JP7325921B2 - Nd-Fe-B系磁性体及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
Nd-Fe-B系磁性体及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 title claims description 81
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910001172 neodymium magnet Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000521 B alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002336 sorption--desorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 35
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910000743 fusible alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000636 Ce alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009694 cold isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005324 grain boundary diffusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/032—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials
- H01F1/04—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of hard-magnetic materials metals or alloys
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- H01F1/057—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B
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- H01F1/0575—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together
- H01F1/0577—Alloys characterised by their composition containing rare earth metals and magnetic transition metals, e.g. SmCo5 and IIIa elements, e.g. Nd2Fe14B in the form of particles, e.g. rapid quenched powders or ribbon flakes pressed, sintered or bonded together sintered
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Description
前記Nd-Fe-B系磁性体の原料は、Nd-Fe-B系合金、低融点合金及びその他添加剤を含み、
前記Nd-Fe-B系合金は、重量百分率で28%≦R≦30%の希土類元素Rと、重量百分率で0.8%≦B≦1.2%のBと、重量百分率で0%≦M≦3%のMと、を含み、
前記Rは、Nd、Prの少なくとも一つ、
前記Mは、Co、Tiの少なくとも一つ、
その他の成分はFeであり、
前記低融点合金は、CeCu、CeAl、CeGaのいずれ一つ又は複数を含み、各成分の重量百分率は、0%≦CeCu≦3%、0%≦CeAl≦3%、0%≦CeGa≦3%であり、
拡散源は、R1xR2yHzM1-x-y-zの式で示され、
R1はNd、Prの少なくとも一つ、
R2はHо、Gdの少なくとも一つ、
HはTb、Dyの少なくとも一つ、
MはAl、Cu、Ga、Ti、Co、Mg、Zn、Snの少なくとも一つであり、
x、y、zはそれぞれ重量百分率で、15%<x<50%、0%<y≦10%及び40%≦z≦70%である、ことを特徴とする。
(ステップ1)重量百分率で28%≦R≦30%と、重量百分率で0.8%≦B≦1.2%と、重量百分率で0%≦M≦3%を含み、前記RはNd、Prの少なくとも一つ、前記MはCo、Tiの少なくとも一つ、その他の成分はFeである原料を、溶錬、ストリップキャストによってNd-Fe-B系合金薄片を作成し、
(ステップ2)前記Nd-Fe-B系合金薄片を150~400μmの大きさに粉砕して粉体とし、低融点合金の粉末と混合して前記Nd-Fe-B系合金薄片の前記粉体に前記低融点合金の粉体をコーティングし、前記低融点合金はCeCu、CeAl、CeGaのいずれか一つ又は複数であり、各成分の重量百分率は、0%≦CeCu≦3%、0%≦CeAl≦3%及び0%≦CeGa≦3%であり、混合後に水素吸脱処理を行い、ジェットミルによる粉砕処理、磁場配向成型、焼結処理及び時効処理を行って前記Nd-Fe-B系磁性体を作成し、
(ステップ3)焼結後の前記Nd-Fe-B系磁性体を所望の形状に機械加工し、その後前記Nd-Fe-B系磁性体の表面に拡散源をコーティングして拡散源薄膜を形成し、前記拡散源はR1xR2yHzM1-x-y-zの式で示され、R1はNd、Prの少なくとも一つ、R2はHо、Gdの少なくとも一つ、HはTb、Dyの少なくとも一つ、MはAl、Cu、Ga、Ti、Co、Mg、Zn、Snの少なくとも一つであり、x、y、zはそれぞれ重量百分率で、15%<x<50%、0%<y≦10%及び40%≦z≦70%であり、
(ステップ4)前記拡散源をコーティングした前記Nd-Fe-B系磁性体に拡散処理及び時効処理を行う、ことを特徴とする。
前記ジェットミルによる粉砕後の合金粉末の平均粒子径は3~5μmである、 ことを特徴とする。
Claims (9)
- 結晶粒界に希土類元素を拡散させたNd-Fe-B系磁性体であって、
前記Nd-Fe-B系磁性体の原料は、Nd-Fe-B系合金、低融点合金及びその他添加剤を含み、
前記Nd-Fe-B系合金は、重量百分率で28%≦R≦30%の希土類元素Rと、重量百分率で0.8%≦B≦1.2%のBと、重量百分率で0%≦M≦3%のMと、を含み、
前記Rは、Nd、Prの少なくとも一つ、
前記Mは、Co、Tiの少なくとも一つ、
その他の成分はFeであり、
前記低融点合金は、CeCu、CeAl、CeGaのいずれ一つ又は複数を含み、各成分の重量百分率は、0%≦CeCu≦3%、0%≦CeAl≦3%、0%≦CeGa≦3%であり、
拡散源は、R1xR2yHzM1-x-y-zの式で示され、
R1はNd、Prの少なくとも一つ、
R2はHо、Gdの少なくとも一つ、
HはTb、Dyの少なくとも一つ、
MはAl、Cu、Ga、Ti、Co、Mg、Zn、Snの少なくとも一つであり、
x、y、zはそれぞれ重量百分率で、15%<x<50%、0%<y≦10%及び40%≦z≦70%である、
ことを特徴とするNd-Fe-B系磁性体。 - Nd-Fe-B系磁性体の製造方法であって、
(ステップ1)重量百分率で28%≦R≦30%と、重量百分率で0.8%≦B≦1.2%と、重量百分率で0%≦M≦3%を含み、前記RはNd、Prの少なくとも一つ、前記MはCo、Tiの少なくとも一つ、その他の成分はFeである原料を、溶錬、ストリップキャストによってNd-Fe-B系合金薄片を作成し、
(ステップ2)前記Nd-Fe-B系合金薄片を150~400μmの大きさに粉砕して粉体とし、低融点合金の粉末と混合して前記Nd-Fe-B系合金薄片の前記粉体に前記低融点合金の粉体をコーティングし、前記低融点合金はCeCu、CeAl、CeGaのいずれか一つ又は複数であり、各成分の重量百分率は、0%≦CeCu≦3%、0%≦CeAl≦3%及び0%≦CeGa≦3%であり、混合後に水素吸脱処理を行い、ジェットミルによる粉砕処理、磁場配向成型、焼結処理及び時効処理を行って前記Nd-Fe-B系磁性体を作成し、
(ステップ3)焼結後の前記Nd-Fe-B系磁性体を所望の形状に機械加工し、その後前記Nd-Fe-B系磁性体の表面に拡散源をコーティングして拡散源薄膜を形成し、前記拡散源はR1xR2yHzM1-x-y-zの式で示され、R1はNd、Prの少なくとも一つ、R2はHо、Gdの少なくとも一つ、HはTb、Dyの少なくとも一つ、MはAl、Cu、Ga、Ti、Co、Mg、Zn、Snの少なくとも一つであり、x、y、zはそれぞれ重量百分率で、15%<x<50%、0%<y≦10%及び40%≦z≦70%であり、
(ステップ4)前記拡散源をコーティングした前記Nd-Fe-B系磁性体に拡散処理及び時効処理を行う、
ことを特徴とするNd-Fe-B系磁性体の製造方法。 - 前記(ステップ2)における前記水素吸脱処理は、水素吸着及び脱水素処理を含み、水素吸着温度は100~300℃、脱水素温度は400~600℃である、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のNd-Fe-B系磁性体の製造方法。 - 前記(ステップ2)における前記水素吸脱処理の水素含有量は1000ppm未満であり、酸素含有量は500ppm未満である、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のNd-Fe-B系磁性体の製造方法。 - 前記(ステップ2)における前記低融点合金の粉末の平均粒子径は200nm~4μmであり、
前記ジェットミルによる粉砕後の合金粉末の平均粒子径は3~5μmである、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のNd-Fe-B系磁性体の製造方法。 - 前記(ステップ2)における前記焼結処理の温度は980~1060℃、焼結時間は6~15時間、前記時効処理の第1次時効温度は850℃、第1次時効時間は3時間、第2次時効温度は450~660℃、第2次時効時間は3時間である、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のNd-Fe-B系磁性体の製造方法。 - 前記(ステップ3)における前記拡散源の製造方法は、噴霧製粉、アモルファスストリップ又はインゴットのいずれかである、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のNd-Fe-B系磁性体の製造方法。 - 前記(ステップ4)における前記拡散処理の温度は850~930℃、拡散時間は6~30時間、前記時効処理の温度は420~680℃、時効時間は3~10時間である、
ことを特徴とする請求項2に記載のNd-Fe-B系磁性体の製造方法。 - 前記(ステップ4)における前記時効処理の昇温速度は1~5℃/分であり、降温速度は5~20℃/分である、
ことを特徴とする請求項8に記載のNd-Fe-B系磁性体の製造方法。
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