CN111205142A - Coated biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Coated biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111205142A CN111205142A CN202010047604.7A CN202010047604A CN111205142A CN 111205142 A CN111205142 A CN 111205142A CN 202010047604 A CN202010047604 A CN 202010047604A CN 111205142 A CN111205142 A CN 111205142A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
- C05F1/002—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from fish or from fish-wastes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a coated biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The invention prepares a coated bio-organic fertilizer with a multilayer structure, the multilayer structure is divided into an inner core, a microbial inoculum layer, a polyacrylamide layer and a beneficiating powder layer, and the preparation raw materials of the inner core are as follows: fungus dregs, animal wastes, corncobs, catfish, activated humic acid, shell powder, seaweed powder and fish meal. The multilayer structure enables the microbial inoculum to keep activity in the organic fertilizer, and the content of the coated biological organic fertilizer is isolated from the outside by utilizing the coating technology, so that the use difficulty of the biological organic fertilizer is greatly reduced. The results of the examples show that the invention has the technical effects of being convenient to be mixed with fertilizers for application, reducing the planting cost and improving the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of biological organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to a coated biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In the current production of grain crops, the condition of using a single chemical fertilizer for a long time exists, and the condition can cause the states of low nutrient utilization rate, reduced soil fertility and sustainable production capacity of soil and incapability of ensuring stable and high yield of grains. The long-term application of the organic fertilizer can maintain the soil production function, the organic fertilizer and the conventional fertilizer are increasingly emphasized by production, namely the organic fertilizer is applied to replace part of the fertilizer, and the method is also a fertilizing mode gradually popularized from the national to the local agricultural production. Because beneficial microorganisms play an important role in activating soil nutrients, improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reducing soil-borne diseases and enhancing the health function of soil, the functional microbial agent is increasingly added into organic fertilizer manufacturing and agricultural production, and an organic fertilizer-biological organic fertilizer with certain functions is formed.
Conventional fertilizers and bio-organic fertilizers can be used separately, wherein powder-shaped spreading, granular spreading or mechanical spreading or furrow application are common modes for using fertilizers. But powdered bio-organic fertilizer comparatively commonly used has the shortcoming that is not convenient for use, easily forms the dust and is difficult to realize mechanized fertilization, and moreover, bio-organic fertilizer contains certain water content, if mix with conventional chemical fertilizer and use, can cause the adhesion of fertilizer granule, and the condition of the mechanical fertilization of more being not convenient for appears. On the basis, if the bio-organic fertilizer and the conventional fertilizer are applied separately, the problem of increasing the production cost such as increasing the mechanical operation rate or labor force occurs.
Meanwhile, the bio-organic fertilizer provided in the prior art still has many defects to be perfected, for example, chinese patent CN201910441586.8 discloses a coated bio-organic fertilizer granule and a preparation method thereof, which mainly adds carboxylated bacterial cellulose, chitosan and a compound trace element solution into the bio-organic fertilizer granule, and solves the problem of high breakage rate during processing, transportation and application through the compound synergistic action among the components, mainly emphasizes on the transportation quality of the product, and cannot solve the problem encountered in spreading the bio-organic fertilizer.
Therefore, in the existing research and development, a dosage form which not only can improve the living environment of biological fungi, but also can allow the common chemical fertilizer and the biological organic fertilizer to be applied together is sought, and the technical problem of spreading the biological chemical fertilizer granules can be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a multi-layer coated bio-organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The coated organic biological fertilizer provided by the invention not only can give consideration to the effect of both fungi and organic fertilizer, but also reduces the difficulty of spreading the biological fertilizer.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical problems:
the invention provides a coated biological organic fertilizer which is a multi-layer structure fertilizer and comprises an inner core, a microbial inoculum layer, a polyacrylamide layer and a beneficiating powder layer; the preparation raw materials of the inner core are as follows: fungus dregs, animal manure, corncobs, catfish, activated humic acid, shell powder, seaweed powder and fish meal; the animal waste comprises livestock waste and wormcast.
Preferably, the components of the microbial inoculum layer comprise bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma and saccharomycetes; the number of viable bacteria in the coated biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g.
Preferably, the coated bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following core preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of mushroom dregs, 20-25 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 8-10 parts of wormcast, 15-20 parts of corncobs, 6-12 parts of catfish, 2-4 parts of activated humic acid, 2-3 parts of shell powder, 2-3 parts of seaweed powder and 2-3 parts of fish meal.
Preferably, the livestock manure includes, but is not limited to, at least one of cow manure and chicken manure.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the coated bio-organic fertilizer in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and crushing preparation raw materials of the kernel to obtain raw material particles; composting and fermenting the raw material particles to obtain a decomposed raw material;
(2) crushing the decomposed raw materials for the second time, and granulating the decomposed raw materials crushed for the second time to obtain a kernel;
(3) drying, screening and cooling the inner core in sequence, wrapping the cooled inner core for the first time by adopting a liquid microbial inoculum, and wrapping the cooled inner core for the second time by adopting a powder microbial inoculum to obtain a primary bio-organic fertilizer;
(4) and standing and drying the primary bio-organic fertilizer, coating the primary bio-organic fertilizer by using a polyacrylamide solution, and coating the primary bio-organic fertilizer for the third time by using beneficial powder to obtain the coated bio-organic fertilizer.
Preferably, the drying in the step (3) includes a first drying and a second drying which are sequentially performed; the temperature of the first drying is 450-500 ℃, and the time is 8-10 min; the temperature of the second drying is 420-450 ℃, and the time is 8-10 min;
screening to obtain a drying kernel with the particle size of 2-4 mm;
the liquid microbial inoculum contains bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma and yeast, and the viable count ratio of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the trichoderma and the yeast in the liquid microbial inoculum is 0-3: 0-2: 0-1; the viable count of the bacillus licheniformis and the trichoderma is not 0; the powder microbial inoculum contains bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes, and the viable count ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the saccharomycetes in the powder microbial inoculum is 1: 2-4; the water content of the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer is 25-28 wt.%.
Preferably, the standing and drying in the step (4) are carried out in a packaging bag with pores, and the standing and drying time is 1-3 months; the water content of the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer obtained by standing and drying is 22-25 wt%;
the coating time is 4-5 minutes; the concentration of the polyacrylamide solution is 98%, and the mass ratio of the polyacrylamide solution to the coated bio-organic fertilizer to be treated is 5-6: 1000; the mass ratio of the beneficiating powder to the coated biological organic fertilizer to be treated is 7-8: 1000.
The particle size of the raw material particles for preparing the inner core in the step (1) is less than or equal to 2 mm; the composting fermentation time is 150-180 days.
The time for the second crushing in the step (2) is 30-60 s; the granulation comprises disc granulation and roller granulation which are carried out in sequence; the time for granulating by the disc is 3-10 min; the particle size of the particles obtained by disc granulation is 0.2 mm-10 mm, and the water content is more than or equal to 70 wt.%; the roller granulation time is 3-5 min; the particle size of the granules obtained by roller granulation is 0.2-5 mm, and the water content is 60-70 wt.%.
The coated bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention has a multilayer structure and comprises an inner nuclear layer, a microbial inoculum layer, a polyacrylamide layer and a benefiting powder layer, wherein the inner nuclear layer consists of mushroom dregs, animal manure, corncobs, catfish, activated humic acid, shell powder, seaweed powder and fish meal. The coated biological organic fertilizer solves the technical problem that the organic fertilizer is not easy to be mixed with a chemical fertilizer for application by controlling the components, the moisture content and the structure of the organic fertilizer and the bacteria. The water content of the finally prepared coated bio-organic fertilizer is only 22-25 wt%, so that the coated bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention can not be agglomerated while the survival of fungi is ensured. The results of the examples show that the coated bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention greatly reduces the labor cost and improves the yield on the premise of solving the problem of no caking of the fertilizer applied. Greatly improves the income of the planting industry.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a coated bio-organic fertilizer which is a multi-layer structure fertilizer and comprises an inner core, a microbial inoculum layer, a polyacrylamide layer and a beneficiating powder layer; the preparation raw materials of the inner core are as follows: fungus dregs, animal wastes, wormcast, corncobs, catfish, activated humic acid, shell powder, seaweed powder and fish meal. The beneficial powder used by the invention consists of mineral substances, inorganic salt, modified starch and other auxiliary materials.
The coated bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention can achieve the technical effects of no adhesion and easy throwing under the condition of ensuring the living environment of fungi.
In the invention, the components of the microbial inoculum layer comprise bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma and saccharomycetes; the microbial inoculum layer is preferably a first microbial inoculum layer and a second microbial inoculum layer which are stacked, the components of the first microbial inoculum layer comprise bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma and saccharomycetes, and the components of the second microbial inoculum layer comprise bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes; the number of viable bacteria in the coated biological organic fertilizer is preferably more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g.
The core preparation raw material of the coated bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention preferably comprises 25-30 parts of mushroom dregs in parts by mass. In the present invention, the mushroom dregs are not limited in source, and any cultivation medium in which mushrooms have been propagated can be used.
Based on the mass parts of the mushroom dregs, the core preparation raw material of the coated bio-organic fertilizer preferably comprises 20-25 parts of livestock manure. In the invention, the livestock manure is preferably one of cow manure, chicken manure or any other livestock manure.
Based on the mass parts of the mushroom dregs, the core preparation raw material of the coated bio-organic fertilizer preferably comprises 8-10 parts of wormcast.
On the basis of the mass parts of the mushroom dregs, the core preparation raw material of the coated bio-organic fertilizer preferably comprises 15-20 parts of corncobs.
Based on the mass parts of the mushroom dregs, the core preparation raw material of the coated bio-organic fertilizer preferably comprises 8-10 parts of wormcast.
On the basis of the mass parts of the mushroom dregs, the core preparation raw material of the coated bio-organic fertilizer preferably comprises 6-12 parts of catfish. In the present invention, the catfish is preferably provided in the form of fresh fish.
On the basis of the mass parts of the mushroom dregs, the core preparation raw material of the coated bio-organic fertilizer preferably comprises 2-4 parts of activated humic acid.
The core preparation raw material of the coated bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention preferably comprises 2-3 parts of shell powder by taking the mass parts of the mushroom dregs as a reference.
On the basis of the mass parts of the mushroom dregs, the core preparation raw material of the coated bio-organic fertilizer preferably comprises 2-3 parts of seaweed meal.
On the basis of the mass parts of the mushroom dregs, the core preparation raw material of the coated bio-organic fertilizer preferably comprises 2-3 parts of fish meal.
In the invention, the core preparation raw materials, the microbial inoculum layer components and the beneficiating powder of the coated biological organic fertilizer are all commercial products.
The biological organic fertilizer is added with activated humic acid, so that the soil structure can be improved, the formation of soil aggregates is promoted, the soil with high salt content and strong alkalinity is well improved, and the chemical activity and the biological activity of the activated humic acid such as chemical combination, adsorption and chelation can improve the nutrient utilization of the fertilizer and the effectiveness of trace elements. Besides, the raw materials of the bio-organic fertilizer used by the invention comprise conventional raw materials such as mushroom dregs, cow dung or chicken manure, corn cobs, wormcast and the like, and substances such as catfish, shell powder, seaweed powder, fish meal and the like, contain various beneficial components such as unsaturated fatty acid, protein, amino acid, vitamin, calcium carbonate, chitin and the like, and have better effects than other conventional organic fertilizers by controlling the dosage and proportion of the raw materials; moreover, the coated biological organic fertilizer takes the polyacrylamide as a coating layer, not only plays a role of water resistance, but also can be combined with soil colloid to reduce water loss and lock soil water to enhance the drought resistance function.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the coated bio-organic fertilizer in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing and crushing preparation raw materials of the kernel to obtain raw material particles; composting and fermenting the raw material particles to obtain a decomposed raw material;
(2) crushing the decomposed raw materials for the second time, and granulating the decomposed raw materials crushed for the second time to obtain a kernel;
(3) drying, screening and cooling the inner core in sequence, and then carrying out primary coating on the cooled inner core by using a liquid microbial agent to obtain a primary coated bio-organic fertilizer;
(4) and standing and drying the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer, coating the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer for the second time by using a powdered microbial inoculum, adding the benefical powder after the second coating is finished, and continuously processing to obtain the coated bio-organic fertilizer.
The coated bio-organic fertilizer obtained by the treatment has a multilayer structure, so that the living environment of microorganisms can be guaranteed, the water content in the bio-organic fertilizer is effectively controlled, and the problem of fertilizer adhesion in the spreading process is avoided.
Mixing and crushing preparation raw materials of the inner core to obtain raw material particles; and (3) composting and fermenting the raw material particles to obtain the decomposed raw material. The particle diameter of the crushed raw material is preferably less than or equal to 2 mm; the present invention does not require special embodiments of the comminution, as is well known to those skilled in the art. In the present invention, the embodiment of the composting fermentation is preferably conducted in an indoor composting fermentation at room temperature, and the fermentation time is preferably 150 to 180 days. The fermentation is beneficial to the preparation of the bio-fertilizer kernel, and the bio-fertilizer provided by the invention is rich in various nutrient substances through fermentation treatment and has better effect.
After the decomposed raw materials are obtained, the decomposed raw materials are crushed for the second time, and the decomposed raw materials after being crushed for the second time are granulated to obtain the kernel. In the present invention, the second pulverization is preferably performed by placing the decomposed material in a pulverizer, and the pulverization time is preferably 30 to 60 seconds. In the present invention, the granulation preferably includes disc granulation and drum granulation performed in this order; the disc granulation refers to the step of putting the decomposed raw materials into a disc granulator for processing, wherein the processing time is preferably 3-10 min; the particle size of the particles obtained by disc granulation is preferably 0.2 mm-10 mm, and the water content is preferably more than or equal to 70 wt.%.
In the invention, the drum granulation is preferably to process the granules obtained by disc granulation in a drum granulator for 3-5 min to obtain a kernel with the particle size of 0.2-5 mm and the water content of 60-70 wt.%. The invention is beneficial to the forming of the bio-fertilizer kernel by combining the disc granulation and the roller granulation, so that the density of the bio-fertilizer kernel is higher, the utilization rate of the organic fertilizer is effectively improved, and the preparation of the kernel is beneficial to the subsequent coating process.
After obtaining the inner core, the invention sequentially dries, screens and cools the inner core, adopts liquid microbial inoculum to carry out primary coating on the cooled inner core, and then adopts powder microbial inoculum to carry out secondary coating, thus obtaining the primary bio-organic fertilizer. In the invention, the drying preferably comprises two times of drying in sequence, wherein the first drying temperature is preferably 450-500 ℃, and further preferably 460-475 ℃; the time for the first drying is preferably 8-10 min; the second drying temperature is preferably 420-450 ℃, and is further preferably 420-430 ℃; the time for the second drying is preferably 8-10 min.
The invention preferably screens the dried kernels through 4mm and 2mm screens in turn to obtain kernels with the grain size of 4mm or more and d more than 2mm, kernels with the grain size of d more than 4mm and kernels with the grain size of d less than 2 mm; the invention preferably uses the inner core with the grain diameter of 4mm, more than or equal to d and more than 2mm to carry out the subsequent cooling and wrapping process; the kernels with the grain sizes d larger than 4mm and d less than or equal to 2mm are preferably recycled and mixed with the rotten raw materials obtained by composting fermentation for processing.
In the present invention, the cooling is preferably natural cooling at room temperature; the cooling time is preferably 15-20 minutes, and the water content of the cooled core particles is 24-27 wt.%.
After cooling, the invention adopts liquid microbial inoculum to carry out primary wrapping on the cooling inner core, and then adopts powder microbial inoculum to carry out secondary wrapping, thus obtaining the primary bio-organic fertilizer. The invention preferably adopts a roller device to coat the liquid microbial inoculum to realize the first-time coating. In the present invention, the liquid microbial inoculum preferably contains bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma and saccharomycetes; the ratio of viable bacteria of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma and saccharomycetes in the liquid microbial inoculum is preferably 0-3: 0-2: 0-1, and the viable bacteria number of the bacillus licheniformis and the trichoderma is not 0; in the invention, the time for the first wrapping is preferably 3-6 s. The spraying amount per second is preferably 45-60 ml when the first package is carried out.
According to the invention, the dusting machine is preferably used for coating the powdery microbial inoculum to realize secondary coating, and the powdery microbial inoculum preferably contains bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes, and further preferably contains bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes; the ratio of the number of used live bacteria of the bacillus subtilis to the number of used live bacteria of the yeast in the powdery microbial inoculum is preferably 1: 2-4; in the invention, the second wrapping time is preferably 4-6 min; the dusting speed is 175-240 g per minute. And after the second coating is finished, the primary bio-organic fertilizer with the water content of 25-28 wt.% is obtained. The invention utilizes the liquid microbial inoculum to wrap the inner core, which is beneficial to the attachment of the subsequent powder microbial inoculum and the molding of the coated fertilizer.
After the primary biological organic fertilizer is obtained, the primary biological organic fertilizer is stood and dried, the primary biological organic fertilizer is firstly coated by polyacrylamide solution, and then the coated biological organic fertilizer is obtained by coating the primary biological organic fertilizer for the third time by using beneficiated powder. In the invention, the primary bio-organic fertilizer is preferably placed in a packaging bag with pores, the pore diameter of the packaging bag is preferably less than or equal to 2mm, the placement time is preferably 1-3 months, and the coated bio-organic fertilizer to be treated with the water content of 22-25 wt.% is obtained. The natural placement is beneficial to the growth of microorganisms, and the occurrence of the condition of killing excessive microorganisms in the manual quick-drying process is reduced.
In the invention, the coating film is generated by using a roller device to treat the coating film at normal temperature
And (3) after coating, adding the beneficiating powder for third coating, wherein the coating time is preferably 1-2 min, so as to obtain the coated bio-organic fertilizer. The mass ratio of the beneficial powder to the primary biological organic fertilizer without the beneficial powder is preferably 7-8: 1000. The coating film has a certain water-proof effect, so that the biological organic fertilizer provided by the invention is prevented from being worn in the transportation and use process.
According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the water content of the finally obtained coated bio-organic fertilizer is detected to be less than or equal to 25%; the content of active bacteria of the coated biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g through detection.
The invention also provides application of the coated bio-organic fertilizer in the technical scheme in planting winter wheat, garlic and tomatoes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention also has the following advantages:
1. the bio-organic fertilizer produced by the invention can be mixed with common chemical fertilizer, thereby avoiding the problem that the conventional bio-organic fertilizer contains moisture to influence the adhesion of chemical fertilizer particles and is inconvenient for mechanical application;
2. the content of functional bacteria and the content of water in the bio-organic fertilizer are lower than the national standard, the quality is high, and the equivalent synergistic effect is achieved;
3. the biological organic fertilizer has obvious effects on aspects of stable yield, yield increase, crop stress resistance, reduction of pest occurrence, quality improvement, soil sustainable productivity and the like.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the coated bio-organic fertilizer and the preparation method thereof provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to examples, but they should not be construed as a prerequisite for the protection scope of the present invention.
The amounts mentioned in the following examples are parts by mass unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
1. Preparation of organic fertilizer kernel
The preparation method comprises the following steps of primarily crushing and sieving raw materials, namely 25 parts of mushroom residues, 25 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of corncobs, 10 parts of wormcast, 10 parts of catfish, 4 parts of activated humic acid, 2 parts of shell powder, 2 parts of seaweed powder and 2 parts of fish meal, so that the particle size of raw material particles is smaller than or equal to 2 mm. Composting and fermenting the obtained raw material particles for 180 days to obtain the decomposed raw material.
Crushing the decomposed raw materials by a crusher for 50 seconds, conveying the crushed raw materials into a disc granulator through a conveying belt, and treating for 8 minutes to obtain primary organic fertilizer particles with the particle size of 0.2-10 mm and the water content of 72 wt.%;
placing the primary organic fertilizer particles into a roller granulator and processing for 5 minutes to obtain an organic fertilizer kernel with the particle size of 0.2-5 mm and the water content of 68 wt.%;
putting the core particles into drying equipment, drying for 8 minutes at 500 ℃ and then drying for 8 minutes at 450 ℃;
screening organic fertilizer kernel particles from a drying device, putting the screened particles with the particle size d larger than 4mm into a grinder for grinding treatment, mixing the particles with the particle size d smaller than or equal to 2mm with a decomposed raw material for reuse, and carrying out the next operation on the organic fertilizer kernel particles with the particle size d larger than or equal to 4mm and larger than 2 mm;
naturally cooling the screened organic fertilizer kernel particles for 15 minutes, wherein the water content of the kernel is 24 wt.%.
2. Production of bio-organic fertilizer
(1) At normal temperature, coating liquid microbial inoculum by using a roller device for 5 seconds (200 hundred million/ml of liquid microbial inoculum; 45-60 ml of liquid microbial inoculum is sprayed per second, wherein the liquid microbial inoculum contains bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes, the viable bacteria ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the saccharomycetes is 3:1), coating powder microbial inoculum by using a powder coating machine for 5 minutes (1000 hundred million/g of powder microbial inoculum, the powder coating speed is 175-240 g per minute, the powder microbial inoculum contains the bacillus subtilis and the saccharomycetes, and the biomass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the saccharomycetes is 3:1), obtaining a primary coated bio-organic fertilizer, and detecting the water content of the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer to be 25 wt.%.
(2) Placing the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer in a packaging bag with pores, wherein the diameter of the pores of the packaging bag is less than or equal to 2mm, naturally placing for 1 month, and detecting the water content to be 22 wt.%;
(3) and (2) performing coating treatment on the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer by using a roller device at normal temperature, wherein the coating material is polyacrylamide solution (the concentration of the polyacrylamide solution is 98%, and the mass ratio of the solution to the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer is 6:1000), and the coating treatment is performed for 5 minutes. And adding beneficial powder (the mass ratio of the beneficial powder to the coated biological organic fertilizer without the beneficial powder is 8:1000) into the roller device after coating is finished, and obtaining the coated biological organic fertilizer after the beneficial powder is uniformly attached to the surfaces of the coated particles.
Example 2
1. Preparation of organic fertilizer kernel
28 parts of mushroom dregs, 24 parts of chicken manure, 16 parts of corncobs, 9 parts of wormcast, 11 parts of catfish, 3 parts of activated humic acid, 3 parts of shell powder, 3 parts of seaweed powder and 3 parts of fish meal are subjected to primary crushing and sieving, so that the particle size of raw material particles is less than or equal to 2 mm. And carrying out composting fermentation on the obtained raw material particles for 150 days to obtain the decomposed raw material.
Crushing the decomposed raw materials by a crusher for 60 seconds, conveying the crushed raw materials into a disc granulator through a conveying belt, and treating for 7 minutes to obtain primary organic fertilizer particles with the particle size of 0.2-10 mm and the water content of 75 wt.%;
placing the primary organic fertilizer particles into a roller granulator and processing for 4 minutes to obtain an organic fertilizer kernel with the particle size of 0.2-5 mm and the water content of 69 wt.%;
putting the core particles into drying equipment, drying for 8 minutes at 480 ℃ and then drying for 10 minutes at 420 ℃;
screening organic fertilizer kernel particles from a drying device, putting the screened particles with the particle size d larger than 4mm into a grinder for grinding treatment, mixing the particles with the particle size d smaller than or equal to 2mm with a decomposed raw material for reuse, and carrying out the next operation on the organic fertilizer kernel particles with the particle size d larger than or equal to 4mm and larger than 2 mm;
naturally cooling the screened organic fertilizer kernel particles for 15 minutes, wherein the water content of the kernel is 27 wt.%.
2. Production of bio-organic fertilizer
(1) At normal temperature, coating liquid microbial agents on organic fertilizer kernel particles by using a roller device for 4 seconds (the liquid microbial agents comprise 180 hundred million/ml and 45-60 ml of liquid microbial agents are sprayed per second, wherein the liquid microbial agents comprise bacillus licheniformis and trichoderma, the biomass ratio of the bacillus licheniformis to the trichoderma is 2:1), coating powder microbial agents for 4 minutes by using a powder coating machine (the powder microbial agents comprise 900 hundred million/g, the powder coating speed is 175-240 g per minute, the powder microbial agents comprise bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes, the biomass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the saccharomycetes is 3:1), obtaining primary coated bio-organic fertilizer, and detecting the water content of the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer to be 28 wt.%.
(2) Placing the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer in a packaging bag with pores, wherein the diameter of the pores of the packaging bag is less than or equal to 2mm, naturally placing for 3 months, and detecting the water content to be 25 wt.%;
(3) and (2) performing coating treatment on the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer by using a roller device at normal temperature, wherein the coating material is a polyacrylamide solution (the concentration of the polyacrylamide solution is 98%, and the mass ratio of the solution to the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer is 5:1000), and the coating treatment is performed for 4 minutes. And adding beneficial powder (the mass ratio of the beneficial powder to the coated biological organic fertilizer without the beneficial powder is 7: 1000) into the roller device after coating is finished, and obtaining the coated biological organic fertilizer after the beneficial powder is uniformly attached to the surfaces of the coated particles.
Example 3
1. Preparation of organic fertilizer kernel
30 parts of mushroom dregs, 23 parts of cow dung, 18 parts of corncobs, 8 parts of wormcast, 10 parts of catfish, 4 parts of activated humic acid, 2 parts of shell powder, 3 parts of seaweed powder and 2 parts of fish meal are subjected to primary crushing and sieving, so that the particle size of raw material particles is less than or equal to 2 mm. Composting and fermenting the obtained raw material particles for 165 days to obtain the decomposed raw material.
Crushing the decomposed raw materials by a crusher for 50 seconds, conveying the crushed raw materials into a disc granulator through a conveying belt, and treating for 7 minutes to obtain primary organic fertilizer particles with the particle size of 0.2-10 mm and the water content of 71 wt.%;
placing the primary organic fertilizer particles into a roller granulator and processing for 4.5 minutes to obtain an organic fertilizer kernel with the particle size of 0.2-5 mm and the water content of 65 wt.%;
putting the core particles into drying equipment, drying for 8 minutes at 470 ℃ and then drying for 10 minutes at 430 ℃;
screening organic fertilizer kernel particles from a drying device, putting the screened particles with the particle size d larger than 4mm into a grinder for grinding treatment, mixing the particles with the particle size d smaller than or equal to 2mm with a decomposed raw material for reuse, and carrying out the next operation on the organic fertilizer kernel particles with the particle size d larger than or equal to 4mm and larger than 2 mm;
naturally cooling the screened organic fertilizer kernel particles for 16 minutes, wherein the water content of the kernel is 27 wt.%.
2. Production of bio-organic fertilizer
(1) At normal temperature, coating liquid microbial inoculum by using a roller device for 4 seconds (the liquid microbial inoculum comprises 190 hundred million/ml of bacillus subtilis and yeast, the biomass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the yeast is 1: 1) on organic fertilizer kernel particles, coating the powder microbial inoculum by using a powder coating machine for 4 minutes (the powder microbial inoculum comprises 800 hundred million/g, the powder coating speed is 175-240 g per minute, the powder microbial inoculum comprises the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus licheniformis, the biomass ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus licheniformis is 3:1), obtaining a primary coated bio-organic fertilizer, and detecting the water content of the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer to be 27 wt.%.
(2) Placing the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer in a packaging bag with pores, wherein the diameter of the pores of the packaging bag is less than or equal to 2mm, naturally placing for 2 months, and detecting the water content to be 26 wt.%;
(3) and (2) performing coating treatment on the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer by using a roller device at normal temperature, wherein the coating material is polyacrylamide solution (the concentration of the polyacrylamide solution is 98%, and the mass ratio of the solution to the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer is 5:1000), and the coating treatment is performed for 4.5 minutes. And adding beneficial powder (the mass ratio of the beneficial powder to the coated biological organic fertilizer without the beneficial powder is 8:1000) into the roller device after coating is finished, and obtaining the coated biological organic fertilizer after the beneficial powder is uniformly attached to the surface of the coated particles.
Application example 1
The coated bio-organic fertilizer provided in application example 1 and a bio-organic fertilizer sold by Shandong grain-sourced bio-organic fertilizer Co., Ltd were used for field experiments on winter wheat.
In 2016-2017, experiments are respectively carried out in two wheat fields of' 37075;, urban middle-yield and low-yield, organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers are applied in a matched mode, and the amounts of the chemical fertilizers used in the two groups are the same. In application example 1, a mixed fertilizer obtained by mixing a coated biological organic fertilizer and a chemical fertilizer is used for sowing in a seed and fertilizer co-sowing mode; the fertilizer and the biological organic fertilizer are respectively applied in the comparative example, and the fertilizer is firstly applied and then the biological organic fertilizer is applied during the sowing period. Other field operation and management modes are consistent. Table 1 is the average statistical data for four plots.
TABLE 1 comparison of nutrient efficiency, yield and benefit under treatment of two bio-organic fertilizers
As shown in the table 1, the application of the biological organic fertilizer can better promote the absorption and utilization of chemical fertilizer nitrogen, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 1.5 percent compared with the utilization rate of the conventional organic fertilizer sold in the market; the application example can save 250 yuan/hm in fertilization labor cost because the conventional biological organic fertilizer has the influence of moisture and the blending application of fertilizers which have to be carried out twice2(ii) a The yield of the application example is increased by 170kg/hm in comparison with the yield of the application example2The yield is increased by 2.3%; calculating cost benefit, the application of the biological organic fertilizer can increase the yield by 650 yuan/hm2。
Application example 2
The coated bio-organic fertilizer provided in application example 2 and bio-organic fertilizer sold by Shandong grain-sourced bio-organic fertilizer Co., Ltd were used for field experiments on garlic.
In 2017-2018, comparison tests are respectively carried out on 3 plots in Juye county, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are applied in a matched mode, and the amount of the chemical fertilizer used in 3 groups is the same. Application example 2 adopts the mixed application of coated biological organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; and fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer are respectively applied in the comparative examples, and the operation and management modes in other fields are consistent. Table 2 shows the data of the tests in the test fields.
TABLE 2 comparison of emergence and soil index of two bio-organic fertilizers
As can be seen from the table 2, the moisture of the bio-organic fertilizer causes the adhesion of fertilizer particles, the spreading is relatively uneven, the phenomenon of excessive nutrients of local fertilizers can occur in plots, and the garlic is burnt, so the emergence rate of the conventional bio-organic fertilizer applied to the market is lower than that of an application example, and the emergence rate is lower than 4.1%; because the bio-organic fertilizer contains humic acid and the outer coating film is polyacrylamide, the bio-organic fertilizer can form colloid with soil particles, lock soil moisture and reduce evaporation, and has quite high soil water content in the key period that garlic needs moisture in the spring rejuvenation period, and the soil water content ratio of the application example is 0.7 wt.%; in addition, the biological organic fertilizer can reduce the salinization degree of soil, and compared with an application example of a 0-20 cm soil layer of the comparative example, the pH value of the application example is reduced by 0.3 unit during harvesting, and the salt content of the soil is reduced by 0.4 g/kg.
Application example 3
The coated bio-organic fertilizer provided in application example 3 and a bio-organic fertilizer sold by Shandong grain-sourced bio-organic fertilizer Co., Ltd were used for field experiments in tomato fields.
A field contrast test is carried out on a protected tomato planting field in the Shenzhou province, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are applied in a matched mode, and the amount of the chemical fertilizer used in each group is the same. Application example 3 adopts the mixed application of coated bio-organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer; and fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer are respectively applied in the comparative examples, and other field operation and management modes are consistent. In the application example, the coated bio-organic fertilizer and the proportional bio-organic fertilizer provided in the implementation 3 are respectively used. Statistics for tomato fields and data for tomato detection are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 tomato yield, quality and disease status under two bio-organic fertilizer treatments
As can be seen from Table 3, the application of the bio-organic fertilizer can improve the Vc content of tomato fruits by 13.1mg/kg, greatly reduce the incidence rate of freeze injury (by 3.7%) and the incidence rate of gray mold (by 1.7%), and simultaneously significantly increase the yield of tomatoes, wherein the yield is increased by 9.3% compared with that of a comparative example group. The biological organic fertilizer used in application example 3 has obvious advantages in the aspects of quality, stress resistance, disease resistance and yield increase.
According to the application examples, the coated bio-organic fertilizer provided by the invention has the technical effects of being convenient to mix with a chemical fertilizer for spreading, improving soil and the like in planting of various crops, can save the planting cost and improve the yield, and has extremely high application and popularization values. The raw materials of the coated biological organic fertilizer comprise conventional raw materials such as mushroom dregs, cow dung or chicken dung, corncobs and wormcast, and also comprise substances such as catfish, shell powder, seaweed powder and fish meal, and the coated biological organic fertilizer contains various beneficial components such as unsaturated fatty acid, protein, amino acid, vitamin, calcium carbonate and chitin, and has better effect than other conventional organic fertilizers.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The coated bio-organic fertilizer is characterized by being a multi-layer structure fertilizer and comprising an inner core, a microbial inoculum layer, a polyacrylamide layer and a beneficiating powder layer; the preparation raw materials of the inner core are as follows: fungus dregs, animal wastes, corncobs, catfish, activated humic acid, shell powder, seaweed powder and fish meal; the animal waste comprises livestock waste and wormcast.
2. The coated bio-organic fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the components of the microbial layer comprise bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma and yeasts; the number of viable bacteria in the coated biological organic fertilizer is more than or equal to 5 hundred million/g.
3. The coated bio-organic fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the core is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 25-30 parts of mushroom dregs, 20-25 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 8-10 parts of wormcast, 15-20 parts of corncobs, 6-12 parts of catfish, 2-4 parts of activated humic acid, 2-3 parts of shell powder, 2-3 parts of seaweed powder and 2-3 parts of fish meal.
4. The coated bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the livestock manure comprises but is not limited to at least one of cow manure and chicken manure.
5. The preparation method of the coated bio-organic fertilizer of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps:
(1) mixing and crushing preparation raw materials of the kernel to obtain raw material particles; composting and fermenting the raw material particles to obtain a decomposed raw material;
(2) crushing the decomposed raw materials for the second time, and granulating the decomposed raw materials crushed for the second time to obtain a kernel;
(3) drying, screening and cooling the inner core in sequence, wrapping the cooled inner core for the first time by adopting a liquid microbial inoculum, and wrapping the cooled inner core for the second time by adopting a powder microbial inoculum to obtain a primary bio-organic fertilizer;
(4) and standing and drying the primary bio-organic fertilizer, coating the primary bio-organic fertilizer by using a polyacrylamide solution, and coating the primary bio-organic fertilizer for the third time by using beneficial powder to obtain the coated bio-organic fertilizer.
6. The manufacturing method according to claim 5, wherein the drying in the step (3) includes a first drying and a second drying which are performed in sequence; the temperature of the first drying is 450-500 ℃, and the time is 8-10 min; the temperature of the second drying is 420-450 ℃, and the time is 8-10 min;
and screening to obtain the drying inner core with the particle size of 2-4 mm.
7. The preparation method of claim 5, wherein the liquid microbial inoculum contains bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, trichoderma and saccharomycetes, the ratio of viable bacteria of the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the trichoderma and the saccharomycetes in the liquid microbial inoculum is 0-3: 0-2: 0-1, and the viable bacteria of the bacillus licheniformis and the trichoderma are not 0; the powder microbial inoculum contains bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes, and the viable count ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the saccharomycetes in the powder microbial inoculum is 1: 2-4; the water content of the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer is 25-28 wt.%.
8. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the standing and drying in the step (4) are carried out in a porous packaging bag, and the standing and drying time is 1-3 months; the water content of the primary coated bio-organic fertilizer obtained by standing and drying is 22-25 wt%;
the coating time is 4-5 minutes; the mass concentration of the polyacrylamide solution is 98%, and the mass ratio of the polyacrylamide solution to the primary bio-organic fertilizer is 5-6: 1000; the mass ratio of the beneficial powder to the primary bio-organic fertilizer is 7-8: 1000.
9. The method according to claim 5, wherein the particle size of the raw material particles in the step (1) is less than or equal to 2 mm; the composting fermentation time is 150-180 days.
10. The method according to claim 5, wherein the granulating in the step (2) comprises disc granulating and drum granulating which are sequentially carried out; the time for granulating by the disc is 3-10 min; the particle size of the particles obtained by disc granulation is 0.2 mm-10 mm, and the water content is more than or equal to 70 wt.%; the roller granulation time is 3-5 min; the particle size of the granules obtained by roller granulation is 0.2-5 mm, and the water content is 60-70 wt.%.
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