the shoveling and cutting adjusting device (5) are hinged with a pair of transverse connecting lugs (36) of the front cross beam (4), and threaded ends of the two adjusting bolts (24) respectively penetrate through the hanging and connecting lugs (34) on the two hanging and connecting arms (33) and are fastened through nuts; the lower ends of two adjusting pull rods (29) of the shoveling and cutting adjusting device (5) are respectively hinged with two pairs of connecting lugs (32) on the hanging rod (31), and the upper ends of the two adjusting pull rods (29) are hinged on a pair of wide notch connecting lugs (37) of the middle cross beam (6) in a height-adjustable manner through pin shafts;
the stalk pulling and spreading roller (13) is positioned behind the shoveling and cutting device (16), and the stalk pulling and spreading roller (13) comprises a stalk pulling shaft (42), a rotating wheel (43), an elastic tooth shaft (44) and stalk pulling elastic teeth (45);
two ends of the stalk pulling shaft (42) are respectively connected with a left side plate and a right side plate (9) of the rack (14) through bearing seats; a plurality of rotating wheels (43) are fixedly connected on the stalk pulling shaft (42) at certain intervals; the plurality of elastic tooth shafts (44) are parallel to the stalk pulling shaft (42) and are uniformly arranged on the plurality of rotating wheels (43) along the outer circumference of the rotating wheels (43); each elastic tooth shaft (44) is provided with a plurality of stalk pulling elastic teeth (45); a power output shaft of the bevel gear gearbox (8) transmits power to the stalk pulling and strip spreading roller (13);
cotton stalk and incomplete membrane keep off taking off board (15) are an arc, are located the rear of pulling out stalk deckboard roller (13), and cotton stalk and incomplete membrane keep off the top rigid coupling that takes off board (15) on rear beam (10), and the bottom is equipped with a plurality of fender and takes off board opening (46), and every keeps off taking off board opening (46) and the stalk pulling out of pulling out stalk deckboard roller (13) plays tooth (45) one-to-one for pull out the stalk and play tooth (45) in swiveling wheel (43) circumferential direction from the motion process that makes progress down, can follow the fender that corresponds and take off and pass through in board opening (46).
2. The machine-harvested cotton field cotton stalk paired row shovel, pulling and spreading machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deflection angle α of said soil cutting disc (22) to the vertical plane parallel to the forward direction of the implement is 25 ° to 45 °.
3. The machine-harvested cotton field cotton stalk row-shoveling, pulling and spreading machine according to claim 1 is characterized in that an included angle gamma between a cutting edge side line of the front end of the shoveling and cutting side plate (39) and a vertical plane is 40 degrees, and an included angle β between a plate surface of the shoveling and cutting side plate (39) and the ground is 45 degrees, so that the shoveling and cutting side plate can cut soil on two sides in a continuous sliding cutting mode, thereby effectively reducing the side cutting resistance and reducing the impact force on the shoveling and cutting device (16) in the side cutting process.
4. The machine-harvested cotton field cotton stalk paired row shovel, pulling and spreading machine as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: the shovel cutting-in angle delta of the bionic shovel cutting plate (27) is 5-10 degrees.
5. The machine-harvested cotton field cotton stalk paired row shovel, pulling and spreading machine as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: the bionic shoveling and cutting plate (27) is made of 65 Mn.
6. The machine-harvested cotton field cotton stalk paired row shovel, pulling and spreading machine as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: the flow guide grid bar (28) is a steel bar which is wavy and has a circular cross section, and comprises a wave peak section at the front part for lifting cotton stubbles and a wave valley section at the rear part for screening soil.
7. The machine-harvested cotton field cotton stalk paired row shovel, pulling and spreading machine as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: when the elastic tooth shaft (44) rotates to the highest point away from the ground, the included angle between the stalk-pulling elastic tooth (45) on the elastic tooth shaft (44) and the horizontal direction is 36 degrees.
8. The machine-harvested cotton field cotton stalk paired row shovel, pulling and spreading machine as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: the rear ends of the two pushing and pressing unit brackets (17) are respectively provided with a plurality of pin holes with different horizontal heights.
9. The machine-harvested cotton field cotton stalk paired row shovel, pulling and spreading machine as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: the push rod plate (18) and the ground form an included angle of 60 degrees.
10. The machine-harvested cotton field cotton stalk paired row shovel, pulling and spreading machine as recited in claim 1, characterized in that: the surface of the roller body of the stalk pressing roller (19) at the lowest end is spaced from the ground by a certain distance, and the adjusting range of the spacing distance is 25-35 mm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910337167.XA CN109906761B (en) | 2019-04-25 | 2019-04-25 | Cotton stalk opposite-row shoveling and spreading machine for cotton field |
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| CN201910337167.XA CN109906761B (en) | 2019-04-25 | 2019-04-25 | Cotton stalk opposite-row shoveling and spreading machine for cotton field |
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| CN109906761B CN109906761B (en) | 2023-11-24 |
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| CN112219546A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-01-15 | 塔里木大学 | Cotton stalk is to going to be played and is pulled out and integrative results mechanism is retrieved to incomplete membrane |
| CN113485320A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-10-08 | 江苏大学 | Auxiliary row-aligning harvesting control method for crawler-type corn harvester |
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