CN111099889A - 一种提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的方法 - Google Patents
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- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trizinc;diborate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BIKXLKXABVUSMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将永磁铁氧体预烧料加入球磨机中,加入碳酸钙、二氧化硅、硼酸锌、氧化镧,然后加入水,球磨,得永磁铁氧体料浆;(2)将步骤(1)所得永磁铁氧体料浆沉淀过滤,得永磁铁氧体过滤料浆;(3)将步骤(2)所得永磁铁氧体过滤料浆注入模具,在磁场下加压成型,得永磁铁氧体生坯;(4)将步骤(3)所得永磁铁氧体生坯进行烧结,得永磁铁氧体。与传统的工艺方法相比,本发明提供的技术方案可以在料浆粒度≥1.0μm的条件下获得优异的磁性能,从而降低的料浆的成型难度,提高了生产效率,更加适用于制备复杂形状的永磁器件。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种永磁铁氧体的制造方法,尤其是涉及一种高性能永磁铁氧体的制造方法。
背景技术
永磁材料又名硬磁材料,它是一种经磁化即能对外界提供恒定磁场的材料。
永磁铁氧体材料由于其充磁后保持较大的磁能,能够长期的对外提供恒定的磁场,因此可以作为电能和机械能相互转化的媒介。
由于永磁铁氧体磁体是经过高温烧结的氧化物,因此不存在高温下腐蚀的问题,具有很高的稳定性,目前主要用于制备各类型电机、电声产品等的零部件,主要服务于汽车、家电及信息设备等行业。
现有制造永磁铁氧体磁体的主要工序包括:预烧料与配方的计量-球磨制粉- 磁场成型-高温烧结-磨削包装。永磁铁氧体磁体的关键性能指标包括剩磁Br和矫顽力Hc。
现有提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的方法主要是在制造永磁铁氧体的球磨阶段添加碳酸钙、二氧化硅、硼酸、氧化镧和氧化钴等添加剂。
碳酸钙和二氧化硅的添加可以在球磨阶段形成硅酸盐类物质,有效的抑制晶粒的生长并促进磁体的致密化;硼酸的添加对提高磁体的剩磁和矫顽力均有正面作用,但是添加的硼酸由于会在300℃~500℃发生剧烈的分解放出水蒸气,造成烧结过程中磁体的开裂,严重影响产品的合格率;复合添加氧化镧和氧化钴,通过Co2+对Fe3+进行了取代,由于Co2 +的磁矩是3μB小于Fe3+(5μB),导致反向磁矩较少,总磁矩增加,从而磁性能获得提高,但是由于氧化镧和氧化钴的价格很昂贵,会造成磁体的成本上升,同时在成型料浆粒度超过1.0μm的情况下,氧化镧和氧化钴的复合添加对提高磁性能的作用大幅减弱,因此不适用于大粒度料浆。
CN 105732017 A公开了一种提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的添加剂及方法,所述添加剂由碳酸钙、石英砂和碳化硅组成。所述方法,包括以下步骤:(1)将永磁铁氧体预烧料加入球磨机中,同时加入所述添加剂,然后加水,球磨,得永磁铁氧体料浆;(2)将永磁铁氧体料浆沉淀过滤,得永磁铁氧体过滤料浆;(3)将永磁铁氧体过滤料浆注入模具,在磁场强度450~950kA/m的条件下,加压350~500kg/cm2成型,得永磁铁氧体生坯;(4)将永磁铁氧体生坯在1150~1250℃下烧结0.5~3.0h,得永磁铁氧体。该技术方案在料浆粒度大于1.0μm的工艺条件下,材料磁性能会快速下降,无法获得具备实用价值的磁性能。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,克服现有技术存在的上述缺陷,提供一种提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案如下:一种提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将基材永磁铁氧体预烧料加入球磨机中,再加入添加剂碳酸钙、二氧化硅、硼酸锌、氧化镧,然后加入水,球磨,得永磁铁氧体料浆。
(2)将步骤(1)所得永磁铁氧体料浆沉淀过滤,得永磁铁氧体过滤料浆;
(3)将步骤(2)所得永磁铁氧体过滤料浆注入模具,在磁场下加压成型,得永磁铁氧体生坯;
(4)将步骤(3)所得永磁铁氧体生坯进行烧结,得永磁铁氧体。
进一步,步骤(1)中,所述碳酸钙的加入量相当于永磁铁氧体预烧料质量的0.6wt%-1.5wt%;优选的0.8wt%-1.2wt%。
进一步,步骤(1)中,二氧化硅的加入量相当于永磁铁氧体预烧料质量的0.15wt%-0.4wt%;优选0.2wt%-0.3wt%。
进一步,步骤(1)中,硼酸锌的加入量相当于永磁铁氧体预烧料质量的 0.2wt%-0.5wt%;优选0.3wt%-0.4wt%。
进一步,步骤(1)中,氧化镧的加入量相当于永磁铁氧体预烧料质量的 0.2wt%-0.8wt%,优选0.3wt%-0.6wt%。
进一步,步骤(1)中,所述硼酸锌和氧化镧的重量比为1∶1~1.5。
进一步,步骤(1)中,所述球磨至粒度为0.80~1.20μm。
研究表明,添加碳酸钙和二氧化硅可以促进磁体在烧结过程中的致密化生长。
研究还表明,添加硼酸锌可以同时提高磁体的剩磁Br和矫顽力Hc,可以替代硼酸的作用,并且不会造成烧结过程中磁体的开裂,同时硼酸锌的添加可以有效促进粒度大于1.0μm的料浆在烧结过程中的致密化,因此对促进磁体制造过程中合格率和成型效率的提高有明显的作用。
进一步的研究表明,添加氧化镧可以和硼酸锌共同作用提高磁体的密度,从而使得剩磁Br和矫顽力Hc均获得提高。
本发明方法可以在较大的粒度(1.0-1.2μm)下获得优异的磁性能,这对于制备复杂性状的产品,可以有效的提高产品成型效率和合格率,从而降低生产成本。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
各实施例和对比例使用的TYU-2000型磁性材料自动测量装置由长沙天恒测控技术有限公司制造,WLP-208型平均粒度测试仪由北京中西远大科技有限公司制造。
本发明实施例所使用的化学试剂,如无特殊说明,均通过常规商业途径获得。
实施例
各本实施例包括以下步骤:
(1)选取永磁铁氧体预烧料粉,每份料粉1000g做为主原料,将永磁铁氧体预烧料加入球磨机中,按照表1加入添加剂碳酸钙、二氧化硅、硼酸锌、氧化镧,然后加入水,球磨,得永磁铁氧体料浆;
(2)将步骤(1)所得永磁铁氧体料浆沉淀过滤,得永磁铁氧体过滤料浆;
(3)将步骤(2)所得永磁铁氧体过滤料浆注入模具,在磁场下加压成型,得永磁铁氧体生坯;
(4)将步骤(3)所得永磁铁氧体生坯进行烧结,得永磁铁氧体。
将主原料和配方料加入球磨机中,加水1500g,分别球磨成粒度为0.8μm、 1.0μm、1.2μm的料浆,将球磨好的料浆过滤沉淀至含水量为32wt%;将料浆注入模具,在磁场强度为530kA/m的条件下加压成型为直径Φ30.1mm的圆饼;将压制成的成型生坯放入烧结电窑中烧结,电窑的升温速率为3℃/min,在1220℃下烧结120min;将经过烧结的圆饼的上下两表面磨削抛光。
表1实施例1-9中碳酸钙、二氧化硅、硼酸锌、氧化镧的添加量及粒度
性能测试:采用TYU-2000型磁性材料自动测量装置对制得的产品的磁性能进行测试,测试结果见表2。
粒度测试:将少量沉淀好的料浆在电炉上烘烤,至料浆中水分完全除去,用打样机将料粉分散,将料粉过80目筛,采用WLP-208型平均粒度测试仪测试料粉的平均粒度。
表2实施例1-9的磁性能进行测试结果
对比例
采用与实施例相同的主原料和工艺路线,分别按照表三添加配方料。
表3对比例1-4的碳酸钙、二氧化硅、硼酸、氧化镧和氧化钴的添加量粒度
性能测试:采用TYU-2000型磁性材料自动测量装置对制得的产品的磁性能进行测试,测试结果见表四。
粒度测试:将少量沉淀好的料浆在电炉上烘烤,至料浆中水分完全除去,用打样机将料粉分散,将料粉过80目筛,采用WLP-208型平均粒度测试仪测试料粉的平均粒度。
表4对比例1-4的磁性能测试结果
综上所述,实施例中添加适量的碳酸钙、二氧化硅、硼酸锌和氧化镧后,与对比例中添加碳酸钙、二氧化硅、硼酸、氧化钴和氧化镧的试样相比,获得了更加优异的磁性能。特别是粒度在1.0μm以上的情况下,本发明的技术方案与添加硼酸、氧化钴和氧化镧的传统方案相比具备更佳的技术效果。
Claims (8)
1.一种提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)将基材永磁铁氧体预烧料加入球磨机中,再加入添加剂碳酸钙、二氧化硅、硼酸锌、氧化镧,然后加入水,球磨,得永磁铁氧体料浆;
(2)将步骤(1)所得永磁铁氧体料浆沉淀过滤,得永磁铁氧体过滤料浆;
(3)将步骤(2)所得永磁铁氧体过滤料浆注入模具,在磁场下加压成型,得永磁铁氧体生坯;
(4)将步骤(3)所得永磁铁氧体生坯进行烧结,得永磁铁氧体。
2.根据权利要求1所述提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述碳酸钙的加入量相当于永磁铁氧体预烧料质量的0.6wt%-1.5wt%;优选0.8wt%-1.2wt%。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,二氧化硅的加入量相当于永磁铁氧体预烧料质量的0.15wt%-0.4wt%;优选0.2wt%-0.3wt%。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,硼酸锌的加入量相当于永磁铁氧体预烧料质量的0.2wt%-0.5wt%。
5.根据权利要求4所述提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的方法,其特征在于,所述硼酸锌的加入量相当于永磁铁氧体预烧料质量的0.3wt%-0.4wt%。
6.根据权利要求1-5之一所述提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,氧化镧的加入量相当于永磁铁氧体预烧料质量的0.2wt%-0.8wt%,优选0.3wt%-0.6wt%。
7.根据权利要求1-6之一所述提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,所述硼酸锌和氧化镧的重量比为1∶1~1.5。
8.根据权利要求1-7之一所述提高永磁铁氧体磁性能的方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中所述球磨至粒度为0 .80~1.20μm。
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