CN112136632A - High-yield gastrodia elata production process - Google Patents
High-yield gastrodia elata production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN112136632A CN112136632A CN202011093879.0A CN202011093879A CN112136632A CN 112136632 A CN112136632 A CN 112136632A CN 202011093879 A CN202011093879 A CN 202011093879A CN 112136632 A CN112136632 A CN 112136632A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a high-yield gastrodia elata production process, which comprises the following specific steps: culturing halimasch, making fungus sticks, selecting land, digging pits, preparing a fixed fungus bed, arranging the fixed fungus bed, screening seed ramie, sowing and harvesting. The method is used for plateau planting, a unique method is adopted, a sloping field and a compartment gathering mode are adopted, drainage, ventilation and air permeation are facilitated, leaves are covered to protect moisture and loose soil, the yield of the gastrodia elata reaches stable yield, about 10 kilograms of commodity gastrodia elata are collected per square meter and are 1.5 times of the traditional method, the weight of a single gastrodia elata is about 500 grams, the maturation time is short, the collection times are multiple, seed sources are selected from wild varieties in high-altitude mountain areas to be cultivated and domesticated, the performance growth is stable, the quality is excellent, and the yield and income increase are achieved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a high-yield gastrodia elata production process.
Background
Gastrodia elata, also known as Thymus chinensis, Pleioblastus Amboinicus, Lysimachia christinae Hance, ghost, Mupu, Gastrodia elata, Dingfeng grass, Bailongpi, etc., is a perennial herb of Gastrodia genus of Orchidaceae. It comprises four variants of rhizoma Gastrodiae, including rhizoma Gastrodiae, and rhizoma Gastrodiae. The rhizome is used as a rare Chinese medicine for treating dizziness, numbness of limbs, infantile convulsion and other symptoms. The hybridized gastrodia elata has the characteristics of strong disease and pest resistance, good gastrodia elata shape, higher average yield than that of pure gastrodia elata or pure gastrodia elata, shorter growth period than that of pure gastrodia elata and the like.
The base of the Gastrodia elata Blume is located in the northern trans-Town of Kunming, the altitude is 2400 meters, the perennial temperature is 12-30 ℃, rain is less in winter and spring, rain is more in summer and autumn, the soil is red mud clay, the soil is dry in spring and waterlogged in autumn, the planting of the Gastrodia elata Blume is quite difficult, the yield is low, the quality of single fruit is low, and the maturation time is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-yield gastrodia elata production process so as to solve the problem that the resources of paris polyphylla are seriously insufficient at present in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a production process of Gastrodia elata Blume with high yield comprises the following specific steps:
s1 culture of Armillaria mellea: preparing an armillaria mellea culture medium, wherein each liter of the culture medium contains 200-220g of potato leach liquor, 20-25g of glucose, 20-25g of agar and 5-8g of beef extract, adding armillaria mellea A9 mycelium into the culture medium, and culturing at the constant temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 20-25 days to obtain armillaria mellea A9;
s2 preparation of mushroom sticks: selecting a trunk of a broad-leaved forest with the diameter of 10-15cm, sawing the trunk into sections with the length of 20-25cm as fungus sticks, and cutting fish scale openings on the fungus sticks; cutting branches with the diameter of 5-9cm into small segments with the diameter of 6-9cm as fungus branches; cutting fresh leaves of broad-leaved tree species into 6-8cm for later use; sawdust and muddy wet river sand are uniformly mixed and then used as a matrix;
s3 selecting the land: selecting mountain forest sunny mountain or semi-sunny mountain slope with elevation 2300 and 2500m, deep soil layer, loose and breathable texture and forest shading rate of 50-60% to make a compartment land with growth of 5-6m and width of 1-1.5m,
s4 digging pit: digging a pit with the length of 55-65cm, the width of 35-40cm and the depth of 15-18cm, paving the pit bottom, and keeping the soil layer of the pit loose, wherein the slope of the dug pit is consistent with that of the hillside;
s5 preparation of a fixed bacterial bed: 3-6 prepared fungus sticks are placed in each pit, the interval between every two adjacent fungus sticks is 2-3cm, Armillaria mellea A9 is respectively placed at two ends of each fungus stick, Armillaria mellea A9 is respectively placed in the middle of a spacing zone between the sticks and at a position 7-8cm away from each other, and the substrate prepared in S2 and the soil during pit digging are sequentially laid on the fungus sticks;
s6 arrangement of the fixed fungus bed: after 4-5 months, lightly digging a soil layer, and throwing the matrix on the fixed bacterial bed and the covered dug soil layer;
s7 types of ramie screening: selecting wild Gastrodia elata Blume according to standard, selecting short cylindrical tuber with a dry folding rate of 35-40%, no wrinkle, consistent ring line, whole body beige, and no disease, pest or scar;
s8 sowing: placing seed ramie at the fish scale opening of a fungus stick, keeping the head of the seed ramie upward and the tail downward, stabilizing the seed ramie with fresh soil, placing 4-6cm long and 3-4cm wide on the two sides of the seed ramie respectively, soaking fresh firewood blocks for 1-24 hours in clear water, sequentially covering a layer of crushed big leaves of the Juglans mandshurica tree with the length being less than or equal to 1cm and the width being less than or equal to 1cm, the fresh soil with the thickness of 5-6cm and a layer of big leaves of the Juglans mandshurica tree from inside to outside, covering the big leaves of the Juglans mandshurica tree with the substrate prepared in S2 with the thickness of 3-5cm, covering the fallen leaves of the forest tree, and controlling the temperature and the humidity;
and S9 harvesting: collecting in winter in the next year, removing covered soil, prying bacteria from one end of the cellar, taking out Gastrodia elata Blume, transplanting Gastrodia elata Blume as commodity hemp, and transplanting the rest Gastrodia elata Blume as seed hemp.
Preferably, the fish scale treatment method is to cut a notch with the length of 3-5cm and the width of 1-1.5cm on an upward slope.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the sawdust to the muddy-free wet river sand is 1: 1 or 3: 2.
preferably, the thickness of the loose soil at the bottom of the pit is 4-5cm when the pit is dug.
Preferably, the thickness of the covering substrate is 5-6cm when the fixed fungus bed is prepared, and the thickness of the soil is 5-6cm when the pit is dug.
Preferably, the weight of the seed ramie is in the range of 450-500 g.
Preferably, the temperature management is specifically: in winter and early spring, the temperature of soil layer below 10cm in the pit is maintained at 0-5 deg.C, and the temperature of the soil layer is regulated by covering or building shed for seven, eight and nine months, and is controlled at 23-26 deg.C.
Preferably, the humidity management is specifically: moisture control and freeze prevention are carried out for 12-3 months, the water content of the soil is about 30 percent, the soil can be wetted after the soil is wet, the water is increased for 4-6 months to promote growth, the water content of the soil is 55-65 percent, the soil needs to be held by hand to form a cluster and fall to disperse, the moisture is reduced for 7-8 months, the water content of the soil is about 60 percent, the water control and bacteria inhibition are carried out for 9-10 months, the water content of the soil is 45-55 percent, the degree of slightly clustering and slightly kneading to disperse is needed to be reached, and the water content of the soil is about 30 percent in 11 months, so that.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the high-yield gastrodia elata production process is plateau planting, a unique method is adopted, a sloping field and a compartment gathering mode are adopted, drainage, ventilation and air permeation are facilitated, leaves are covered to protect moisture and loose soil, the yield of gastrodia elata is stable, about 10 kilograms of commodity gastrodia elata are collected per square meter and are 1.5 times of the traditional method, the weight of a single gastrodia elata is about 500g, the maturation time is short, the collection times are multiple, a wild variety of a seed source in a high-altitude mountain area is selected for cultivation and domestication, the performance growth is stable, the quality is excellent, and the purposes of increasing yield and income are achieved.
2. In the high-yield gastrodia elata production process, the matrix and the leaf fragments are adopted, under the condition of providing nutrient substances for gastrodia elata, other mixed bacteria or harmful substances are prevented from being introduced to influence the gastrodia elata, the fine leaves and the coarse leaves of the pyrus ussuriensis are used, a comfortable and breathable growth environment can be provided for the seeds of the gastrodia elata, the seeds of the gastrodia elata are prevented from being damaged by strong impact of rainwater, and the rainwater is ensured to gradually enter soil in a permeation mode to be used for the growth of the seeds of the gastrodia elata after rain.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
example 1
A production process of Gastrodia elata Blume with high yield comprises the following specific steps:
s1 culture of Armillaria mellea: preparing an Armillaria mellea culture medium, wherein each liter of the culture medium contains 200g of potato extract, 25g of glucose, 25g of agar and 6g of beef extract, adding Armillaria mellea A9 mycelium into the culture medium, and culturing at a constant temperature of 20 ℃ for 20 days to obtain Armillaria mellea A9;
s2 preparation of mushroom sticks: selecting a trunk of a broad-leaved forest with the diameter of 12cm, sawing the trunk into sections with the length of 24cm as fungus sticks, and cutting fish scale openings on the fungus sticks; cutting branches with the diameter of 8cm into small segments with the diameter of 9cm as fungus branches; cutting fresh leaves of broad-leaved tree species into 8cm for later use; sawdust and muddy wet river sand are uniformly mixed and then used as a matrix;
s3 selecting the land: selecting a mountain forest sunny mountain or semi-sunny mountain slope with elevation of 2300m, deep soil layer, loose and breathable texture and forest shading rate of 50-60%, making into a compartment land with growth of 5m and width of 1m,
s4 digging pit: digging a pit with the length of 55cm, the width of 35cm and the depth of 15cm, paving the pit bottom, keeping the soil layer of the pit loose, and keeping the slope of the dug pit consistent with that of the hillside;
s5 preparation of a fixed bacterial bed: 3 prepared fungus sticks are placed in each pit, the interval between every two adjacent fungus sticks is 2cm, one armillaria mellea A9 is placed at each end of each fungus stick, one armillaria mellea is placed in the middle of a spacing zone between the sticks and the stick and at each position 7-8cm away from each other, and the substrate prepared in S2 and the soil during pit digging are sequentially laid on the fungus sticks;
s6 arrangement of the fixed fungus bed: after 4-5 months, lightly digging a soil layer, and throwing the matrix on the fixed bacterial bed and the covered dug soil layer;
s7 types of ramie screening: selecting the harvested wild gastrodia elata according to the standard, and selecting short cylindrical tubers with the drying rate of 35%, no wrinkles, consistent ring lines, rice yellow whole bodies and no diseases, insects and scars;
s8 sowing: placing seed hemps at fish scales of a fungus stick, keeping the heads of the seed hemps to face upwards and the tails to face downwards, stabilizing the seed hemps by using fresh soil, placing fresh firewood blocks with the length of 4cm and the width of 4cm on the two sides of the seed hemps respectively, soaking the fresh firewood blocks for 10 hours by using clear water, covering a layer of crushed big leaves of the Juglans where the length is less than or equal to 1cm and the width is less than or equal to 1cm, the fresh soil with the thickness of 5cm and a layer of big leaves of the Juglans from inside to outside in sequence, covering the big leaves of the Juglans with the substrate with the thickness of 4cm, and covering the fallen leaves of the forest trees with the substrate, and controlling the temperature and the humidity;
and S9 harvesting: collecting in winter in the next year, removing covered soil, prying bacteria from one end of the cellar, taking out Gastrodia elata Blume, transplanting Gastrodia elata Blume as commodity hemp, and transplanting the rest Gastrodia elata Blume as seed hemp.
Further, the fish scale processing method comprises the steps of cutting a notch with the length of 4cm and the width of 1cm on an upward slope, wherein the weight ratio of sawdust to muddy moist river sand is 1: 1, when digging a pit, the thickness of the loosened soil at the bottom of the pit is 5 cm.
Specifically, the thickness of the covering substrate is 5cm when the fixed fungus bed is prepared, the thickness of the soil is 5cm when the pit is dug, and the weight of each seed hemp is within the range of 450 g.
It is worth to be noted that the temperature management is specifically: in winter and early spring, the temperature of soil layer with the depth of less than 10cm in the pit is maintained at 5 ℃, the temperature of the soil layer is regulated by covering or building a shady shed for seven, eight and nine months, the temperature is controlled at 26 ℃, and the humidity management is specifically as follows: moisture control and freeze prevention are carried out for 12-3 months, the water content of the soil is about 30 percent, the soil can be wetted after the soil is wet, the water is increased for 4-6 months to promote growth, the water content of the soil is 55-65 percent, the soil needs to be held by hand to form a cluster and fall to disperse, the moisture is reduced for 7-8 months, the water content of the soil is about 60 percent, the water control and bacteria inhibition are carried out for 9-10 months, the water content of the soil is 45-55 percent, the degree of slightly clustering and slightly kneading to disperse is needed to be reached, and the water content of the soil is about 30 percent in 11 months, so that.
Example 2
A production process of Gastrodia elata Blume with high yield comprises the following specific steps:
s1 culture of Armillaria mellea: preparing an Armillaria mellea culture medium, wherein each liter of the culture medium contains 220g of potato extract, 20g of glucose, 24g of agar and 6g of beef extract, adding Armillaria mellea A9 mycelium into the culture medium, and culturing at a constant temperature of 24 ℃ for 24 days to obtain Armillaria mellea A9;
s2 preparation of mushroom sticks: selecting a trunk of a broad-leaved forest with the diameter of 13cm, sawing the trunk into sections with the length of 23cm as fungus sticks, and cutting fish scale openings on the fungus sticks; cutting branches with the diameter of 8cm into small segments with the diameter of 8cm as fungus branches; cutting fresh leaves of broad-leaved tree species into 8cm for later use; sawdust and muddy wet river sand are uniformly mixed and then used as a matrix;
s3 selecting the land: selecting mountain sunny mountain or semi-sunny mountain slope with altitude of 2400m, thick soil layer, loose and breathable texture and forest shading rate of 55%, making compartment land with length of 6m and width of 1.5m,
s4 digging pit: digging a pit with the length of 55cm, the width of 40cm and the depth of 18cm, paving the pit bottom, keeping the soil layer of the pit loose, and keeping the slope of the dug pit consistent with that of the hillside;
s5 preparation of a fixed bacterial bed: placing 5 prepared fungus sticks in each pit, wherein the interval between every two adjacent fungus sticks is 2cm, placing an Armillaria mellea A9 at each end of each fungus stick, placing an Armillaria mellea at each position 7cm away from the middle of a spacing zone between the sticks, and sequentially paving the substrate prepared in S2 and the soil during pit digging on the fungus sticks;
s6 arrangement of the fixed fungus bed: after 5 months, lightly digging a soil layer, and throwing the matrix on the fixed bacterial bed and the covered dug soil layer;
s7 types of ramie screening: selecting the harvested wild gastrodia elata according to the standard, and selecting short cylindrical tubers with the drying rate of 40%, no wrinkles, consistent ring lines, rice yellow whole bodies and no diseases, insects and scars;
s8 sowing: placing seed hemps at fish scales of a fungus stick, keeping the heads of the seed hemps to face upwards and the tails to face downwards, stabilizing the seed hemps by using fresh soil, placing fresh firewood blocks with the length of 6cm and the width of 4cm at two sides of the seed hemps respectively, soaking the fresh firewood blocks for 15 hours by using clear water, sequentially covering a layer of crushed big leaves of the Juglans mandshurica with the length of less than or equal to 1cm and the width of less than or equal to 1cm, the fresh soil with the thickness of 6cm and a layer of big leaves of the Juglans mandshurica from inside to outside, covering the big leaves of the Juglans mandshurica with the substrate with the thickness of 5cm, and covering fallen leaves of the trees under forest with the substrate;
and S9 harvesting: collecting in winter in the next year, removing covered soil, prying bacteria from one end of the cellar, taking out Gastrodia elata Blume, transplanting Gastrodia elata Blume as commodity hemp, and transplanting the rest Gastrodia elata Blume as seed hemp.
Further, the fish scale processing method comprises the steps of cutting a notch with the length of 4cm and the width of 1cm on an upward slope, wherein the weight ratio of sawdust to muddy moist river sand is 3: and 2, when digging the pit, the thickness of the loose soil at the bottom of the pit is 5 cm.
Specifically, the thickness of the covering substrate is 5cm when the fixed fungus bed is prepared, the thickness of the soil is 5cm when the pit is dug, and the weight of each seed hemp is within the range of 450 g.
It is worth to be noted that the temperature management is specifically: in winter and early spring, the temperature of soil layer with the depth of less than 10cm in the pit is maintained at 5 ℃, the temperature of the soil layer is regulated by covering or building a shady shed for seven, eight and nine months, the temperature is controlled at 26 ℃, and the humidity management is specifically as follows: moisture control and freeze prevention are carried out for 12-3 months, the water content of the soil is about 30 percent, the soil can be wetted after the soil is wet, the water is increased for 4-6 months to promote growth, the water content of the soil is 55-65 percent, the soil needs to be held by hand to form a cluster and fall to disperse, the moisture is reduced for 7-8 months, the water content of the soil is about 60 percent, the water control and bacteria inhibition are carried out for 9-10 months, the water content of the soil is 45-55 percent, the degree of slightly clustering and slightly kneading to disperse is needed to be reached, and the water content of the soil is about 30 percent in 11 months, so that.
Example 3
A production process of Gastrodia elata Blume with high yield comprises the following specific steps:
s1 culture of Armillaria mellea: preparing an Armillaria mellea culture medium, wherein each liter of the culture medium contains 210g of potato extract, 23g of glucose, 23g of agar and 7g of beef extract, adding Armillaria mellea A9 mycelium into the culture medium, and culturing at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 25 days to obtain Armillaria mellea A9;
s2 preparation of mushroom sticks: selecting a trunk of a broad-leaved forest with the diameter of 15cm, sawing the trunk into sections with the length of 25cm as fungus sticks, and cutting fish scale openings on the fungus sticks; cutting branches with the diameter of 8cm into small segments with the diameter of 7cm as fungus branches; cutting fresh leaves of broad-leaved tree species into 6-8cm for later use; sawdust and muddy wet river sand are uniformly mixed and then used as a matrix;
s3 selecting the land: selecting mountain sunny mountain or semi-sunny mountain slope with elevation of 2500m, deep soil layer, loose and air-permeable texture, and shade rate under forest of 60%, making compartment land with length of 6m and width of 1.5m,
s4 digging pit: digging a pit with the length of 65cm, the width of 40cm and the depth of 18cm, paving the pit bottom, keeping the soil layer of the pit loose, and keeping the slope of the dug pit consistent with that of the hillside;
s5 preparation of a fixed bacterial bed: placing 4 prepared fungus sticks in each pit, wherein the interval between every two adjacent fungus sticks is 3cm, placing an Armillaria mellea A9 at each end of each fungus stick, placing an Armillaria mellea at the position of 8cm in the middle of a spacing zone between the sticks and the stick, and sequentially paving the substrate prepared in S2 and the soil during pit digging on the fungus sticks;
s6 arrangement of the fixed fungus bed: after 5 months, lightly digging a soil layer, and throwing the matrix on the fixed bacterial bed and the covered dug soil layer;
s7 types of ramie screening: selecting the harvested wild gastrodia elata according to the standard, and selecting short cylindrical tubers with the drying rate of 40%, no wrinkles, consistent ring lines, rice yellow whole bodies and no diseases, insects and scars;
s8 sowing: placing seed ramie at the fish scale opening of a fungus stick, keeping the head of the seed ramie upward and the tail downward, stabilizing the seed ramie with fresh soil, placing 5cm long and 4.5cm wide on two sides of the seed ramie respectively, soaking fresh firewood blocks for 20 hours with clear water, sequentially covering a layer of crushed big leaves of the Juglans mandshurica tree with the length being less than or equal to 1cm and the width being less than or equal to 1cm, the fresh soil with the thickness of 5cm and a layer of big leaves of the Juglans mandshurica tree from inside to outside, covering the big leaves of the Juglans mandshurica tree with the thickness of 4cm by using the substrate prepared in S2, covering fallen leaves of the forest tree, and controlling the temperature and the humidity;
and S9 harvesting: collecting in winter in the next year, removing covered soil, prying bacteria from one end of the cellar, taking out Gastrodia elata Blume, transplanting Gastrodia elata Blume as commodity hemp, and transplanting the rest Gastrodia elata Blume as seed hemp.
Further, the fish scale processing method comprises the steps of cutting a notch with the length of 4cm and the width of 1cm on an upward slope, wherein the weight ratio of sawdust to muddy moist river sand is 3: and 2, when digging the pit, the thickness of the loose soil at the bottom of the pit is 5 cm.
Specifically, the thickness of the covering substrate is 5cm when the fixed fungus bed is prepared, the thickness of the soil is 5cm when the pit is dug, and the weight of each seed hemp is within the range of 450 g.
It is worth to be noted that the temperature management is specifically: in winter and early spring, the temperature of soil layer with the depth of less than 10cm in the pit is maintained at 5 ℃, the temperature of the soil layer is regulated by covering or building a shady shed for seven, eight and nine months, the temperature is controlled at 26 ℃, and the humidity management is specifically as follows: moisture control and freeze prevention are carried out for 12-3 months, the water content of the soil is about 30 percent, the soil can be wetted after the soil is wet, the water is increased for 4-6 months to promote growth, the water content of the soil is 55-65 percent, the soil needs to be held by hand to form a cluster and fall to disperse, the moisture is reduced for 7-8 months, the water content of the soil is about 60 percent, the water control and bacteria inhibition are carried out for 9-10 months, the water content of the soil is 45-55 percent, the degree of slightly clustering and slightly kneading to disperse is needed to be reached, and the water content of the soil is about 30 percent in 11 months, so that.
The yield, the single weight and the maturation time of the gastrodia elata produced by the high-yield gastrodia elata production process in the three embodiments of the invention and the gastrodia elata produced by the existing gastrodia elata planting are shown in the following table.
| Contrast parameter | Yield per square meter/kg | Individual weight/g | Maturation time/month |
| Example 1 | 9.75-11.95 | 457.5-623.4 | 6-7 |
| Example 2 | 9.87-12.35 | 465.9-598.3 | 6-7 |
| Examples3 | 9.15-11.68 | 452.3-612.8 | 6-7 |
| Conventional | 6.36-7.25 | 250-350 | 10-12 |
As can be seen from the above table, the high-yield gastrodia elata production process is plateau planting, a unique method is adopted, drainage, ventilation and ventilation are facilitated in a sloping field and compartment gathering mode, leaves are covered to protect moisture and loose soil, the yield of gastrodia elata is stable, about 10 kilograms of commodity gastrodia elata is harvested per square meter and is 1.5 times of that of the traditional method, the weight of a single gastrodia elata is about 500 grams, the maturation time is short, the harvesting times are multiple, the wild species in high-altitude mountain areas are selected for cultivation and domestication, the performance growth is stable, the quality is excellent, yield and income are increased, substrates and leaves are cut, under the condition that nutrient substances are provided for the gastrodia elata, the influence of other mixed bacteria or harmful substances on the gastrodia elata is avoided, the use of thin leaves and thick leaves of a pyrus ussuriensis can provide a comfortable and ventilated growth environment for the gastrodia elata, the gastrodia elata is prevented from being damaged by strong impact of rainwater, and after rain, ensuring that the rain water gradually enters the soil in a penetration mode for the growth of the ramie seeds.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A production process of Gastrodia elata Blume with high yield is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1 culture of Armillaria mellea: preparing an armillaria mellea culture medium, wherein each liter of the culture medium contains 200-220g of potato leach liquor, 20-25g of glucose, 20-25g of agar and 5-8g of beef extract, adding armillaria mellea A9 mycelium into the culture medium, and culturing at the constant temperature of 20-25 ℃ for 20-25 days to obtain armillaria mellea A9;
s2 preparation of mushroom sticks: selecting a trunk of a broad-leaved forest with the diameter of 10-15cm, sawing the trunk into sections with the length of 20-25cm as fungus sticks, and cutting fish scale openings on the fungus sticks; cutting branches with the diameter of 5-9cm into small segments with the diameter of 6-9cm as fungus branches; cutting fresh leaves of broad-leaved tree species into 6-8cm for later use; sawdust and muddy wet river sand are uniformly mixed and then used as a matrix;
s3 selecting the land: selecting mountain forest sunny mountain or semi-sunny mountain slope with elevation 2300 and 2500m, deep soil layer, loose and breathable texture and forest shading rate of 50-60% to make a compartment land with growth of 5-6m and width of 1-1.5m,
s4 digging pit: digging a pit with the length of 55-65cm, the width of 35-40cm and the depth of 15-18cm, paving the pit bottom, and keeping the soil layer of the pit loose, wherein the slope of the dug pit is consistent with that of the hillside;
s5 preparation of a fixed bacterial bed: 3-6 prepared fungus sticks are placed in each pit, the interval between every two adjacent fungus sticks is 2-3cm, Armillaria mellea A9 is respectively placed at two ends of each fungus stick, Armillaria mellea A9 is respectively placed in the middle of a spacing zone between the sticks and at a position 7-8cm away from each other, and the substrate prepared in S2 and the soil during pit digging are sequentially laid on the fungus sticks;
s6 arrangement of the fixed fungus bed: after 4-5 months, lightly digging a soil layer, and throwing the matrix on the fixed bacterial bed and the covered dug soil layer;
s7 types of ramie screening: selecting wild Gastrodia elata Blume according to standard, selecting short cylindrical tuber with a dry folding rate of 35-40%, no wrinkle, consistent ring line, whole body beige, and no disease, pest or scar;
s8 sowing: placing seed ramie at the fish scale opening of a fungus stick, keeping the head of the seed ramie upward and the tail downward, stabilizing the seed ramie with fresh soil, placing 4-6cm long and 3-4cm wide on the two sides of the seed ramie respectively, soaking fresh firewood blocks for 1-24 hours in clear water, sequentially covering a layer of crushed big leaves of the Juglans mandshurica tree with the length being less than or equal to 1cm and the width being less than or equal to 1cm, the fresh soil with the thickness of 5-6cm and a layer of big leaves of the Juglans mandshurica tree from inside to outside, covering the big leaves of the Juglans mandshurica tree with the substrate prepared in S2 with the thickness of 3-5cm, covering the fallen leaves of the forest tree, and controlling the temperature and the humidity;
and S9 harvesting: collecting in winter in the next year, removing covered soil, prying bacteria from one end of the cellar, taking out Gastrodia elata Blume, transplanting Gastrodia elata Blume as commodity hemp, and transplanting the rest Gastrodia elata Blume as seed hemp.
2. The high-yield gastrodia elata production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fish scale processing method is to cut a notch with the length of 3-5cm and the width of 1-1.5cm on an upward slope.
3. The high-yield gastrodia elata production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight ratio of the sawdust to the muddy-free wet river sand is 1: 1 or 3: 2.
4. the high-yield gastrodia elata production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: when digging the pit, the thickness of the loose soil at the bottom of the pit is 4-5 cm.
5. The high-yield gastrodia elata production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the covering substrate is 5-6cm when the fixed fungus bed is prepared, and the thickness of the soil is 5-6cm when the pit is dug.
6. The high-yield gastrodia elata production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the weight of the seed ramie is in the range of 450-500 g.
7. The high-yield gastrodia elata production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature management specifically comprises the following steps: in winter and early spring, the temperature of soil layer below 10cm in the pit is maintained at 0-5 deg.C, and the temperature of the soil layer is regulated by covering or building shed for seven, eight and nine months, and is controlled at 23-26 deg.C.
8. The high-yield gastrodia elata production process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the humidity management specifically comprises the following steps: moisture control and freeze prevention are carried out for 12-3 months, the water content of the soil is about 30 percent, the soil can be wetted after the soil is wet, the water is increased for 4-6 months to promote growth, the water content of the soil is 55-65 percent, the soil needs to be held by hand to form a cluster and fall to disperse, the moisture is reduced for 7-8 months, the water content of the soil is about 60 percent, the water control and bacteria inhibition are carried out for 9-10 months, the water content of the soil is 45-55 percent, the degree of slightly clustering and slightly kneading to disperse is needed to be reached, and the water content of the soil is about 30 percent in 11 months, so that.
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| KR20130115443A (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2013-10-22 | 정식영 | Method of artificial culture for gastrodia elata |
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| CN106358719A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-01 | 吴晓锋 | High-efficiency stable-yield and high-yield gastrodia elata planting method |
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