CN111960816A - 一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺 - Google Patents

一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺 Download PDF

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CN111960816A
CN111960816A CN202010880501.9A CN202010880501A CN111960816A CN 111960816 A CN111960816 A CN 111960816A CN 202010880501 A CN202010880501 A CN 202010880501A CN 111960816 A CN111960816 A CN 111960816A
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permanent magnetic
magnetic ferrite
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silicon carbide
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CN111960816B (zh
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唐睿
李斌
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Anhui Wanci Electronics Co ltd
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Anhui One Magnet Electronic Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺,工艺中添加了由多孔碳化硅和碳酸锶按照1∶2‑2.5的重量比混合而成的混合填料A来代替活性碳酸锶,称取永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料,控制一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料的重量比为3∶2,制得混合料B;称取如下重量份配方料:1‑3份三氧化二钴,1‑2份二氧化硅,2‑5份氧化镧;烧结过程中聚四氟乙烯分解,孔洞裸露,一方面在烧结时增大碳化硅的比表面积,增大其吸附性能,使其与其他填料紧密结合,增强永磁铁氧体的稳定性,另一方面提高了制得的永磁铁氧体使用的温度区间,赋予其更宽广的应用范围。

Description

一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺
技术领域
本发明属于永磁铁氧体技术领域,具体为一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺。
背景技术
目前高性能的烧结永磁铁氧体磁铁应用愈加广泛,特别是随着智能机器、汽车电机转子的小型化和轻重量发展,及变频压缩机磁铁的铁氧体化(由钕铁硼转为铁氧体)都需要用高性能的烧结永磁铁氧体磁铁。
近年来,关于高性能烧结永磁铁氧体磁铁的发展研究已提出:在锶铁氧体中,用镧等稀土元素置换锶的一部分、用钴置换铁的一部分的锶镧钴铁氧体,可以使剩余磁感应强度和内禀矫顽力提高。另外,还有研究已提出:与锶铁氧体的情况同样地,在钙铁氧体中也用镧置换钙的一部分、用钴置换铁的一部分而生成钙镧钴铁氧体,由于钙铁氧体的镧钴替换量更高,由此可获得更高的剩余磁感应强度和内禀矫顽力。
中国发明专利CN107056270A公开了一种六角晶型烧结永磁铁氧体磁体及其制备方法,属于永磁铁氧体磁铁领域。该发明的六角晶型烧结永磁铁氧体磁体其组成式用A2 + 1-x-yB1+ yLa3+ xFe3+ n-zCo2+zO2- 19表示,A为二价碱土金属钙、锶、钡中的至少一种,B为一价碱金属锂、钠、钾中的至少一种,x、y、z、n为各元素的添加比例,其中x为0.24-0.45,y为0.03-0.10,z为0.20-0.33,n为10.0-12.0,且1.1z≤x≤1.8z,y+z≤x。其制备方法包括配料混合、预烧、粗粉碎、球磨、成型、烧结等工序。
发明内容
本发明提供一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺。
本发明将烧结制得的碳化硅初料在氢氧化钠溶液中超声清洗去除表面的的污染物,之后置于10%的聚四氟乙烯溶液中浸泡4h,部分聚四氟乙烯对孔洞进行填充,在通过其制备永磁铁氧体时,烧结过程中聚四氟乙烯分解,孔洞裸露,一方面在烧结时增大碳化硅的比表面积,增大其吸附性能,使其与其他填料紧密结合,增强永磁铁氧体的稳定性,另一方面提高了制得的永磁铁氧体使用的温度区间,赋予其更宽广的应用范围。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺,工艺中添加了由多孔碳化硅和碳酸锶按照1∶2-2.5的重量比混合而成的混合填料A来代替活性碳酸锶,具体步骤如下所示:
第一步、称取永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料,控制一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料的重量比为3∶2,制得混合料B;
第二步、称取如下重量份配方料:1-3份三氧化二钴,1-2份二氧化硅,2-5份氧化镧;
第三步、将混合料B、混合填料A、二氧化硅、三氧化二钴和氧化镧依次加入球磨机中,加入水通过氧化铝球磨珠球磨至粒径小于0.5μm,控制水的用量为混合料B、混合填料A和二氧化硅重量和的1.2-1.5倍,制得浆料;
第四步、将第三步制得的浆料在100-110℃下干燥4h,制得磁粉,粉碎加入高速分散机中分散,控制分散转速为3000r/min,分散时间为3-5min,之后向分散后的磁粉中加入添加剂和水,制得混合料C,在转速为450-480r/min的混炼机中混炼均匀;
第五步、将混合料C在磁场下成型,控制磁场强度大于12000Gs,制得坯料,将制得的坯料加入马弗炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至350-400℃,在此温度下保温5h进行脱碳处理,之后转移至电阻炉中进行烧结,控制烧结温度为1100-1200℃,烧结时间为4h,制得永磁铁氧体。
进一步地,所述永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料为一种含有A、R、T和Fe为主相的六角晶M型永磁铁氧体,并具有A1-xRxFe3+ 2n-yTyO19的分子式特征,其中A代表Ba和Ca中的一种元素,R代表稀土元素La,T代表Mn和Zn中的一种元素,其中0.1<x<0.3,0.03<y<0.15,5.5<n<5.8,所述永磁铁氧体回收料为回收的废磁体,分子式特征同永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料。
进一步地,第四步中添加剂为有机添加剂和无机添加剂按照1∶2的重量比混合而成,所述有机添加剂为葡萄糖酸钙和硬脂酸钙中的一种或两种按任意比例混合,所述无机添加剂为二氧化硅和氧化铝中的一种或两种按任意比例混合。
进一步地,第三步中混合填料A的用量为混合料B重量的0.2%-0.4%,二氧化硅的用量为混合料B的重量的1%-2%,第四步中控制添加剂的用量为磁粉重量的0.1%-0.2%,水的用量为混合料C重量的20%-25%。
进一步地,所述多孔碳化硅由如下方法制成:
步骤S1、将碳化硅、烧结助剂和糊精按照15∶3∶1的重量比混合均匀,制得混合粉料D,加入石油焦粉,控制石油焦粉的用量为混合粉料D重量的10%,混合均匀后加入球磨机中,加入无水乙醇并使用氧化铝磨球进行球磨,控制氧化铝磨球与混合粉料D的球料比1∶3-5,湿磨20-30h,控制球磨转速为450-500r/min,过500目筛,陈化12h,制得预混料;
步骤S2、将预混料加入坩埚中,喷入去离子水并搅拌30min,之后转移至模具中,在45-50MPa的压力下进行压样,保压1min,卸压、开模,制得素坯,之后将素坯在45-50℃下干燥20h,升温,分别在60℃、80℃、100℃和120℃下干燥4h,干燥结束后转移至烧结炉中进行烧结,控制烧结炉中的升温速率为10℃/min,分别在500℃、600℃和800℃下烧结4h,制得碳化硅初料;
步骤S3、将碳化硅初料置于质量分数10%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声清洗10min,之后分别用去离子水和无水乙醇超声清洗3次,清洗结束后加入质量分数为10%的聚四氟乙烯溶液中浸泡4h,取出,在35-40℃下干燥12h,之后转移至干燥炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至250-280℃,在此温度下保温2h,制得多孔碳化硅。
步骤S1中将碳化硅、烧结助剂和糊精混合均匀制得混合粉料D,之后加入石油焦粉进行球磨,陈化,制得预混料,其中石油焦粉作为开孔剂,加入糊精是为了提升烧结后碳化硅初料的力学强度,步骤S2中先压制成素坯,之后干燥、烧结,制得碳化硅初料,控制800℃的烧结时间为4h,防止烧结时间过长发生剧烈的氧化反应生成二氧化硅包覆层,烧结过程中烧结助剂能够均匀地覆盖在碳化硅颗粒表面,使得碳化硅颗粒间能够稳定地结合,石油焦粉作为开孔剂在烧结时离开基体,形成孔隙,步骤S3中将烧结制得的碳化硅初料在氢氧化钠溶液中超声清洗去除表面的的污染物,之后置于10%的聚四氟乙烯溶液中浸泡4h,部分聚四氟乙烯对孔洞进行填充,在通过其制备永磁铁氧体时,烧结过程中聚四氟乙烯分解,孔洞裸露,一方面在烧结时增大碳化硅的比表面积,增大其吸附性能,使其与其他填料紧密结合,增强永磁铁氧体的稳定性,另一方面提高了制得的永磁铁氧体使用的温度区间,赋予其更宽广的应用范围。
进一步地,步骤S1中烧结助剂为二氧化硅和氧化铝按照1∶1的重量比混合而成。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺,工艺中添加了由多孔碳化硅和碳酸锶按照1∶2-2.5的重量比混合而成的混合填料A来代替活性碳酸锶,其中多孔碳化硅在制备过程中步骤S1中将碳化硅、烧结助剂和糊精混合均匀制得混合粉料D,之后加入石油焦粉进行球磨,陈化,制得预混料,其中石油焦粉作为开孔剂,加入糊精是为了提升烧结后碳化硅初料的力学强度,步骤S2中先压制成素坯,之后干燥、烧结,制得碳化硅初料,控制800℃的烧结时间为4h,防止烧结时间过长发生剧烈的氧化反应生成二氧化硅包覆层,烧结过程中烧结助剂能够均匀地覆盖在碳化硅颗粒表面,使得碳化硅颗粒间能够稳定地结合,石油焦粉作为开孔剂在烧结时离开基体,形成孔隙,步骤S3中将烧结制得的碳化硅初料在氢氧化钠溶液中超声清洗去除表面的的污染物,之后置于10%的聚四氟乙烯溶液中浸泡4h,部分聚四氟乙烯对孔洞进行填充,在通过其制备永磁铁氧体时,烧结过程中聚四氟乙烯分解,孔洞裸露,一方面在烧结时增大碳化硅的比表面积,增大其吸附性能,使其与其他填料紧密结合,增强永磁铁氧体的稳定性,另一方面提高了制得的永磁铁氧体使用的温度区间,赋予其更宽广的应用范围。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺,工艺中添加了由多孔碳化硅和碳酸锶按照1∶2的重量比混合而成的混合填料A来代替活性碳酸锶,具体步骤如下所示:
第一步、称取永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料,控制一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料的重量比为3∶2,制得混合料B;
第二步、称取如下重量份配方料:1份三氧化二钴,1份二氧化硅,2份氧化镧;
第三步、将混合料B、混合填料A、二氧化硅、三氧化二钴和氧化镧依次加入球磨机中,加入水通过氧化铝球磨珠球磨至粒径小于0.5μm,控制水的用量为混合料B、混合填料A和二氧化硅重量和的1.2倍,制得浆料,混合填料A的用量为混合料B重量的0.2%,二氧化硅的用量为混合料B的重量的1%;
第四步、将第三步制得的浆料在100℃下干燥4h,制得磁粉,粉碎加入高速分散机中分散,控制分散转速为3000r/min,分散时间为3min,之后向分散后的磁粉中加入添加剂和水,制得混合料C,在转速为450r/min的混炼机中混炼均匀,添加剂的用量为磁粉重量的0.1%,水的用量为混合料C重量的20%;
第五步、将混合料C在磁场下成型,控制磁场强度大于12000Gs,制得坯料,将制得的坯料加入马弗炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至350℃,在此温度下保温5h进行脱碳处理,之后转移至电阻炉中进行烧结,控制烧结温度为1100℃,烧结时间为4h,制得永磁铁氧体。
永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料的结构式为Ca0.8La0.2Fe11.1Mn0.1O19,永磁铁氧体回收料为回收的废磁体,分子式特征同永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料。
添加剂为有机添加剂和无机添加剂按照1∶2的重量比混合而成,所述有机添加剂为葡萄糖酸钙,所述无机添加剂为二氧化硅。
多孔碳化硅由如下方法制成:
步骤S1、将碳化硅、烧结助剂和糊精按照15∶3∶1的重量比混合均匀,制得混合粉料D,加入石油焦粉,控制石油焦粉的用量为混合粉料D重量的10%,混合均匀后加入球磨机中,加入无水乙醇并使用氧化铝磨球进行球磨,控制氧化铝磨球与混合粉料D的球料比1∶3,湿磨20h,控制球磨转速为450r/min,过500目筛,陈化12h,制得预混料;
步骤S2、将预混料加入坩埚中,喷入去离子水并搅拌30min,之后转移至模具中,在45MPa的压力下进行压样,保压1min,卸压、开模,制得素坯,之后将素坯在45℃下干燥20h,升温,分别在60℃、80℃、100℃和120℃下干燥4h,干燥结束后转移至烧结炉中进行烧结,控制烧结炉中的升温速率为10℃/min,分别在500℃、600℃和800℃下烧结4h,制得碳化硅初料;
步骤S3、将碳化硅初料置于质量分数10%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声清洗10min,之后分别用去离子水和无水乙醇超声清洗3次,清洗结束后加入质量分数为10%的聚四氟乙烯溶液中浸泡4h,取出,在35℃下干燥12h,之后转移至干燥炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至250℃,在此温度下保温2h,制得多孔碳化硅。
烧结助剂为二氧化硅和氧化铝按照1∶1的重量比混合而成。
实施例2
一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺,工艺中添加了由多孔碳化硅和碳酸锶按照1∶2的重量比混合而成的混合填料A来代替活性碳酸锶,具体步骤如下所示:
第一步、称取永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料,控制一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料的重量比为3∶2,制得混合料B;
第二步、称取如下重量份配方料:1份三氧化二钴,2份二氧化硅,3份氧化镧;
第三步、将混合料B、混合填料A、二氧化硅、三氧化二钴和氧化镧依次加入球磨机中,加入水通过氧化铝球磨珠球磨至粒径小于0.5μm,控制水的用量为混合料B、混合填料A和二氧化硅重量和的1.2倍,制得浆料,混合填料A的用量为混合料B重量的0.2%,二氧化硅的用量为混合料B的重量的1%;
第四步、将第三步制得的浆料在100℃下干燥4h,制得磁粉,粉碎加入高速分散机中分散,控制分散转速为3000r/min,分散时间为3min,之后向分散后的磁粉中加入添加剂和水,制得混合料C,在转速为450r/min的混炼机中混炼均匀,添加剂的用量为磁粉重量的0.1%,水的用量为混合料C重量的20%;
第五步、将混合料C在磁场下成型,控制磁场强度大于12000Gs,制得坯料,将制得的坯料加入马弗炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至350℃,在此温度下保温5h进行脱碳处理,之后转移至电阻炉中进行烧结,控制烧结温度为1100℃,烧结时间为4h,制得永磁铁氧体。
永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料的结构式为Ca0.8La0.2Fe11.1Mn0.1O19,永磁铁氧体回收料为回收的废磁体,分子式特征同永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料。
添加剂为有机添加剂和无机添加剂按照1∶2的重量比混合而成,所述有机添加剂为葡萄糖酸钙,所述无机添加剂为二氧化硅。
多孔碳化硅由如下方法制成:
步骤S1、将碳化硅、烧结助剂和糊精按照15∶3∶1的重量比混合均匀,制得混合粉料D,加入石油焦粉,控制石油焦粉的用量为混合粉料D重量的10%,混合均匀后加入球磨机中,加入无水乙醇并使用氧化铝磨球进行球磨,控制氧化铝磨球与混合粉料D的球料比1∶3,湿磨20h,控制球磨转速为450r/min,过500目筛,陈化12h,制得预混料;
步骤S2、将预混料加入坩埚中,喷入去离子水并搅拌30min,之后转移至模具中,在45MPa的压力下进行压样,保压1min,卸压、开模,制得素坯,之后将素坯在45℃下干燥20h,升温,分别在60℃、80℃、100℃和120℃下干燥4h,干燥结束后转移至烧结炉中进行烧结,控制烧结炉中的升温速率为10℃/min,分别在500℃、600℃和800℃下烧结4h,制得碳化硅初料;
步骤S3、将碳化硅初料置于质量分数10%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声清洗10min,之后分别用去离子水和无水乙醇超声清洗3次,清洗结束后加入质量分数为10%的聚四氟乙烯溶液中浸泡4h,取出,在35℃下干燥12h,之后转移至干燥炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至250℃,在此温度下保温2h,制得多孔碳化硅。
烧结助剂为二氧化硅和氧化铝按照1∶1的重量比混合而成。
实施例3
一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺,工艺中添加了由多孔碳化硅和碳酸锶按照1∶2的重量比混合而成的混合填料A来代替活性碳酸锶,具体步骤如下所示:
第一步、称取永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料,控制一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料的重量比为3∶2,制得混合料B;
第二步、称取如下重量份配方料:2份三氧化二钴,2份二氧化硅,4份氧化镧;
第三步、将混合料B、混合填料A、二氧化硅、三氧化二钴和氧化镧依次加入球磨机中,加入水通过氧化铝球磨珠球磨至粒径小于0.5μm,控制水的用量为混合料B、混合填料A和二氧化硅重量和的1.2倍,制得浆料,混合填料A的用量为混合料B重量的0.2%,二氧化硅的用量为混合料B的重量的1%;
第四步、将第三步制得的浆料在100℃下干燥4h,制得磁粉,粉碎加入高速分散机中分散,控制分散转速为3000r/min,分散时间为3min,之后向分散后的磁粉中加入添加剂和水,制得混合料C,在转速为450r/min的混炼机中混炼均匀,添加剂的用量为磁粉重量的0.1%,水的用量为混合料C重量的20%;
第五步、将混合料C在磁场下成型,控制磁场强度大于12000Gs,制得坯料,将制得的坯料加入马弗炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至350℃,在此温度下保温5h进行脱碳处理,之后转移至电阻炉中进行烧结,控制烧结温度为1100℃,烧结时间为4h,制得永磁铁氧体。
永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料的结构式为Ca0.8La0.2Fe11.1Mn0.1O19,永磁铁氧体回收料为回收的废磁体,分子式特征同永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料。
添加剂为有机添加剂和无机添加剂按照1∶2的重量比混合而成,所述有机添加剂为葡萄糖酸钙,所述无机添加剂为二氧化硅。
多孔碳化硅由如下方法制成:
步骤S1、将碳化硅、烧结助剂和糊精按照15∶3∶1的重量比混合均匀,制得混合粉料D,加入石油焦粉,控制石油焦粉的用量为混合粉料D重量的10%,混合均匀后加入球磨机中,加入无水乙醇并使用氧化铝磨球进行球磨,控制氧化铝磨球与混合粉料D的球料比1∶3,湿磨20h,控制球磨转速为450r/min,过500目筛,陈化12h,制得预混料;
步骤S2、将预混料加入坩埚中,喷入去离子水并搅拌30min,之后转移至模具中,在45MPa的压力下进行压样,保压1min,卸压、开模,制得素坯,之后将素坯在45℃下干燥20h,升温,分别在60℃、80℃、100℃和120℃下干燥4h,干燥结束后转移至烧结炉中进行烧结,控制烧结炉中的升温速率为10℃/min,分别在500℃、600℃和800℃下烧结4h,制得碳化硅初料;
步骤S3、将碳化硅初料置于质量分数10%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声清洗10min,之后分别用去离子水和无水乙醇超声清洗3次,清洗结束后加入质量分数为10%的聚四氟乙烯溶液中浸泡4h,取出,在35℃下干燥12h,之后转移至干燥炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至250℃,在此温度下保温2h,制得多孔碳化硅。
烧结助剂为二氧化硅和氧化铝按照1∶1的重量比混合而成。
实施例4
一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺,工艺中添加了由多孔碳化硅和碳酸锶按照1∶2的重量比混合而成的混合填料A来代替活性碳酸锶,具体步骤如下所示:
第一步、称取永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料,控制一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料的重量比为3∶2,制得混合料B;
第二步、称取如下重量份配方料:3份三氧化二钴,2份二氧化硅,5份氧化镧;
第三步、将混合料B、混合填料A、二氧化硅、三氧化二钴和氧化镧依次加入球磨机中,加入水通过氧化铝球磨珠球磨至粒径小于0.5μm,控制水的用量为混合料B、混合填料A和二氧化硅重量和的1.2倍,制得浆料,混合填料A的用量为混合料B重量的0.2%,二氧化硅的用量为混合料B的重量的1%;
第四步、将第三步制得的浆料在100℃下干燥4h,制得磁粉,粉碎加入高速分散机中分散,控制分散转速为3000r/min,分散时间为3min,之后向分散后的磁粉中加入添加剂和水,制得混合料C,在转速为450r/min的混炼机中混炼均匀,添加剂的用量为磁粉重量的0.1%,水的用量为混合料C重量的20%;
第五步、将混合料C在磁场下成型,控制磁场强度大于12000Gs,制得坯料,将制得的坯料加入马弗炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至350℃,在此温度下保温5h进行脱碳处理,之后转移至电阻炉中进行烧结,控制烧结温度为1100℃,烧结时间为4h,制得永磁铁氧体。
永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料的结构式为Ca0.8La0.2Fe11.1Mn0.1O19,永磁铁氧体回收料为回收的废磁体,分子式特征同永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料。
添加剂为有机添加剂和无机添加剂按照1∶2的重量比混合而成,所述有机添加剂为葡萄糖酸钙,所述无机添加剂为二氧化硅。
多孔碳化硅由如下方法制成:
步骤S1、将碳化硅、烧结助剂和糊精按照15∶3∶1的重量比混合均匀,制得混合粉料D,加入石油焦粉,控制石油焦粉的用量为混合粉料D重量的10%,混合均匀后加入球磨机中,加入无水乙醇并使用氧化铝磨球进行球磨,控制氧化铝磨球与混合粉料D的球料比1∶3,湿磨20h,控制球磨转速为450r/min,过500目筛,陈化12h,制得预混料;
步骤S2、将预混料加入坩埚中,喷入去离子水并搅拌30min,之后转移至模具中,在45MPa的压力下进行压样,保压1min,卸压、开模,制得素坯,之后将素坯在45℃下干燥20h,升温,分别在60℃、80℃、100℃和120℃下干燥4h,干燥结束后转移至烧结炉中进行烧结,控制烧结炉中的升温速率为10℃/min,分别在500℃、600℃和800℃下烧结4h,制得碳化硅初料;
步骤S3、将碳化硅初料置于质量分数10%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声清洗10min,之后分别用去离子水和无水乙醇超声清洗3次,清洗结束后加入质量分数为10%的聚四氟乙烯溶液中浸泡4h,取出,在35℃下干燥12h,之后转移至干燥炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至250℃,在此温度下保温2h,制得多孔碳化硅。
烧结助剂为二氧化硅和氧化铝按照1∶1的重量比混合而成。
对比例1
本对比例与实施例1相比,用碳化硅代替多孔碳化硅。
对比例2
本对比例为市场中一种永磁铁氧体。
对实施例1-4和对比例1-2的磁感应强度(Br)、矫顽力(Hcb)、内禀矫顽力(Hcj)和最大磁能体积(BH)max进行检测,结果如下表所示;
Figure BDA0002653959480000121
Figure BDA0002653959480000131
从上表中能够看出实施例1-4的磁感应强度在3988.0-3988.8(Gs),矫顽力在3310-3330(Oe),内禀矫顽力在3570-3580(Oe),最大磁能体积在5.08-5.09(MGOe);对比例1-3的磁感应强度在3912.3-3968.5(Gs),矫顽力在3250-3280(Oe),内禀矫顽力在3510-3520(Oe),最大磁能体积在4.96-5.05(MGOe);所以烧结过程中聚四氟乙烯分解,孔洞裸露,一方面在烧结时增大碳化硅的比表面积,增大其吸附性能,使其与其他填料紧密结合,增强永磁铁氧体的稳定性,另一方面提高了制得的永磁铁氧体使用的温度区间,赋予其更宽广的应用范围。
在本说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺,其特征在于,工艺中添加了由多孔碳化硅和碳酸锶按照1∶2-2.5的重量比混合而成的混合填料A来代替活性碳酸锶,具体步骤如下所示:
第一步、称取永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料,控制一次预烧料粉料和永磁铁氧体回收料的重量比为3∶2,制得混合料B;
第二步、称取如下重量份配方料:1-3份三氧化二钴,1-2份二氧化硅,2-5份氧化镧;
第三步、将混合料B、混合填料A、二氧化硅、三氧化二钴和氧化镧依次加入球磨机中,加入水通过氧化铝球磨珠球磨至粒径小于0.5μm,控制水的用量为混合料B、混合填料A和二氧化硅重量和的1.2-1.5倍,制得浆料;
第四步、将第三步制得的浆料在100-110℃下干燥4h,制得磁粉,粉碎加入高速分散机中分散,控制分散转速为3000r/min,分散时间为3-5min,之后向分散后的磁粉中加入添加剂和水,制得混合料C,在转速为450-480r/min的混炼机中混炼均匀;
第五步、将混合料C在磁场下成型,控制磁场强度大于12000Gs,制得坯料,将制得的坯料加入马弗炉中,以10℃/min的升温速率升温至350-400℃,在此温度下保温5h进行脱碳处理,之后转移至电阻炉中进行烧结,控制烧结温度为1100-1200℃,烧结时间为4h,制得永磁铁氧体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料为一种含有A、R、T和Fe为主相的六角晶M型永磁铁氧体,并具有A1-xRxFe3+ 2n- yTyO19的分子式特征,其中A代表Ba和Ca中的一种元素,R代表稀土元素La,T代表Mn和Zn中的一种元素,其中0.1<x<0.3,0.03<y<0.15,5.5<n<5.8,所述永磁铁氧体回收料为回收的废磁体,分子式特征同永磁铁氧体的一次预烧料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺,其特征在于,第四步中添加剂为有机添加剂和无机添加剂按照1∶2的重量比混合而成,所述有机添加剂为葡萄糖酸钙和硬脂酸钙中的一种或两种按任意比例混合,所述无机添加剂为二氧化硅和氧化铝中的一种或两种按任意比例混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺,其特征在于,第三步中混合填料A的用量为混合料B重量的0.2%-0.4%,二氧化硅的用量为混合料B的重量的1%-2%,第四步中控制添加剂的用量为磁粉重量的0.1%-0.2%,水的用量为混合料C重量的20%-25%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺,其特征在于,所述多孔碳化硅由如下方法制成:
步骤S1、将碳化硅、烧结助剂和糊精按照15∶3∶1的重量比混合均匀,制得混合粉料D,加入石油焦粉,控制石油焦粉的用量为混合粉料D重量的10%,混合均匀后加入球磨机中,加入无水乙醇并使用氧化铝磨球进行球磨,控制氧化铝磨球与混合粉料D的球料比1∶3-5,湿磨20-30h,控制球磨转速为450-500r/min,过500目筛,陈化12h,制得预混料;
步骤S2、将预混料加入坩埚中,喷入去离子水并搅拌30min,之后转移至模具中,在45-50MPa的压力下进行压样,保压1min,卸压、开模,制得素坯,之后将素坯在45-50℃下干燥20h,升温,分别在60℃、80℃、100℃和120℃下干燥4h,干燥结束后转移至烧结炉中进行烧结,控制烧结炉中的升温速率为10℃/min,分别在500℃、600℃和800℃下烧结4h,制得碳化硅初料;
步骤S3、将碳化硅初料置于质量分数10%的氢氧化钠溶液中,超声清洗10min,之后分别用去离子水和无水乙醇超声清洗3次,清洗结束后加入质量分数为10%的聚四氟乙烯溶液中浸泡4h,取出,在35-40℃下干燥12h,之后转移至干燥炉中,以5℃/min的升温速率升温至250-280℃,在此温度下保温2h,制得多孔碳化硅。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种永磁铁氧体的制备工艺,其特征在于,步骤S1中烧结助剂为二氧化硅和氧化铝按照1∶1的重量比混合而成。
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