CN111995464A - Preparation method of compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding - Google Patents
Preparation method of compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding Download PDFInfo
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- CN111995464A CN111995464A CN202010914820.7A CN202010914820A CN111995464A CN 111995464 A CN111995464 A CN 111995464A CN 202010914820 A CN202010914820 A CN 202010914820A CN 111995464 A CN111995464 A CN 111995464A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/14—Tablets, spikes, rods, blocks or balls
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding, which comprises the following steps: step A: anaerobic fermentation to obtain anaerobic digestion liquid; and B: dehydrating to obtain biogas residues with the water content of 65-70%; and C: carrying out aerobic fermentation to obtain an aerobic fermentation material; step D: aging to obtain an organic fertilizer; step E: preparing the composite microbial fertilizer manufacturing materials in proportion to obtain a mixed material; step F: and (3) granulation: granulating the mixed material to obtain columnar fertilizer particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm; step G: drying: drying and cooling the columnar fertilizer particles to obtain fertilizer particles with the water content of 10-20%; step H: and probiotics are added to prepare the compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding. The composite microbial fertilizer has a better water fertilizing effect, and can promote the increment of diatoms after being applied, so that the quantity of the diatoms in a water body is higher, and the growth speed of crayfish seedlings is higher. This indicates that the fertilizer of the present invention is suitable for crayfish breeding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microbial fertilizer production, in particular to a production method of a compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding.
Background
Crayfish is more and more popular with consumers as a table food. The huge consumer market also promotes the rapid growth of the breeding scale of the crayfishes. In the process of culturing the crayfish, rich water is needed, namely, the nutrition of the water body in the pond is enriched through the additional nutrition, the growth amount of algae and aquatic weeds in the water is increased, rich bait is provided for the growth of the crayfish, the water temperature can be increased, the growth of moss is inhibited, and the survival rate and the growth speed of crayfish seedlings are increased.
The existing water fertilizing measures are mainly to add chemical fertilizers or livestock and poultry breeding excrement into a water body, and the addition of the chemical fertilizers is not easy to control the amount, so that the water body is over eutrophicated, and the water body is anoxic, so that crayfish is dead. The livestock and poultry manure is not subjected to effective aerobic fermentation usually, and the eggs and pathogenic bacteria mixed in the manure are easy to cause crayfish to infect various diseases, and meanwhile, potential safety hazards are brought to diet sanitation.
Therefore, aiming at the increasing crayfish breeding scale, the problem to be solved is how to provide a safe and effective fertilizer product for fertilizing water and improving the survival rate and the growth speed of crayfish seedlings.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish cultivation, which can solve the problems that the water body is easily over-eutrophicated and polluted by directly adding a chemical fertilizer or livestock and poultry cultivation excrement into the water body for water fertilization, so that crayfish death and various diseases are caused.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding, which comprises the following steps:
step A: anaerobic fermentation:
feeding an anaerobic mixed material with the water content of 80-85% and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30 into a high dry anaerobic reactor for anaerobic fermentation to obtain anaerobic digestion liquid;
the anaerobic mixed material comprises at least one of livestock and poultry manure, straws and a straw biogas slurry mixture;
and B: and (3) dehydrating:
transferring the anaerobic digestion solution obtained in the step A to a screw extrusion dehydrator to be extruded and dehydrated to obtain biogas residues with the water content of 65-70%;
and C: aerobic fermentation:
mixing the biogas residues obtained in the step B, auxiliary materials and animal wastes into an aerobic mixture with the water content of 60-65%, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30 and the pH value of 6-8, and feeding the aerobic mixture into an aerobic roller for aerobic fermentation to obtain an aerobic fermentation material;
step D: aging:
aging the aerobic fermentation material obtained in the step C in an aging tank for 7-10 days to obtain an organic fertilizer with the water content of 25-40%, the organic matter content of 45-60% and the pH value of 6-8;
step E: preparing the composite microbial fertilizer by the following materials in proportion:
after the organic fertilizer obtained in the step D is primarily screened, mixing the organic fertilizer, a chemical fertilizer and a disintegrating agent according to a mass ratio of 80-90:8-15:1-6 to obtain a mixed material;
step F: and (3) granulation:
e, adding the mixed material obtained in the step E into a granulator for granulation to obtain columnar fertilizer particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm;
step G: drying:
drying the columnar fertilizer particles obtained in the step F in a drying roller, and then cooling the fertilizer particles to 40-55 ℃ in a cooling roller to obtain fertilizer particles with the water content of 10-20%;
step H: adding probiotics:
and G, spraying a sugar solution with the mass fraction of 2-4% onto the surface layer of the fertilizer granules obtained in the step G, then spraying probiotic bacteria powder onto the surface of the fertilizer granules, and reducing the water content to 25-30% by depending on the residual temperature of the fertilizer granules, thus obtaining the compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the preparation method of the compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
adopting two-stage fermentation process, firstly carrying out anaerobic fermentation, and then carrying out aerobic fermentation; wherein, the anaerobic fermentation stage can generate biogas for energy utilization, thereby generating certain economic benefit; in the aerobic fermentation stage, pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs are killed by high temperature generated by fermentation, so that the safety of the fertilizer is improved. Compared with the simple aerobic fermentation, the method has higher economic benefit; the dry anaerobic fermentation process is adopted for anaerobic treatment, the feed proportion can be adjusted to realize zero discharge of the biogas slurry, compared with the traditional wet fermentation, the problem of consumption of the biogas slurry is not needed to be worried about, and the pressure on the surrounding environment is small; the aerobic stage adopts an aerobic roller for fermentation, the fermentation is closed type fermentation, odor generated in the fermentation process is hit, collected and disposed, and is not discharged into the air, so that the pollution to the atmosphere due to odor diffusion is avoided; thoroughly fermenting and decomposing, preventing pathogenic bacteria and pest eggs from being brought into water, enriching organic matters and mineral elements, releasing nutrition for a long time, and being beneficial to the growth of algae and aquatic weeds; additionally adding nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, ferrum and silicon, which is beneficial to the rapid propagation of unicellular algae such as diatom and chlamydomonas, provides rich bait for the growth of crayfish and simultaneously inhibits the growth of moss; the special addition of bacillus disease-resistant strains improves the disease resistance of crayfishes and photosynthetic bacteria for purifying water; the granular formulation avoids dust flying in the using process, is environment-friendly and is suitable for outdoor operation; the disintegrant is added into the granules, so that the granules are quickly disintegrated after entering water, and the fertilizer efficiency is more quickly exerted.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific contents of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Details which are not described in detail in the embodiments of the invention belong to the prior art which is known to the person skilled in the art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a preparation method of a compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding, which comprises the following steps:
step A: anaerobic fermentation:
feeding an anaerobic mixed material with the water content of 80-85% and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30 into a high dry anaerobic reactor for anaerobic fermentation to obtain anaerobic digestion liquid;
the anaerobic mixed material comprises at least one of livestock and poultry manure, straws and a straw biogas slurry mixture;
and B: and (3) dehydrating:
transferring the anaerobic digestion solution obtained in the step A to a screw extrusion dehydrator to be extruded and dehydrated to obtain biogas residues with the water content of 65-70%;
and C: aerobic fermentation:
mixing the biogas residues obtained in the step B, auxiliary materials and animal wastes into an aerobic mixture with the water content of 60-65%, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30 and the pH value of 6-8, and feeding the aerobic mixture into an aerobic roller for aerobic fermentation to obtain an aerobic fermentation material;
step D: aging:
aging the aerobic fermentation material obtained in the step C in an aging tank for 7-10 days to obtain an organic fertilizer with the water content of 25-40%, the organic matter content of 45-60% and the pH value of 6-8;
step E: preparing the composite microbial fertilizer by the following materials in proportion:
after the organic fertilizer obtained in the step D is primarily screened, mixing the organic fertilizer, a chemical fertilizer and a disintegrating agent according to a mass ratio of 80-90:8-15:1-6 to obtain a mixed material;
step F: and (3) granulation:
e, adding the mixed material obtained in the step E into a granulator for granulation to obtain columnar fertilizer particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm;
step G: drying:
drying the columnar fertilizer particles obtained in the step F in a drying roller, and then cooling the fertilizer particles to 40-55 ℃ in a cooling roller to obtain fertilizer particles with the water content of 10-20%;
step H: adding probiotics:
and G, spraying a sugar solution with the mass fraction of 2-4% onto the surface layer of the fertilizer granules obtained in the step G, then spraying probiotic bacteria powder onto the surface of the fertilizer granules, and reducing the water content to 25-30% by depending on the residual temperature of the fertilizer granules, thus obtaining the compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding.
In the above-mentioned method, the first step of the method,
in the step A, the straws contained in the anaerobic mixed material are crushed straws with the particle size not larger than 20 mm;
the fermentation period of the high-dry anaerobic reactor for anaerobic fermentation is 25-30 days, and the fermentation temperature is 45-50 ℃;
in the step C, the mixture is aerobically fermented for 7-10 days in an aerobic roller fermentation process, wherein the material fermentation temperature is maintained for more than 3 days at more than 55 ℃;
the drying temperature in the step G is 50-100 ℃;
and H, the total effective viable count of the compound microbial fertilizer prepared in the step H is not less than 0.2 hundred million/g.
The straws in the step A of the method are at least one of corn straws, wheat straws, rice straws, rape straws and soybean straws;
the livestock and poultry manure in the step A is at least one of pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure, horse manure and sheep manure;
the high dry anaerobic reactor in the step A is a dry anaerobic reactor; the solid content of the prepared anaerobic digestion solution is 15-20%.
In the step C of the method, the auxiliary materials are at least one of mushroom residue, sawdust and straw with the water content of below 40%;
and the animal manure in the step C is at least one of chicken manure and pig manure with the water content of 70-85%.
The fertilizer in the step E of the method is prepared from a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, an iron fertilizer and a silicon fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 35-40:3-4:1-2: 1-2.
Wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is one or a combination of urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium nitrate;
the phosphate fertilizer is one or a combination of more of monopotassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and superphosphate;
the iron fertilizer is one or a combination of more of ferric trichloride, ferrous sulfate and ferric citrate;
the silicon fertilizer is one or a combination of sodium silicate, potassium silicate and sodium metasilicate.
The disintegrant in step E of the above process is an organic or inorganic substance. Preferably, the inorganic substance is at least one of bentonite and montmorillonite; the organic substance is at least one of corn starch and potato starch.
In the step E of the method, the grain sizes of the fertilizer and the disintegrant are both 150-300 meshes.
The probiotics in the step H of the method are at least one of bacillus probiotics and photosynthetic bacteria. The bacillus probiotics is at least one of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, paenibacillus mucilaginosus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens which have the function of improving the disease resistance of crayfish. The photosynthetic bacteria adopt rhodopseudomonas palustris which has a purifying effect on water.
The preparation method adopts a two-stage fermentation process, and anaerobic fermentation is carried out firstly, and then aerobic fermentation is carried out. The anaerobic stage can generate biogas for energy utilization, thereby generating certain economic benefit. In the aerobic stage, pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs are killed by high temperature generated by fermentation, so that the safety of the fertilizer is improved. Compared with the simple aerobic fermentation, the method has higher economic benefit; the dry anaerobic fermentation process is adopted for anaerobic treatment, the feed proportion can be adjusted to realize zero discharge of the biogas slurry, compared with the traditional wet fermentation, the problem of consumption of the biogas slurry is not needed to be worried about, and the pressure on the surrounding environment is small; the aerobic stage adopts an aerobic roller for fermentation, the fermentation is closed type fermentation, odor generated in the fermentation process is hit, collected and disposed, and is not discharged into the air, so that the pollution to the atmosphere due to odor diffusion is avoided; thoroughly fermenting and decomposing, preventing pathogenic bacteria and pest eggs from being brought into water, enriching organic matters and mineral elements, releasing nutrition for a long time, and being beneficial to the growth of algae and aquatic weeds; additionally adding nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, ferrum and silicon, which is beneficial to the rapid propagation of unicellular algae such as diatom and chlamydomonas, provides rich bait for the growth of crayfish and simultaneously inhibits the growth of moss; the special addition of bacillus disease-resistant strains improves the disease resistance of crayfishes and photosynthetic bacteria for purifying water; the granular formulation avoids dust flying in the using process, is environment-friendly and is suitable for outdoor operation; the disintegrant is added into the granules, so that the granules are quickly disintegrated after entering water, and the fertilizer efficiency is more quickly exerted.
The embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding, which comprises the following steps:
step A: anaerobic fermentation:
crushing the straws to the particle size of less than 20mm, uniformly mixing the straws with the livestock and poultry manure according to a certain proportion, and then feeding the mixture into a high dry anaerobic reactor for anaerobic fermentation, wherein the fermentation period is 25-30 days, and the fermentation temperature is 45-50 ℃;
the high dry anaerobic reactor in the step is a DANAS high dry anaerobic reactor developed by Beijing Zhongshou green energy environment technology Limited.
The straws in the step are one or a combination of a plurality of common crop straws such as corn straws, wheat straws, rice straws, rape straws, soybean straws and the like. The livestock and poultry manure is one or a combination of a plurality of common breeding manure such as pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure, horse manure, sheep manure and the like. Specifically, the anaerobic mixed material can be prepared from livestock and poultry manure or various straws and a mixture of the straws and biogas slurry, and the anaerobic mixed material can be prepared from the mixed material with the water content of 80-85% and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30.
The biogas slurry in the step B is obtained by extruding anaerobic digestion liquid through a spiral extrusion dehydrator, and the water content of the biogas slurry is 90-93%. The mixing proportion of the straw, the excrement and the biogas slurry mainly depends on the water content and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed material, the water content of the mixed material is 80-85%, and the optimal carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled within a range of 20-30.
The purpose of crushing the straws to the grain size of not more than 20mm is to increase the contact area of the straws and anaerobic bacteria and improve the anaerobic reaction efficiency. The positioning of the fermentation period for 25-30 days is to control the anaerobic reaction duration in a reasonable interval. The reaction temperature is realized by heating the reactor by externally providing hot circulating water, the reaction temperature is increased, the gas production rate of materials is favorably improved, but the reaction temperature is too high, a large amount of energy is consumed to maintain the reaction temperature, and the cost is increased. In the invention, the reaction temperature is maintained at 45-50 ℃ which is the optimal reaction temperature range summarized by a large number of experiments and is a balance point for reducing reaction energy consumption and improving gas production rate.
The straw crushing equipment used in the step is a common straw crusher in the current market.
And B: and (3) dehydrating:
transferring the anaerobic digestion solution to a screw extrusion dehydrator to remove certain water, so as to obtain biogas residues with the water content of 65-70%;
the screw extrusion dehydrator in the step is extrusion dehydration equipment which is sold in the market at present and is commonly used in the treatment of the livestock and poultry manure. The principle of the screw extrusion dehydrator is that the feeding is mechanically extruded to achieve the purpose of reducing the water content of the material. The purpose of the extrusion dehydration in the step is to reduce the water content of the biogas residues, so that oxygen can enter the gaps of the materials for aerobic fermentation bacteria to breathe during aerobic fermentation.
And C: aerobic fermentation:
mixing the biogas residues with auxiliary materials to ensure that the water content of the materials is 60-65% and the pH value is 6-8, and performing aerobic fermentation in an aerobic roller for 7-10 days, wherein the fermentation temperature of the materials is maintained above 55 ℃ for more than 3 days;
the aerobic roller fermentation device in the step is an SG-DACT aerobic roller developed by Beijing Zhongshou Green energy environmental technology Limited.
The auxiliary materials in the step are materials for adjusting the water content and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the fermentation materials, and include but are not limited to one or more of common crop straws, mushroom residues, sawdust, chicken manure, pig manure and the like. Meanwhile, the water content of the materials is controlled to be below 40%, when the water content of the auxiliary materials is too high, the use amount of the auxiliary materials is increased forcibly for reducing the water content of the mixed materials, so that the fermentation cost is increased, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the mixed materials exceeds a reasonable range, and the aerobic fermentation effect is reduced.
Step D: aging:
aging the aerobic fermentation material in an aging tank for 7-10 days to obtain an organic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer has the water content of 25-40%, the organic matter content of 45-60% and the pH value of 6-8;
in the aging step, the discharged material (namely, the aerobic fermentation material) in the step C is further subjected to standing fermentation, so that the property of the fermentation material is further stabilized, and the water content of the material is further reduced.
Step E: preparing the composite microbial fertilizer by the following materials in proportion:
c, primarily screening the organic fertilizer obtained in the step D, and then screening the organic fertilizer: fertilizer: mixing the disintegrating agents according to the mass ratio of 80-90:8-15:1-6 to obtain a mixed material;
the fertilizer adopted in the step is mainly mineral elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, silicon and the like, and the mass ratio of the elements is nitrogen fertilizer (N) and phosphorus fertilizer (P)2O5) The fertilizer is prepared from an iron fertilizer and a silicon fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 35-40:3-4:1-2:1-2, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer can be one or the combination of urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium nitrate; the phosphate fertilizer is one or the combination of more of monopotassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and superphosphate; the iron fertilizer is one or a combination of more of ferric trichloride, ferric sulfite and ferric citrate; the silicon fertilizer is one or the combination of more of sodium silicate, potassium silicate and sodium metasilicate. The chemical fertilizers are all fertilizer varieties which are conveniently bought in the market. The purpose of adding the chemical fertilizer is to make up for the defects of low nutrient content and slow release speed of the organic fertilizer, and the purpose of combining long-acting and short-acting release of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is achieved by adding the organic fertilizer and the chemical fertilizer according to a certain proportion. The diatom is a high-quality bait, and elements such as silicon, iron and the like which are specially added into the fertilizer are used for promoting the proliferation of monadian such as diatom in a water body, so that the requirement of crayfish on the bait in the early stage is met, the transmittance of the aquaculture water body is reduced by increasing the number of diatoms, and the blue green algae are inhibitedThe growth of moss. Meanwhile, the growth of baits such as aquatic weeds and the like is promoted, and the requirement of the crayfish on the baits in the later growth stage is ensured.
The disintegrating agent in the step is one or a combination of several of the following organic matters or inorganic matters, wherein the inorganic matters can be bentonite, montmorillonite and other minerals, the organic matters refer to corn starch, potato starch and the like, and the disintegrating agent has the function of making fertilizer particles absorb water and disintegrate after being applied into a crayfish culture water body, so that nutrients in the fertilizer are released more easily, and the effect of the fertilizer is exerted better. The particle size of the disintegrant in this step should be controlled to be between 150-300 mesh, and if the particle size is too large, the disintegration effect of the fertilizer particles is affected, and if the particle size is too small, the production cost will be high. Meanwhile, a small amount of mineral elements contained in the disintegrating agent also has a certain promotion effect on the growth and development of algae in the water body.
Step F: and (3) granulation:
e, adding the mixed material obtained in the step E into an extrusion granulator for granulation to obtain columnar granules with the grain size of 3-5 mm;
the extrusion granulator in this step is preferably a vertical flat-die extrusion granulator.
Step G: drying:
f, drying the fertilizer granules obtained in the step F in a drying roller at the drying temperature of 50-100 ℃, then cooling the surface temperature of the fertilizer granules to 40-55 ℃ in a cooling roller, wherein the water content of the obtained granules is 10-20%
The drying roller in the step adopts a rolling form, fertilizer particles are lifted and freely fall in the roller, and the full contact between hot air and the surfaces of the fertilizer particles is realized, so that the temperature of the fertilizer particles is reduced. The equipment is common fertilizer drying equipment on the market.
The cooling roller in the step is a shoveling plate utilizing the inside of the roller, when the roller rotates, fertilizer particles are shoveled and fall down, and cold air is blown into the inside of the roller through a fan in the falling process, so that heat in the fertilizer particles is taken away by the cold air, and the temperature of the particles is reduced. The equipment is common fertilizer granule cooling equipment on the market.
The moisture of the particles is dried to a lower level of 10-20% in the step, so that the total moisture of the fertilizer is conveniently controlled in the subsequent step, and meanwhile, the particles are provided with residual temperature of 40-55 ℃, on one hand, the death of microorganisms sprayed on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles due to the overhigh residual temperature is prevented, and on the other hand, the moisture of the particles can be further reduced after the particles are sprayed with the bacteria liquid by utilizing the residual temperature of the particles, so that the moisture of the fertilizer is controlled to be at a lower level.
Step H: adding probiotics:
spraying a sugar solution with the mass fraction of 2-4% onto the surface layer of the fertilizer granules, then spraying probiotic bacteria powder onto the surface of the fertilizer granules, and reducing the water content to 25-30% by means of the residual temperature of the granules to obtain the compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding.
The purpose of using the sugar solution in the step is to enable the microorganisms to be better attached to the surface of the fertilizer particles by means of the adhesiveness of the sugar substances, and if the added probiotics have liquid bacteria liquid, the probiotics are added into the sugar solution.
The probiotics used in the step can be rhodopseudomonas palustris, bacillus and other strains, wherein the bacillus comprises but is not limited to bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, paenibacillus mucilaginosus and the like, and the strains are all easy to purchase from the market to obtain corresponding commercial bactericides.
The rhodopseudomonas palustris is a photosynthetic bacterium, organic substances such as excrement, fish and shrimp residues, bait and the like can be accumulated at the bottom of a culture water body in the culture process of crayfish, the organic substances are degraded to consume a large amount of oxygen in the water body, the water body is easy to generate oxygen deficiency, meanwhile, ammonium nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and the like released in the degradation process can influence the growth of the crayfish and possibly cause water bloom, and the rhodopseudomonas palustris is used as a common light and bacterium on aquatic products, can absorb and fix harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide and the like in the water body by using light as an energy source, purifies the water body and creates a good culture environment for the water body.
Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis and other bacilli are also commonly used probiotics for aquaculture. The bacillus can secrete antibiotic and other bacteriostatic substances, and simultaneously compete with pathogenic bacteria in digestive tracts of fishes and shrimps to inhibit the proliferation of the pathogenic bacteria, thereby achieving the effect of disease resistance.
The sugar in step H is a sugar in a broad sense, and may be starch such as corn starch, potato starch, sweet potato starch, tapioca starch, or disaccharide such as maltose, fructose, or a mixture of one or more of the above sugars.
The probiotics added in the step is the combination of one or more of the strains, and finally the effective viable count of the fertilizer particles is not less than 0.2 hundred million/g.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding, which comprises the following steps:
step A: anaerobic fermentation:
corn straws with the water content of 25% are crushed into particles with the particle size of 20mm by a straw crusher, the particles are fed with chicken manure with the water content of 80% and biogas slurry with the water content of 90% according to the mass ratio of 1:8:6, the water content of materials in a high dry anaerobic reactor (a DANAS high dry anaerobic reactor developed by Beijing Hold Green energy Environment technology Limited) is maintained at the level of 80.3%, the materials enter the high dry anaerobic reactor for anaerobic fermentation to obtain anaerobic digestion liquid, the fermentation period is 30 days, and the fermentation temperature is 50 ℃;
and B: and (3) dehydrating:
transferring the anaerobic digestion solution to a screw extrusion dehydrator to remove certain water, so as to obtain biogas residues with water content of 70% and biogas slurry with water content of 90%;
and C: aerobic fermentation:
mixing biogas residue with a water content of 70%, chicken manure with a water content of 80% and corn straw with a water content of 25% according to a mass ratio of 7:2:2 to form a mixture, wherein the water content of the mixture is 63.3%, the pH value of the mixture is 6-8, and the mixture is fed into an aerobic fermentation roller (SG-DACT aerobic fermentation roller developed by Beijing Hold Green energy and Environment technology Co., Ltd.) to perform aerobic fermentation for 10 days, wherein the material fermentation temperature is maintained above 55 ℃ for 4 days, and the corn straw with a water content of 25% is crushed into a particle size of 2mm in advance by a straw crusher;
step D: aging:
c, aging the aerobic fermentation material obtained in the step C in an aging tank for 10 days to obtain an organic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer has the water content of 28 percent, the organic matter content of 60 percent and the pH value of 7;
step E: preparing the composite microbial fertilizer by the following materials in proportion:
c, primarily screening the organic fertilizer obtained in the step D, and then screening the organic fertilizer: fertilizer: the mass ratio of the disintegrating agent is 90: 7:3 to obtain a mixed material; wherein, the fertilizer is prepared according to the following steps of ammonium sulfate 35: calcium superphosphate 4: and (3) ferric citrate 2: matching the sodium metasilicate 2 according to the mass ratio; the disintegrating agent used in the step is corn starch, and the crushed grain size is 150 meshes;
step F: and (3) granulation:
e, adding the mixed material obtained in the step E into a flat die extrusion granulator for granulation to obtain columnar granules with the grain diameter of 3 mm;
step G: drying and cooling:
d, sending the columnar particles obtained in the step F into an organic fertilizer dryer to be dried at the temperature of 80 ℃, and then transferring the organic fertilizer into a roller cooler to cool the fertilizer particles to 40 ℃ to obtain granular organic fertilizer with the water content of 20%;
step H: adding probiotics:
adding a bacterium solution containing rhodopseudomonas palustris and maltose into water to prepare a sugar solution with the maltose concentration of 2% (mass ratio), and spraying the prepared sugar solution on the surface of the granular organic fertilizer obtained in the step G in a mist shape, so that the water content of the whole granular organic fertilizer is controlled to be below 30%; and then spraying mixed powder of bacillus subtilis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the surface of the granular organic fertilizer, stirring to enable the powder to be uniformly adhered to the surface of the fertilizer granules, and finally enabling the total effective viable count of the pseudomonas palustris, the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the fertilizer granules to be 5 hundred million/g, thereby finally preparing the composite microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish culture.
Example 2:
the embodiment provides a preparation method of a compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding, which comprises the following steps:
step A: anaerobic fermentation:
feeding cow dung with water content of 80% into a high dry anaerobic reactor (such as DANAS high dry anaerobic reactor developed by Beijing Suzuan Green energy Environment technology Co., Ltd.), controlling the water content of the material in the reactor at 80%, and feeding into the anaerobic reactor for anaerobic fermentation with a fermentation period of 25 days and a fermentation temperature of 48 ℃;
and B: and (3) dehydrating:
transferring the anaerobic digestion solution to a screw extrusion dehydrator for solid-liquid separation to obtain biogas residues with water content of 70% and biogas slurry with water content of 90%;
and C: aerobic fermentation:
mixing biogas residue with water content of 70%, pig manure with water content of 80% and wheat straw with water content of 20% according to the mass ratio of 7:7:3, fermenting in an aerobic fermentation roller (SG-DACT aerobic fermentation roller developed by Beijing Hold Green energy Environment technology Co., Ltd.) until the water content of the mixed material is 61% and the pH value is 7, and performing aerobic fermentation for 7 days, wherein the fermentation temperature of the material is maintained above 55 ℃ for 5 days, and the wheat straw with water content of 20% is pulverized to the maximum particle size of 1mm by a hammer type straw pulverizer;
step D: aging:
c, aging the aerobic fermentation material obtained in the step C in an aging tank for 7 days to obtain an organic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer has the water content of 35 percent, the organic matter content of 55 percent and the pH value of 7;
step E: preparing the composite microbial fertilizer by the following materials in proportion:
c, primarily screening the organic fertilizer obtained in the step D, and then screening the organic fertilizer: fertilizer: the disintegrating agent is mixed according to the mass ratio of 80:15:5 to obtain a mixed material, wherein the fertilizer is prepared from urea 25: ammonium sulfate 15: potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3: and (3) ferric citrate 2: matching the sodium metasilicate 1 according to the mass ratio; the disintegrating agent used in the step is bentonite, and the crushed particle size is 200 meshes;
step F: and (3) granulation:
e, adding the mixed material obtained in the step E into a flat die extrusion granulator for granulation to obtain fertilizer particles with the maximum diameter not more than 4.5 mm;
step G: drying and cooling:
f, drying the fertilizer particles obtained in the step F in an organic fertilizer dryer at the drying temperature of 100 ℃, and then cooling the fertilizer particles to 55 ℃ in an organic fertilizer cooler to obtain a granular organic fertilizer with the water content of 10%;
step H: adding probiotics:
dissolving fructose and tapioca starch with equal mass into water to prepare sugar solution with the final mass concentration of 2%, and spraying the prepared sugar solution on the surface of the granular organic fertilizer obtained in the step G in a mist form, so that the water content of the whole fertilizer is controlled below 30%; and then spraying mixed powder of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and bacillus amyloliquefaciens on the surface of the fertilizer granules, stirring to enable the powder to be uniformly adhered to the surface of the granular organic fertilizer, and finally enabling the total effective viable count of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens in the fertilizer granules to be 1 hundred million/g, thereby finally preparing the composite microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish culture.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a preparation method of a compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding, which comprises the following steps:
step A: anaerobic fermentation:
crushing soybean straws with the water content of 25% by using a hammer-piece type straw crusher until the particle size is 10mm, feeding the soybean straws and biogas slurry with the water content of 93% according to the mass ratio of 2:11, maintaining the water content of the materials in a high-dry anaerobic reactor (a DANAS high-dry anaerobic reactor developed by Beijing Hold Green energy Environment technology Limited) at the level of 82.3%, and feeding the materials into the anaerobic reactor for anaerobic fermentation for 28 days at the fermentation temperature of 45 ℃ to obtain anaerobic digestion solution;
and B: and (3) dehydrating:
transferring the anaerobic digestion solution to a screw extrusion dehydrator to remove certain water, so as to obtain biogas residues with the water content of 65% and biogas slurry with the water content of 93%;
and C: aerobic fermentation:
feeding biogas residue with a water content of 65%, chicken manure with a water content of 80% and sawdust with a water content of 35% according to a mass ratio of 7:5:2, so that the water content of the materials is about 66%, the pH value is 6.8, and performing aerobic fermentation for 10 days in an aerobic fermentation roller (SG-DACT aerobic fermentation roller developed by Beijing Hold Green energy Environment technology Co., Ltd.), wherein the fermentation temperature of the materials is maintained above 55 ℃ for 5 days. Wherein the maximum particle size of the sawdust is 0.5 mm;
step D: aging:
aging in an aging tank for 8 days to obtain an organic fertilizer, wherein the organic fertilizer has the water content of 30 percent, the organic matter content of 60 percent and the pH value of 7.5;
step E: preparing the composite microbial fertilizer by the following materials in proportion:
c, primarily screening the organic fertilizer obtained in the step D, and then screening the organic fertilizer: fertilizer: the disintegrating agent is mixed according to the mass ratio of 85:10:5 to obtain a mixed material, wherein the fertilizer is prepared by mixing the following components in percentage by mass: ammonium phosphate 4: ferrous sulfate 2: matching the mass ratio of potassium silicate 1; the disintegrant used in this step was potato starch: montmorillonite is mixed according to the mass ratio of 3:2, and the crushed particle size is 300 meshes;
step F: and (3) granulation:
e, adding the mixed material obtained in the step E into a flat die extrusion granulator to obtain fertilizer particles with the maximum particle size of 4 mm;
step G: drying and cooling:
f, drying the fertilizer particles obtained in the step F in an organic fertilizer low-temperature dryer at the drying temperature of 60 ℃, and then cooling the fertilizer particles to 40 ℃ in an organic fertilizer cooler to obtain a granular organic fertilizer with the water content of 20%;
step H: adding probiotics:
dissolving a certain amount of sweet potato starch into water to prepare a sugar solution with the final mass concentration of 2%, and spraying the prepared sugar solution on the surface of the granular organic fertilizer obtained in the step G in a mist form, so that the water content of the whole granular organic fertilizer is controlled below 30%; and then spraying mixed bacteria powder of bacillus licheniformis and bacillus mucilaginosus on the surface of the granular organic fertilizer, stirring to enable the bacteria powder to be uniformly adhered to the surface of the fertilizer granules, and finally enabling the total effective viable count of the bacillus licheniformis and the bacillus mucilaginosus in the fertilizer granules to be 2 hundred million/g, thereby finally preparing the composite microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish culture.
The application example is as follows:
the compound microbial fertilizer prepared by the preparation method is a fertilizer specially used for fertilizing water before crayfish stocking, and has the effect of improving the disease resistance of crayfish. In order to verify the effect of the fertilizer, the following tests were performed.
Test site: a farm street in the county of pouring clouds in the continuous cloud harbor city of Jiangsu province;
and (3) experimental design:
in order to facilitate the statistics of the weight change of the thrown shrimp fries, a net cage culture mode is adopted in the test. Three crayfish culture ponds are found in a test site, and the water levels, the areas, the shore soil quality of the ponds, the shore aquatic plant conditions and the like of the three ponds are basically consistent. Three treatments were set according to table 1, respectively:
table 1 test treatment set-up
Before the young crayfish is put in, the fertilizer is applied, and the compound microbial fertilizer prepared by the invention is uniformly scattered into the water body during the fertilizer application, so that the compound microbial fertilizer can be distributed at each corner of the pond. And (3) counting the number of the unicellular diatoms in the water body under different treatments by adopting a blood cell counting method 15 days after fertilization, wherein the sampling method comprises the steps of taking 500ml of water at the two sides and the central position of the pond respectively, and measuring the density of the diatoms in the water after mixing. Each treatment was repeated three times.
Then selecting crayfish seedlings with single weight of 5.5g +/-0.5 g, healthy physique, no disease, injury, deficiency and the like and good mobility, putting the crayfish seedlings into the net cage, and feeding the crayfish seedlings in the center of the pond. The net cage is totally enclosed, the appearance is cuboid, length is multiplied by width is multiplied by height is 2m multiplied by 1.5m, and the net cage is sewn by a 24-mesh polyethylene gauze. 30 crayfishes are put in each net cage, and the corresponding putting density is about 6000 crayfishes per mu. The culture conditions of the three fish ponds are ensured to be consistent in the culture process. Bait is not manually thrown into the crayfish fries in the net cage, 10 crayfish fries are randomly picked from the net cage 15 days after the feeding, the weight of the crayfish fries is weighed, and the crayfish fries are compared under different treatment conditions (before weighing, the crayfish which is healthy and has no defect in limbs is selected, and the body surface moisture of the crayfish fries is sucked to be dry by a dry towel or a paper towel).
And (3) test results:
(1) effect of applying different fertilizers on the amount of diatoms in water:
at 15 days after fertilization, the number of diatoms in three pond waters was counted, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison of the amount of diatoms in water under different fertilization treatments
As can be seen from table 2, the diatom population in the water was higher for both fertilization treatments than for the control treatment. The number of diatoms in 1ml of the treated I (the compound microbial fertilizer prepared by the invention and suitable for crayfish cultivation) is the largest, and the number of diatoms reaches 24280, which is 55.7% higher than that of diatoms in 15595 treated II (common organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer), and the difference is obvious. The results show that the composite microbial fertilizer prepared by the preparation method has an obvious effect of increasing the number of diatoms in a water body.
(2) The influence of the compound microbial fertilizer prepared by the preparation method of the invention on the growth of crayfish is as follows:
when crayfish seedlings are just thrown into water for cultivation, phytoplankton in the water is mainly used as food, and diatom is a very important bait in phytoplankton. In order to verify the influence of the composite microbial fertilizer prepared by the invention on the growth of crayfish, seedlings were fed into water 15 days after fertilization, and the weight of crayfish was compared 15 days later, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of different fertilization treatments on crayfish growth
As can be seen from Table 3, after 15 days of cultivation without additional bait, the crayfish seedlings treated by ck have the smallest weight increase, the average value is only 5.58g, the crayfish seedlings treated by the first step have the largest weight increase, the average weight reaches 5.98g, which is 3.28 percent higher than that of the second step, and the difference between the first step and the second step is obvious. This shows that the crayfish fry can grow faster in the pond using the compound microbial fertilizer and the fertilizer water prepared by the invention.
In conclusion, the composite microbial fertilizer prepared by the invention has better water fertilizing effect, can promote the increment of diatom after being applied, and enables the quantity of diatom in water to be higher and the growth speed of crayfish seedlings to be higher. This indicates that the fertilizer of the present invention is suitable for crayfish breeding.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A: anaerobic fermentation:
feeding an anaerobic mixed material with the water content of 80-85% and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30 into a high dry anaerobic reactor for anaerobic fermentation to obtain anaerobic digestion liquid;
the anaerobic mixed material comprises at least one of livestock and poultry manure, straws and a straw biogas slurry mixture;
and B: and (3) dehydrating:
transferring the anaerobic digestion solution obtained in the step A to a screw extrusion dehydrator to be extruded and dehydrated to obtain biogas residues with the water content of 65-70%;
and C: aerobic fermentation:
mixing the biogas residues obtained in the step B, auxiliary materials and animal wastes into an aerobic mixture with the water content of 60-65%, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of 20-30 and the pH value of 6-8, and feeding the aerobic mixture into an aerobic roller for aerobic fermentation to obtain an aerobic fermentation material;
step D: aging:
aging the aerobic fermentation material obtained in the step C in an aging tank for 7-10 days to obtain an organic fertilizer with the water content of 25-40%, the organic matter content of 45-60% and the pH value of 6-8;
step E: preparing the composite microbial fertilizer by the following materials in proportion:
after the organic fertilizer obtained in the step D is primarily screened, mixing the organic fertilizer, a chemical fertilizer and a disintegrating agent according to a mass ratio of 80-90:8-15:1-6 to obtain a mixed material;
step F: and (3) granulation:
e, adding the mixed material obtained in the step E into a granulator for granulation to obtain columnar fertilizer particles with the particle size of 3-5 mm;
step G: drying:
drying the columnar fertilizer particles obtained in the step F in a drying roller, and then cooling the fertilizer particles to 40-55 ℃ in a cooling roller to obtain fertilizer particles with the water content of 10-20%;
step H: adding probiotics:
and G, spraying a sugar solution with the mass fraction of 2-4% onto the surface layer of the fertilizer granules obtained in the step G, then spraying probiotic bacteria powder onto the surface of the fertilizer granules, and reducing the water content to 25-30% by depending on the residual temperature of the fertilizer granules, thus obtaining the compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding.
2. The method for preparing the compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish cultivation in claim 1, wherein in the method,
in the step A, the straws contained in the anaerobic mixed material are crushed straws with the particle size not larger than 20 mm;
the fermentation period of the high-dry anaerobic reactor for anaerobic fermentation is 25-30 days, and the fermentation temperature is 45-50 ℃;
in the step C, the mixture is aerobically fermented for 7-10 days in an aerobic roller fermentation process, wherein the material fermentation temperature is maintained for more than 3 days at more than 55 ℃;
the drying temperature in the step G is 50-100 ℃;
and H, the total effective viable count of the compound microbial fertilizer prepared in the step H is not less than 0.2 hundred million/g.
3. The method for preparing the compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish cultivation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the straw in the step A is at least one of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw, rape straw and soybean straw;
the livestock and poultry manure in the step A is at least one of pig manure, cow manure, chicken manure, horse manure and sheep manure;
the high dry anaerobic reactor in the step A is a dry anaerobic reactor; the solid content of the prepared anaerobic digestion solution is 15-20%.
4. The method for preparing the compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the auxiliary material in the step C is at least one of mushroom residue, sawdust and straw with the water content of 40% or less;
and the animal manure in the step C is at least one of chicken manure and pig manure with the water content of 70-85%.
5. The method for preparing a compound microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the fertilizer in the step E is prepared from a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer, an iron fertilizer and a silicon fertilizer according to the mass ratio of 35-40:3-4:1-2: 1-2.
6. The method for preparing the compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding according to claim 5, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is one or a combination of urea, ammonium sulfate and potassium nitrate;
the phosphate fertilizer is one or a combination of more of monopotassium phosphate, ammonium phosphate and superphosphate;
the iron fertilizer is one or a combination of more of ferric trichloride, ferrous sulfate and ferric citrate;
the silicon fertilizer is one or a combination of sodium silicate, potassium silicate and sodium metasilicate.
7. The method for preparing a compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish cultivation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the disintegrating agent in the step E is organic or inorganic.
8. The method for preparing the compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding according to claim 7, wherein the inorganic substance is at least one of bentonite and montmorillonite;
the organic matter is at least one of corn starch and potato starch.
9. The method for preparing the compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the grain sizes of the fertilizer and the disintegrant in the step E are both 150-300 meshes.
10. The method for preparing a compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crawfish cultivation in claim 1 or 2, wherein the probiotics in step H is at least one of bacillus probiotics and photosynthetic bacteria.
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