CN112167635A - 一种解酒护肝缓释微胶囊及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种解酒护肝缓释微胶囊及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及保健功能食品技术领域，具体涉及一种解酒护肝缓释微胶囊及其制备方法。主要技术方案包括如下成分：植物提取物和辅助成分，所述的植物提取物包括姜黄提取物，葛根提取物和绿茶提取物，所述的辅助成分包括乳酸菌，B族维生素。本发明制备的缓释微胶囊对饮用宿醉具有优良的药用效果，组成配方比传统的宿醉饮料对饮用宿醉和保护肝脏具有广泛的效果，具有分解酒精的作用和肝保护作用，无副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种解酒护肝缓释微胶囊及其制备方法，属于保健功能食品技术领域。
背景技术
酒精不仅在人类社会中长期制造和消费，而且除伊斯兰宗教外，几乎在每个国家都制造和销售。现代人摄入过量的酒精，无法消化，导致副作用，如口渴，一般无聊，疲劳，记忆丧失，腹胀，消化不良，呕吐，腹泻和维生素缺乏。许多人患有这种现象，酗酒的风险增加。
正常的酒精代谢被酒精(乙醇、甲醇、乙二醇等)摄入，从胃或小肠中吸收，其中10％通过呼吸、出汗、尿液等排出，进入血管，在肝脏中代谢(M.Nakanishi；Saishin Igaku,31,p2086,1976)。随后，肝细胞中的酒精脱氢酶(ADH)将酒精氧化为乙醛，乙醛通过肝细胞中的乙醛脱氢酶分解成醋酸，并转移到全身肌肉或脂肪组织中。最后，它分解成二氧化碳气体和水。然而，在这个分解代谢过程中，当由于过度饮酒，大多数遭受宿醉，如重，痛苦，或喉咙痛。因此，迫切需要开发新的口腔宿醉和肝脏保护，是有效的，没有任何副作用。
与此同时，市场上出现的醒酒产品剂种类较少，大部分为人工合成类型等，较少见到纯天然的醒酒产品。这些药剂基本上都存在以下问题：(1)在作用过程中有效成分存留时间较短，无法在整个冗长的酒宴中一直发挥作用，大大降低了产品醒酒功能的发挥；(2)醒酒效果存在不足，分解和排泄酒精方面效果有限；(3)产品的稳定性较低，随着存放时间功效下降；(4)药剂的成分和功能比较单一，缺乏多功能性的有效成分等风险。中国专利申请CN201911389111.5中所公开的醒酒药剂利用火麻仁来进行酒精的体内消解，方法简单但存在火麻仁原料毒性较高、潜在残留量大且功能单一等问题。中国专利申请CN201810395522.4公开的醒酒剂采用中草药成分，但在常规醒酒的环境中只有30分钟的醒酒效果，醒酒时间较短，持久性不长，限制了其应用。在现有的生物材料微胶囊技术中，大多是以合成类材料作为微胶囊壁材，也出现了部分以改性生物大分子作为壁材的研究，但潜在毒性仍较高。
发明内容
针对以上各种醒酒产品所面临的问题，本发明采用包载有天然醒酒有效成分的生物材料微胶囊来取代以往的醒酒有效成分，微胶囊材料具有持久性长，效果稳定，功能多变等优点，解决了醒酒制剂可控性差、功能单一、持久时间短、潜在毒性大等问题。本发明以天然醒酒有效成分为醒酒作用主体，取代了传统的合成类化合物醒酒药剂，同时以生物分子为微胶囊壁材主体，大大降低了以往由合成类胶囊原料所带来的毒性，成功制备出了包载有天然醒酒成分的纯天然微胶囊，可用于长效解酒。
本发明的技术方案如下：一种解酒护肝缓释微胶囊，包括如下成分：植物提取物和辅助成分，所述的植物提取物包括姜黄提取物，葛根提取物和绿茶提取物，所述的辅助成分包括乳酸菌，B族维生素。
进一步的，所述的姜黄提取物、葛根提取物、绿茶提取物三者的质量比例为1：1：0.5。
进一步的，所述的姜黄提取物占总物料的质量百分比为2-40％，所述的葛根提取物占总物料的质量百分比为2-40％，所述的绿茶提取物占总物料的质量百分比为2-40％。
进一步的，所述的姜黄提取物、葛根提取物、绿茶提取物的制备方法为：将原料洗涤后，干燥，粉碎，用10-15倍体积/重量的水，配合10-90％酒精或混合溶剂，在70-120℃的萃取温度下，萃取1-5小时，上清液通过热水萃取过滤或离心分离，并浓缩或干燥至干粉。
本发明同时请求保护所述的一种解酒护肝缓释微胶囊的制备方法，将植物提取物和辅助成分悬浮于植物油中，配合皂苷水溶液、玻尿酸水溶液以及胶原蛋白溶液，经过搅拌加热制备成解酒护肝缓释微胶囊。
本发明同时请求保护含所述的解酒护肝缓释微胶囊膳食补充剂，包括粉末、颗粒、片剂、胶囊或饮料的形式，优选包括饮料或固体饮料的形式。
本发明同时请求保护一种健康功能食品，包括姜黄提取物，葛根提取物，绿茶提取物和食品可接受食品补充剂。显示出宿醉缓解和肝脏保护的预防和改善效果。本发明的健康功能食品并不特别限于其他成分，并且可能含有各种香料或天然碳水化合物等作为附加成分，如一般饮料。上述天然碳水化合物的例子包括葡萄糖、果糖等单糖；麦芽糖、蔗糖等的糖；传统的糖，如多糖，如糊精，环糊精，糖醇，如木糖醇，索比醇和红十二醇。作为上述除上述调味剂以外的调味剂，天然调味剂(陶马汀、甜叶菊提取物(例如，乙二酸酯等)和合成调味剂(糖精、阿斯巴甜等)可以有利地使用。天然碳水化合物的比例一般约为1-20克，优选约为5-12克每100毫升的本发明成分。
姜黄为姜科姜黄属植物，其根茎所磨成的深黃色粉末，为咖喱的主要香料之一，也用在南洋料理，味苦而辛，带点土味。主成分姜黄素。姜黄破血兼理血中气滞，入肝脾二经，善破肝脾二经的血瘀气节结，功能活血化瘀、行气止痛，具有一些医疗保健的效果，因此也出現在中药材中。
葛根，常用中药。为豆科植物野葛的干燥根，习称野葛。秋、冬二季采挖，趁鲜切成厚片或小块；干燥。甘、辛，凉。有解肌退热，透疹，生津止渴，升阳止泻之功。常用于表证发热，项背强痛，麻疹不透，热病口渴，阴虚消渴，热泻热痢，脾虚泄泻。
绿茶是指茶树的叶子(茶树，又称茶叶)，根据植物分类法，是属于茶树的灌木。与咖啡不同，绿茶不会因咖啡因而产生副作用，因为茶叶中所含的多酚和维生素等成分在低温下因与低咖啡因不相容而无法溶。绿茶含有更多的氮，多酚，糖，有机酸，维生素和矿物质比其它饮料。特别是多酚包括黄酮醇，称为儿茶素。大多数情况下，它含有生物碱，如咖啡因，异溴素和茶碱。其中，加入甜氨基酸、谷氨酸、阿斯巴酸、酸味、苦乌玛米精氨酸等必需氨基酸，加入茶香(多酚类和活性)。特别是多酚通过抑制体内脂质过氧化和通过与抗氧化剂(如绿茶中的维生素C、E和β-胡萝卜素)协同作用去除活性氧，使多酚具有敏感性。预防成人疾病，包括癌症。
本发明的植物提取物组成的成分可以制作成粉末、颗粒、溶液、片剂、胶囊、软胶囊、丸、和悬浮液等不同剂型，分别按照常用方法，配合辅料和稀释剂，其中可能包括乳糖，葡萄糖，山梨醇，曼尼托，木糖醇，红血球，麦芽糖，淀粉，阿卡西亚橡胶，藻酸盐，明胶，磷酸钙，硅酸钙，纤维素，甲基纤维素，微晶纤维素，聚氯联苯，水，甲基羟基苯甲酸酯，丙二羟基苯甲酸酯，滑石，硬脂酸镁和矿物油。配制时，通常使用稀释剂或辅料，如填料、扩展剂、粘合剂、润湿剂、分解剂和表面活性剂。
固体制剂包括片剂、药片、粉末、颗粒、胶囊等，固体制剂可至少包括淀粉、碳酸钙、蔗糖或乳糖、明胶等辅料。除了简单的辅料外，还可以使用混合制剂，如硬脂酸镁和滑石等润滑剂。液体制剂可包括各种辅料，如润湿剂、甜味剂、香料、防腐剂等，此外还有水和液体石蜡，它们通常是悬浮液、溶液、乳液和糖浆中常用的简单稀释剂。
除上述主要成分外，本发明的辅助成分还含有维生素B、C、E、β-胡萝卜素、镁和锌等矿物质，磷脂如卵磷脂、麦芽糖、寡糖、氨基酸、蜂蜜等化合物作为辅助成分。牛磺酸等可以使用，使用其中两个或三个混合物更可取，因为它可以增加或增强生物活性效果。
除上述成分外，为了改善口感，还可以加入食品添加剂，例如，天然香料如李子、柠檬、菠萝或香草香精或天然果汁、天然色素如叶绿素、黄酮类和果糖、甜糖可与蜂蜜、糖醇、糖和酸液(如柠檬酸和柠檬酸钠)。
本发明的提取物使用量可能因年龄、性别和体重而异，但一般来说，5-100毫克(最好是5-20毫克)的量可以根据成人体重为60公斤而选择性地进行口头施用。此外，根据给药途径、疾病的严重程度、性别、体重、年龄等，组合物的剂量可能会增加或减少。因此，上述剂量不限制本发明的范围在任何方面。除上述内容外，本发明的解酒护肝缓释微胶囊中还可以包括各种营养物质、维生素、矿物质(电解质)、合成香料和天然香料等香料、着色和中和剂(如奶酪和巧克力)、果酸及其盐、铝酸及其盐、有机酸、保护性胶体增稠剂、pH调节剂、稳定剂、防腐剂、甘油、酒精、碳酸饮料中使用的碳化剂等。本发明的成分也可以包含用于生产天然果汁、果汁饮料和蔬菜的汁。这些成分可以独立使用或组合使用。这种添加剂的比例并不太重要，但一般按本发明成分的重量从0到20％(按重量)选择。
本发明的有益效果如下：(1)对饮用宿醉具有优良的药用效果，本发明的组成比传统的宿醉饮料对饮用宿醉和保护肝脏具有广泛的效果。(2)具有分解作用和酒精的肝保护作用，无副作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明和解释，若无特殊说明，本发明所用原料及设备均为本领域的常规技术。
实施例1姜黄，绿茶或葛根提取物的准备
姜黄，绿茶或葛根在清洁和干燥后，粉碎，放入一个提取器，加入5～30倍的70％乙醇，并在90～100℃下萃取2-3小时，过滤后获得原提取物。滤过的70％乙醇作为初级萃取溶剂被进一步添加到残留物中，然后萃取1至2小时以获得二次萃取，两次提取物的混合物在45-100℃的减压下浓缩，干燥后分别获得三种植物的粉末状提取物。
实施例2解酒配方的制备
在实施例1中获得的植物提取物以预定比例组合，例如姜黄、葛根、和绿茶提取物三者的质量百分比各为2-40％，以准备本发明的解酒配方。
2-1.解酒配方示例1
姜黄和葛根提取物各25.5％(范围2-40％)的重量，40％的重量绿茶提取物(范围2-40％)，2％的重量蜂蜜，2％的维生素B1，B2和B6(各占三分之一)，1％的重量牛磺酸，1％抗坏血酸，1％的乳酸杆菌，碳酸镁1％，碳酸钾1％。混合成固体粉末。
2-2.解酒配方示例2
姜黄和葛根提取物各35％的重量(范围2-40％)，20％按重量绿茶提取物(范围2-40％)，3％维生素B1，B2和B6(各占1％)，2％按重量蜂蜜，1％牛磺酸，1％抗坏血酸，碳酸镁1％，柠檬酸钾1％，1％的乳酸杆菌，通过混合成固体粉末。
2-3.解酒组合3
姜黄和葛根提取物各25％重量(范围2-40％)，绿茶提取物40％(范围2-40％)，蜂蜜2％，牛油1％，抗坏血酸2％，碳酸镁1％，柠檬酸钾1％，和1％的维生素B1，B2和B6(各占三分之一)，2％乳酸杆菌，通过混合成固体粉末。
2-4.解酒组合4
30％的姜黄提取物(范围2-40％)和30％葛根提取物(范围2-40％)，30％按重量绿茶提取物(范围2-40％)，2％重量蜂蜜，1％重量牛磺酸，1％抗坏血酸，1％的维生素B1，B2和B6(各占三分之一)，碳酸镁1％，柠檬酸钾1％，和3％的乳酸杆菌。通过混合成固体粉末。
实施例3长效解酒护肝缓释微胶囊的制备
将实施例2-1中的配方粉末悬浮于15克豆油中，在25度的油中与25毫升3％皂苷水溶液在100毫升玻璃瓶中混合。用0.1M氢氧化钠溶液将混合物调节至pH 5.0，然后用高速匀浆机在3000转/分钟速度下高速剪切2分钟，得到均匀的乳液。往乳液中加入5毫升0.25克/毫升玻尿酸水溶液，在3000转/分钟速度下高速剪切2分钟后，再往乳液中加入2.5毫升0.1克/毫升胶原蛋白溶液，搅拌20分钟后，最后往体系中加入2.5毫升0.2克/毫升氯化钙溶液，搅拌20分钟后，再将胶囊体系加热至75度，搅拌2小时得到解酒护肝缓释微胶囊。
实施例4冲剂的制备
实施例3产品200毫克
乳糖100毫克
滑石10毫克
上述成分混合并填充在密封袋中，做成水冲剂。
实施例5片剂的制备
实施例3产品100毫克
玉米淀粉100毫克
乳糖100毫克
硬脂酸镁2毫克
混合上述成分后，按照常规方法制备片剂。
实施例6胶囊的准备
实施例3产品100毫克
结晶纤维素3毫克
乳糖14.8毫克
硬脂酸镁0.2毫克
根据传统的胶囊制备方法，将上述成分混合并填充到明胶胶囊中，以制备胶囊。
实施例7液体饮料的制备
实施例3产品100毫克
乳糖5克
净化水
按照通常的方法，在纯净水中溶解每个成分后，适当加入柠檬味，混合上述成分，加入纯净水，通过加入纯净水将全部调整为100毫升，然后放入棕色瓶子中。
实施例8健康功能食品的制备
实施例3产品200毫克
维生素混合物包括：
维生素A醋酸酯70μg
维生素E1毫克
维生素B1 0.13毫克
维生素B2 0.15毫克
维生素B6 0.5毫克
维生素B12 0.2微克
维生素C10毫克
生物素10μg
烟酸1.7毫克
叶酸50μg
泛酸钙0.5毫克
矿物混合物：
硫酸铁1.75毫克
氧化锌0.82毫克
碳酸镁25.3毫克
单磷酸钾15毫克
磷酸钙55毫克
柠檬酸钾90毫克
碳酸钙100毫克
氯化镁24.8毫克
虽然维生素和矿物质混合物的组成比是一种组合物，但复合比可以任意修改，并且上述成分根据传统的健康功能食品生产方法混合。可以制备颗粒，并用于保健食品。
实施例9保健饮料的制备
实施例3产品200毫克
柠檬酸100毫克
蔗糖10克
牛磺酸1克
加入900毫升纯净水
按照常规的健康饮料制造方法混合上述成分，在85℃搅拌加热约1小时，将产生的溶液过滤并注入消毒的容器中，密封灭菌和冷藏。组合比可根据区域和民族偏好(如需求等级、需求国家/地区和使用)任意修改。如上所述，本发明为全天然成分，因此对人体没有副作用，解酒效果极佳，对肝脏具有保护作用，作为膳食补充剂，在饮酒前和饮酒后，对醉酒和肝脏保护非常有用。
上述实施例只是用于对本发明的举例和说明，而非意在将本发明限制于所描述的实施例范围内。此外本领域技术人员可以理解的是，本发明不局限于上述实施例，根据本发明的教导还可以做出更多种的变型和修改，这些变型和修改均落在本发明所要求保护的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种解酒护肝缓释微胶囊，其特征在于，包括如下成分：植物提取物和辅助成分，所述的植物提取物包括姜黄提取物，葛根提取物和绿茶提取物，所述的辅助成分包括乳酸菌，B族维生素。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种解酒护肝缓释微胶囊，其特征在于，所述的姜黄提取物、葛根提取物、绿茶提取物三者的质量比例为1：1：0.5。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种解酒护肝缓释微胶囊，其特征在于，所述的姜黄提取物占总物料的质量百分比为2-40％，所述的葛根提取物占总物料的质量百分比为2-40％，所述的绿茶提取物占总物料的质量百分比为2-40％。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种解酒护肝缓释微胶囊，其特征在于，所述的姜黄提取物、葛根提取物、绿茶提取物的制备方法为：将原料洗涤后，干燥，粉碎，用10-15倍体积/重量的水，配合10-90％酒精或混合溶剂，在70-120℃的萃取温度下，萃取1-5小时，上清液通过热水萃取过滤或离心分离，并浓缩或干燥至干粉。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种解酒护肝缓释微胶囊的制备方法，其特征在于，将植物提取物和辅助成分悬浮于植物油中，配合皂苷水溶液、玻尿酸水溶液以及胶原蛋白溶液，经过搅拌加热制备成解酒护肝缓释微胶囊。
6.一种膳食补充剂，其包含权利要求1-5中任一项的解酒护肝缓释微胶囊。
7.如权利要求6所述的膳食补充剂，其特征在于，为粉末、颗粒、片剂、胶囊或饮料的形式。
8.如权利要求7所述的膳食补充剂，其特征在于，为固态饮料的形式。
9.一种健康功能食品，其特征在于，包括姜黄提取物，葛根提取物，绿茶提取物和食品可接受食品补充剂。
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