CN112674238A - Crayfish feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Crayfish feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112674238A CN112674238A CN202011522743.7A CN202011522743A CN112674238A CN 112674238 A CN112674238 A CN 112674238A CN 202011522743 A CN202011522743 A CN 202011522743A CN 112674238 A CN112674238 A CN 112674238A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fermentation
- feed
- cow dung
- anaerobic fermentation
- crayfish
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biochemistry, and discloses a crawfish feed and a preparation method thereof. The invention carries out two-stage combined fermentation: the first step is mixed fermentation of a microorganism heterotopic fermentation bed, and the second step is anaerobic fermentation by selecting lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus as fermentation strains. The invention utilizes agricultural wastes such as cow dung and other ingredients to ferment and prepare the crawfish fermented feed, thereby not only solving the problem of pollution of the cow dung, but also providing rich nutrition for the crawfish, reducing the cultivation investment cost and having very high economic benefit. Meanwhile, systematic research is carried out on the crayfish fermented feed process taking fermented cow dung as a main component so as to determine the fermentation process and the production stability and ensure the product effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biochemistry, and particularly relates to a crayfish feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, crayfishes become important aquaculture species in China. In artificial breeding, the crayfish feed becomes an extremely important part, and the scientific and efficient feed formula gradually becomes a key factor for improving the yield of crayfish.
The microbial fermented feed is obtained by fermenting feed raw materials by using a microbial agent. The nutrient components such as small peptides, amino acids, digestive enzymes and the like generated in the fermented feed can promote the growth and development of aquatic animals, improve the utilization rate of the feed, save the culture cost, enhance the immunity of organisms, reduce the occurrence of diseases and improve the culture yield. Moreover, the microorganisms such as probiotics and the like contained in the microbial fermentation feed have the effect of improving the water environment, can decompose and absorb harmful substances in the water, reduce the content of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite in the water, improve the aquaculture water environment and have obvious ecological promoting effect.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: the existing crayfish breeding feed is poor in nutritional ingredients and microbial activity, so that the bred crayfish is poor in probiotic health-care effect. .
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is:
the difficulty lies in finding suitable strains for fermentation and suitable fermentation conditions
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows:
the cow dung is utilized, the pollution is reduced, and the resource utilization degree is increased; secondly, the fermented cow dung can provide necessary nutrient substances for the growth of the crayfish and has a promoting effect on the growth of the crayfish; third, biological fermentation can yield many proteins beneficial to crayfish growth.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a crayfish feed and a preparation method thereof.
The invention is realized in such a way that the preparation method of the crayfish feed comprises the following steps:
screening and compounding anaerobic fermentation strains, and optimizing process parameters;
mixing the screened anaerobic fermentation strain with cow dung; carrying out anaerobic fermentation, and mixing with the basic feed; obtaining crayfish feed; the fermented cow dung accounts for 10-20% of the total component mass of the crayfish feed, and the balance is the basic feed.
Further, the screening method of the anaerobic fermentation strain comprises the following steps:
selecting lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus as anaerobic fermentation strains;
and drawing the growth curve of the anaerobic fermentation strain.
Further, the drawing of the anaerobic fermentation strain growth curve comprises the following steps:
and (3) culturing at 31 ℃ by using an MRS liquid culture medium, wherein the three strains reach the highest viable bacteria concentration after being cultured for 24 hours, and obtaining growth curves of the three strains in the culture process.
Further, the compounding method of the fermentation strain comprises the following steps:
analyzing the influence of the fermentation of the strains on the components of the cow dung, and determining the addition amount of the screened anaerobic fermentation strains; the addition amount of the screened anaerobic fermentation strain is 108CFU/ML。
Further, the optimization of the process parameters comprises:
performing orthogonal test according to the fermentation temperature and cow dung humidity, continuously sampling, determining the optimum fermentation temperature of 25-31 deg.C, humidity of 60-70% (70% is optimal) and time of 3-5d, and primarily analyzing the specific components of the fermented product to mix with feed.
Further, the performing aerobic-anaerobic fermentation comprises:
firstly, carrying out mixed fermentation on a microorganism ectopic fermentation bed for 25 d;
and secondly, carrying out anaerobic fermentation by using the selected lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus as fermentation strains.
In the first step of mixed fermentation of the ectopic fermentation bed of the microorganism, the mixed raw materials of the ectopic fermentation bed are prepared from chaff: rice chaff: dry and wet separation of cow dung, 48.28%: 34.48%: 17.24% of the composition; the microorganism strain is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus laterosporus, Aspergillus fumigatus, yeast, denitrifying bacteria, and Actinomycetes, and the viable count is more than 200 × 108CFU/g；
After the aerobic-anaerobic fermentation is finished, the concentration of bacillus in the fermented cow dung is more than 107CFU/g。
Preferably, the invention belongs to secondary fermentation, wherein bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, aspergillus fumigatus, saccharomycetes, denitrifying bacteria, actinomycetes and the like used for the first time are subjected to aerobic fermentation, and lactic acid bacteria are used for anaerobic fermentation after the fermentation is finished.
Furthermore, the determination of the nutrient components and the microbial activity is also needed to obtain the crayfish feed.
The invention also aims to provide a crawfish feed, which consists of cow dung, aerobic-anaerobic fermentation strains and a basic feed; the fermented cow dung accounts for 10-20% of the total component mass of the feed, and the balance is basic feed; the basic feed comprises the following components: the feed is prepared from fish meal, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, soybean oil, additives and the like, wherein the best growth rate can be achieved when the protein content is generally 26%, the fermented cow dung mainly replaces a part of fish meal, and the feed is compounded into the feed with the protein content of 26%.
Further, the aerobic fermentation strain comprises: the microorganism strain is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus laterosporus, Aspergillus fumigatus, yeast, denitrifying bacteria, and Actinomycetes, and the viable count is more than 200 × 108CFU/g;
the anaerobic fermentation strain comprises Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and has an addition amount of 108CFU/ML。
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
the invention determines the technological parameters of the crayfish feed taking fermented cow dung as the main component. By controlling important variables in the fermentation process, the optimization of process parameters is realized so as to guide the actual production.
The raw materials, the compound feed and the fermented feed are subjected to component determination and comparative analysis to determine the feasibility of the application of the fermented feed in the crayfish breeding process.
According to the preparation method of the crayfish feed, the crayfish fermented feed prepared by fermenting the agricultural wastes such as the cow dung and other ingredients solves the problem of pollution of the cow dung, can provide rich nutrition for the crayfish, reduces the cultivation investment cost, and has high economic benefit. Meanwhile, the process of fermenting the crawfish fermented feed with the fermented cow dung as the main component is systematically analyzed to determine the fermentation process and the production stability and ensure the product effect.
The invention promotes the sustainable environment-friendly circulating farming of agriculture, reduces the environmental pollution and promotes the healthy farming of crayfishes.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of crayfish feed provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph plotting growth curves of three strains provided in the examples of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the growth of Lactobacillus casei strains at different temperatures according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus species at different temperatures according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum strain provided by the examples of the present invention at different temperatures.
Fig. 6 shows the pH changes of three lactic acid bacteria provided by the embodiment of the present invention at different temperatures and humidity.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method of crayfish feed, and the technical scheme of the invention is described in detail in the following with reference to the attached drawings.
The invention relates to fermented cow dungThe crayfish feed process parameters which are main components are determined, and optimization of the process parameters is realized by controlling important variables in the fermentation process so as to guide actual production. Two-stage combined fermentation: the first step of mixed fermentation of heterotopic microbial fermentation bed (rice husk, rice chaff and dry-wet separated cow dung (48.28%, 34.48% and 17.24%). the microbial strain is bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, aspergillus fumigatus, saccharomycetes, denitrifying bacteria and actinomycetes, and the viable count is greater than 200X 108CFU/g. ) And the second step is anaerobic fermentation with lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus as fermenting bacteria. The invention utilizes agricultural wastes such as cow dung and other ingredients to ferment and prepare the crawfish fermented feed, thereby not only solving the problem of pollution of the cow dung, but also providing rich nutrition for the crawfish, reducing the cultivation investment cost and having very high economic benefit. Meanwhile, the process of fermenting the crawfish fermented feed with the fermented cow dung as the main component is systematically analyzed to determine the fermentation process and the production stability and ensure the product effect.
As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the crayfish feed comprises the following steps:
screening and compounding anaerobic fermentation strains, and optimizing process parameters;
mixing the screened anaerobic fermentation strain with cow dung; carrying out aerobic-anaerobic fermentation, and mixing with the basic feed; obtaining crayfish feed; the fermented cow dung accounts for 10-20% of the total component mass of the crayfish feed, and the balance is the basic feed.
The performing aerobic-anaerobic fermentation comprises:
firstly, carrying out mixed fermentation on a microorganism ectopic fermentation bed for 25 d;
and secondly, carrying out anaerobic fermentation by using the selected lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus as fermentation strains.
In the first step of mixed fermentation of the ectopic fermentation bed of the microorganism, the mixed raw materials of the ectopic fermentation bed are prepared from chaff: rice chaff: dry and wet separation of cow dung, 48.28%: 34.48%: 17.24% of the composition; the microorganism strains are bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, aspergillus fumigatus, saccharomycetes, denitrifying bacteria and actinomycetes (all the strains are purchased from national strain centers), and the number of the viable bacteria is more than 200 hundred million/g;
the concentration of bacillus is 10 after the aerobic-anaerobic fermentation is finished6-107CFU/g。
The invention belongs to secondary fermentation, wherein bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, aspergillus fumigatus, saccharomycete, denitrifying bacteria and actinomycetes which are used for the first time are subjected to aerobic fermentation, and lactic acid bacteria are used for anaerobic fermentation after the fermentation is finished.
The screening method of the anaerobic fermentation strain comprises the following steps:
selecting lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus as anaerobic fermentation strains;
and drawing the growth curve of the anaerobic fermentation strain.
The drawing of the anaerobic fermentation strain growth curve comprises the following steps:
and (3) culturing at 31 ℃ by using an MRS liquid culture medium, wherein the three strains reach the highest viable bacteria concentration when being cultured for 24 hours, and obtaining growth curves of the three strains in the culture process.
The compounding method of the fermentation strain comprises the following steps:
analyzing the influence of the fermentation of the strain on the components of the cow dung, and determining the addition amount of the screened anaerobic fermentation strain.
The addition amount of the screened anaerobic fermentation strain is 108CFU/ML。
The optimization of the process parameters comprises:
performing orthogonal test according to the fermentation temperature and cow dung humidity, continuously sampling, determining the optimum fermentation temperature of 25-31 deg.C, humidity of 60-70% (preferably 70%), and time of 3-5 days, and primarily analyzing the specific components of the fermented product to mix with feed.
The determination of the nutrient components and the microbial activity is also needed to obtain the crayfish feed.
The invention provides a crayfish feed, which consists of cow dung, aerobic-anaerobic fermentation strains and a basic feed; the fermented cow dung accounts for 10-20% of the total component mass of the feed, and the balance is basic feed; the basic feed comprises the following components: the feed is prepared from fish meal, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, soybean oil, additives and the like, wherein the best growth rate can be achieved when the protein content is generally 26%, the fermented cow dung mainly replaces a part of fish meal, and the feed is compounded into the feed with the protein content of 26%.
The aerobic fermentation strain comprises: the microorganism strain is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus laterosporus, Aspergillus fumigatus, yeast, denitrifying bacteria, and Actinomycetes, and the viable count is more than 200 × 108CFU/g；
The anaerobic fermentation strain comprises Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and has an addition amount of 108CFU/ML。
The anaerobic fermentation strain comprises Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus (purchased from national strain center), and the addition amount of the Lactobacillus casei, the Lactobacillus plantarum and the Lactobacillus acidophilus is 108CFU/ML。
The preparation method of the crayfish feed comprises the steps of determining the technological parameters of the crayfish feed taking fermented cow dung as a main component, and realizing optimization of the technological parameters by controlling important variables in the fermentation process so as to guide actual production; through the determination and comparative analysis of the components of the raw materials, the compound feed and the fermented feed, the feasibility of the application of the fermented feed in the crayfish breeding process is determined to mainly comprise the following steps:
selecting lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus as anaerobic fermentation strains;
drawing growth curves of the three strains;
the influence of the fermentation of the three bacteria on the components of the cow dung.
The method for selecting lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus as anaerobic fermentation strains provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
the lactobacillus casei belongs to lactobacillus, is gram-positive bacteria, does not produce spores, flagellum and motion, performs facultative heterotypic fermentation on lactose, and does not liquefy gelatin; as one of probiotics, it is able to tolerate the defense mechanisms of organisms including enzymes in the oral cavity, low pH in gastric juice, bile acids in the small intestine, etc.; therefore, the lactobacillus casei can survive in a large amount in intestinal tracts after entering a human body, and has the effects of regulating the balance of intestinal flora, promoting the digestion and absorption of the human body and the like; meanwhile, the lactobacillus casei has the functions of efficiently reducing blood pressure and cholesterol, promoting cell division, generating antibody immunity, enhancing human immunity, preventing cancer, inhibiting tumor growth and the like; also has the beneficial health effects of relieving lactose intolerance and allergy. Has obvious probiotic effect on host nutrition, immunity, disease prevention and the like;
lactobacillus acidophilus belongs to the genus Lactobacillus, gram-positive bacilli, the end of the rod is round, the rod is mainly used for regulating the micro-ecological environment of the stomach and the intestine, the survival rate in the stomach generally reaches 80%, the rod is mainly stored in the small intestine, the balance of intestinal flora is regulated, and the proliferation of intestinal undesirable microorganisms is inhibited; lactobacillus acidophilus has antagonistic effect on pathogenic microorganisms; the lactobacillus acidophilus can secrete antagonistic action of antibiotic substances on intestinal pathogenic bacteria;
the lactobacillus plantarum is one of lactic acid bacteria, belongs to homotype fermentation lactic acid bacteria, and is different from other lactic acid bacteria in that the number of the viable bacteria of the lactobacillus plantarum is higher, a large amount of acid can be produced, the pH value in water is stable and not increased, and the produced acidic substances can degrade heavy metals; because the bacterium is an anaerobic bacterium, specific lactobacillin can be produced in the breeding process, the lactobacillin is a biological preservative, and in the middle and later stages of breeding, the excrement and residual feed of animals are increased, so that the animals sink to the bottom of a pond and are rotten, a lot of germs are bred, a large amount of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite are generated, and the bottom is seriously killed; if the lactobacillus plantarum is used for a long time, the rot of bottom excrement and residual feed can be well inhibited, the increase of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite is reduced, the consumption of chemical degradation elements is greatly reduced, and the breeding cost is reduced.
As shown in FIG. 2, when the MRS liquid medium is used for culturing at 31 ℃, the three bacteria reach the highest viable bacteria concentration after culturing for 24 hours.
FIG. 3 shows the growth of Lactobacillus casei strains at different temperatures according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus species at different temperatures according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum strain provided by the examples of the present invention at different temperatures.
Fig. 6 shows the pH changes of three lactic acid bacteria provided by the embodiment of the present invention at different temperatures and humidity.
The influence of the fermentation of the three bacteria on the components of the cow dung provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following conditions:
different concentrations of enterococcus faecalis have been completed before this test (10)7/5*107/108) And secondary fermentation tests of cow dung at different temperatures (room temperature and 31 ℃), wherein enterococcus faecalis (streptococcus faecalis) belongs to the group of bacteria-producing lactic acid bacteria in animal intestinal tracts. It is determined that the concentration of the bacteria is 108The cow dung can be effectively subjected to secondary fermentation;
the nutritional components of the dried cow dung before secondary fermentation were measured, and the average value of the crude protein content was 11.7%, the crude fat was 1.39%, the crude fiber was 18.78%, and the nitrogen-free extract was 22.22%, as shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 nutrient composition Table of dried cow dung
At room temperature, the cow dung is subjected to secondary fermentation by using enterococcus faecalis with three concentrations, 108Fermentation effect of concentration group and 107And 5X 107Significant differences (p) among fermentation groups<0.05)；107And 5X 107The fermentation effect between the fermentation groups has no significant difference (P)>0.05), as shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 secondary fermentation effect of enterococcus faecalis with three concentrations at room temperature
31℃Constant temperature fermentation in incubator, secondary fermentation of cow dung with enterococcus faecalis of three concentrations, 108Fermentation effect of concentration group and 107And 5X 107Significant differences (p) among fermentation groups<0.05)；107And 5X 107The fermentation effect between the fermentation groups has no significant difference (P)>0.05), as shown in table 3:
TABLE secondary fermentation effect table for enterococcus faecalis with three concentrations at 331 deg.C
According to the temperature of fermentation and cow dung humidity each group carries out the orthogonal test, and continuous sampling determines the most suitable temperature, humidity and time of fermentation, and simultaneously preliminary analysis fermentation product's specific composition to carry out the cooperation of fodder, as shown in table 4:
TABLE 4 cow dung fermentation effect table under different temperatures and humidities
The three kinds of bacteria can be normally fermented at 31 ℃ and 60% humidity by comprehensively considering the fermentation conditions.
The measurement results of the content of the crude protein in the fermented cow dung are shown in table 5, and the content of the crude protein in the fermented cow dung is obviously higher than that of a blank control group; the influence of the three bacteria on the crude protein content in the fermented cow dung at different time points has no significant difference; the three bacteria can achieve the best crude protein fermentation effect on the 7 th day.
TABLE 5 crude protein content (%)
Note:Data values are presented as means±std；Means in the same row with different superscripts are significantly(p<0.05)different.
The measurement results of the crude fat content in the fermented cow dung are shown in table 6, and the crude fat content in the fermented cow dung is obviously higher than that in the blank control group; the influence of the three bacteria on the crude fat content in the fermented cow dung at different time points has no significant difference; the three kinds of bacteria can achieve the best crude fat fermentation effect on the 5 th day.
TABLE 6 crude fat content (%)
Note:Data values are presented as means±std；Means in the same row with different superscripts are significantly(p<0.05)different.
The measurement results of the content of the crude fibers in the fermented cow dung are shown in table 7, and the content of the crude fibers in the fermented cow dung is obviously lower than that of a blank control group; the influence of the three bacteria on the content of crude fiber in the fermented cow dung at different time points has no significant difference; the three kinds of bacteria can achieve the best crude fiber fermentation effect on the 5 th day.
TABLE 7 content of crude fiber (%)
Note:Data values are presented as means±std；Means in the same row with different superscripts are significantly(p<0.05)different.
The following is a further description of the spore contained in cow dung and the improvement of the culture water quality by combining the growth test.
After temporarily breeding the crayfishes for 7d, 3 crayfishes are arranged in each group in parallel, 10 crayfishes are thrown in each group, and the crayfishes are bred in a 50L aquarium. The PVC pipe is arranged at the bottom of the aquarium and used for hiding the exuviation of the crayfish. Four kinds of equal nitrogen energy (replacing part of fish meal) test feeds with the addition amounts of 0, 10%, 20% and 30% of fermented cow dung are prepared. Feeding the shrimp feed once a day, wherein the feeding amount is 3% -5% of the weight of the shrimp, sucking out residual bait and excrement by using a siphon tube and changing water 1/3 before feeding the feed the next day so as to ensure clean water quality. The experimental period was 8 weeks. The experimental results are as follows:
the crayfish were fed with different feeds for 8 weeks, and the growth of each group of crayfish was shown in table 1. As can be seen from the table, there was no significant difference in the terminal body weight, terminal body length, weight gain rate and body length growth rate of crayfish in each group (P > 0.05). The survival rates of the crayfishes in the 10% group and the 20% group are similar and are obviously different from those in the control group and the 30% group (P < 0.05). The final weight, weight gain rate and survival rate of the 10% group and the 20% group are all higher than those of the control group and the 30% group, which shows that the addition amount of 10% and 20% of the fermented cow dung is better than that of the control group for the growth of the procambarus clarkia.
TABLE 8 Effect of different feeds on the growth of Procambrus clarkii
Under the high-density intensive cultivation mode, the crayfishes are frequently damaged, so that immeasurable loss is caused, and more farmers start to switch from single cultivation to the rice and shrimp breeding mode. The survival, growth and disease occurrence of the crayfish are closely related to DO, pH value and ammonia nitrogen of the water body.
The experiment is carried out in the Hanchuan crayfish breeding cooperative, and the feed feeding mode is that the compound feed is fed for 4 months, 5 months and 6 months according to 3-5 percent of the weight of crayfish, and the compound feed is fed for 7 months, 8 months, 9 months and 10 months according to 0.8 percent of the weight of crayfish. During the experiment, 2 times of water samples are collected in the circular ditches of the rice field every month, the water samples are brought back to a laboratory by using an organic glass water sampler, and index determination is completed within 24 hours.
TABLE 9 influence of different feeds on water quality of rice and shrimp comprehensive planting and breeding system
As can be seen from Table 2, the crawfish feed with the addition of the fermented cow dung has a certain improvement effect on ammonia nitrogen in the whole experimental process because of the effect of the bacillus in the fermented cow dung on the water body. There was no significant effect on DO and pH.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the crayfish feed is characterized by comprising the following steps:
screening and compounding anaerobic fermentation strains, and optimizing process parameters;
mixing the screened anaerobic fermentation strain with cow dung; carrying out anaerobic fermentation, and mixing with the basic feed; obtaining crayfish feed; the fermented cow dung accounts for 10-20% of the total component mass of the crayfish feed, and the balance is the basic feed.
2. The method for preparing crayfish feed according to claim 1, wherein the screening of the fermentation culture comprises:
selecting lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus as anaerobic fermentation strains;
and drawing the growth curve of the anaerobic fermentation strain.
3. The method of preparing a crayfish feed of claim 2 wherein said profiling the growth of said anaerobic fermentation species comprises:
and (3) culturing at 31 ℃ by using an MRS liquid culture medium, wherein the three strains reach the highest viable bacteria concentration after being cultured for 24 hours, and obtaining growth curves of the three strains in the culture process.
4. The preparation method of the crayfish feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compounding method of the fermentation strain comprises the following steps:
analyzing the influence of the fermentation of the strains on the components of the cow dung, and determining the addition amount of the screened anaerobic fermentation strains; the addition amount of the screened anaerobic fermentation strain is more than or equal to 108CFU/ML。
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the optimization of the process parameters comprises:
performing orthogonal test according to the fermentation temperature and cow dung humidity, continuously sampling, determining the optimum temperature of 25-31 ℃, humidity 60-70% and time 3-5 days for anaerobic fermentation of lactobacillus, and preliminarily analyzing specific components of the fermentation product to match the feed.
6. The method for preparing crayfish feed as claimed in claim 1, wherein said performing aerobic-anaerobic fermentation comprises:
firstly, carrying out mixed fermentation on a microorganism ectopic fermentation bed for 25 d;
and secondly, carrying out anaerobic fermentation by using the selected lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus acidophilus as fermentation strains.
7. The method for preparing crayfish feed as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the first step of microorganism ectopic fermentation bed mixed fermentation, the ectopic fermentation bed mixed raw materials are prepared from chaff: rice chaff: 48.28% and 34.48% of cow dung: 17.24% of the composition; the microorganism strain is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus laterosporus, Aspergillus fumigatus, yeast, denitrifying bacteria, and Actinomycetes, and the viable count is more than 200 × 108CFU//g；
After the aerobic-anaerobic fermentation is finished, the concentration of bacillus in the fermented cow dung is more than 107CFU/g。
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the crawfish feed is obtained by measuring the nutrient content and the microbial activity.
9. The crayfish feed is characterized by consisting of cattle manure, aerobic-anaerobic fermentation strains and a basic feed; the fermented cow dung accounts for 10-20% of the total component mass of the feed, and the balance is basic feed.
10. The crayfish feed of claim 9 wherein said aerobic fermentation species comprises: the microorganism strain is Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus laterosporus, Aspergillus fumigatus, yeast, denitrifying bacteria, and Actinomycetes, and the viable count is more than 200 × 108CFU/g；
The anaerobic fermentation strain comprises Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and has an addition amount of 108CFU/ML。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011522743.7A CN112674238A (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Crayfish feed and preparation method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011522743.7A CN112674238A (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Crayfish feed and preparation method thereof |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112674238A true CN112674238A (en) | 2021-04-20 |
Family
ID=75450150
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011522743.7A Pending CN112674238A (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Crayfish feed and preparation method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112674238A (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103843972A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-06-11 | 广州优锐生物科技有限公司 | Feed additive, preparation method and application of feed additive |
| CN108850428A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-23 | 黄石市佳兴生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of nonreactive cold pelletize dedicated pre fermentation material and its full-valence pellet feed |
| CN109997992A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-12 | 连云港市连威农牧科技有限公司 | A kind of dedicated breeding feed and preparation method thereof suitable for aquatic products |
| CN111995464A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-27 | 肥城中持十方生物能源有限公司 | Preparation method of compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding |
-
2020
- 2020-12-21 CN CN202011522743.7A patent/CN112674238A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103843972A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-06-11 | 广州优锐生物科技有限公司 | Feed additive, preparation method and application of feed additive |
| CN108850428A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-23 | 黄石市佳兴生物科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of nonreactive cold pelletize dedicated pre fermentation material and its full-valence pellet feed |
| CN109997992A (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2019-07-12 | 连云港市连威农牧科技有限公司 | A kind of dedicated breeding feed and preparation method thereof suitable for aquatic products |
| CN111995464A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-27 | 肥城中持十方生物能源有限公司 | Preparation method of compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 杨前平 等: "微生物异位发酵床在肉牛健康养殖上的应用", 湖北畜牧兽医, vol. 38, no. 11, pages 141 - 142 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN106260504B (en) | Method for producing microbial fermentation wet feed by using beer yeast paste | |
| CN111838408A (en) | Functional amino acid enzyme and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110218688B (en) | Bacillus marinus LY-23, microbial inoculum and application thereof and product using same | |
| CN1285869A (en) | Microorganism, method for obtaining same and feed additive | |
| CN115067419A (en) | Application of feed additive and preparation method of earthworm fermentation liquor | |
| CN111728083A (en) | Bacterium-enzyme fusion fermentation culture with livestock and poultry intestinal function improving function and preparation method thereof | |
| CN112314782A (en) | Compound microbial preparation for fermented feed and fermented puffed pellet feed | |
| CN107712462A (en) | A kind of aquatic products high-efficiency active biological fermentation bait and its preparation method and application | |
| CN107348188A (en) | A kind of Growth of Pigs feed containing fermented soybean dregs | |
| KR100287825B1 (en) | Probiotics For Feed Additives | |
| KR20020093996A (en) | Animal feed additives and method of producing the same | |
| RU2546880C2 (en) | Method of probiotic feed preparation for farm animals | |
| CN105146056A (en) | Cow dung biological fermentation and feed preparation technology | |
| CN112226389A (en) | Planting culture method of intestinal probiotic groups of Sanhuang young chickens and application of intestinal probiotic groups | |
| CN113462605A (en) | Pediococcus pentosaceus368 microbial inoculum and preparation method and application thereof | |
| CN104498385A (en) | High-yield antibacterial peptide bacillus licheniformis and application thereof | |
| CN107259139A (en) | The preparation method and applications of lactobacillus acidophilus solid state fermentation sow mixed feed | |
| CN106819625A (en) | A kind of mandarin fish fermented feed and preparation method thereof | |
| CN102813055A (en) | EM (effective microorganisms) fermented straw high-protein mixed feed and production method thereof | |
| CN116267644A (en) | Fermentation bed for cultivation | |
| CN103168914B (en) | Preparation technology of microbial glycolysis active peptide containing haematochrome | |
| CN113897312B (en) | Preparation and application of animal feeding microbial inoculum | |
| CN109170149A (en) | A method of microecological fermented forage is produced using antibiotic milk | |
| CN114190486A (en) | Microbial fermented feed for preventing and treating constipation of sows and sow breeding method | |
| CN112674238A (en) | Crayfish feed and preparation method thereof |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |