CN112209707A - 一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 95
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910000018 strontium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N hydroxyformaldehyde Chemical compound O[14CH]=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical group [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910002402 SrFe12O19 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000011805 ball Substances 0.000 description 42
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron hydrate Chemical compound O.O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O NDLPOXTZKUMGOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 CaCO is added3 Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004227 calcium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004494 calcium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013927 calcium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,步骤为:(1)配料:将主成分与一次添加剂混合配料;(2)混料:配好的原料经干法混料得到混合料;(3)造球:将混合料造球得到直径5~12mm的料球;(4)预烧:将料球在1290~1390℃下烧结1.5~2.5h,得到预烧料;(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成粗粉后,与二次添加剂混合湿法球磨得到细料浆,所述二次添加剂包括碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末;(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体。本发明使用干法工艺混料,降低了工艺成本,并且在二次添加剂中加入熟料预烧粉末,可以得到同时具有较高的剩磁、内禀矫顽力和最大磁能积的永磁铁氧体。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及磁性材料制备技术领域,尤其是涉及一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法。
背景技术
永磁铁氧体又称硬磁铁氧体,它具有经过磁化后持续保持恒定磁场或磁矩的特性,是一类重要的磁性材料,可广泛的应用于汽车直流电机,启动电机、电感器、音频变换器、分离器等诸多应用领域。随着科技的发展,更多设备要求更加小型化、轻量化、节能化和高效率,永磁铁氧体作为很多设备中的重要永磁材料,对其性能提出了更加苛刻的要求。
永磁铁氧体性能的衡量指标主要包括剩磁(Br)、磁感矫顽力(Hcb),内禀矫顽力(Hcj)和最大磁能积((BH)max),现有技术中制备永磁铁氧体时为了混合均匀,一般采用湿法工艺进行混料,并通过在混料时添加碳酸钙、石英砂、高岭土等添加剂提高铁氧体的性能。例如,在中国专利文献上公开的“一种永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法及永磁铁氧体材料”,其公开号CN110372362A,包括以下步骤:按SrO·nFe2O3,n为5.9~6.1计算出的碳酸锶、铁粉质量,并添加硼酸和二氧化硅,进行湿法球磨得到料浆,烘干;烘干的料浆通过预压圆柱状生坯,烧结,得永磁铁氧体预烧料,通过振磨机加入葡萄糖酸钙振磨,得到粗粉,加入CaCO3,SiO2,SrCO3,葡萄糖,硼酸,得混合粉料进行细磨得到细料浆,在压机湿压成型得磁饼毛坯后,烧结得到永磁铁氧体材料。该发明通过添加二氧化硅和碳酸钙等添加剂,提高了永磁铁氧体的性能。
但现有技术中使用湿法工艺混料时,因为混合料含有过多水分,因此进入回转窑预烧时会导致燃烧热量过多的流失,工艺成本较高;并且在混料阶段添加碳酸钙、二氧化硅等添加剂的方法,虽然可以有效提高永磁铁氧体的内禀矫顽力,但同时也会导致永磁铁氧体的剩磁明显降低,无法使磁体的综合性能有效提高。
发明内容
本发明是为了克服现有技术中使用湿法工艺混料时,因为混合料含有过多水分,因此进入回转窑预烧时会导致燃烧热量过多的流失,工艺成本较高;并且在混料阶段添加碳酸钙、二氧化硅等添加剂的方法,虽然可以有效提高永磁铁氧体的内禀矫顽力,但同时也会导致永磁铁氧体的剩磁明显降低,无法使磁体的综合性能有效提高的问题,提供一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,使用干法工艺混料,降低了工艺成本,并且在二次添加剂中加入熟料预烧粉末,可以得到同时具有较高的剩磁、内禀矫顽力和最大磁能积的永磁铁氧体。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:将主成分与一次添加剂混合配料,所述主成分包括按分子式SrFexO19中铁原子和锶原子的摩尔比混合的铁红和碳酸锶,其中x为10~12;所述一次添加剂选自碳酸钙、二氧化硅和氧化铝中的一种;
(2)混料:配好的原料经干法混料得到混合料;
(3)造球:将混合料造球得到直径5~12mm的料球;
(4)预烧:将料球在1290~1390℃下烧结1.5~2.5h,得到预烧料;
(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成3.5~5μm的粗粉后,与二次添加剂混合湿法球磨7~9h得到细料浆,所述二次添加剂包括碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末;
(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体。
作为优选,步骤(1)中所述一次添加剂的质量为主成分质量的0~4%。
作为优选,步骤(2)中混料时先以200~300rpm的转速混料2~3min,再以1400~1600rpm的转速混料4~6min。
作为优选,步骤(5)中二次添加剂中的熟料预烧粉末的制备方法为:
A)原料细磨:将氧化铁纯度≥74.5wt%的铁鳞研磨至5~6μm,得到铁鳞粉末;
B)混合:按分子式SrFe12O19中铁原子和锶原子的摩尔比将铁鳞粉末与碳酸锶粉末混合均匀后得到预混料;
C)造球:将预混料造球成型,得直径为6~10mm的生料球;
D)预烧:将生料球预烧后得到预烧料;
E)粉碎:将预烧料干式粉碎后得到所述熟料预烧粉末。
作为优选,步骤A)中研磨前先将铁鳞在115~125℃下烘干至含水率≤1%。
作为优选,步骤D)中的预烧温度1270~1280℃,预烧时间55~65min。
作为优选,步骤E)中所述熟料预烧粉末的平均粒度为6~8μm。
作为优选,步骤(5)的二次添加剂中,碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末的质量分别占粗粉和二次添加剂总质量的0.1~0.3%、0.1~0.3%及0.05~0.1%。
作为优选,步骤(5)中湿法球磨时使用直径为∮4~∮8mm的钢球,湿法球磨时料、球、水的质量比为1:(14~16):1。
作为优选,步骤(6)中烧结温度1100~1300℃,烧结时间50~70min。
本发明以氧化铁和碳酸锶为主成分,制得了永磁锶铁氧体,永磁锶铁氧体具备较高的性价比、较小的温度系数和较高的工作温度,被广泛的用作永磁电机的磁体。本发明在混料过程中使用高效混合机对原料进行干法混合,在保证混合均匀性的同时有效减少了湿法工艺导致的预烧时燃烧热量过多流失,降低了铁氧体生产的工艺成本。
为了进一步提高本发明制得的永磁锶铁氧体的磁性能,本发明在混料时添加了一次添加剂,并在二次研磨过程中添加了二次添加剂。一次添加剂中的SiO2可以细化晶粒,提高永磁铁氧体的矫顽力;CaCO3的加入,有助于晶体的生长,晶粒片状结构显著,使得磁粉在压制时有明显的取向,从而有效提高产品的磁性能。然而一次添加剂的加入虽然有助于提高永磁铁氧体的内禀矫顽力,但同时也会导致永磁铁氧体的剩磁明显降低,无法使磁体的综合性能有效提高。
因此本发明在二次研磨过程中加入了包括熟料预烧粉末的二次添加剂,通过熟料预烧粉末与碳酸钙和二氧化硅的协同作用,可以使制得的永磁铁氧体同时具有较高的剩磁、内禀矫顽力和最大磁能积,有效提高永磁铁氧体的综合性能。本发明中的熟料预烧粉末是以铁鳞和碳酸锶为原料制得的,实现了废弃物的资源化利用,并且添加量少,节约了生产成本。
并且本发明发现,二次添加剂的添加步骤及组分含量对铁氧体的性能影响是多方面的,改变二次添加剂的添加步骤或调整一种组分的含量以提高一项性能参数,往往会对其他参数造成影响,因此本发明对二次添加剂中的组分及其含量进行了严格筛选和限定,使得永磁铁氧体材料可以在各组分的协同作用下具有良好的综合性能。
因此,本发明具有如下有益效果:
(1)混料过程中使用高效混合机对原料进行干法混合,在保证混合均匀性的同时有效减少了湿法工艺导致的预烧时燃烧热量过多流失,降低了铁氧体生产的工艺成本;
(2)使用以铁鳞和碳酸锶为原料制成的熟料预烧粉末与碳酸钙和二氧化硅一起作为二次添加剂,在二次添加剂中各组分的协同作用下,使制得的永磁铁氧体同时具有较高的剩磁、内禀矫顽力和最大磁能积,有效提高永磁铁氧体的综合性能。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明做进一步的描述。
在本发明中,若非特指,所有设备和原料均可从市场购得或是本行业常用的,下述实施例中的方法,如无特别说明,均为本领域常规方法。
本发明中使用的氧化铁红纯度≥99.3wt%,颗粒的平均粒度2.0μm;
碳酸钙纯度≥98wt%,颗粒的平均粒度2.0μm;
二氧化硅纯度≥99wt%,颗粒的平均粒度2.0μm;
铁鳞中氧化铁的纯度≥74.5wt%;
碳酸锶纯度≥96.5wt%,颗粒的平均粒度2.0μm。
实施例1:
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:将铁红与碳酸锶以元素摩尔比11:1混合得到主成分,并添加主成分质量1%的二氧化硅作为一次添加剂;
(2)混料:将上述配好的原料放入高效混合机内,以200rpm的速度干法混料3min,再以1500rpm的速度干法混料5min后得到混合料;
(3)造球:将混合料通过造球机造球得到直径8mm的料球;
(4)预烧:将料球放入箱式炉中1300℃下烧结2h,得到预烧料;
(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成4μm的粗粉后,与二次添加剂混合湿法球磨8h得到细料浆,二次添加剂包括碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末,碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末的质量分别占粗粉和二次添加剂总质量的0.2%、0.2%及0.08%;湿法球磨时使用直径为∮6mm的钢球,湿法球磨时料、球、水的质量比为1:15:1;
(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体,湿压成型时在压制方向施加10000Oe的成型磁场,成型体是直径为40.2mm、高度为13mm的圆柱体,成型压力为4MPa,烧结温度1200℃,烧结时间60min。
其中,二次添加剂中熟料预烧粉末的制备方法为:
A)原料细磨:使铁鳞通过烘干窑,在120℃下进行烘干,使烘干后的铁鳞水分≤1%,烘干后的铁鳞加入球磨机中进行细磨至平均粒度为5.5μm,得到铁鳞粉末;
B)混合:将346kg铁鳞粉末与55kg碳酸锶粉末混合,投入强混机中强混6min后得到预混料;
C)造球:将预混料加入造球机造球成型,得到直径为8mm的生料球;
D)预烧:将生料球经过链篱机,在回转窑中进行预烧,回转窑转速为158s/r,链篱机走速22cm/min,预烧温度1275℃,预烧时间60min,预烧后得到预烧料;
E)粉碎:将预烧料干式粉碎至平均粒度为6μm后,得到所述熟料预烧粉末。
实施例2:
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:将铁红与碳酸锶以元素摩尔比10.2:1混合得到主成分;
(2)混料:将上述配好的主成分放入高效混合机内,以250rpm的速度干法混料2.5min,再以1400rpm的速度干法混料6min后得到混合料;
(3)造球:将混合料通过造球机造球得到直径5mm的料球;
(4)预烧:将料球放入箱式炉中1290℃下烧结2.5h,得到预烧料;
(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成3.5μm的粗粉后,与二次添加剂混合湿法球磨7h得到细料浆,二次添加剂包括碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末,碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末的质量分别占粗粉和二次添加剂总质量的0.1%、0.3%及0.05%;湿法球磨时使用直径为∮4mm的钢球,湿法球磨时料、球、水的质量比为1:14:1;
(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体,湿压成型时在压制方向施加10000Oe的成型磁场,成型体是直径为40.2mm、高度为13mm的圆柱体,成型压力为4MPa,烧结温度1100℃,烧结时间70min。
其中,二次添加剂中熟料预烧粉末的制备方法为:
A)原料细磨:使铁鳞通过烘干窑,在115℃下进行烘干,使烘干后的铁鳞水分≤1%,烘干后的铁鳞加入球磨机中进行细磨至平均粒度为5μm,得到铁鳞粉末;
B)混合:将346kg铁鳞粉末与55kg碳酸锶粉末混合,投入强混机中强混5min后得到预混料;
C)造球:将预混料加入造球机造球成型,得到直径为6mm的生料球;
D)预烧:将生料球经过链篱机,在回转窑中进行预烧,回转窑转速为158s/r,链篱机走速22cm/min,预烧温度1270℃,预烧时间65min,预烧后得到预烧料;
E)粉碎:将预烧料干式粉碎至平均粒度为6μm后,得到所述熟料预烧粉末。
实施例3:
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:将铁红与碳酸锶以元素摩尔比11.8:1混合得到主成分,并添加主成分质量4%的二氧化硅作为一次添加剂;
(2)混料:将上述配好的主成分放入高效混合机内,以300rpm的速度干法混料2min,再以1600rpm的速度干法混料4min后得到混合料;
(3)造球:将混合料通过造球机造球得到直径12mm的料球;
(4)预烧:将料球放入箱式炉中1390℃下烧结1.5h,得到预烧料;
(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成5μm的粗粉后,与二次添加剂混合湿法球磨9h得到细料浆,二次添加剂包括碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末,碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末的质量分别占粗粉和二次添加剂总质量的0.3%、0.1%及0.1%;湿法球磨时使用直径为∮8mm的钢球,湿法球磨时料、球、水的质量比为1:16:1;
(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体,湿压成型时在压制方向施加10000Oe的成型磁场,成型体是直径为40.2mm、高度为13mm的圆柱体,成型压力为4MPa,烧结温度1300℃,烧结时间50min。
其中,二次添加剂中熟料预烧粉末的制备方法为:
A)原料细磨:使铁鳞通过烘干窑,在125℃下进行烘干,使烘干后的铁鳞水分≤1%,烘干后的铁鳞加入球磨机中进行细磨至平均粒度为6μm,得到铁鳞粉末;
B)混合:将346kg铁鳞粉末与55kg碳酸锶粉末混合,投入强混机中强混8min后得到预混料;
C)造球:将预混料加入造球机造球成型,得到直径为10mm的生料球;
D)预烧:将生料球经过链篱机,在回转窑中进行预烧,回转窑转速为158s/r,链篱机走速22cm/min,预烧温度1280,预烧时间55min,预烧后得到预烧料;
E)粉碎:将预烧料干式粉碎至平均粒度为8μm后,得到所述熟料预烧粉末。
对比例1:
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:将铁红与碳酸锶以元素摩尔比11:1混合得到主成分,并添加主成分质量1%的二氧化硅作为一次添加剂;
(2)混料:将上述配好的原料放入高效混合机内,以200rpm的速度干法混料3min,再以1500rpm的速度干法混料5min后得到混合料;
(3)造球:将混合料通过造球机造球得到直径8mm的料球;
(4)预烧:将料球放入箱式炉中1300℃下烧结2h,得到预烧料;
(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成4μm的粗粉后,与二次添加剂混合湿法球磨8h得到细料浆,二次添加剂包括碳酸钙和二氧化硅,碳酸钙和二氧化硅的质量分别占粗粉和二次添加剂总质量的0.2%及0.2%;湿法球磨时使用直径为∮6mm的钢球,湿法球磨时料、球、水的质量比为1:15:1;
(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体,湿压成型时在压制方向施加10000Oe的成型磁场,成型体是直径为40.2mm、高度为13mm的圆柱体,成型压力为4MPa,烧结温度1200℃,烧结时间60min。
对比例2:
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:将铁红与碳酸锶以元素摩尔比11:1混合得到主成分,并添加主成分质量1%的二氧化硅作为一次添加剂;
(2)混料:将上述配好的原料放入高效混合机内,以200rpm的速度干法混料3min,再以1500rpm的速度干法混料5min后得到混合料;
(3)造球:将混合料通过造球机造球得到直径8mm的料球;
(4)预烧:将料球放入箱式炉中1300℃下烧结2h,得到预烧料;
(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成4μm的粗粉后,与二次添加剂混合湿法球磨8h得到细料浆,二次添加剂包括碳酸钙、二氧化硅和碳酸锶,碳酸钙、二氧化硅和碳酸锶的质量分别占粗粉和二次添加剂总质量的0.2%、0.2%及0.08%;湿法球磨时使用直径为∮6mm的钢球,湿法球磨时料、球、水的质量比为1:15:1;
(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体,湿压成型时在压制方向施加10000Oe的成型磁场,成型体是直径为40.2mm、高度为13mm的圆柱体,成型压力为4MPa,烧结温度1200℃,烧结时间60min。
对比例3:
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:将铁红与碳酸锶以元素摩尔比11:1混合得到主成分,并添加一次添加剂和二次添加剂,一次添加剂为占主成分质量1%的二氧化硅,二次添加剂包括碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末,碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末的质量分别占原料总质量的0.2%、0.2%及0.08%;
(2)混料:将上述配好的原料放入高效混合机内,以200rpm的速度干法混料3min,再以1500rpm的速度干法混料5min后得到混合料;
(3)造球:将混合料通过造球机造球得到直径8mm的料球;
(4)预烧:将料球放入箱式炉中1300℃下烧结2h,得到预烧料;
(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成4μm的粗粉后湿法球磨8h得到细料浆,湿法球磨时使用直径为∮6mm的钢球,湿法球磨时料、球、水的质量比为1:15:1;
(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体,湿压成型时在压制方向施加10000Oe的成型磁场,成型体是直径为40.2mm、高度为13mm的圆柱体,成型压力为4MPa,烧结温度1200℃,烧结时间60min。
熟料预烧粉末的制备方法与实施例1中相同。
对比例4:
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:将铁红与碳酸锶以元素摩尔比11:1混合得到主成分,并添加主成分质量1%的二氧化硅作为一次添加剂;
(2)混料:将上述配好的原料放入高效混合机内,以200rpm的速度干法混料3min,再以1500rpm的速度干法混料5min后得到混合料;
(3)造球:将混合料通过造球机造球得到直径8mm的料球;
(4)预烧:将料球放入箱式炉中1300℃下烧结2h,得到预烧料;
(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成4μm的粗粉后,与二次添加剂混合湿法球磨8h得到细料浆,二次添加剂包括碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末,碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末的质量分别占粗粉和二次添加剂总质量的0.2%、0.2%及0.15%;湿法球磨时使用直径为∮6mm的钢球,湿法球磨时料、球、水的质量比为1:15:1;
(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体,湿压成型时在压制方向施加10000Oe的成型磁场,成型体是直径为40.2mm、高度为13mm的圆柱体,成型压力为4MPa,烧结温度1200℃,烧结时间60min。
熟料预烧料的制备方法与实施例1中相同。
对比例5:
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:将铁红与碳酸锶以元素摩尔比11:1混合得到主成分,并添加主成分质量1%的二氧化硅作为一次添加剂;
(2)混料:将上述配好的原料放入高效混合机内,以200rpm的速度干法混料3min,再以1500rpm的速度干法混料5min后得到混合料;
(3)造球:将混合料通过造球机造球得到直径8mm的料球;
(4)预烧:将料球放入箱式炉中1300℃下烧结2h,得到预烧料;
(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成4μm的粗粉后,与二次添加剂混合湿法球磨8h得到细料浆,二次添加剂包括二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末,二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末的质量分别占粗粉和二次添加剂总质量的0.2%及0.08%;湿法球磨时使用直径为∮6mm的钢球,湿法球磨时料、球、水的质量比为1:15:1;
(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体,湿压成型时在压制方向施加10000Oe的成型磁场,成型体是直径为40.2mm、高度为13mm的圆柱体,成型压力为4MPa,烧结温度1200℃,烧结时间60min。
熟料预烧粉末的制备方法与实施例1中相同。
对比例6:
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:将铁红与碳酸锶以元素摩尔比11:1混合得到主成分,并添加主成分质量1%的二氧化硅作为一次添加剂;
(2)混料:将上述配好的原料放入高效混合机内,以200rpm的速度干法混料3min,再以1500rpm的速度干法混料5min后得到混合料;
(3)造球:将混合料通过造球机造球得到直径8mm的料球;
(4)预烧:将料球放入箱式炉中1300℃下烧结2h,得到预烧料;
(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成4μm的粗粉后,与二次添加剂混合湿法球磨8h得到细料浆,二次添加剂包括碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末,碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末的质量分别占粗粉和二次添加剂总质量的0.4%、0.2%及0.08%;湿法球磨时使用直径为∮6mm的钢球,湿法球磨时料、球、水的质量比为1:15:1;
(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体,湿压成型时在压制方向施加10000Oe的成型磁场,成型体是直径为40.2mm、高度为13mm的圆柱体,成型压力为4MPa,烧结温度1200℃,烧结时间60min。
熟料预烧粉末的制备方法与实施例1中相同。
对比例7:
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:将铁红与碳酸锶以元素摩尔比11:1混合得到主成分,并添加主成分质量1%的二氧化硅作为一次添加剂;
(2)混料:将上述配好的原料放入高效混合机内,以200rpm的速度干法混料3min,再以1500rpm的速度干法混料5min后得到混合料;
(3)造球:将混合料通过造球机造球得到直径8mm的料球;
(4)预烧:将料球放入箱式炉中1300℃下烧结2h,得到预烧料;
(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成4μm的粗粉后,与二次添加剂混合湿法球磨8h得到细料浆,二次添加剂包括碳酸钙和熟料预烧粉末,碳酸钙和熟料预烧粉末的质量分别占粗粉和二次添加剂总质量的0.2%及0.08%;湿法球磨时使用直径为∮6mm的钢球,湿法球磨时料、球、水的质量比为1:15:1;
(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体,湿压成型时在压制方向施加10000Oe的成型磁场,成型体是直径为40.2mm、高度为13mm的圆柱体,成型压力为4MPa,烧结温度1200℃,烧结时间60min。
熟料预烧粉末的制备方法与实施例1中相同。
对比例8:
一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:将铁红与碳酸锶以元素摩尔比11:1混合得到主成分,并添加主成分质量1%的二氧化硅作为一次添加剂;
(2)混料:将上述配好的原料放入高效混合机内,以200rpm的速度干法混料3min,再以1500rpm的速度干法混料5min后得到混合料;
(3)造球:将混合料通过造球机造球得到直径8mm的料球;
(4)预烧:将料球放入箱式炉中1300℃下烧结2h,得到预烧料;
(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成4μm的粗粉后,与二次添加剂混合湿法球磨8h得到细料浆,二次添加剂包括碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末,碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末的质量分别占粗粉和二次添加剂总质量的0.2%、0.4%及0.08%;湿法球磨时使用直径为∮6mm的钢球,湿法球磨时料、球、水的质量比为1:15:1;
(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体,湿压成型时在压制方向施加10000Oe的成型磁场,成型体是直径为40.2mm、高度为13mm的圆柱体,成型压力为4MPa,烧结温度1200℃,烧结时间60min。
熟料预烧粉末的制备方法与实施例1中相同。
对上述实施例和对比例中制得的永磁铁氧体的性能进行测试,结果如表1所示。
编号 | Br(Gs) | Hcb(Oe) | Hcj(Oe) | (BH)<sub>max</sub>(MGOe) |
实施例1 | 4146 | 3062 | 3812 | 4.251 |
实施例2 | 4110 | 3022 | 3801 | 4.141 |
实施例3 | 4122 | 3045 | 3815 | 4.176 |
对比例1 | 3865 | 2988 | 3514 | 3.857 |
对比例2 | 3996 | 3008 | 3465 | 3.965 |
对比例3 | 3907 | 2981 | 3608 | 4.007 |
对比例4 | 3877 | 2985 | 3775 | 3.973 |
对比例5 | 3901 | 2993 | 3669 | 3.889 |
对比例6 | 3985 | 2916 | 3328 | 3.912 |
对比例7 | 3977 | 3001 | 3406 | 4.002 |
对比例8 | 3857 | 2994 | 3731 | 3.981 |
从表1中可以看出,实施例1~3中采用本发明中的方法制得的永磁铁氧体同时具有较高的剩磁、内禀矫顽力和最大磁能积;而对比例1中的二次添加剂中不添加本发明中的熟料预烧粉末,铁氧体的剩磁和内禀矫顽力与实施例1中相比有明显下降;对比例2中将二次添加剂中的熟料预烧粉末替换为碳酸锶,铁氧体的内禀矫顽力明显降低;对比例3中在配料时直接加入二次添加剂,制得的铁氧体各项性能均有降低;对比例4中改变二次添加剂中熟料预烧粉末的添加量,使其超出本发明中的范围,铁氧体的剩磁又明显降低;对比例5中的二次添加剂中不添加碳酸钙,铁氧体的剩磁下降,而对比例6中二次添加剂中添加的碳酸钙超出本发明中的范围,又会导致铁氧体的内禀矫顽力降低;对比例7中二次添加剂中不添加二氧化硅,铁氧体的内禀矫顽力与实施例1中相比明显降低,而对比例8中二次添加剂中添加过量二氧化硅,又会导致铁氧体的剩磁降低。证明在本发明中的二次添加剂中各组分的协同作用下,可以使永磁铁氧体材料具有良好的综合性能。
Claims (10)
1.一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其特征是,包括如下步骤:
(1)配料:将主成分与一次添加剂混合配料,所述主成分包括按分子式SrFexO19中铁原子和锶原子的摩尔比混合的铁红和碳酸锶,其中x为10~12;所述一次添加剂选自碳酸钙、二氧化硅和氧化铝中的一种;
(2)混料:配好的原料经干法混料得到混合料;
(3)造球:将混合料造球得到直径5~12mm的料球;
(4)预烧:将料球在1290~1390℃下烧结1.5~2.5h,得到预烧料;
(5)二次研磨:将预烧料粉碎成3.5~5μm的粗粉后,与二次添加剂混合湿法球磨7~9h得到细料浆,所述二次添加剂包括碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末;
(6)烧结:将细料浆湿压成型后烧结得到所述高性能永磁铁氧体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(1)中所述一次添加剂的质量为主成分质量的0~4%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(2)中混料时先以200~300rpm的转速混料2~3min,再以1400~1600rpm的转速混料4~6min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(5)中二次添加剂中的熟料预烧粉末的制备方法为:
A)原料细磨:将氧化铁纯度≥74.5wt%的铁鳞研磨至5~6μm,得到铁鳞粉末;
B)混合:按分子式SrFe12O19中铁原子和锶原子的摩尔比将铁鳞粉末与碳酸锶粉末混合均匀后得到预混料;
C)造球:将预混料造球成型,得直径为6~10mm的生料球;
D)预烧:将生料球预烧后得到预烧料;
E)粉碎:将预烧料干式粉碎后得到所述熟料预烧粉末。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其特征是,步骤A)中研磨前先将铁鳞在115~125℃下烘干至含水率≤1%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其特征是,步骤D)中的预烧温度1270~1280℃,预烧时间55~65min。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其特征是,步骤E)中所述熟料预烧粉末的平均粒度为6~8μm。
8.根据权利要求1或4所述的一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(5)的二次添加剂中,碳酸钙、二氧化硅和熟料预烧粉末的质量分别占粗粉和二次添加剂总质量的0.1~0.3%、0.1~0.3%及0.05~0.1%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(5)中湿法球磨时使用直径为∮4~∮8mm的钢球,湿法球磨时料、球、水的质量比为1:(14~16):1。
10.根据权利要求1所述的一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制备方法,其特征是,步骤(6)中烧结温度1100~1300℃,烧结时间50~70min。
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