CN101696136A - Passivating agent for reducing bioavailability of heavy metals in livestock waste compost and using method thereof - Google Patents
Passivating agent for reducing bioavailability of heavy metals in livestock waste compost and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101696136A CN101696136A CN200910044699A CN200910044699A CN101696136A CN 101696136 A CN101696136 A CN 101696136A CN 200910044699 A CN200910044699 A CN 200910044699A CN 200910044699 A CN200910044699 A CN 200910044699A CN 101696136 A CN101696136 A CN 101696136A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a passivating agent for reducing bioavailability of heavy metals in livestock waste compost and a using method thereof, in particular to a using method of a heavy metal passivating agent for reducing the bioavailability of the heavy metals in pig manure compost. Livestock waste such as fresh pig manure and the like are evenly mixed with crushed straw or other crop stalks in a weight ratio of 2-8:1, the water content is 60 to 65 percent, simple high-temperature composting is carried out, the temperature in the high-temperature composting is not higher than 70 DEG C, and a turning or forced ventilation mode is adopted; in the composting process, each 1,000kg of compost materials are added with 20 to 35kg of the heavy metal passivating agent; and in the compost after about 30 days of composting, the passivation effect on exchangeable As is over 70 percent, the passivation effect on exchangeable Cd is over 85 percent, the passivation effect on exchangeable Cr is over 90 percent, the passivation effect on exchangeable Cu is over 90 percent, the passivation effect on exchangeable Pb is over 85 percent, and the passivation effect on exchangeable Zn is over 90 percent. The method obviously reduces the bioavailability of the heavy metals in the pig manure compost, has the advantages of simpleness and easy operation, and is suitable to be promoted and used in organic fertilizer factories and vast rural areas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of using method that heavy metal deactivator reduces bioavailability of heavy metals in the livestock excrement composting of using, belong to the organic fertilizer treatment process.
Background technology
China's livestock and poultry breeding industry development is rapid, but feces of livestock and poultry harmless treatment hysteresis, feces of livestock and poultry has caused the serious environmental pollution, and directly influences growth of animals or poultry and HUMAN HEALTH.In December, 2008 National Environmental portion report publish data shows: at present, about 2,700,000,000 tons of the annual feces of livestock and poultry that produces in China rural area, by 2010, the quantity discharged of China's feces of livestock and poultry will reach 4,500,000,000 tons.On the other hand, feces of livestock and poultry is again the precious resources in the agriculture production, annual nitrogen, the phosphorus that produces of domestic livestock and poultry farm reaches 1,597 ten thousand tons and 3,630,000 tons respectively, be equivalent to 78.9% and 57.4% of China's fertilizer amount same period, strengthening feces of livestock and poultry harmless treatment and fertilizer utilization is the important channel that feces of livestock and poultry is handled.
Domestic most enterprise generally adds the copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium of high dosage etc. and promotes the required micronutrient element of animal growth and development in feed, these animal and fowl fodders that are subjected to heavy metal contamination are through feeding livestock and poultry, a large amount of heavy metals are excreted by feces of livestock and poultry, the agricultural use of these feces of livestock and poultry can make heavy metal accumulate in soil and risk above volume weight of soils is arranged, and soil is caused severe contamination.How reducing the biological effectiveness of heavy metal in the feces of livestock and poultry, after being applied to soil, reduce the absorbed dose of plant, is the key of feces of livestock and poultry fertilizerization.
Administer the main path of feces of livestock and poultry heavy metal contamination, the one, from compost, remove heavy metal; The 2nd, heavy metal exists form that it is fixed in the compost by changing, and reduces its mobility and utilizability.Removing heavy metal from compost mainly is the sour solvability of utilizing heavy metal compound, adds acid solution or complexing agent in the composting process, and soluble heavy metal compound is transformed and drip washing is fallen to soluble conformation.Though that acidation treatment method is treatment effect is good, the method for technology maturation, weak point consuming time, but the consumption of acid is big, and need after the acid treatment to neutralize with a large amount of lime, cost is increased, and easily cause secondary pollution, and the complex compound that contains heavy metal after using complexing agent such as EDTA to handle is handled and also is one and makes us stubborn problem.And acidization is mainly used in the higher compost of heavy metal content such as mud, is difficult to realize when the livestock excrement composting application.
At present, in the composting process, add heavy metal deactivator, make its heavy metal from the higher form of activity to the lower form transformation of activity, more and more be subject to people's attention.Research emphasis to heavy metal deactivator is the passivation effect of heavy metal in the single mineral pair composting process of research at present.As the pig manure that adds 10% weathered coal handles, and than the water-soluble attitude content of its heavy metal element Zn, Cu, Cr and As before the compost, reduced 6.17%, 6.40%, 4.17% and 1.83% respectively behind the compost; Add the chicken manure compost treatment of 10% weathered coal, behind the compost than having reduced by 7.07%, 5.69%, 5.50% and 2.07% (Zhang Shuqing before the compost respectively, Zhang Fudao, Liu Xiumei, Deng. During High-Temperature Composting is to the effect of microbiotic degraded and heavy metal passivation in the animal dung. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2006,39 (2): 337～343).Utilize heavy metal deactivator that heavy metal in the composting process is fixed, the passivator wide material sources, the method principle is fairly simple, and is easy and simple to handle, but the screening of efficient heavy passivator is still needed further research and perfect.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of heavy metal deactivator, and handle feces of livestock and poultry with this heavy metal deactivator, thereby bioavailability of heavy metals in the reduction livestock excrement composting, to feces of livestock and poultry exchangeable species heavy metal passivation efficiency height such as pig manure, objectionable impurities produce less, suitability is wide.
The present invention realizes by following manner:
(1) with mechanical crushing method the straw after drying or other agricultural crop straws are carried out pre-treatment, described mechanical crushing method adopts pulverizer to pulverize drying back straw or other agricultural crop straws, and the fineness degree of pulverizing was 4～7 mesh sieves, and was standby after handling;
(2) with feces of livestock and poultry such as fresh pig dung with pulverize after the ratio uniform mixing of agricultural crop straw by weight 2～8: 1, make composting material, requiring moisture content in the composting material is 60%～65%; Also available by weight 2～4: 1
(3) add heavy metal deactivator, heavy metal deactivator mixes with composting material before compost begins.Add the ratio of 20～35kg heavy metal deactivator in every 1000kg composting material and add heavy metal deactivator, carry out common During High-Temperature Composting after mixing, controlled temperature is no more than 70 ℃ in the compost.Adopt turning or force ventilated mode at temperature raising period and pliotherm period.30 days left and right sides compost maturities.Heavy metal changes the indissoluble attitude into by exchangeable species, can be used as fertilizer and uses.In composting process, note waterproof.
Heavy metal deactivator comprises zeolite, flyash and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate;
The heavy metal deactivator proportioning: 8～15kg zeolite, 10～15kg flyash and 5～10kg fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, pulverize after in proportion raw material being mixed, cross 10～100 mesh sieves.
Adopt bar buttress formula compost, it highly is 0.7～1.3m that the composting material that is added with heavy metal deactivator is piled into, heap body width is the bar buttress shape of 1.2～2.0m, compost heat up and hot stage according to the processing of lowering the temperature of the situation of leavening temperature, can turning in per two days 1 time, especially in the pliotherm period, want turning or aeration-cooling at once when heap temperature surpasses 65 ℃, pliotherm period compost heap temperature can not be above 70 ℃.Too high micro-ecological environment and the microbial growth of being unfavorable for of temperature, temperature-fall period and after-ripening are protected fertile per 5 days of stage turning 1 time or not turning, and 30 days left and right sides compost maturities can directly be used.When compost, notice that anti-rainwater dashes pouring, causes and runs off or environmental pollution.The passivation effect of exchangeable species As is more than 70% in the compost, and the passivation effect of exchangeable species Cd and Pb is more than 85%, and the passivation effect of exchangeable species Cr, Cu and Zn is more than 90%.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, uses mechanical crushing method that straw or other agricultural crop straws are carried out pre-treatment, can reduce the cellulosic polymerization degree, thereby effectively solve the problem of cellulose degradation difficulty; And, the interpolation of the agricultural crop straw of pulverizing can improve oxygen and moisture condition in the compost heap body, can quicken compost maturity, the agricultural crop straw of pulverizing has stronger adsorptive power to the smelly metallic substance that produces in pig manure and the composting process thereof, reduces stink generation in the composting process.
2, heavy metal deactivator has extremely strong passivation ability to exchangeable species heavy metal in the pig manure, use heavy metal deactivator, the passivation effect of exchangeable species As is more than 70% in the pig manure, and the passivation effect of heavy metals such as exchangeable species Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn is all more than 85%.
3, heavy metal deactivator can greatly reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metal in the pig manure, has used the pig manure of heavy metal deactivator, and crop significantly reduces the absorbed dose of heavy metal in the compost.
4, fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate can not only reduce heavy metal activity in the pig manure, and in composting process, the biological effectiveness of the phosphorus in the fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate significantly improves, and has greatly improved the ability of the plain nutrition of pig manure supply phosphorus.
Embodiment
Indefiniteness embodiment
Embodiment 1: heavy metal deactivator is to the influence of exchangeable species heavy metal passivation effect in the pig manure
With feces of livestock and poultry such as fresh pig dung and the agricultural crop straw after pulverizing by weight 3: 1 ratio allotment, be that the ratio of adding 25kg heavy metal deactivator (11kg zeolite, 8kg flyash and 6kg fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate) in 63% the composting material is added heavy metal deactivator in every 1000kg water content.The composting material bottom surface radius of packing into is 0.4m, high in the plastic tank of 1.0m, and each plastic tank fermentation raw material is 100kg, composting 35d.Adopt common During High-Temperature Composting, aeration status adopts turning measure control, in heap body temperature raising period, every 2d turning of pliotherm period once, and not turning of cooldown period.If 3 times are repeated.Not add heavy metal deactivator as contrast.
By table (1) as can be known, add heavy metal deactivator and can reduce heavy metal content such as exchangeable species As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn in the pig manure significantly, the heavy metal passivation effect is (heavy metal exchangeable species content * 100% before heavy metal passivation effect=(heavy metal exchangeable species content before the heap-heap back heavy metal exchangeable species content)/heap) significantly.Behind the compost, exchangeable species As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn passivation effect are respectively 72.18%, 88.46%, 93.93%, 90.15%, 89.35%, 92.67% in the interpolation heavy metal deactivator pig manure; Exchangeable species As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn passivation effect are respectively 20.75%, 11.11%, 47.03%, 42.56%, 46.82%, 48.84% in the contrast pig manure.
Table 1 heavy metal deactivator is to the influence of exchangeable species heavy metal passivation effect in the pig manure
Embodiment 2: heavy metal deactivator is to the influence of bioavailability of heavy metals in the pig manure
Adopt pot experiment, for the examination vegetables is that the short pin in Xiang Tan is white, is pig manure, the compost that does not add heavy metal deactivator, urea (nitrogen content is 46%), fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate (phosphorus pentoxide content is 12%) and the Repone K (potassium oxide content is 60%) that adds heavy metal deactivator for examination fertilizer.3 processing are established in test, contrast: the compost treatment of not adding heavy metal deactivator; Handle two: the pig manure that adds heavy metal deactivator is handled; Handle three: pure fertilizer is handled.Select 20cm * 35cm pottery pot alms bowl for use, the interior wind desiceted soil 6kg that adorned the 1cm sieve, rate of fertilizer application is purity nitrogen 0.35g/kg; P
2O
50.10g/kg; K
2O 0.30g/kg according to required nutrient standard, satisfies the amount of application that nitrogen requirement calculates matured compost with the pig manure processing that nitrogen content is the highest, and other undertreatment nitrogens replenish with urea, and phosphate fertilizer replenishes with fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate, and potash fertilizer adopts Repone K to replenish.All fertilizer are all made base manure and are once applied.Every alms bowl is broadcast into 8～10 seeds, treats long final singling 2 strains when high to about 10cm, gathers in the crops after 60 days.
By table (2) as can be known, compare with control treatment, the compost treatment of adding heavy metal deactivator can significantly reduce the content of heavy metal As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn in the Plantula Brassicae chinensis, illustrates that heavy metal deactivator can significantly reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metal in the pig manure.Add heavy metal deactivator, the reduction effect of heavy metal As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn biological effectiveness in the pig manure (the reduction effect (%) of bioavailability of heavy metals=(contrast content-processing two content)/contrast content * 100%) is respectively 82.93%, 77.78%, 80.22%, 72.41%, 83.18%, 79.12%.Difference between heavy metal content and pure fertilizer are handled in the compost treatment Plantula Brassicae chinensis of interpolation heavy metal deactivator is not remarkable, handles but output is significantly higher than pure fertilizer.
Table 2 metal passivator is to the influence of bioavailability of heavy metals in the pig manure and yield of pakchoi
| Handle | ??As ??(mg/kg) | ??Cd ??(mg/kg) | ??Cr ??(mg/kg) | ??Cu ??(mg/kg) | ??Pb ??(mg/kg) | ??Zn ??(mg/kg) | Output (g/ alms bowl) |
| Contrast | ??0.41± ??0.04Aa | ??0.09± ??0.01Aa | ??0.91± ??0.02Aa | ??3.95± ??0.02Aa | ??1.07± ??0.04Aa | ??22.75± ??1.03Aa | ??478.38±3 ??7.39Aa |
| Handle two | ??0.07±0.0 ??1Bb | ??0.02± ??0.00Bb | ??0.18± ??0.02Bb | ??1.09± ??0.05Bb | ??0.18± ??0.03Bb | ??4.75± ??0.31Bb | ??490.43±3 ??2.96Aa |
| Handle three | ??0.07± ??0.01Bb | ??0.02± ??0.00Bb | ??0.25± ??0.02Bb | ??1.19± ??0.02Bb | ??0.21± ??0.03Bb | ??5.04± ??0.34Bb | ??379.63±2 ??0.75Bb |
Annotate: minuscule is represented P＜0.5 conspicuous level, big letter representation P＜0.01 conspicuous level.
Claims (4)
1. a passivator and using method that reduces bioavailability of heavy metals in the livestock excrement composting, it is characterized in that: heavy metal deactivator is made up of zeolite, flyash and fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate substantially, after feces of livestock and poultry and straw or other agricultural crop straws carry out pre-treatment, add a certain proportion of heavy metal deactivator and stir, carry out common During High-Temperature Composting and handle.
2. the passivator and the using method of bioavailability of heavy metals in the reduction livestock excrement composting according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: with feces of livestock and poultry such as fresh pig dung with pulverize after straw or the ratio uniform mixing of other agricultural crop straw by weight 2～8: 1, the composting material moisture content is 60%～65%, carry out simple During High-Temperature Composting, the pliotherm period compost temperature is no more than 70 ℃.
3. according to the passivator and the using method of bioavailability of heavy metals in the described reduction livestock excrement composting of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ratio of each component of heavy metal deactivator is 8～15kg zeolite, 10～15kg flyash and 5～10kg fused(calcium magnesium)phosphate.
4. the passivator and the using method of bioavailability of heavy metals in the reduction livestock excrement composting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the adding proportion of heavy metal deactivator is that every 1000kg water content is to add 20～35kg in 60%～65% the composting material.
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| CN101973810A (en) * | 2010-10-08 | 2011-02-16 | 谢浩 | Multielement drip irrigation fertilizer |
| CN102503614A (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2012-06-20 | 西北农林科技大学 | Application of grape pips in high-temperature compost process of pig manure and straws |
| CN102701806A (en) * | 2012-05-02 | 2012-10-03 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | Composting process capable of effectively decreasing heavy-metal activity of farm manure |
| CN102746041A (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-10-24 | 扬州展鹏肥业有限公司 | Method for producing organic fertilizer by using rice straws and livestock and poultry manures |
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- 2009-11-05 CN CN2009100446990A patent/CN101696136B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN110577848B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-07-30 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for preparing high-quality bio-oil by taking pig manure as raw material |
| CN110577850B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-08-31 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for preparing bio-oil by performing subcritical/supercritical liquefaction treatment on chicken manure |
| CN113979796A (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-01-28 | 塔里木大学 | Compost treatment device and method |
| CN115353430A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-11-18 | 河南德邻生物制品有限公司 | Additive for passivating heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure and using method and application thereof |
| CN115353430B (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2023-08-25 | 河南德邻生物制品有限公司 | Additive for passivating heavy metals in livestock and poultry manure, and use method and application thereof |
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