CN110937888B - 一种料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110937888B
CN110937888B CN201911298852.2A CN201911298852A CN110937888B CN 110937888 B CN110937888 B CN 110937888B CN 201911298852 A CN201911298852 A CN 201911298852A CN 110937888 B CN110937888 B CN 110937888B
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申屠金昂
杨武国
吴赛航
翁凤华
方盛翔
何震宇
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Hengdian Group DMEGC Magnetics Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于烧结永磁铁氧体材料技术领域,公开了一种料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料及其制备方法。本发明的料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料组成为A1‑xRx(Fe12‑yMy)zO19,其中,A代表Sr、Ba、Ca中的两种或两种以上的元素,且必须含有Sr和Ca;R是选自稀土类元素以及Bi中的至少一种元素,且至少含有La;M是选自Co、Mn、Mg、Ni、Cu以及Zn中的至少一种元素,且至少含有Co;x、y、z代表摩尔比,且x为0.1~0.3,y为0.2~0.5;z为0.9~1.1。本发明通过配方和工艺优化,对预烧料二次预烧,使其充分反应,在保证材料性能基本不变的基础上,同比减少10%以上的Co元素成本。

Description

一种料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及烧结永磁铁氧体材料技术领域,具体是涉及一种料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
烧结永磁铁氧体具有磁性能稳定,抗退磁能力强,不易锈蚀,无需涂覆保护层,质硬而脆,可用于特殊刀具加工、切割等优点,而且价格低廉,使用成本低,因而广泛地用于汽车、家用电器,工业自动化等行业。
常规的铁氧体烧结工艺一般经过两次烧结,通过第一次的预烧使得原材料颗粒之间发生固相反应,使原材料绝大多数变为铁氧体,同时,材料体积明显收缩,从而达到减小烧成产品收缩率,减少产品变形概率的目的。第二次的烧结则是让成型后的铁氧体胚件在高温烧结炉中,加热到烧结温度,并保温一段时间然后冷却下来,使铁氧体生成反应完全,以达到技术要求的过程。在成型过程中会对磁体外加磁场实现取向排列,使得成型磁体烧结后能获得更好的磁性能,这就要求预烧料中要生成尽可能多的铁氧体相。单纯地提升反应温度或者延长保温时间虽然能加快反应速率,使反应更充分,但却容易导致内部晶粒过大,甚至温度过高会生成某些非磁性相,影响最终性能。
为提高烧结永磁铁氧体材料的磁性能,本领域技术人员主要采用LaCo联合离子取代技术来制造烧结永磁铁氧体,近年来,CaLaCo联合取代技术更是进一步提高了材料的性能,但是由于这些技术添加的昂贵稀土元素和稀有金属Co等越来越多,造成材料成本显著上升,稀土市场价格居高不下,企业成本大幅提高。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述背景技术的不足,提供一种料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料及其制备方法。所述料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料通过配方和工艺优化,对预烧料二次预烧,使其充分反应,降低成本,在保证材料性能基本不变的基础上,同比减少10%以上的Co元素成本,有效解决了中高档永磁铁氧体材料由于添加稀土元素较多导致的高成本问题。
为达到本发明的目的,本发明的料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料是以铁氧体相为主相的铁氧体磁性材料,其组成为A1-xRx(Fe12-yMy)zO19,其中,A代表Sr、Ba、Ca中的两种或两种以上的元素,且必须含有Sr和Ca;R是选自稀土类元素以及Bi中的至少一种元素,且至少含有La;M是选自Co、Mn、Mg、Ni、Cu以及Zn中的至少一种元素,且至少含有Co;x、y、z代表摩尔比,且x为0.1~0.3,y为0.2~0.5;z为0.9~1.1。
在前述基础上,本发明还提供了上述料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,该方法包括以下步骤:
(1)配料:按照各元素的摩尔配比将含有所需元素的化合物进行混合,再加入0.1~0.7wt%SiO2,所得的混合物通过湿式混合工艺进行粉碎,混合前各原料的平均粒度不大于2.0μm,混合后料浆颗粒的平均粒度不超过0.8μm;
(2)初步预烧:将步骤(1)中经过湿式混合工艺粉碎后的颗粒料压制成块,在空气中进行预烧,保温,其中,预烧温度为1100℃~1250℃,保温时间为0.5~3小时;
(3)二次预烧:将步骤(2)所得预烧料破碎,在空气中进行二次预烧,保温,其中,二次预烧温度为1150℃~1300℃,保温时间为0.5~3小时;
(4)球磨:取步骤(3)所得二次预烧料粉,以料粉质量计,添加0.20~0.30wt%的SiO2粉末,0.3~0.5wt%的CaCO3粉末,0.15~0.25wt%的Co2O3粉末,0.3~0.6wt%的葡萄糖酸钙,采用湿法方式连续球磨,球磨至浆料颗粒的平均粒度小于0.75μm;
(5)成型:调整步骤(4)中球磨所得浆料中的含水量,使得浆料含固量为55~75wt%,然后在磁场中成型;
(6)烧结:将步骤(5)所得成型体在富氧气氛下进行烧结得到永磁铁氧体材料。
进一步地,所述步骤(1)中湿式混合时间控制在3~5h之间,混合前各原料的平均粒度不大于2.0μm,混合后料浆颗粒的平均粒度不超过0.8μm。如果混合后料浆粒度过大,在预烧过程中容易引起预烧不充分,使得生成M相铁氧体的含量过低,而减小混合前原料的平均粒度有利于控制混合后料浆颗粒的平均粒度。
进一步地,所述步骤(2)中压制成块过程中,压力控制在5~10Mpa之间,压制的厚度控制在10~20mm之间。如此,可以获得一个较好的比表面积,避免因压制过薄导致的样块破碎以及压制过厚导致的烧结不均匀问题。
进一步地,所述步骤(3)中破碎过程中,加入0.15~0.25wt%的葡萄糖酸钙,进行粗粉碎,获得平均粒度4.5~5.5μm的粉料。
进一步地,所述步骤(3)中二次预烧过程中不压制成块,直接对料粉进行二次预烧;优选地,将料粉置于刚玉匣钵中进行二次预烧。
进一步地,所述步骤(4)中球磨时长控制在16-24h之间;优选地,所述步骤(4)中球磨时长控制在18~20h之间,所得料浆粒度控制在0.5~0.7μm之间。
进一步地,所述步骤(5)中成型过程中的成型磁场控制在14000~15000Oe之间。
进一步地,所述步骤(6)中烧结温度为1150℃~1250℃,保温时间为0.5~3小时。
优选地,所述步骤(6)中保温时间不超过2小时,以避免因烧结时间过长而造成内部晶粒生长过大导致的性能下降。
本发明人通过长期研究发现,在一次配方中添加SiO2,利用对预烧料的二次预烧,在二次预烧后加入SiO2和CaCO3能有效降低元素Co的添加量,降低了成本,且不但不降低磁性能,还获得了反应更完全,性能更高的产品,此外,制备工艺对设备无特殊要求,易于大规模工业化生产。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出,部分将从下面的描述中变得明显,或通过本发明的实践了解到。应当理解,以下描述仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
本文中所用的术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”或其任何其它变形,意在覆盖非排它性的包括。例如,包含所列要素的组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置不必仅限于那些要素,而是可以包括未明确列出的其它要素或此种组合物、步骤、方法、制品或装置所固有的要素。
当量、浓度、或者其它值或参数以范围、优选范围、或一系列上限优选值和下限优选值限定的范围表示时,这应当被理解为具体公开了由任何范围上限或优选值与任何范围下限或优选值的任一配对所形成的所有范围,而不论该范围是否单独公开了。例如,当公开了范围“1至5”时,所描述的范围应被解释为包括范围“1至4”、“1至3”、“1至2”、“1至2和4至5”、“1至3和5”等。当数值范围在本文中被描述时,除非另外说明,否则该范围意图包括其端值和在该范围内的所有整数和分数。
本发明实施例中配料工序选用原料如下:
Fe2O3粉末(纯度:99.3wt%,原料平均粒度:1.5μm):
SrCO3粉末(纯度:98.0wt%,原料原始平均粒度:1.8μm);
SiO2粉末(纯度:99wt%,原料平均粒度:2.0μm);
La2O3粉末(纯度:99.5wt%,原料平均粒度:2.0μm);
CaCO3粉末(纯度:99.5wt%,原料原始平均粒度:1.8μm);
Co2O3粉末(纯度:98wt%,原料平均粒度:2.0μm);
实施例一
预烧保温加长及二次预烧试验
称取Fe2O3粉末485.3g,SrCO3粉末34.65g,La2O3粉末33.07g,CaCO3粉末13.11g,Co2O3粉末10.24g。将上述称量好的原料加入球磨罐中,加入烧结助剂SiO2粉末0.57g,加水840ml,混合搅拌5小时,混合前各原料的平均粒度不大于2.0μm,混和后料浆颗粒的平均粒度不超过0.8μm。将料浆放入烘箱烘干
通过对预烧保温时间的控制及预烧次数的不同进行预烧料的制作。
对预烧后的样块添加0.2wt%的有机分散剂葡萄糖酸钙,随后在连续式干式振动球磨机中对预烧料进行粗粉碎和所加添加剂进行5分钟的干式粗粉碎,粉碎后的粉料的平均粒度约为5.0μm。
称取上述料粉450g,添加0.25wt%的SiO2粉末,0.4wt%的CaCO3粉末,0.4wt%的Co2O3粉末,加入0.4wt%的有机分散剂葡萄糖酸钙作为球磨助剂然后再添加680毫升的去离子水作为球磨介质,,在高效球磨机中进行20小时的湿法粉碎,粉碎后的料浆颗粒的平均粒度为0.62μm。
球磨后,对所得到的浆料中的含水量进行调整,其中调整至浆料含固量为70wt%,然后在磁场中成型;在压制的同时,在压制方向施加15000Oe的成型磁场。所得成型体是直径为43.2mm、高度为13mm的圆柱体,成型压力为2MPa。
在100℃~600℃的温度对成型体进行热处理,彻底去除有机分散剂,然后在富氧气氛下进行烧结,升温速度是150℃/小时,在1200℃保温1.5小时,获得烧结永磁铁氧体,所得的烧结永磁铁氧体的样品进行上下表面研磨。
表1预烧保温加长及二次预烧试验
Figure BDA0002321345980000061
从上表可以看出:一次预烧保温时间加长后,虽然Br有较为明显的提升,但是Hcb与Hcj性能有显著的下降;而通过二次预烧的料粉,不仅Br有了显著的提升,而且Hcb和Hcj也有了一定程度的增加。
实施例二
二次预烧后球磨Co含量添加对比
称取Fe2O3粉末485.3g,SrCO3粉末34.65g,La2O3粉末33.07g,CaCO3粉末13.11g,Co2O3粉末10.24g。将上述称量好的原料加入球磨罐中,加入烧结助剂SiO2粉末0.57g,加水840ml,混合搅拌5小时,混合前各原料的平均粒度不大于2.0μm,混和后料浆颗粒的平均粒度不超过0.8μm。将料浆烘干后压制成块,在空气中进行预烧结,烧结温度为1200℃,保温时间为1小时;对预烧后的样块添加0.2wt%的有机分散剂葡萄糖酸钙,随后在连续式干式振动球磨机中对预烧料进行粗粉碎和所加添加剂进行5分钟的干式粗粉碎,粉碎后的粉料的平均粒度约为5.0μm。
将预烧料粉进行在空气中进行二次预烧,二次预烧温度为1220℃,保温时长为1小时。再次进行粗粉碎。
称取上述料粉450g,添加0.25wt%的SiO2粉末,0.4wt%的CaCO3粉末,按三种不同钴量进行添加,加入0.4wt%的有机分散剂葡萄糖酸钙作为球磨助剂然后再添加680毫升的去离子水作为球磨介质,在高效球磨机中进行20小时的湿法粉碎,粉碎后的料浆颗粒的平均粒度为0.65μm。
球磨后,对所得到的浆料中的含水量进行调整,其中调整至浆料含固量为70wt%,然后在磁场中成型;在压制的同时,在压制方向施加15000Oe的成型磁场。所得成型体是直径为43.2mm、高度为13mm的圆柱体,成型压力为2MPa。
在100℃~600℃的温度对成型体进行热处理,彻底去除有机分散剂,然后在富氧气氛下进行烧结,升温速度是150℃/小时,在1200℃保温1.5小时,获得烧结永磁铁氧体,所得的烧结永磁铁氧体的样品进行上下表面研磨。
表2二次预烧后球磨Co含量添加对比实验
Figure BDA0002321345980000081
从上表可以看出:随着添加的Co含量减少,性能有所下降,但是适当的降低Co含量,Br性能下降不明显,内禀虽然略有降低,但是仍然比未经过二次预烧要高。
比较例1
与实施例2-2不同的是,一次预烧烧结温度为1200℃,保温时间为1小时。
比较例2
与实施例2-2不同的是,一次预烧前未加入SiO2
比较例3
与实施例2-2不同的是,二次预烧后未加入SiO2
比较例4
与实施例2-2不同的是,二次预烧后未加入CaCO3
表3对比例1-4的预烧料获得的磁性能
Figure BDA0002321345980000091
从上表可以看出,在一次预烧前未加入SiO2或二次预烧后未加入SiO2、CaCO3,添加的Co含量减少,即便进行二次预烧,所得的烧结永磁铁氧体的性能也不比一次预烧好。
本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.一种料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料是以铁氧体相为主相的铁氧体磁性材料,其组成为A1-xRx(Fe12-yMy)zO19,其中,A代表Sr、Ba、Ca中的两种或两种以上的元素,且必须含有Sr和Ca;R是选自稀土类元素以及Bi中的至少一种元素,且至少含有La;M是选自Co、Mn、Mg、Ni、Cu以及Zn中的至少一种元素,且至少含有Co;x、y、z代表摩尔比,且x为0.1~0.3,y为0.2~0.5;z为0.9~1.1,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(1)配料:按照各元素的摩尔配比将含有所需元素的化合物进行混合,再加入0.1~0.7wt%SiO2,所得的混合物通过湿式混合工艺进行粉碎,混合前各原料的平均粒度不大于2.0μm,混合后料浆颗粒的平均粒度不超过0.8μm;
(2)初步预烧:将步骤(1)中经过湿式混合工艺粉碎后的颗粒料压制成块,在空气中进行预烧,保温,其中,预烧温度为1100℃~1250℃,保温时间为0.5~3小时;
(3)二次预烧:将步骤(2)所得预烧料破碎,在空气中进行二次预烧,保温,其中,二次预烧温度为1150℃~1300℃,保温时间为0.5~3小时;
(4)球磨:取步骤(3)所得二次预烧料粉,以料粉质量计,添加0.20~0.30wt%的SiO2粉末,0.3~0.5wt%的CaCO3粉末,0.15~0.25wt%的Co2O3粉末,0.3~0.6wt%的葡萄糖酸钙,采用湿法方式连续球磨,球磨至浆料颗粒的平均粒度小于0.75μm;
(5)成型:调整步骤(4)中球磨所得浆料中的含水量,使得浆料含固量为55~75wt%,然后在磁场中成型;
(6)烧结:将步骤(5)所得成型体在富氧气氛下进行烧结得到永磁铁氧体材料;
所述步骤(1)中湿式混合时间控制在3~5h之间,混合前各原料的平均粒度不大于2.0μm,混合后料浆颗粒的平均粒度不超过0.8μm;
所述步骤(2)中压制成块过程中,压力控制在5~10Mpa之间,压制的厚度控制在10~20mm之间;
所述步骤(3)中破碎过程中,加入0.15~0.25wt%的葡萄糖酸钙,进行粗粉碎,获得平均粒度4.5~5.5μm的粉料;
所述步骤(3)中二次预烧过程中不压制成块,直接对料粉进行二次预烧;
所述步骤(5)中成型过程中的成型磁场控制在14000~15000Oe之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中球磨时长控制在16-24h之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中球磨时长控制在18~20h之间,所得料浆粒度控制在0.5~0.7μm之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述料粉二次预烧的高性能永磁铁氧体材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(6)中烧结温度为1150℃~1250℃,保温时间为0.5~3小时。
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