CN112759484A - Special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for shrimp and rice and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for shrimp and rice and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112759484A CN112759484A CN202011623651.8A CN202011623651A CN112759484A CN 112759484 A CN112759484 A CN 112759484A CN 202011623651 A CN202011623651 A CN 202011623651A CN 112759484 A CN112759484 A CN 112759484A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for shrimp and rice, which comprises urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, humic acid and fermented and decomposed materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: crushing the rapeseed cakes, plant ash and plant straws, adding a microbial agent, uniformly mixing, and performing stack retting fermentation to obtain a fermented and decomposed material; adding the fermented and decomposed materials, urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and humic acid into a stirrer, uniformly mixing and crushing, and performing granulation, drying, screening and packaging to obtain the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for shrimp and rice. According to the invention, the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer are combined, the economic benefit under the shrimp and rice co-culture mode is effectively improved through scientific proportioning of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer, the inorganic nutrients meet the growth requirements of plants such as rice, aquatic plants and the like, the organic nutrients achieve the effects of improving soil and fertilizing water, CaO promotes the growth of lobsters, and SiO2Improving the quality of rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fertilizers, and particularly relates to an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for shrimp and rice and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The 'shrimp and rice co-farming' is a three-dimensional ecological planting and breeding mode, namely crayfishes are bred while rice is planted in a rice field, and the crayfishes and the rice grow together in the rice field. The 'shrimp and rice crop' medium shrimp does not compete with grains for land and can also mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers.
However, the fertilizers adopted in the existing 'shrimp and rice co-farming' mode mainly comprise conventional compound fertilizers and organic fertilizers, wherein the compound fertilizers have no obvious promotion effect on the growth of the lobsters, and the conditions of soil hardening, excessive water body nutrients, over-fertilizer water quality, slightly acidic water pH and the like can be caused after long-term use, so that the growth of the rice and the lobsters is not facilitated; the nutrient content of the organic fertilizer is not enough for the growth of rice, the fertilizer efficiency is slow, and the decomposition process of the organic fertilizer consumes more oxygen in water, so that the lobster growth is not facilitated. Therefore, the fertilizers adopted in the current 'shrimp and rice co-culture' mode cannot simultaneously meet the co-growth of rice and lobsters.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects and shortcomings in the background technology and provides the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for the shrimp and rice and the preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for shrimp and rice comprises the following components in parts by mass:
the humic acid is obtained by hydrolyzing various active substances, is a complex organic matter formed by long-term physical, chemical and biological actions of animals and plants, and has the functions of improving soil, enhancing fertilizer efficiency, stimulating growth and improving quality. The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is alkalescent, and the pH of the water body is adjusted according to the characteristics of the alkalescent fertilizer, so that the pH of the water body is alkaline, and a water body environment suitable for the growth of lobsters is created.
Preferably, the fermented and decomposed material is obtained by fermenting the rapeseed cakes, the plant ash, the plant straws and the microbial agent in a mass ratio of (40-50): (30-40): (10-20): 0.1-0.2 through a high-temperature aerobic fermentation process.
Preferably, the microbial agent is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass of 1 (1-2) to 1 (1-2): (1-2) a mixed microbial inoculum consisting of Photosynthetic Bacteria (Photosyntetic Bacteria), lactic acid Bacteria (Lactobacillus), Yeast (Yeast), Actinomycetes (Actinomycetes) and acetobacter (Acetobacter Balch).
Preferably, the compound fertilizer contains 30-45% of total nutrients, wherein the compound fertilizer contains 15-20% of inorganic nitrogen, 5-10% of inorganic phosphorus, 10-15% of inorganic potassium, less than or equal to 15% of chloride ions, less than or equal to 12% of water, pH 7.0-8.0, 5-10% of humic acid, 15-20% of organic matters, 2-3% of CaO, SiO 22 2～3％。
As a general inventive concept, the present invention also provides a preparation method of the above compound fertilizer, comprising the steps of:
(1) crushing the rapeseed cakes, plant ash and plant straws, adding a microbial agent, uniformly mixing, and performing stack retting fermentation to obtain a fermented and decomposed material;
(2) adding the fermented and decomposed materials, urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and humic acid into a stirrer, uniformly mixing and crushing, and performing granulation, drying, screening and packaging to obtain the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for shrimp and rice.
Preferably, in the step (1), the stack retting fermentation is performed by: transferring the materials to a warm shed for stacking fermentation, fermenting by adopting a high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank, transferring the materials to a secondary aging field after fermentation is finished, stacking and aging, and reducing the water content of the materials to be below 30%.
In the preparation method, preferably, the process conditions of the high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank include: controlling the height of the compost to be 50-80 cm, the width to be 500-600 cm, and controlling the highest fermentation temperature to be 55-60 ℃; and when the fermentation temperature reaches the maximum fermentation temperature, starting the turner to automatically turn over.
In the preparation method, preferably, the fermentation period of the high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank is 30 days, and the material is turned and thrown for 4-5 times in the fermentation period.
In the preparation method, preferably, in the step (2), the drying is carried out at 50-55 ℃ for 30-35 min; and (4) screening to control the particle size of the fertilizer to be 1-4 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the invention, the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer are combined, the economic benefit under the shrimp and rice co-culture mode is effectively improved through scientific proportioning of the organic fertilizer and the inorganic fertilizer, the inorganic nutrients meet the growth requirements of plants such as rice, aquatic plants and the like, the organic nutrients achieve the effects of improving soil and fertilizing water, CaO promotes the growth of lobsters, and SiO2Improving the quality of rice.
(2) The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the pH value is controlled within the range of 7.0-8.0, and an alkaline water body is a good environment suitable for the growth of lobsters and can promote the growth of the lobsters.
(3) The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is rich in humic acid, which can promote the growth of plant roots, enhance the activity of the roots, promote the increase and the extension of secondary roots, ensure that nutrients in soil can be comprehensively and quickly absorbed, and provide sufficient nutrition guarantee for the early-stage rooting and growth of rice; meanwhile, humic acid can enhance the stress resistance of the rice, has a stimulation effect on the rice and is mainly reflected in the increase of the respiratory strength, the increase of the photosynthesis and the enhancement of the activities of various enzymes, so that the rice grows vigorously and branches and stems are strong.
(4) The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer is rich in element calcium, and the calcium is an indispensable important component for a shrimp-rice co-culture mode. The change of the growth form of lobsters, the development of organs, the regeneration of amputated limbs and the like are all completed through molting and molting. During the molting and shelling processes of lobsters, calcium is the key, and calcium is an essential component of the shells of the crayfishes. When the calcium content in the crayfish is satisfied, the shelling speed, the shelling success rate and the size of an individual after shelling are increased, the disease resistance of the crayfish is improved, the immunity of the crayfish is enhanced, diseases are reduced, and the quality and the anti-invasion capacity are improved; meanwhile, the calcium content of the water body can be increased, the propagation and growth of algae are effectively promoted, the water quality meets the requirements of being fat, active, fresh and tender, and a natural oxygen production source and natural anti-stress protection are provided for the culture water body and culture varieties.
(5) The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer contains element silicon, the silicon fertilizer is beneficial to improving the photosynthesis of rice, and after the rice absorbs the silicon, silicified cells are formed to enhance the cell wall strength, so that the mechanical tissue of the plant is developed, the plant is tall and straight, and the stem and leaves are upright; the growth and development of the rice are promoted, and the disease resistance and lodging resistance of the rice are enhanced; the silicon is beneficial to activating phosphorus in soil and improving the utilization rate of a rice phosphate fertilizer, can reduce the fixation of the phosphate fertilizer in the soil, and simultaneously activates the phosphorus in the soil and promotes the phosphorus to run in a rice body, thereby improving the utilization rate of the phosphate fertilizer and the maturing rate of the rice; the silicon has the effects of improving soil and the like, can prevent heavy metal, hydrogen sulfide and methane from polluting and poisoning, can promote the decomposition of organic fertilizer and inhibit the occurrence of soil diseases and insect pests.
(6) The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer has high fertilizer utilization rate, reduces pollution waste, improves soil and water environment and realizes clean production.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully and in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments below.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms of art used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specifically stated, various raw materials, reagents, instruments, equipment and the like used in the present invention are commercially available or can be prepared by existing methods.
Example 1:
the invention relates to an organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for shrimp and rice, which is prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparing a fermented and decomposed material: 425kg of rapeseed cakes, 375kg of plant ash and 175kg of plant straws are weighed, crushed, added with 1.5kg of fermentation microbial agents (containing a composite microbial agent consisting of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and bacillus aceticus in a mass ratio of 1:1:1:1: 1), mixed uniformly, added with water while mixing, controlled at 50-60%, and added with the plant ash to adjust the pH value of the material, the pH value is controlled at 6-8, and then the mixture is sent into a high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank for composting fermentation, wherein the process conditions of the fermentation of the high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank comprise: controlling the height of the compost to be 50-80 cm, the width to be 500-600 cm, and controlling the highest fermentation temperature to be 55-60 ℃; and when the central fermentation temperature reaches the highest fermentation temperature, starting a turner to automatically turn and throw, wherein the fermentation period is 30 days, turning and throwing for 5 times in the fermentation period, deodorizing after the temperature of the fermented material is reduced to normal temperature, transferring the material to a secondary aging field, stacking and aging, and reducing the water content of the material to 30% through evaporation of the material to obtain the fermented and decomposed material.
(2) 200kg of fermented and decomposed materials, 260kg of urea, 160kg of monoammonium phosphate, 160kg of potassium chloride, 50kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 70kg of humic acid are added into a stirrer, uniformly mixed and crushed, granulated, dried (at 55 ℃ for 35min), sieved (the particle size is controlled to be 1-4 mm), and packaged to obtain the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for shrimp and rice.
The total nutrient of the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for shrimp and rice prepared by the embodiment is not less than 35%, wherein the total nutrient is inorganic nitrogen 17%, inorganic phosphorus 8%, inorganic potassium 10%, chloride ion is not more than 15%, water is not more than 12%, pH is 7.0-8.0, humic acid is 5%, organic matter 15%, CaO 2%, and SiO 2%2 2％。
The organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for shrimp and rice prepared in the embodiment is tested in a shrimp and rice co-cultivation rice field, and the specific test conditions are as follows:
(1) general description of the test site
The test was conducted in Hunan county, Yueyang City, Hunan province.
(2) Design of experiments
Adopting a field plot contrast test, and setting 3 treatments in the test:
example (b): the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer special for shrimp and rice provided by the invention has the dosage of 50kg per mu;
control group 1: the common fertilizer with the same nutrients as the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for shrimp and rice has the advantages that N: p2O5：K2O17: 8: 10, the organic matter is more than or equal to 15 percent, and the dosage per mu is 50 kg;
control group 2: the blank test was not fertilized.
The fertilization types of all treatment rooms are different, and other field operations are consistent.
(3) The field effect (see table 1)
TABLE 1 Rice yield and Lobster yield in the Haw-Rice Co-cropping season
Wherein the rice yield is the early rice yield, and the time for the lobsters to appear on the market is the time when the weight of the lobsters is 25-35 g and the harvesting amount of the lobsters per mu reaches 25 kg; the lobster yield is the total weight harvested in batches starting in 5 months and harvesting early rice.
The statistical results in table 1 show that the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for shrimp and rice designed by the invention is obviously better than the common fertilizer and has better economic benefit.
Compared with the control group 1 and the control group 2, the fertilizer applied in the embodiment of the invention contains 5% of humic acid and 2% of SiO2And the rice yield is improved.
Compared with the control group 1 and the control group 2, the fertilizer applied in the embodiment of the invention contains 2% of CaO, so that the ecdysis and the crust of the lobsters are promoted to a certain extent, the disease resistance of the lobsters is improved, the time of the lobsters appearing on the market is earlier, and the yield is increased.
In conclusion, the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for shrimp and rice provided by the invention is compounded with organic nutrients, humic acid, CaO and SiO on the basis of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium inorganic nutrients2The lobster feed can promote the exuviation and the crust of the lobsters and improve the disease resistance of the lobsters while improving the yield of rice, and achieves the aims of promoting the lobsters to appear on the market in advance and increasing the yield and income.
Claims (9)
1. The special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for shrimp and rice is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by mass:
2. the compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fermented decomposed material is obtained by fermenting rapeseed cakes, plant ash, plant straws and microbial agents in a mass ratio of (40-50): (30-40): (10-20): (0.1-0.2) through a high-temperature aerobic fermentation process.
3. The compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the microbial agent is prepared from (1) - (2) by mass: (1-2) a mixed microbial inoculum consisting of Photosynthetic Bacteria (Photosyntetic Bacteria), lactic acid Bacteria (Lactobacillus), Yeast (Yeast), Actinomycetes (Actinomycetes) and acetobacter (Acetobacter Balch).
4. The compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the compound fertilizer contains 30 to 45% of total nutrients, wherein the total nutrients include 15 to 20% of inorganic nitrogen, 5 to 10% of inorganic phosphorus, 10 to 15% of inorganic potassium, 15% or less of chloride ions, 12% or less of water, pH 7.0 to 8.0, 5 to 10% of humic acid, 15 to 20% of organic matter, 2 to 3% of CaO, and SiO 22 2～3％。
5. A method for preparing a compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of:
(1) crushing the rapeseed cakes, plant ash and plant straws, adding a microbial agent, uniformly mixing, and performing stack retting fermentation to obtain a fermented and decomposed material;
(2) adding the fermented and decomposed materials, urea, monoammonium phosphate, potassium chloride, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and humic acid into a stirrer, uniformly mixing and crushing, and performing granulation, drying, screening and packaging to obtain the special organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for shrimp and rice.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step (1), the retting fermentation is performed by: and (3) transferring the materials to a warm fermentation shed for stacking, fermenting by adopting a high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank, transferring the materials to a secondary aging field for stacking and aging after the fermentation is finished, and reducing the water content of the materials to be below 30%.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the process conditions of the fermentation in the thermophilic aerobic fermentation tank include: controlling the height of the compost to be 50-80 cm, the width to be 500-600 cm, and controlling the highest fermentation temperature to be 55-60 ℃; and when the fermentation temperature reaches the maximum fermentation temperature, starting the turner to automatically turn over.
8. The preparation method of claim 6, wherein the fermentation period of the high-temperature aerobic fermentation tank is 30 days, and the material is turned and thrown 4-5 times in the fermentation period.
9. The method according to any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein in the step (2), the drying is performed at 50 ℃ to 55 ℃ for 30 to 35 min; and (4) screening to control the particle size of the fertilizer to be 1-4 mm.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112374936A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2021-02-19 | 湖南金叶众望科技股份有限公司 | Rice-duck symbiotic composite microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN112707755A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-04-27 | 湖南农业大学 | Compound fertilizer suitable for shrimp-raising rice field and preparation method thereof |
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| CN111995464A (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2020-11-27 | 肥城中持十方生物能源有限公司 | Preparation method of compound microbial fertilizer suitable for crayfish breeding |
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| CN112707755A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-04-27 | 湖南农业大学 | Compound fertilizer suitable for shrimp-raising rice field and preparation method thereof |
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