CN107698301B - High-inorganic-nutrient-particle complete biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-inorganic-nutrient-particle complete biological organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107698301B CN107698301B CN201610982862.8A CN201610982862A CN107698301B CN 107698301 B CN107698301 B CN 107698301B CN 201610982862 A CN201610982862 A CN 201610982862A CN 107698301 B CN107698301 B CN 107698301B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
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- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
Abstract
The invention discloses a granular complete biological organic fertilizer with high inorganic nutrients and a preparation method thereof, wherein organic materials are decomposed cow dung 60.0-110.0%, urea 18.0-22.5%, monoammonium phosphate 10.0-16.0%, potassium sulfate 15.0-18.5%, calcium magnesium phosphate 1.0-5.0%, clay 0.0-5.0%, animal fat 0.3-0.5%, adhesive 0.5-1.0%, and microbial powder 0.1-1.0%, the high inorganic nutrients are separated from microorganisms by the animal fat, the adhesive with good viscosity and biocompatibility is used as an adsorbent of the microbial powder, and the adhesive provides certain nutrition for the growth and propagation of the microorganisms under proper conditions when applied to soil, thereby realizing the utilization of industrial wastes and recycling the microbial fertilizer with quick-acting inorganic nutrients, organic matters, long-acting effect, and biological microbial inoculum synergistic effect, the invention is easy to realize device production, and only needs to add an adhesive storage tank, a metering pump and a spray head on the organic and inorganic device, thereby having good application prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microbial fertilizers, and particularly relates to a granular complete biological organic fertilizer with high inorganic nutrients and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The fertilizer provides essential nutrient elements for the growth and development of crops, is the key for ensuring the yield increase and the harvest, and plays a role in ensuring the safety of food in China in a way of not being worn out. China is a big country for producing and using chemical fertilizers, the yield and the intensity of the chemical fertilizers are the largest in the world, and the utilization rate of the fertilizers is the lowest in the world and is only 25-35%. The long-term over-application and low-efficiency utilization of the fertilizer cause the soil structure to suffer serious damage, such as soil hardening, soil salinization, soil acidification, soil organic matter content reduction and the like, and finally cause the continuous reduction of the fertilizer utilization rate, the gradual reduction of the quality of agricultural products and the increasingly serious environmental pollution.
The microbial fertilizer is a novel fertilizer, through the life activity of microorganisms contained in the microbial fertilizer, the supply of plant nutrients is increased or the growth of plants is promoted, the yield is increased, the quality of agricultural products and the agricultural ecological environment (NY 1113-2006 microbial fertilizer term) are improved, and because the microorganisms in the microbial fertilizer can only play a role by living organisms, a large amount of inorganic nutrients cannot be added into the microbial fertilizer, because the microorganisms in contact with the inorganic fertilizer are directly influenced by high salt, high osmotic pressure, high nitrogen and acidity introduced by inorganic raw materials, the content of low inorganic nutrients in the microbial fertilizer is not enough to meet the current-season nutritional requirements of crops, and the requirement of stable yield of agriculture cannot be met due to too little use amount, the use of the microbial fertilizer is limited. The microbial fertilizer solid dosage form comprises powder and granules, the cost of the powdery microbial fertilizer is lower because granulation equipment is not required to be introduced, the process is simpler, most microbial fertilizers produced by microbial fertilizer factories are powder, but the preservation and the mechanized large-scale application of microorganisms are not facilitated due to the overlarge water content (20-30%) and the powder, and particularly under the conditions of overlarge water content and high inorganic nutrients (total nutrients are more than 15%, and the mass fraction of inorganic salts is more than 30%), because the microorganisms directly contact with the fertilizer, the microorganisms die greatly due to high salt and high osmotic pressure. The water content of the granular microbial fertilizer can be reduced to be below 20% or even lower due to the drying process, common microorganism adding modes of the granular microbial fertilizer are liquid mode and solid powder mode, wherein the liquid mode is mainly formed by spraying microorganism fermentation liquor on the surface of the granular fertilizer, and due to the fact that production enterprises are limited by fund and technology, common enterprises cannot guarantee the stability and purity of microorganism fermentation, the fermentation liquor is not resistant to storage, and the mixed bacteria are easy to pollute. Because microorganisms cannot endure high temperature for a long time, solid microbial powder is generally added in a coating process after a drying and cooling process, most production enterprises directly add the microbial powder on the surfaces of fertilizer particles through dusting powder during coating, the process is simple, but when the water content of the fertilizer particles is low (< 5%), because the surfaces of the fertilizer particles are too dry, and the coating oil is generally a hydrophobic compound, the microbial powder is difficult to adsorb on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles, and is easy to fall off from the surfaces of the fertilizer particles and settle at the bottom of a packaging bag in the processes of packaging, storage and transportation, so that the number of viable bacteria detected by sampling is reduced even not meeting the standard, and the problems of non-uniformity exist during application.
Therefore, the problem to be solved by the inventor is to design a high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the inorganic nutrients are isolated by an animal fat coating, and microbial powder is adsorbed on the surface of fertilizer particles by an adhesive coating, and the microbial powder and the fertilizer particles are isolated by two coating films and the moisture of the fertilizer is extremely low, so that the high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer and the preparation method thereof can ensure high activity of both high nutrients and microbial preservation in the microbial fertilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein animal fat and adhesive are adopted for double-layer coating, the content of inorganic nutrients, organic matters and total inorganic nutrients is high, the water content is extremely low, the survival rate of microorganisms is high, the complete biological organic fertilizer takes a high inorganic nutrient organic-inorganic compound fertilizer as a master batch inner core, hydrophobic animal fat, an adhesive coating and microbial bacteria powder are sequentially coated outside the inner core, the hydrophobic animal fat is used for coating outside the inner core to separate inorganic salts with high inorganic nutrients from the microorganisms and prevent the fertilizer from caking and moisture absorption, and the adhesive film layer is an adhesive layer to strongly adsorb the microbial bacteria powder on the surface of fertilizer particles, so that the falling of the microbial bacteria powder is prevented and the survival rate of the microorganisms is improved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 60.0-110.0 percent of organic material decomposed cow dung, 18.0-22.5 percent of urea, 10.0-16.0 percent of monoammonium phosphate, 15.0-18.5 percent of potassium sulfate, 1.0-5.0 percent of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.0-5.0 percent of clay, 0.3-0.5 percent of animal fat, 0.5-1.0 percent of adhesive and 0.1-1.0 percent of microbial powder.
Furthermore, the water content of the complete element biological organic fertilizer is 3.0-5.0%, the effective content is 30-40% by mass, the total inorganic nutrient is 20-30%, and the effective viable count is not less than 1.0 multiplied by 108CFU/g。
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a preparation method of a high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer comprises the steps of isolating high inorganic nutrients from microorganisms through animal fat, using an adhesive with good viscosity and biocompatibility as an adsorbent of microbial powder, applying the adhesive into soil for fertilizer, and providing certain nutrition for growth and propagation of the microorganisms under appropriate conditions, so that resource utilization of industrial wastes is realized, and wastes are changed into valuables.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
a) preparing organic and inorganic compound fertilizer master batches: the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer master batch is produced and granulated by adopting disc granulation, rotary drum granulation or other existing processes, and enters a coating process after being dried, screened and cooled. Except the traditional coating process which is followed by adding an adhesive coating and a fungus powder adding process, other processes are not changed.
b) And an animal fat coating process: animal fat in the animal fat melting tank is indirectly heated and melted by steam and then pumped into the coating roller by a metering oil pump, the upstream end of the roller is contacted, smeared and coated with a semi-finished product from a cooling process through a spray head, and the semi-finished product is rapidly cooled to form a uniform oil film layer on the surface of semi-finished product particles along with the rolling of the roller body to form a diaphragm, so that the fertilizer particles are prevented from absorbing moisture in the external environment and inorganic nutrients of fertilizer master batches are also prevented from being dissolved in an adhesive film layer to be coated.
c) And the coating process of the adhesive comprises the following steps: the adhesive in the storage tank is uniformly sprayed on the fertilizer particles coated by the animal fat through a metering pump at the middle end of the roller to form an adhesive film layer with viscosity.
d) And a fungus powder adding process: the fungus powder is delayed through powder spiral feeding unit and is carried to the diolame cylinder middle-end, because the rotatory fungus powder of cylinder adsorbs on the surface of fertilizer granule through the adhesive film layer, because fertilizer granule water content is minimum (3% ~ 5%), the adhesive film layer on fertilizer granule surface is rapid natural drying after adsorbing the fungus powder, and fungus powder adsorbs also can play the effect of anti-caking powder on fertilizer granule surface, effectively prevents the fertilizer granule caking.
e) And detecting and packaging: and measuring and packaging the finished product after the finished product is qualified by detection to obtain the high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer.
According to the preparation method, the decomposed cow dung serving as the organic material is cow dung, the municipal sludge and the crop straw are obtained by fermenting and decomposing the cow dung in a semi-permeable membrane covering mode, the organic matter content is 70% -80%, and the water content is 30% -40%.
The preparation method comprises the steps of taking the animal fat as one or a mixture of more of lard, tallow and mutton fat, taking the animal fat extracted from animal slaughter house wastes such as viscera, skin and the like as a main source, using the hydrophobicity of the waste animal fat as a coating material to achieve the purpose of recycling the wastes, wherein the melting temperature of the animal fat is 60-80 ℃.
According to the preparation method, the adhesive is one or a mixture of cane molasses, animal hair hydrolyzed amino acid liquid and slaughterhouse animal waste blood (added with sodium citrate for preventing coagulation), contains rich organic nutrient substances and inorganic nutrient elements, can be used for microorganisms to grow and reproduce in a proper environment, is strong in viscosity, and can enable microbial bacteria powder to be strongly adsorbed on the surface of fertilizer particles and not fall off due to the influence of mechanical external force.
In the preparation method, the microbial powder is common microbial powder of commercial microbial fertilizers, can be a single strain, and can also be a plurality of compound microbial powder which are not antagonistic to each other.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the complete biological organic fertilizer is a microbial fertilizer with quick inorganic nutrient effect, long organic matter effect and biological agent synergistic effect, and not only meets the inorganic nutrient required by normal physiological growth of crops in the season, but also achieves the effect of balanced fertilization; organic matter components in the complete element biological organic fertilizer can improve the soil quality, increase the organic matter content of the soil, loosen the soil, and improve the fertilizer retaining capacity and fertilizer supply capacity of the soil, microorganisms and organic matters contained in the complete element biological organic fertilizer can replace part of chemical fertilizers, so that the organic and inorganic microorganisms are combined, the use amount of the chemical fertilizers is reduced, the utilization rate of the fertilizers is improved, meanwhile, food sources are provided for the growth and the propagation of the microorganisms, and the biological activity of the soil is increased, so that the disease and insect resistance of crops is improved; the biological agent added into the complete element biological organic fertilizer can optimize the structure of soil microbial flora, increase the content of beneficial microorganisms and reduce the infection toxic action of harmful microorganisms and plant diseases and insect pests on crops. The all-element biological organic fertilizer is a particle sample, can meet the requirements of large-scale and mechanized application of modern agriculture, and compared with the traditional microbial fertilizer, the inorganic nutrient can reach 20-30%, and the water content can be reduced to 3-5%, so that the all-element biological organic fertilizer product has the characteristics of high inorganic nutrient, low water content and high survival rate of microorganisms; according to the invention, through carrying out twice coating processes and adhesive bacterium powder adsorption processes on fertilizer particles, the survival rate of microorganisms under the condition of high inorganic nutrients (the total nutrient is 20-30%, and the mass fraction of inorganic raw materials is more than 50%) can be ensured, so that the combination and mutual supplementation of organic and inorganic microorganisms are realized, and the requirements of reducing the use amount of a chemical fertilizer and improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer are met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of the effective viable cell count test in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, and the advantages and features of the invention will become apparent as the description proceeds. These examples are illustrative only and do not limit the scope of the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1
Example 1 preparation of a high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer by laboratory disc granulation
1. Pretreatment of raw materials
The organic material decomposed cow dung is cow dung, the municipal sludge and crop straws are obtained after fermentation and decomposition by adopting semi-permeable membrane covering type composting, inorganic raw materials, animal grease and adhesives are purchased from the market, various raw materials are respectively crushed and sieved, the microbial powder is bacterial powder prepared by spraying and drying bacillus amyloliquefaciens after liquid fermentation in a fermentation tank, and the effective viable count is 215 hundred million/g.
2. Metering and mixing
The complete element biological organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 175.0% of organic material decomposed cow dung, 22.5% of urea, 12.0% of monoammonium phosphate, 12.5% of potassium sulfate, 5.0% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 5.0% of clay, 0.35% of animal fat, 1.0% of adhesive and 1.0% of bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial powder. Weighing various powdery raw materials according to a formula and mixing uniformly.
3. Granulating
Adding the mixed material into a laboratory type disc granulator with the diameter of 1 meter according to the amount of about 5 kg per time, starting a power supply of the disc granulator, spraying tap water to the material by using a sprayer, and disconnecting the power supply of the disc granulator when the balling rate of fertilizer particles is basically stable, so that semi-finished fertilizer particles are obtained in the disc.
4. Air drying, screening and drying
And (3) placing the semi-finished product in a sunlight ventilation place for air drying until the semi-finished product particles are not adhered, screening the semi-finished product, and placing the screened granular fertilizer sample with the particle size of 2.00-4.75 mm in a 70 ℃ drying oven for 4-8 h until the water content of the sample is 3% -5%.
5. Twice coating
And (3) putting the animal fat in an oven at 70 ℃ until the animal fat is melted. The dried sample is not cooled, the sample is taken out from the oven and metered, then the animal oil is directly sprayed to the fertilizer particles by an injector according to the addition amount of the animal oil in the trial-manufacture formula, then the fertilizer particles are poured into the sample bag, and the sample bag is turned over and mixed back and forth to enable the surfaces of the fertilizer particles to be coated with a layer of animal oil film; after the sample is cooled to room temperature, spraying an adhesive to the sample in the bag according to the addition of 1%, so that a layer of adhesive film with viscosity is formed on the surface of the fertilizer particles.
6. Adding microbial powder
Adding 1% of the bacterial powder according to the addition amount of the bacterial powder in the formula, reversing and uniformly mixing to enable the bacterial powder to be adsorbed on the surfaces of the fertilizer particles, wherein the diameter of the finished product particles is 2.00-4.75 mm, and packaging to obtain the high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer (figure 1), wherein the technical indexes of the complete biological organic fertilizer are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 technical indexes of complete biological organic fertilizer products
| Effective viable count of hundred million/g | Organic matter | Total nitrogen | Total phosphorus pentoxide | Total potassium oxide | Total nutrient | Moisture content | pH |
| 1.98 | 42.53 | 10.10 | 4.06 | 5.93 | 20.09 | 4.10 | 6.50 |
Example 2
Example 2 preparation of high inorganic nutrient granule complete element biological organic fertilizer by drum granulation
1. Pretreatment of raw materials
The organic material decomposed cow dung is cow dung, the municipal sludge and crop straws are obtained after composting fermentation and decomposition by adopting a semi-permeable membrane covering mode, inorganic raw materials, animal grease and an adhesive are purchased from the market, various raw materials are respectively crushed and sieved, the microbial powder is bacillus amyloliquefaciens powder purchased from Shandong blue biotechnologies limited company, and the number of effective viable bacteria is 2000 hundred million/g.
2. Compounding and compounding
Various powdery raw materials and return materials are poured into a raw material bin, are sent into a raw material belt through a metering belt to be converged with system return materials from a belt conveyor, then are sent into a raw material conveying belt, and are sent into a granulator for granulation.
3. Granulating
The material in the granulator forms a mechanical fluidized bed by means of proper rotating speed, a certain amount of steam is introduced into the tumbling material bed to provide heat, moisture and liquid phase required by the granulated material, the raw material is agglomerated into granular cores under a certain liquid phase condition by means of extrusion force generated by the barrel during rotation in the granulator, the granular cores are continuously pressed along with the rotation of the barrel, powder and particles are continuously agglomerated on the surface, the size of the granular cores is continuously increased to form granules, and the granules are polished by a polishing area of the granulator and then enter a dryer for drying through an aging belt.
4. Drying by baking
And adjusting the temperature of the drying furnace according to the feeding amount and the feeding moisture, controlling the temperature in the drying machine to be 70-130 ℃, simultaneously meeting the requirement that the moisture of the finished product reaches the standard, and adjusting the temperature in the drying machine according to the moisture of the finished product (which can be estimated through hand feeling).
5. Cooling by sieving
Conveying the materials from the dryer to a drum screening machine through a screening lifter, and returning the fine powder from the first screening port and the large-grain materials from the third screening port to a mixing position through a material returning belt, wherein the large-grain materials are crushed by a material returning crusher and re-granulated; and the granular product from the second screening port enters a cooling process. And (4) starting a cooling belt discharging machine, a cooling induced draft fan and a cooling machine in sequence, and cooling the granular materials by the cooling machine.
6. Coating film
The lumpy animal oil in the animal oil melting tank is indirectly heated and melted by steam, and the melting temperature of the animal oil is controlled to be 60-80 ℃. The animal fat is pumped into the coating roller by a metering oil pump, contacts, coats and wraps the semi-finished product from the cooling process at the upstream end of the roller through a spray head, and is rapidly cooled along with the rolling of the roller body to form a uniform oil film layer on the surface of the semi-finished product particles to form a diaphragm. The adhesive in the storage tank is uniformly sprayed on the fertilizer particles coated by the animal fat through a metering pump at the middle end of the roller to form an adhesive film layer with viscosity. The bacterial powder is conveyed to the middle end of the coating roller in a delayed manner through the powder spiral feeding device, and the rotary bacterial powder of the roller is adsorbed on the surface of fertilizer particles through the adhesive film layer.
7. Package (I)
And (3) detecting that the finished product is qualified, weighing the finished product by an automatic packaging scale, then dropping the finished product into a packaging bag, manually folding the edge of the finished product, conveying the finished product to a bag sewing machine by a belt of a bag sewing conveyor, and sewing the qualified certificate of the printed production date and the packaging bag together to obtain the high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer.
Example 3
Example 3 effective viable count Change during storage of complete Bio-organic Fertilizer
In the example 1, the complete biological organic fertilizer produced by the disc granulator is sealed and stored at room temperature, the effective viable count of the complete biological organic fertilizer is tracked every month, and the effective viable count is determined by adopting a 5.1 plate counting method in NY/T2321-2013 microbial fertilizer product inspection regulations. The test results are shown in FIG. 2.
Test results show that the twice coating process and the adhesive bacterium adsorption powder process can ensure the survival rate of microorganisms under the condition of high inorganic nutrients (the total nutrients are 20-30%, and the mass fraction of inorganic raw materials is more than 50%), the effective viable count of the complete biological organic fertilizer is reduced to 1.74 hundred million/g from the initial value of 1.98 hundred million/g after being stored for 6 months, and the survival rate of the microorganisms is 87%; after 12 months of storage, the effective viable count of the complete biological organic fertilizer is reduced from 1.98 hundred million/g to 1.39 hundred million/g, and the survival rate of microorganisms is 70%. And the bad phenomena of caking, pulverization, mildewing and the like are not found during the storage of the complete element biological organic fertilizer, which shows that the twice coating process and the adhesive bacterium powder adsorption process of the complete element biological organic fertilizer have strong practicability.
Example 4
EXAMPLE 4 complete element biological organic fertilizer potted plant fertilizer efficiency test
1. Test time: 4 months-2015 and 7 months
2. Test site: test base of Hubei Zhonghua Oriental Fertilizer Co Ltd in Wuhan city of Hubei province
3. The test plants: cucumber (Jinshengda No. four)
4. And (3) experimental design:
the test adopts a pot experiment, soil below a soil layer of 20 cm in a vegetable garden is taken, various impurities, bricks and the like are removed, a soil sample is dried, is sieved by a 2 mm sieve and is then potted, 10 kg of soil is filled in each pot, and 500 g of the soil sample is reserved for detecting initial data of the soil sample. The specification of the test basin is that the diameter of the basin mouth is 30 cm, the diameter of the basin bottom is 25 cm, and the height is 45 cm.
The experiment was set up for 4 treatments in three replicates.
Treatment 1: no fertilizer application (CK);
and (3) treatment 2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) adding a full-element biological organic fertilizer and a reduced compound fertilizer, namely 5 g of the full-element biological organic fertilizer and 5 g of the compound fertilizer with neutralization 15-15-15;
and (3) treatment: matrix and decrement compound fertilizer, namely 5 g of matrix and 5 g of compound fertilizer of neutralization 15-15-15, wherein the matrix is the matrix after the tested complete-element bio-organic fertilizer is subjected to microwave sterilization treatment and random sampling for sterile test to confirm that the sample meets the sterilization requirement;
and (4) treatment: 10 g of compound fertilizer for neutralizing 15-15-15 g.
According to the test treatment, the treatments are used as base fertilizers and applied to basins, the base fertilizers are numbered and marked, and after the base fertilizers are uniformly mixed, the base fertilizers are thoroughly poured. Uniformly culturing cucumber seedlings, and selecting seedlings with the same growth vigor to transplant into a basin when 2 leaves and 1 heart of the cucumber seedlings are needed.
5. And (3) potting management: all experimental treatments are the same except that the base fertilizer is applied differently, and meanwhile, the same amount of foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the flowering and fruiting period according to the growth needs of the cucumbers. In addition, management in aspects of watering, disinsection and the like is well done.
6. Agricultural character and production quality survey: recording the flowering period and fruiting period of the cucumber, counting the fresh weight of the next picked cucumber, counting the biomass of the overground part of the cucumber after the cucumber is counted, and analyzing the nutrient index of the soil sample by adopting the soil sample.
Table 2 test results of single-fruit investigation of each treated cucumber
As can be seen from Table 2, the average single fruit weight of the treatment 1 is 114.9 g, which is much lower than the single fruit weights of the treatments 2, 3 and 4, and has very significant difference, while the difference among the single fruit weights of the treatments 2, 3 and 4 is not significant, which indicates that the application of the complete biological organic fertilizer plus the reduced fertilization, the matrix fertilization plus the reduced compound fertilizer has the same effect on the single fruit weight of the cucumber as the application of the compound fertilizer.
Table 3 statistical results of the cucumber yields of the treatments tested
As can be seen from Table 3, the biomass of the overground part of the cucumber and the yield of the cucumber treated in the step 1 are both significantly lower than those treated in the steps 2, 3 and 4, and the yield is reduced by 309.1-311.8 g, while the biomass and yield difference of the cucumber plant between the steps 2, 3 and 4 is not obvious, which indicates that the yield of the cucumber is not affected by applying the complete biological organic fertilizer and the reduced fertilizer.
Table 4 test soil sample nutrient index
As can be seen from Table 4, treatment 1, which was not fertilized, had less available soil nutrients than before the test, whereas treatments 2, 3 and 4 had different increases in nutrients than before the test, with treatment 2 having increased total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium, treatment 3 and treatment 4 having increased available phosphorus and available potassium, and with total nitrogen content much lower than before the test. This may be related to the rapid availability of the rapid-acting nitrogen fertilizer to the plant. And the treatment 2 contains rich organic matters and a certain amount of active bacteria, so that the loss of the nitrogen fertilizer can be reduced to a certain degree, and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is improved.
7. Conclusion
Under the condition of matching with decrement fertilization, compared with the condition of applying a full amount of compound fertilizer, the single fruit and the yield of the cucumber are not influenced. The application of the complete-element bio-organic fertilizer can achieve the aim of reducing the application of the fertilizer and meet the demand of reduced fertilization being promoted in China.
Example 5
Example 5 complete element biological organic fertilizer field fertilizer efficiency test
1. Test time: 2016-2-2016-5-month
2. Test site: hubei province Wuhan city Jiang summer Zhou Bay farm greenhouse
3. The test plants: cucumber (Jinshengda No. four)
4. And (3) experimental design:
the test adopts a greenhouse field test, the soil is finely leveled after deep ploughing, 40 furrows with the width of 1.2 m are made, and the leeks are planted in 2 furrows at two ends. The rest plots are used as test lands.
The experiment was set up with 4 treatments, 9 plots per treatment, arranged in random blocks.
Treatment 1: no fertilizer application (CK);
and (3) treatment 2: the method comprises the following steps of (1) adding a full-element biological organic fertilizer and a reduced compound fertilizer, namely 40 kg of the full-element biological organic fertilizer and 40 kg of the compound fertilizer with neutralization 15-15-15;
and (3) treatment: matrix and decrement compound fertilizer, namely 40 kg of matrix and 40 kg of compound fertilizer of neutralization 15-15-15, wherein the matrix is the matrix after the tested complete-element bio-organic fertilizer is subjected to microwave sterilization treatment and random sampling for sterile test to confirm that the sample meets the sterilization requirement;
and (4) treatment: 80 kg of compound fertilizer for neutralizing 15-15-15.
All test treatments are applied to the soil in the form of base fertilizer, ploughed uniformly and marked.
And uniformly culturing cucumber seedlings in a nutrition pot, and selecting seedlings with the same growth vigor to transplant into the ridge surface when 2 leaves and 1 heart of the cucumber seedlings are planted.
5. Field management: all experimental treatments are the same except that the base fertilizer is applied differently, meanwhile, according to the growth needs of the cucumbers, a boron fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the bud period, an amino acid water-soluble fertilizer and a macroelement water-soluble fertilizer are sprayed on the leaf surfaces in the flowering and fruiting period, and management in the aspects of watering, pest and disease prevention and the like is well performed.
6. Agricultural character and production quality survey: recording the flowering period and fruiting period of the cucumber, counting the fresh weight of the next picked cucumber, counting the biomass of the overground part of the cucumber after the cucumber is counted, and analyzing the nutrient index of the soil sample by adopting the soil sample.
TABLE 5 investigation results of the individual fruit weight and yield of each treated cucumber
As can be seen from Table 5, the average fruit weight and yield of treatment 1 are respectively 131.6 g and 285.4 kg, which are much lower than those of treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 4, and the fruit weights and yields of treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 4 are all not obvious, which indicates that the application of the complete bio-organic fertilizer + reduced fertilization, matrix fertilization + reduced compound fertilizer has the same effect on the fruit weight of cucumber as the application of the compound fertilizer.
Table 6 test of soil nutrient index of each treatment
As can be seen from Table 6, treatment 1, which was not fertilized, had lower soil available nutrients than before the test, whereas treatments 2, 3 and 4 had different increases in nutrients than before the test, with increases in available phosphorus and available potassium for treatments 2, 3 and 4. This may be related to the rapid availability of the rapid-acting nitrogen fertilizer to the plant.
7. Conclusion
Under the condition of matching with decrement fertilization, compared with the condition of applying a full amount of compound fertilizer, the single fruit and the yield of the cucumber are not influenced. The application of the complete-element bio-organic fertilizer can achieve the aim of reducing the application of the fertilizer and meet the demand of reduced fertilization being promoted in China.
The above description is only exemplary of the best mode of the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, and improvements made within the spirit and scope of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A preparation method of a complete biological organic fertilizer with high inorganic nutrient particles is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:
a) preparing organic and inorganic compound fertilizer master batches: the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer master batch is produced and granulated by adopting a disc granulation process, a rotary drum granulation process or other existing processes, and enters a coating process after being dried, screened and cooled, and other processes are unchanged except for the processes of adding an adhesive coating and adding bacterial powder after the traditional coating process;
b) and an animal fat coating process: the animal fat in the animal fat melting tank is indirectly heated and melted by steam and then pumped into the coating roller by a metering oil pump, the upstream end of the roller is contacted, smeared and wrapped with a semi-finished product from a cooling process through a spray head, and a uniform oil film layer is formed on the surface of the semi-finished product particles by rapid cooling along with the rolling of the roller body to form a diaphragm;
c) and the coating process of the adhesive comprises the following steps: an adhesive in the storage tank is uniformly sprayed on the fertilizer particles coated with the animal grease at the middle end of the roller through a metering pump to form an adhesive film layer with viscosity, wherein the adhesive is one or a mixture of more of cane molasses, animal hair hydrolyzed amino acid liquid and slaughter house animal waste blood added with sodium citrate for preventing coagulation;
d) and a fungus powder adding process: the bacterial powder is conveyed to the middle end of the coating roller in a delayed manner through the powder spiral feeding device, and the rotary bacterial powder of the roller is adsorbed on the surface of fertilizer particles through the adhesive film layer;
e) and detecting and packaging: and measuring and packaging the finished product after the finished product is qualified by detection to obtain the high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer.
2. The preparation method of the high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the organic material in the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer master batch is decomposed cow dung which is obtained by fermenting cow dung, municipal sludge and crop straws through semi-permeable membrane covering composting, wherein the organic content is 70-80%, and the water content is 30-40%.
3. The preparation method of the high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the animal fat is one or a mixture of more of lard, tallow and mutton fat, the main source of the animal fat is the animal fat extracted from animal slaughter house wastes such as viscera, skin and the like, and the melting temperature of the animal fat is 60-80 ℃.
4. The preparation method of the high inorganic nutrient particle complete biological organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the microbial powder is common microbial powder of commercial microbial fertilizers, can be a single strain, and can also be a plurality of compound microbial powder which are not antagonistic to each other.
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| CN108440108A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-08-24 | 山东万豪肥业有限公司 | A kind of multielement vegetables microbial manure and preparation method thereof |
| CN108314549A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2018-07-24 | 山东万豪肥业有限公司 | A kind of organic slow-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof of improvement soil |
| CN112415033B (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2023-09-08 | 江西科技师范大学 | Application of double-conductive aluminum foil adhesive tape |
| CN113336592A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-09-03 | 山东百沃生物科技有限公司 | Preparation process of granular microbial inoculum |
| CN113372171A (en) * | 2021-06-21 | 2021-09-10 | 华强化工集团股份有限公司 | Full-element bio-organic fertilizer for corn and preparation method thereof |
| CN114656293A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-06-24 | 湖北佳玛驰生态农业有限公司 | Method for improving survival rate of microorganisms in high inorganic nutrient fertilizer |
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| CN102976841A (en) * | 2011-09-06 | 2013-03-20 | 重庆市万植巨丰生态肥业有限公司 | Method for producing composite microbial fertilizer by using coating technology |
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