CN104885774A - Cultivation method of fructus schisandrae - Google Patents
Cultivation method of fructus schisandrae Download PDFInfo
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- CN104885774A CN104885774A CN201510366874.3A CN201510366874A CN104885774A CN 104885774 A CN104885774 A CN 104885774A CN 201510366874 A CN201510366874 A CN 201510366874A CN 104885774 A CN104885774 A CN 104885774A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of fructus schisandrae. The method comprises six steps including preprocessing seeds, sowing the seeds, cultivating seedlings, transplanting, field management, and harvesting. The cultivation method allows the usage of fructus schisandrae seeds to be simplified, and allows the cultivation technology of using the seeds to be simplified, thereby allowing the germination rate of the seeds to be increased to 85%, with the survival rate being 75%, the cultivation period being shortened within one year, and the yield in each mu (a unit of area) being increased to 1800 kilograms. The wild fructus schisandrae sources are protected by the cultivation manner of cultivating the seedlings and transplanting them, thereby shortening the cultivation period, and increasing the economical benefits, with the environmental benefits being considered concurrently.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to traditional Chinese medicine culture technique.More specifically, a kind of fructus schisandrae cultivation method is related to.
Background technology
Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS is Magnoliacea plant, and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS is divided into two kinds, south, north.Pluck during Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS fruit maturation in autumn, dry or dry after steaming, removing carpopodium and impurity.Tang etc. " Tang materia medica " carry " the sweet acid of five tastes skin and flesh, arduous in core, have saline taste ", therefore have the name of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS.Ancient medical book Cheng Ta Chi Zhu, profound and, meeting and, list in the top grade Chinese medicine of Sheng Nong's herbal classic the earliest, the power of energy strengthening by means of tonics, medical value is high, has the effect improved the health.Fructus schisandrae matter is more excellent than kadsura longepedunculata.Fructus schisandrae is irregular spherical or oblate spheroid, diameter 5-8mm.Surface redness, aubergine or kermesinus, shrinkage, aobvious glossy, pulp is soft, and some surfaces are dark red or appearance " bloom ".Seed 1-2, kidney shape, surperficial brown color, glossy, seed coat is thin and crisp.Pulp gas is micro-, taste acid; After seed fragmentation, there is fragrance, pungent, the micro-hardship of taste.Surface brownish red is to burgundy, and shrivelled, shrinkage, pulp is often close on seed.In the middle of " Key Protected medicinal material species register ", Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS is listed in three-level protective species, visible, the preciousness of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS.
Fructus schisandrae is one of composition seeds of north temperate zone Broadleaved Korean pine forest.The weather that happiness is nice and cool, moistening, extremely cold-resistant, not drought-resistant and swale; Shallow root.Can normally survive the winter at the ice box fructus schisandrae of-42 DEG C, Second Year is normally solid.Require with the humid air, resistance to shade, but under the environment that illumination condition is good, be conducive to forming bud and instaminate flower showed increased.Three provinces in the northeast of China are main producing regions of fructus schisandrae, the mountain areas such as natural distribution Xiaoxing ' anling Mountains of Heilongjiang Province, Wanda Mountain, Zhang Guangcai ridge, master ridge.The annual production of current wild resource is 500-700 ton, and domestic Chinese Medicinal Materials Markets, pharmacy corporation, wine brewing processing enterprise and export abroad annual requirement are 3000-3500 ton.Supply falls short of demand for raw material, and wild fructus schisandrae ecotope is seriously damaged, and seed output and quality declines year by year, and resource is increasingly exhausted.
In prior art, the seed of fructus schisandrae, usually will through a series of process such as high temperature, low temperature, processing procedure very complicated, takes time and effort; And usually adopt cuttage, press strip and seminal propagation to be main, the germination rate of seed is generally 70%, and survival rate is generally 60%, and cultivation period is 2 years, and every per mu yield is generally 1500 ~ 3000 jin, and economic benefit is poor.
In the embodiment of the present invention; greatly simplify the preprocessing process of fructus schisandrae seed; and simplify the culture technique using seed to carry out; make the germination rate of seed bring up to 80%, survival rate is 65%, and cultivation period shortens to 1 year 08 months; every per mu yield brings up to 3200 jin; not only shorten cultivation period, and while improve economic benefit, wild fructus schisandrae resource is protected, there is significant ecnomics and enviroment benefit.
Summary of the invention
One object of the present invention is the cultivation method providing a kind of fructus schisandrae.The method comprises the pretreatment to seed, sowing, and nursery is transplanted, field management and this six part of gathering.Simplify the use of fructus schisandrae seed and simplify the culture technique using seed to carry out, by the planting type of seedling raising and transplanting, wild fructus schisandrae resource being protected, thus reaching the object shortening cultivation period.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical proposals:
A cultivation method for fructus schisandrae, comprises the steps:
1) pretreatment of seed
By the fructus schisandrae collecting fruit gathered then, get ripe healthy fructus schisandrae seed, clean after drying and immersed dense H
2sO
4in seed is processed, the time of immersion is 35-45 second, then by it from dense H
2sO
4in pull out, rinse well with clear water;
2) sow
By seed be equivalent to that seed 2 times of weight are wet husky and mix after huskyly under 30 DEG C of-35 DEG C of conditions hides 10 days, then seed to be placed under 13 DEG C of-15 DEG C of conditions sand Tibetan 60 days-65 days; Every three days regular replenishment suitable quantity of water during husky Tibetan, the water yield is suitable with seed weight, can sow after 75%-85% embryo development maturation;
3) nursery
Fructus schisandrae happiness sandy loam, in making bed at sandy loam April-May then, trench digging drilling, line-spacing is 15cm, and ditch depth is 3cm; Seed is evenly sown in ditch, mu seeding quantity about 5 kilograms, broadcasts rear earthing 1-2cm, slightly suppress, water, keep soil fully moistening; Within about 15 days, emerge, seedling is afraid of that day burns, and after emerging, arranges Simple pergola and shades, and kept bed surface moistening in 20 days; When seedling reaches 3-4 sheet leaf, by spacing in the rows 5-7 centimetre of final singling, water afterwards, weeding loosens the soil and topdress, every mu applies composite fertilizer 50 kilograms; Before transplant planting, every mu applies composite fertilizer 30 kilograms;
4) transplant
Treat that next year early May carries out, first want wholely, apply fertilizer, do ridge (carrying out in resting stage), select the farmland that soil is fertile, ventilating permeable is good, get rectangle, long 100-200m, wide 60-70m, by southern and northern direction, line-spacing 2m × spacing in the rows 1m, field planting Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS seedling; Carry out before field planting cave-shapedly digging the hole of 40cm × 40cm × 30cm wholely, note after field planting steady and surely also watering;
5) field management
Remove overstocked weak seedling after coming up, weed with a hoe, carry out 2-3 time every year, note not hindering root in weeding process; Shading shed is thrown off, the thinning when seedling grows to 5-8cm height, final singling when seedling grows to 10-12cm after seedling grows completely; 9-10 month applies ammonium sulfate then, every mu reaches 20-30 kilogram; May next year will be noted watering when transplanting, and also weeding 2-3 time of loosening the soil every year after transplanting, topdresses 3-4 time every year, apply ammonium sulfate, at every turn every mu of 20-30 kilogram;
6) gather
Pluck when 9-10 next year, the fruit month is scarlet, put after cutting and dry in the sun, fine day can appoint dew moistening night, and the large quality of such Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS oiliness is good; When hand is held flexible, be when unclamping recovery and make a good job of, go its carpopodium, impurity to put in storage or to sell.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows:
Cultivation method of the present invention simplifies the use of fructus schisandrae seed and simplifies the culture technique using seed to carry out; the germination rate of seed is made to bring up to 85%; survival rate is 75%; cultivation period shortens to 1 year; every per mu yield brings up to 3600 jin; by the planting type of seedling raising and transplanting, wild fructus schisandrae resource is protected, thus reach shorten cultivation period, increase economic efficiency and take into account the object of environmental benefit simultaneously.
Embodiment
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the present invention, below in conjunction with preferred embodiment, the present invention is described further.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that specifically described content is illustrative and nonrestrictive, should not limit the scope of the invention with this below.
Embodiment 1
1, Seeds preprocess
By the fructus schisandrae collecting fruit gathered then, get ripe healthy fructus schisandrae seed, cleaned after drying and immersed dense H
2sO
4process seed, the time of immersion is 35 seconds; Again by it from dense H
2sO
4pull out, rinse with clear water clean;
2, sow
Hide 10 days by husky under 35 DEG C of conditions after mixing with 2 times of wet sand for seed, then under seed being placed in 13 DEG C of conditions, sand is hidden 65 days.Every three days regular replenishment suitable quantity of water during husky Tibetan.Can sow after 75%-85% embryo development maturation.
3, nursery
Can make bed April-May, trench digging drilling, line-spacing is 15cm, and ditch depth is 3cm.Seed is evenly sown in ditch, mu seeding quantity about 5 kilograms, broadcasts rear earthing 2cm, slightly suppress, suitably water, keep soil fully moistening, within about 15 days, emerge, seedling is afraid of that day burns, and should arrange Simple pergola in time and shade, and in 20 days, keep bed surface moistening, when seedling reaches 4 leaves, by spacing in the rows 7 centimetres of final singlings, also will suitably water, weeding is loosened the soil and is topdressed later, and every mu applies composite fertilizer 50 kilograms, can transplant planting when tool 10 leaves, every mu applies composite fertilizer 30 kilograms.
4, transplant
Carry out after fall foliage then, first want wholely, apply fertilizer, do ridge (carrying out in resting stage).Select the farmland that soil is fertile, ventilating permeable is good, according to soil shape, geographical position, get rectangle, long 200 meters, wide 60 meters.By south-north direction, line-spacing distance is 2 meters, spacing in the rows 1 meter, field planting Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS seedling.Carry out before field planting cave-shapedly digging the hole of 40cm × 40cm × 30cm wholely.Field planting ground, except fertile, irrigation and drainage well, requires that the gradient is less than 15 degree.
5, field management
Remove overstocked weak seedling after nursery stage comes up, weed with a hoe, carry out 2 times every year, note not hindering root in weeding process, grow seedling and throw off shading shed, shelter from heat or light and should reach 70%, the thinning when seedling grows to 6cm height, final singling when seedling grows to 10cm, applies ammonium sulfate in 9-10 month, every mu reaches 20 kilograms, will note when next year, spring transplanted watering, also weeding 2 times of loosening the soil every year after transplanting, topdresses 3 times every year, apply ammonium sulfate, 20 kilograms every mu at every turn.
6, gather
Pluck when 9-10 month fruit is scarlet, put after cutting and dry in the sun, fine day can appoint dew moistening night, and the large quality of such Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS oiliness is good, when hand is held flexible, is and makes a good job of when unclamping recovery, go its carpopodium, impurity to put in storage or to sell.
Embodiment 2
1) pretreatment of seed
By the fructus schisandrae collecting fruit gathered then, get ripe healthy fructus schisandrae seed, clean after drying and immersed dense H
2sO
4in seed is processed, the time of immersion is 45 seconds, then by it from dense H
2sO
4in pull out, rinse well with clear water;
2) sow
By seed be equivalent to that seed 2 times of weight are wet husky and mix after huskyly under 30 DEG C of conditions hides 10 days, then seed to be placed under 15 DEG C of conditions sand Tibetan 60 days; Every three days regular replenishment suitable quantity of water during husky Tibetan, can sow after 75%-85% embryo development maturation;
3) nursery
Fructus schisandrae happiness sandy loam, makes bed April-May at sandy loam, trench digging drilling, and line-spacing is 15cm, and ditch depth is 3cm; Seed is evenly sown in ditch, mu seeding quantity about 5 kilograms, broadcasts rear earthing 1cm, slightly suppress, water, keep soil fully moistening; Within about 15 days, emerge, seedling is afraid of that day burns, and after emerging, arranges Simple pergola and shades, and kept bed surface moistening in 20 days; When seedling reaches 3 leaves, by spacing in the rows 5 centimetres of final singlings, water afterwards, weeding loosens the soil and topdress, every mu applies composite fertilizer 50 kilograms; Can transplant planting when reaching 5 leaves, every mu applies composite fertilizer 30 kilograms;
4) transplant
Treat that next year early May carries out, first want wholely, apply fertilizer, do ridge (carrying out in resting stage), select the farmland that soil is fertile, ventilating permeable is good, get rectangle, long 100m, wide 70m, by southern and northern direction, line-spacing 2m × spacing in the rows 1m, field planting Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS seedling; Carry out before field planting cave-shapedly digging the hole of 40cm × 40cm × 30cm wholely, note after field planting steady and surely also watering;
5) field management
Remove overstocked weak seedling after coming up, weed with a hoe, carry out 3 times every year, note not hindering root in weeding process; Grow seedling and throw off shading shed, shelter from heat or light and should reach 70%, the thinning when seedling grows to 5cm height, final singling when seedling grows to 12cm; Apply ammonium sulfate in 9-10 month, every mu reaches 30 kilograms; May next year will be noted watering when transplanting, and also weeding 3 times of loosening the soil every year after transplanting, topdresses every year 4 times, apply ammonium sulfate, 20 kilograms every mu at every turn;
6) gather
Pluck when 9-10 month fruit is scarlet, put after cutting and dry in the sun, fine day can appoint dew moistening night, and the large quality of such Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS oiliness is good; When hand is held flexible, be when unclamping recovery and make a good job of, go its carpopodium, impurity to put in storage or to sell.
In the embodiment of the present invention; greatly simplify the preprocessing process of fructus schisandrae seed; and simplify the culture technique using seed to carry out; make the germination rate of seed bring up to 82%, survival rate is 70%, and cultivation period shortens to 1 year 05 months; every per mu yield brings up to 3400 jin; not only shorten cultivation period, and while improve economic benefit, wild fructus schisandrae resource is protected, there is significant ecnomics and enviroment benefit.
Embodiment 3
A cultivation method for fructus schisandrae, comprises the steps:
1) pretreatment of seed
By the fructus schisandrae collecting fruit gathered then, get ripe healthy fructus schisandrae seed, clean after drying and immersed dense H
2sO
4in seed is processed, the time of immersion is 40 seconds, then by it from dense H
2sO
4in pull out, rinse well with clear water;
2) sow
By seed be equivalent to that seed 2 times of weight are wet husky and mix after huskyly under 33 DEG C of conditions hides 10 days, then seed to be placed under 14 DEG C of conditions sand Tibetan 63 days; Every three days regular replenishment suitable quantity of water during husky Tibetan, can sow after 75%-85% embryo development maturation;
3) nursery
Fructus schisandrae happiness sandy loam, makes bed April-May at sandy loam, trench digging drilling, and line-spacing is 15cm, and ditch depth is 3cm; Seed is evenly sown in ditch, mu seeding quantity about 5 kilograms, broadcasts rear earthing 1.5cm, slightly suppress, water, keep soil fully moistening; Within about 15 days, emerge, seedling is afraid of that day burns, and after emerging, arranges Simple pergola and shades, and kept bed surface moistening in 20 days; When seedling reaches 4 leaves, by spacing in the rows 6 centimetres of final singlings, water afterwards, weeding loosens the soil and topdress, every mu applies composite fertilizer 50 kilograms; Can transplant planting when reaching 8 leaves, every mu applies composite fertilizer 30 kilograms;
4) transplant
Treat that next year early May carries out, first want wholely, apply fertilizer, do ridge (carrying out in resting stage), select the farmland that soil is fertile, ventilating permeable is good, get rectangle, long 150m, wide 65m, by southern and northern direction, line-spacing 2m × spacing in the rows 1m, field planting Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS seedling; Carry out before field planting cave-shapedly digging the hole of 40cm × 40cm × 30cm wholely, note after field planting steady and surely also watering;
5) field management
Remove overstocked weak seedling after coming up, weed with a hoe, carry out 3 times every year, note not hindering root in weeding process; Grow seedling and throw off shading shed, shelter from heat or light and should reach 70%, the thinning when seedling grows to 8cm height, final singling when seedling grows to 12cm; Apply ammonium sulfate in October, every mu reaches 25 kilograms; May next year will be noted watering when transplanting, and also weeding 3 times of loosening the soil every year after transplanting, topdresses every year 4 times, apply ammonium sulfate, 25 kilograms every mu at every turn;
6) gather
Pluck when 9-10 month fruit is scarlet, put after cutting and dry in the sun, fine day can appoint dew moistening night, and the large quality of such Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS oiliness is good; When hand is held flexible, be when unclamping recovery and make a good job of, go its carpopodium, impurity to put in storage or to sell.
In the embodiment of the present invention; greatly simplify the preprocessing process of fructus schisandrae seed; and simplify the culture technique using seed to carry out; make the germination rate of seed bring up to 85%, survival rate is 75%, and cultivation period shortens to 1 year; every per mu yield brings up to 3600 jin; not only shorten cultivation period, and while improve economic benefit, wild fructus schisandrae resource is protected, there is significant ecnomics and enviroment benefit.
Obviously; the above embodiment of the present invention is only for example of the present invention is clearly described; and be not the restriction to embodiments of the present invention; for those of ordinary skill in the field; can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description; here cannot give exhaustive to all embodiments, every belong to technical scheme of the present invention the apparent change of extending out or variation be still in the row of protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a cultivation method for fructus schisandrae, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
1) pretreatment of seed
By the fructus schisandrae collecting fruit gathered then, get ripe healthy fructus schisandrae seed, clean after drying and immersed dense H
2sO
4in seed is processed, the time of immersion is 35-45 second, then by it from dense H
2sO
4in pull out, rinse well with clear water;
2) sow
By seed be equivalent to that seed 2 times of weight are wet husky and mix after huskyly under 30 DEG C of-35 DEG C of conditions hides 10 days, then seed to be placed under 13 DEG C of-15 DEG C of conditions sand Tibetan 60 days-65 days; Every three days supplementary suitable quantity of water during husky Tibetan, the water yield is suitable with seed weight, can sow after 75%-85% embryo development maturation;
3) nursery
In making bed at sandy loam April-May then, trench digging drilling, line-spacing is 15cm, and ditch depth is 3cm; Seed is evenly sown in ditch, mu seeding quantity about 5 kilograms, broadcasts rear earthing 1-2cm, slightly suppress, water, keep soil fully moistening; Within about 15 days, emerge, after emerging, Simple pergola is set and shades, and kept bed surface moistening in 20 days; When seedling reaches 3-4 sheet leaf, by spacing in the rows 5-7 centimetre of final singling, water afterwards, weeding loosens the soil and topdress, every mu applies composite fertilizer 50 kilograms; Can transplant planting when reaching 5-10 sheet leaf, before transplant planting, every mu applies composite fertilizer 30 kilograms;
4) transplant
Treat that next year early May carries out, select the farmland that soil is fertile, ventilating permeable is good, get rectangle, long 100-200m, wide 60-70m, by southern and northern direction, line-spacing 2m × spacing in the rows 1m, field planting Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd.et WilS seedling; Carry out before field planting cave-shapedly digging the hole of 40cm × 40cm × 30cm wholely, note after field planting steady and surely also watering;
5) field management
Remove overstocked weak seedling after coming up, weed with a hoe, carry out 2-3 time every year; Shading shed is thrown off, the thinning when seedling grows to 5-8cm height, final singling when seedling grows to 10-12cm after seedling grows completely; 9-10 month applies ammonium sulfate then, every mu reaches 20-30 kilogram; May next year will be noted watering when transplanting, and also weeding 2-3 time of loosening the soil every year after transplanting, topdresses 3-4 time every year, apply ammonium sulfate, at every turn every mu of 20-30 kilogram;
6) gather
Pluck when 9-10 next year, the fruit month is scarlet, put after cutting and dry in the sun, fine day can appoint dew moistening night; When hand is held flexible, be when unclamping recovery and make a good job of, go its carpopodium, impurity to put in storage or to sell.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106068764A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-09 | 叶祥蕤 | The quick germination method of Fructus Schisandrae Sphenantherae seed |
| CN106258310A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-01-04 | 桂林聚晖生态农林开发有限公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of Radix et Rhizoma Smilacis Ripariae culturing and transplanting seedlings |
| CN106961956A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-07-21 | 项子豪 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine |
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| CN102986421A (en) * | 2012-11-25 | 2013-03-27 | 溧阳市天目湖保健品有限公司 | Cultivating method of fructus schisandrae |
| CN102986331A (en) * | 2012-11-25 | 2013-03-27 | 溧阳市天目湖保健品有限公司 | Treatment method of seeds of fructus schisandrae |
| CN104106363A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2014-10-22 | 钓鱼台医药集团吉林天强制药股份有限公司 | Cultivation method for schisandra chinensis |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106068764A (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2016-11-09 | 叶祥蕤 | The quick germination method of Fructus Schisandrae Sphenantherae seed |
| CN106258310A (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2017-01-04 | 桂林聚晖生态农林开发有限公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of Radix et Rhizoma Smilacis Ripariae culturing and transplanting seedlings |
| CN106961956A (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-07-21 | 项子豪 | A kind of method for culturing seedlings of the fruit of Chinese magnoliavine |
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