CN112189468A - Method for interplanting camellia oleifera and cultivating large seedlings in greening broad-leaved forest - Google Patents
Method for interplanting camellia oleifera and cultivating large seedlings in greening broad-leaved forest Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for interplanting camellia oleifera and cultivating large seedlings in a greening broad-leaved forest, and relates to the technical field of camellia oleifera planting. The method for interplanting the camellia oleifera and the broad-leaved forest for greening to cultivate the large seedlings comprises the steps of preparing a cutting bed, selecting the seedlings, cuttage, cultivating the seedlings, secondarily selecting the seedlings and cuttage, selecting and preparing the interplanting forest, transplanting and interplanting. The cutting slips are obtained from the plants with excellent growth characters and are cultivated into first-generation seedlings through cutting, and then secondary cutting is carried out, so that the camellia oleifera seedlings have better rooting characteristics, excellent growth character genes can be kept, the quality of the cultivated camellia oleifera large seedlings is better, the cutting bed for cultivation can be sterilized before and during use, the root rot of the seedlings for cutting can be effectively prevented, sufficient watering and fertilizing are carried out during cultivation, the camellia oleifera seedling cutting cultivation success rate is higher, and the cultivated camellia oleifera seedlings are interplanted in deciduous broad-leaf forests, so that the utilization rate of the land is greatly improved, and the method is worthy of vigorous popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of camellia oleifera planting, in particular to a method for interplanting camellia oleifera in a greening broad-leaved forest to culture large seedlings.
Background
The tea-oil tree is named as tea tree, tea oil tree and white flower tea, and the tea-oil tree belongs to the family of tea and is a evergreen small arbor, and because the seeds of the tea-oil tree can extract oil for eating, the tea oil is a high-quality edible oil with clear color, fragrant taste, rich nutrition and storage resistance, and can also be used as lubricating oil and anti-rust oil for industry, the tea cake is not only a pesticide but also a fertilizer, can improve the water storage capacity of a farmland and prevent and control rice field pests, and the peel is a raw material for extracting tannin extract.
The common camellia oleifera cultivation methods comprise seeding and seedling raising, cutting and grafting seedling raising, but the cultivation period of the seeding and seedling raising is too long, excellent growth genes cannot be stably kept, the difficulty of the cutting and grafting cultivation is far higher than that of the seeding and cultivation, cultivation failure is easily caused due to improper cultivation or management in the cultivation process, land resources are wasted when the seeding and cultivation of camellia oleifera is carried out on the land alone, and the yield in the unit area of the land is low.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for interplanting camellia oleifera large seedlings in a greening broad-leaved forest, which solves the problems that the cultivation of the camellia oleifera large seedlings is difficult and the land utilization rate is low.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for interplanting camellia oleifera in green broad-leaved forest to cultivate big seedlings comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing slotting machine
Firstly, mixing 50-60 parts by weight of loess, 10-15 parts by weight of river sand, 3-6 parts by weight of organic phosphate fertilizer, 10-15 parts by weight of rice chaff and 8-10 parts by weight of farmyard manure together, uniformly stirring, then preparing nutrient soil for seedling cultivation after decomposing for 10-15 days, then uniformly mixing the nutrient soil and an sterilizing agent according to the weight ratio of 15: 1, and watering for one week;
s2, selecting seedlings
Selecting a plant with good growth character from the improved clone camellia oleifera mature plants, and then cutting out branches with half lignification, complete leaves, full axillary buds and no diseases and insect pests in the current year from the crown parts of the selected plants to be used as cutting slips;
s3, cuttage
During cuttage, firstly, thoroughly watering soil in a cutting bed by using water, immersing a cutting opening of a cutting shoot into a 100ppm indolebutyric acid solution for 36-48 hours, and then inserting the cutting shoot into the cutting bed prepared in advance, wherein the plant spacing is 4-6 cm during cuttage, and the row spacing is 10-15 cm;
s4, seedling cultivation
After cuttage is finished, placing the cutting bed into a greenhouse for cultivation, keeping the room temperature of the greenhouse at 17-20 ℃ and the humidity at 85-90%, keeping the transmittance of the greenhouse at 20-30% in the cultivation process, carrying out foliage watering in the morning and at the evening every day in the cultivation process, carrying out foliage spraying every 5 days, carrying out sterilization again every 10 days by using a sterilizing agent, and culturing seedlings for 1-2 years to obtain first-generation seedlings;
s5, secondary seedling selection and cuttage
Selecting a plant with good growth character from the first generation seedling, intercepting a branch which is semi-lignified in the current year, has complete leaves, plump axillary buds and has no plant diseases and insect pests from the crown part of the selected plant as a second generation cutting shoot, and then cutting and seedling cultivation are carried out on the second generation cutting shoot again, and the second generation cutting shoot becomes a seedling to be planted after being cultivated for 1-3 months and rooted;
s6, selection and preparation of interplanting forest
Selecting deciduous broad-leaved forests with annual average temperature of 15-18 ℃, annual rainfall of more than 1000mm, gradient of less than 10 degrees and altitude of less than 600m as a set of planting forests, selecting woodland fields for preparing planting holes, keeping the distance between the planting holes at 2-4 m, paving a layer of filler with thickness of 10-30 mm at the bottom in the planting holes, filling the filling with soil, and then thoroughly watering with water;
s7, transplanting and interplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to be planted with soil into the planting holes, compacting and flattening the soil in the planting holes, covering a plastic film greenhouse, watering the roots every 15-20 days, applying farmyard manure once, removing the plastic film greenhouse after 2-3 months, and growing for 1-2 years to obtain high-quality big seedlings.
Preferably, the loess in the nutrient soil is raw soil, and the loess and river sand are sieved by a sieve of 60-80 meshes before use.
Preferably, the sterilizing agent is prepared by mixing 75% of quintozene, 85% of trichloroisocyanuric acid and zineb according to the ratio of 1: 2.
Preferably, the length of each cutting is 3-5 cm, more than two complete leaves are arranged on each cutting, cuts with a left and right inclination angle of 45 degrees are reserved in the cutting process of each cutting, the cuts are smooth and flat, and the depth of the cutting in the soil reaches the base of a leaf stalk in the cutting process of each cutting.
Preferably, the fertilizer used for foliar fertilizer spraying during seedling cultivation is an organic water fertilizer, the organic water fertilizer is prepared by mixing 2-4 parts by weight of borax, 1.5-2.5 parts by weight of ferrous sulfate, 1.2-3.2 parts by weight of zinc sulfate, 0.5-2.2 parts by weight of indolebutyric acid, 78-2 parts by weight of vitamin B1, 0.3-0.9 part by weight of anti-withering agent, 5-8 parts by weight of nitrogen fertilizer, 3-5 parts by weight of phosphate fertilizer, 2-3 parts by weight of potash fertilizer and 5-10 parts by weight of urea, and the organic water fertilizer needs to be diluted by water according to a ratio of 1: 100 when in use.
Preferably, the filler is prepared by uniformly mixing and stirring 6-8 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 4-8 parts of potash fertilizer, 11-13 parts of urea, 15-20 parts of farmyard manure, 20-25 parts of sawdust and 10-16 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues in parts by weight.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a method for interplanting camellia oleifera and cultivating large seedlings in a greening broad-leaved forest. The method has the following beneficial effects:
the cutting slips are obtained from plants with excellent growth characters, and are cut and cultivated into primary seedlings in a cutting bed, and then the cutting slips are cut for secondary cutting, so that the tea-oil tree seedlings have better rooting characteristics, the growth and development of the tea-oil tree seedlings are facilitated, excellent growth character genes can be kept, the quality of the cultivated tea-oil tree seedlings is better, the cutting bed for cultivation can be sterilized before and during use, the root rot of the seedlings for cutting can be effectively prevented, the watering and fertilizing are carried out in the cultivation process, the cutting cultivation success rate of the tea-oil tree seedlings is higher, and the cultivated tea-oil tree seedlings are interplanted in deciduous trees, so that the utilization rate of land is greatly improved, the earning rate in a unit area of the land is higher, and the method is worthy of great popularization.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for interplanting camellia oleifera in green broad-leaved forest to cultivate large seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing slotting machine
Firstly, 55 parts of loess, 12 parts of river sand, 4 parts of organic phosphate fertilizer, 12 parts of rice chaff and 8 parts of farmyard manure are mixed together according to the parts by weight and are uniformly stirred, then the mixture is decomposed for 12 days to prepare nutrient soil for seedling cultivation, and then the nutrient soil and a sterilizing agent are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 15: 1 and are watered for one week, so that the nutrient soil can be sterilized, and the root of the oil-tea camellia seedlings after cuttage is prevented from rotting;
s2, selecting seedlings
Selecting a plant with good growth character from the improved clone camellia oleifera mature plants, and then cutting out branches with half lignification, complete leaves, full axillary buds and no diseases and insect pests in the current year from the crown parts of the selected plants to be used as cutting slips;
s3, cuttage
When cutting, firstly, thoroughly watering the soil in the cutting bed with water, immersing the cutting opening of the cutting shoot in a 100ppm indolebutyric acid solution for 42 hours, and then inserting the cutting shoot into the cutting bed prepared in advance, wherein the plant spacing is 4-6 cm and the row spacing is 10-15 cm during cutting, and the indolebutyric acid solution is soaked to help the oil-tea camellia seedling to take root;
s4, seedling cultivation
After cuttage is finished, placing the cutting bed into a greenhouse for cultivation, keeping the room temperature of the greenhouse at 17-20 ℃ and the humidity at 85-90%, keeping the transmittance of the greenhouse at 20-30% in the cultivation process, carrying out foliage watering in the morning and at the evening every day in the cultivation process, carrying out foliage spraying every 5 days, carrying out sterilization again every 10 days by using a sterilizing agent, and culturing seedlings for 1-2 years to obtain first-generation seedlings;
s5, secondary seedling selection and cuttage
Selecting a plant with good growth character from the first generation seedling, intercepting the crown part of the selected plant to obtain the branch which is semi-lignified in the current year, has complete leaves, plump axillary buds and has no plant diseases and insect pests as the second generation cutting shoot, then cutting and seedling cultivation are carried out on the second generation cutting shoot again, the second generation cutting shoot becomes the seedling to be planted after being cultivated for 1-3 months to take root, the second cutting can enable the camellia oleifera seedling to have the characteristic of juvenile and easy rooting, and the cutting can keep the good growth character gene of the camellia oleifera seedling when the camellia oleifera seedling is selected, so that the cultivated camellia oleifera seedling grows better;
s6, selection and preparation of interplanting forest
Selecting deciduous broad-leaved forest with annual average temperature of 15-18 ℃, annual rainfall of more than 1000mm, gradient of less than 10 degrees and altitude of less than 600m as a set of planting forest, selecting woodland to prepare planting holes, keeping the distance between the planting holes at 2-4 m, paving a layer of 15mm thick filler at the bottom in each planting hole, filling the filling hole with soil, and then thoroughly watering the filling hole with water;
s7, transplanting and interplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to be planted with soil into the planting holes, compacting and flattening the soil in the planting holes, covering the planting holes with a plastic film greenhouse, watering the roots every 15 days, applying farmyard manure once, wherein the fertilizing amount is 0.6 kg/plant, removing the plastic film greenhouse after 2 months, and growing for 1-2 years to obtain high-quality big seedlings, and the land utilization rate can be greatly improved and the income rate in a unit area of land can be improved by interplanting.
The loess in the nutrient soil is raw soil, and the loess and river sand are sieved by a sieve of 80 meshes before use.
The sterilizing agent is prepared by mixing 75 percent of quintozene, 85 percent of trichloroisocyanuric acid and zineb according to the proportion of 1: 2.
The lengths of the cutting slips are 3-5 cm, more than two complete leaves are arranged on the cutting slips, cuts with the inclination angle of about 45 degrees are reserved in the cutting slips, the cuts are smooth and flat, and the depth of the cutting slips into the soil reaches the base of a leaf stalk in the cutting process.
The fertilizer used for foliar fertilizer spraying during seedling cultivation is organic water fertilizer, the organic water fertilizer is prepared by mixing 2 parts of borax, 1.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.3 parts of indolebutyric acid, 1 parts of vitamin B, 0.5 part of anti-withering agent, 6 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 3 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts of potash fertilizer and 6 parts of urea according to parts by weight, and the organic water fertilizer needs to be diluted by water according to the proportion of 1: 100 when in use.
The filler is prepared by uniformly mixing and stirring 6 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 7 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 5 parts of potash fertilizer, 11 parts of urea, 16 parts of farmyard manure, 22 parts of sawdust and 12 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues in parts by weight.
Example two:
the embodiment of the invention provides a method for interplanting camellia oleifera in green broad-leaved forest to cultivate large seedlings, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing slotting machine
Firstly, 59 parts of loess, 14 parts of river sand, 6 parts of organic phosphate fertilizer, 15 parts of rice chaff and 10 parts of farmyard manure are mixed together according to the parts by weight and are uniformly stirred, then the mixture is decomposed for 15 days to prepare nutrient soil for seedling cultivation, and then the nutrient soil and a sterilizing agent are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 15: 1 and are watered for one week, so that the nutrient soil can be sterilized, and the root of the oil-tea camellia seedlings after cuttage is prevented from rotting;
s2, selecting seedlings
Selecting a plant with good growth character from the improved clone camellia oleifera mature plants, and then cutting out branches with half lignification, complete leaves, full axillary buds and no diseases and insect pests in the current year from the crown parts of the selected plants to be used as cutting slips;
s3, cuttage
During cutting, firstly, thoroughly watering the soil in a cutting bed with water, immersing the cutting opening of the cutting shoot in a 100ppm indolebutyric acid solution for 48 hours, and then inserting the cutting shoot into the cutting bed prepared in advance, wherein the plant spacing is 4-6 cm and the row spacing is 10-15 cm during cutting, and the indolebutyric acid solution is soaked to help the oil-tea camellia seedling to take root;
s4, seedling cultivation
After cuttage is finished, placing the cutting bed into a greenhouse for cultivation, keeping the room temperature of the greenhouse at 17-20 ℃ and the humidity at 85-90%, keeping the transmittance of the greenhouse at 20-30% in the cultivation process, carrying out foliage watering in the morning and at the evening every day in the cultivation process, carrying out foliage spraying every 5 days, carrying out sterilization again every 10 days by using a sterilizing agent, and culturing seedlings for 1-2 years to obtain first-generation seedlings;
s5, secondary seedling selection and cuttage
Selecting a plant with good growth character from the first generation seedling, intercepting the crown part of the selected plant to obtain the branch which is semi-lignified in the current year, has complete leaves, plump axillary buds and has no plant diseases and insect pests as the second generation cutting shoot, then cutting and seedling cultivation are carried out on the second generation cutting shoot again, the second generation cutting shoot becomes the seedling to be planted after being cultivated for 1-3 months to take root, the second cutting can enable the camellia oleifera seedling to have the characteristic of juvenile and easy rooting, and the cutting can keep the good growth character gene of the camellia oleifera seedling when the camellia oleifera seedling is selected, so that the cultivated camellia oleifera seedling grows better;
s6, selection and preparation of interplanting forest
Selecting deciduous broad-leaved forest with annual average temperature of 15-18 ℃, annual rainfall of more than 1000mm, gradient of less than 10 degrees and altitude of less than 600m as a set of planting forest, selecting woodland to prepare planting holes, keeping the distance between the planting holes at 2-4 m, paving a layer of filler with the thickness of 20mm at the bottom in the planting holes, filling the filling with soil, and then thoroughly watering with water;
s7, transplanting and interplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to be planted with soil into the planting holes, compacting and flattening the soil in the planting holes, covering a plastic film greenhouse, watering the roots of the seedlings every 18 days, applying farmyard manure once, wherein the fertilizing amount is 0.9 kg/plant, removing the plastic film greenhouse after 3 months, and growing for 1-2 years to obtain high-quality big seedlings, and the land utilization rate can be greatly improved and the income rate in a unit area of land can be improved by interplanting.
The loess in the nutrient soil is raw soil, and the loess and river sand are sieved by a 60-mesh sieve before use.
The sterilizing agent is prepared by mixing 75 percent of quintozene, 85 percent of trichloroisocyanuric acid and zineb according to the proportion of 1: 2.
The lengths of the cutting slips are 3-5 cm, more than two complete leaves are arranged on the cutting slips, cuts with the inclination angle of about 45 degrees are reserved in the cutting slips, the cuts are smooth and flat, and the depth of the cutting slips into the soil reaches the base of a leaf stalk in the cutting process.
The fertilizer used for foliar fertilizer spraying during seedling cultivation is organic water fertilizer, the organic water fertilizer is prepared by mixing 4 parts of borax, 2.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 3.0 parts of zinc sulfate, 1.9 parts of indolebutyric acid, 2 parts of vitamin B, 0.8 part of anti-withering agent, 8 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 5 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts of potash fertilizer and 9 parts of urea according to parts by weight, and the organic water fertilizer needs to be diluted by water according to the proportion of 1: 100 when in use.
The filler is prepared by uniformly mixing and stirring 8 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 9 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 7 parts of potash fertilizer, 13 parts of urea, 19 parts of farmyard manure, 25 parts of sawdust and 16 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues in parts by weight.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A method for interplanting camellia oleifera and cultivating large seedlings in greening broad-leaved forests is characterized by comprising the following steps: the cultivation process comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing slotting machine
Firstly, mixing 50-60 parts by weight of loess, 10-15 parts by weight of river sand, 3-6 parts by weight of organic phosphate fertilizer, 10-15 parts by weight of rice chaff and 8-10 parts by weight of farmyard manure together, uniformly stirring, then preparing nutrient soil for seedling cultivation after decomposing for 10-15 days, then uniformly mixing the nutrient soil and an sterilizing agent according to the weight ratio of 15: 1, and watering for one week;
s2, selecting seedlings
Selecting a plant with good growth character from the improved clone camellia oleifera mature plants, and then cutting out branches with half lignification, complete leaves, full axillary buds and no diseases and insect pests in the current year from the crown parts of the selected plants to be used as cutting slips;
s3, cuttage
During cuttage, firstly, thoroughly watering soil in a cutting bed by using water, immersing a cutting opening of a cutting shoot into a 100ppm indolebutyric acid solution for 36-48 hours, and then inserting the cutting shoot into the cutting bed prepared in advance, wherein the plant spacing is 4-6 cm during cuttage, and the row spacing is 10-15 cm;
s4, seedling cultivation
After cuttage is finished, placing the cutting bed into a greenhouse for cultivation, keeping the room temperature of the greenhouse at 17-20 ℃ and the humidity at 85-90%, keeping the transmittance of the greenhouse at 20-30% in the cultivation process, carrying out foliage watering in the morning and at the evening every day in the cultivation process, carrying out foliage spraying every 5 days, carrying out sterilization again every 10 days by using a sterilizing agent, and culturing seedlings for 1-2 years to obtain first-generation seedlings;
s5, secondary seedling selection and cuttage
Selecting a plant with good growth character from the first generation seedling, intercepting a branch which is semi-lignified in the current year, has complete leaves, plump axillary buds and has no plant diseases and insect pests from the crown part of the selected plant as a second generation cutting shoot, and then cutting and seedling cultivation are carried out on the second generation cutting shoot again, and the second generation cutting shoot becomes a seedling to be planted after being cultivated for 1-3 months and rooted;
s6, selection and preparation of interplanting forest
Selecting deciduous broad-leaved forests with annual average temperature of 15-18 ℃, annual rainfall of more than 1000mm, gradient of less than 10 degrees and altitude of less than 600m as a set of planting forests, selecting woodland fields for preparing planting holes, keeping the distance between the planting holes at 2-4 m, paving a layer of filler with thickness of 10-30 mm at the bottom in the planting holes, filling the filling with soil, and then thoroughly watering with water;
s7, transplanting and interplanting
Transplanting the seedlings to be planted with soil into the planting holes, compacting and flattening the soil in the planting holes, covering a plastic film greenhouse, watering the roots every 15-20 days, applying farmyard manure once, removing the plastic film greenhouse after 2-3 months, and growing for 1-2 years to obtain high-quality big seedlings.
2. The method for interplanting camellia oleifera and cultivating large seedlings in greening broad-leaved forests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the loess in the nutrient soil is raw soil, and 60-80 meshes of the loess and river sand are required before use.
3. The method for interplanting camellia oleifera and cultivating large seedlings in greening broad-leaved forests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the sterilizing agent is prepared by mixing 75 percent of quintozene, 85 percent of trichloroisocyanuric acid and zineb according to the proportion of 1: 2.
4. The method for interplanting camellia oleifera and cultivating large seedlings in greening broad-leaved forests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cutting length is 3 ~ 5cm and all has more than two intact leaves on the cutting, the cutting remains the incision of 45 left and right inclination angle and incision department is smooth level and smooth when the cutting, the degree of depth of penetrating into soil of cutting is for reaching the petiole basal portion when the cutting is accurate.
5. The method for interplanting camellia oleifera and cultivating large seedlings in greening broad-leaved forests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fertilizer used for foliar fertilizer spraying during seedling cultivation is an organic water fertilizer, the organic water fertilizer is prepared by mixing 2-4 parts of borax, 1.5-2.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 1.2-3.2 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.5-2.2 parts of indolebutyric acid, 1-2 parts of vitamin B, 0.3-0.9 part of anti-withering agent, 5-8 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 3-5 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 2-3 parts of potash fertilizer and 5-10 parts of urea according to parts by weight, and the organic water fertilizer needs to be diluted by water according to a ratio of 1: 100 when in use.
6. The method for interplanting camellia oleifera and cultivating large seedlings in greening broad-leaved forests according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the filler is prepared by uniformly mixing and stirring 6-8 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 5-10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 4-8 parts of potash fertilizer, 11-13 parts of urea, 15-20 parts of farmyard manure, 20-25 parts of sawdust and 10-16 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues in parts by weight.
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