CN111933864A - 能量储存装置 - Google Patents
能量储存装置 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111933864A CN111933864A CN201910564335.9A CN201910564335A CN111933864A CN 111933864 A CN111933864 A CN 111933864A CN 201910564335 A CN201910564335 A CN 201910564335A CN 111933864 A CN111933864 A CN 111933864A
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- polymer
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种能量储存装置,包括:阳极及阴极;以及隔离膜,其设置于该阳极及该阴极之间;其中,该阳极、阴极及隔离膜中的至少一个包含共聚高分子,该共聚高分子作为该能量储存装置的非水性粘合剂及/或固态电解质,且该共聚高分子为丙烯腈与含有导离子基团的单体及/或含有乙烯基的单体经聚合反应后所形成的共聚物或其衍生物。借此,可使应用该共聚高分子的能量储存装置具有较佳的充放电性质,可有效地延长能量储存装置的效率及寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明关于一种能量储存装置,特别关于一种能量储存装置,其阳极、阴 极及隔离膜中的至少一者包含共聚高分子,且该共聚高分子为丙烯腈与含有导 离子基团的单体及/或含有乙烯基的单体经聚合反应后所形成的共聚物或其衍 生物。
背景技术
能量储存装置被广泛应用于各种电子产品中。能量储存装置中所使用的共 聚高分子的物理及化学特性,对于能量储存装置的充放电效能具有一定程度的 影响。因此,如何修饰该共聚高分子的化学结构,借此改善能量储存装置的充 放电效能为本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识者所努力的目标。
US 8993157 B2揭示了一种电化学电池,其中,该电化学电池的阳极所使 用的共聚高分子(PVDF-g-PAN)将丙烯腈基团接枝到由聚偏二氟乙烯 (polyvinylidenedifluoride,PVDF)所构成的主链上。
发明内容
先前技术的能量储存装置中所使用的共聚高分子在改善能量储存装置的 充放电效能方面,仍有进步的空间。因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种新颖 的能量储存装置,其具有良好的充放电效能。
为达上述目的及其他目的,本发明提供一种能量储存装置,包括:
阳极及阴极;以及
隔离膜,其设置于该阳极及该阴极之间;
其中,该阳极、阴极及隔离膜中的至少一个包含共聚高分子,该共聚高分 子作为该能量储存装置的非水性粘合剂及/或电解质,其粘合剂适用于锂电池 阴极、阳极或隔离膜非水的涂布制程,而前述的电解质包含胶态与固态,且该 共聚高分子为丙烯腈与含有导离子基团的单体及/或含有乙烯基的单体经聚合 反应后所形成的共聚物或其衍生物。
于本发明的一实施例中,该共聚高分子含有如下列所示的结构:
其中:
GI衍生自丙烯腈或含有腈基的单体;
GII衍生自含有导离子基团的极性单体,其中R2包含下列官能基其中至少 一种或其组合:酰胺(amide)、胺基(amino group)、吡咯烷酮基(pyrrolidone group)、醚基(ethergroup)、咪唑基(imidazole group)、铵基(Ammonium group, R-NH3 +、(R)2-NH2 +、(R)3-NH+、(R)4-N+)、羧基(carboxy group),其羧基包含 丙烯酸(acrylic acid)、甲基丙烯酸(methacrylic acid)、马来酸(maleic acid)、亚 甲基丁二酸(itaconic acid)等,含硫化物的酸基,如:磺酸基(sulfonic acid group, -SO3H)、硫酸基(sulfuric group),含磷化物的酸基,如:磷酸基(phosphoric acid group,-PO3H3),以及上述酸基所衍生的酯基(ester group)或上述酸基、吡咯烷 酮基以及咪唑基等四级铵、四级磷所衍生的盐基(saltgroup);
GIII衍生自含有反应性官能基的单体,其中R3可包含下列官能基中一种或 其组合:羟基(Hydroxy group)、环氧基(Epoxy group)、异氰酸酯基(isocyanate group)、胺基(amino group);
GIV衍生自含有乙烯基的单体(olefinic monomer),其中R4可包含下列官能 基中一种或其组合:C1~C30饱和与不饱和的烷基(Alkyl group)、苯基(Phenyl group)、苯甲基(benzyl group);
其中R1为H或CH3;
其中,该共聚高分子的重复单元的数量符合下列条件:
于本发明的一实施例中,该共聚高分子中:
GI衍生自丙烯腈或含有腈基的单体
GII衍生自含有导离子基团的极性单体,其可包含自下列化合物中的至少 一种或其组合:N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(n-vinylpyrrolidone)、丙烯酰胺(Acrylamide)、 甲基丙烯酰胺(methacrylamide)、二甲基丙烯酰胺(N,N-dimethyl acrylamide)、 二乙基丙烯酰胺(N,N-diethyl acrylamide)、丙烯酰吗啉(Acryloyl morpholine)、 丙烯酸(Acrylic acid)、甲基丙烯酸(Methacrylic acid)、乙酸乙烯酯(vinyl acetate)、 聚(乙二醇)甲基丙烯酸酯(Poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate)、磺酸苯乙烯 (polystyrene sulfonate);
GIII衍生自含有反应性官能基的单体,其可包含自下列化合物中的一种或 其组合:甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(Glycidyl methacrylate)、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯 (Glycidylacrylate)、乙烯基环氧环己烷(Vinyl epoxy cyclohexane)、甲基丙烯酸 2-(2-环氧乙烷基甲氧基)乙酯(2-(2-Oxiranylmethoxy)ethyl methacrylate)、甲基丙 烯酸羟乙酯(2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate)、烯丙基胺(Allylamine)、乙烯胺 (vinylamine);
GIV衍生自含有乙烯基的单体(olefinic monomer),其可包含自下列化合物 中的一种或其组合:衍生自含有乙烯基的单体(olefinic monomer),其可包含自 下列化合物中的一种或其组合:丙烯酸异辛酯(2-Ethylhexyl acrylate)、丙烯酸 丁酯(n-Butylacrylate)、丙烯酸异丁酯(isobutyl acrylate)、丙烯酸甲酯(Methyl acrylate)、氯乙烯(Vinyl chloride)、二氯乙烯(vinylidene chloride)、溴乙烯(vinyl bromide)、亚甲基丁二酸二丁酯(Dibutyl Itaconate)、马来酸二甲酯(Dimethyl maleate)、马来酸二乙酯(Diethyl maleate)、马来酸二丁酯(Dibutyl maleate)、苯 乙烯(Styrene)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Methyl methacrylate)、丁二烯(1,3-Butadiene)、 异戊二烯(Isoprene)。
于本发明的一实施例中,该共聚高分子可进一步与聚醚氨(polyether amine)、聚醚二氨(polyether diamine)、牛磺酸(Taurine)、咪唑(imidazole)、磺内 酯(1,3-Propanesultone)或其衍生物进行反应以获得改质或交联。借此,将该共 聚高分子改质为具有阴离子、阳离子、非离子或交联结构的共聚高分子。
本发明中的共聚高分子可经由自由基聚合、活性自由基聚合、乳化聚合或 氢化还原聚合而制备而成。
举例来说,该共聚高分子中由含有环氧基的单体(例如:甲基丙烯酸缩水 甘油酯)所衍生的重复单元中的环氧基团可进行开环反应,借此衔接非离子、 阳离子或阴离子基团以获得改质或交联,或可借由开环反应与另一共聚高分子 形成交联结构。具体而言,该共聚高分子可进一步与例如:聚醚氨(polyether amine)、牛磺酸(Taurine)、聚醚二氨(polyether diamine)、咪唑(imidazole)或其衍 生物进行反应以获得改质或交联,并可将经改质或交联的共聚高分子应用于本 发明的能量储存装置。
于本发明的一实施例中,该能量储存装置的阳极含有活性物质、导电碳以 及该共聚高分子,且该共聚高分子的含量占该阳极成分的0.01~30%重量百分 比。
于本发明的一实施例中,该共聚高分子的含量占该阴极成分的0.01~30% 重量百分比。
于本发明的一实施例中,该隔离膜经由涂布浆料或配方所形成,其中,该 共聚高分子的含量占该浆料或配方成分的0.1~30%重量百分比。
于本发明的一实施例中,该共聚高分子的含量占该固态电解质成分的 0.1~90%重量百分比。
本发明的能量储存装置具有较佳的充放电性质,借由应用特定的共聚高分 子,可有效地延长该能量储存装置的效率及寿命。
附图说明
图1为包含共聚高分子P(AN-GMA-NVP)的锂镍钴锰氧正极的粘着力测试 结果。
图2为包含共聚高分子P(AN-GMA-MMA)的锂镍钴锰氧正极的粘着力测 试结果。
图3为包含PVDF的锂镍钴锰氧正极的粘着力测试结果。
具体实施方式
为充分了解本发明的目的、特征及功效,兹借由下述具体的实施例,对本 发明做一详细说明,说明如后:
本发明的能量储存装置中所应用的共聚高分子可为丙烯腈与含有导离子 基团的单体及/或含有乙烯基的单体经聚合反应后所形成的共聚物或其衍生 物。举例来说,该含有乙烯基的单体可为乙烯基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酸甲酯、聚(乙 二醇)甲基丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(压克力的单体)或乙烯基吡啶。 此外,该共聚高分子可为丙烯腈与含有导离子基团的单体、含有乙烯基的单体 及/或含有环氧基的单体经聚合反应后所形成的共聚物或其衍生物。该含有环 氧基的单体可为甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(Glycidylmethacrylate)、丙烯酸缩水甘 油酯(Glycidyl acrylate)、乙烯基环氧环己烷(Vinylepoxy cyclohexane)或甲基丙 烯酸2-(2-环氧乙烷基甲氧基)乙酯(2-(2-Oxiranylmethoxy)ethyl methacrylate),且 该共聚高分子可含有如下列所示的结构。
其中:
GI衍生自丙烯腈;
GII衍生自含有导离子基团的极性单体,其中R2包含下列官能基其中至少 一种或其组合:酰胺(amide)、胺基(amino group)、吡咯烷酮基(pyrrolidone group)、醚基(ethergroup)、咪唑基(imidazole group)、铵基(Ammonium group, R-NH3 +、(R)2-NH2 +、(R)3-NH+、(R)4-N+)、羧基(carboxy group),其羧基包含丙 烯酸(acrylic acid)、甲基丙烯酸(methacrylic acid)、马来酸(maleic acid)、亚甲 基丁二酸(itaconic acid)等,含硫化物的酸基,如:磺酸基(sulfonic acid group, -SO3H)、硫酸基(sulfuric group),含磷化物的酸基,如:磷酸基(phosphoric acid group,-PO3H3),以及上述酸基所衍生的酯基(ester group)或上述酸基、吡咯烷 酮基以及咪唑基等四级铵、四级磷所衍生的盐基(saltgroup);
GIII衍生自含有反应性官能基的单体,其中R3包含下列官能基中一种或其 组合:羟基(Hydroxy group)、环氧基(Epoxy group)、异氰酸酯基(isocyanate group)、胺基(amino group);
GIV衍生自含有乙烯基的单体(olefinic monomer),其中R4包含下列官能基 中一种或其组合:C1~C30饱和与不饱和的烷基(Alkyl group)、苯基(Phenyl group)、苯甲基(benzyl group);
其中R1为H或CH3;
其中,该共聚高分子的重复单元的数量符合下列条件:
在本发明的一实施例中,重复单元的数量a可为100~50000;重复单元的 数量b可为100~10000;重复单元的数量c可为100~10000;以及重复单元的 数量d可为100~10000。
实施例1
实施例1-1:P(AN-NVP)的制备
将丙烯腈(2-propenenitrile)与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(N-Vinylpyrrolidone)以重量比9∶1的比例搅拌混合,再加入适量偶氮二异丁醚盐酸盐作为起始剂。加热 至60℃,持续反应12小时。反应12小时后,将析出的产物以离心过滤法过 滤,取下白色固体真空烘箱烘干24小时,所得即为丙烯腈-吡咯烷酮共聚物。 将此产物命名为P(AN-NVP)。
实施例1-1的合成物如式(IV)所示
a与b比例为9∶1。
实施例1-2:P(AN-Am)的制备
将丙烯氰与甲基丙烯酰胺(methacrylamide)以重量比9∶1∶1的比例搅拌混 合,再加入适量起始剂。加热至60℃,持续反应12小时。反应12小时后, 将析出的产物以离心过滤法过滤,取下白色固体真空烘箱烘干24小时,所得 即为丙烯腈甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物。将此产物命名为P(AN-Am)。
实施例1-2的合成物如式(V)所示
其中,R1为-NH2;
R’为-CH3;
a与b比例为9∶1。
实施例1-3:P(AN-AA)的制备
将丙烯氰与丙烯酸(Acrylic acid)以重量比9∶1的比例搅拌混合,再加入适 量起始剂。加热至60℃,持续反应12小时。反应12小时后,将析出的产物 以离心过滤法过滤,取下白色固体真空烘箱烘干24小时,所得即为丙烯腈- 丙烯酸共聚物。将此产物命名为P(AN-AA)。
实施例1-3的合成物如式(VI)所示
其中,
a与b比例为9∶1;
R1及R’为H。
实施例1-4:P(AN-GMA-NVP)的制备
将丙烯腈(2-propenenitrile)与甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(Glycidylmethacrylate) 以及N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(N-Vinylpyrrolidone)以重量比9∶1∶1的比例搅拌混合, 再加入适量偶氮二异丁醚盐酸盐作为起始剂。加热至60℃,持续反应12小时。 反应12小时后,将析出的产物以离心过滤法过滤,取下白色固体真空烘箱烘 干24小时,所得即为丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-吡咯烷酮共聚物。将此 产物命名为P(AN-GMA-NVP)。
实施例1-4的合成物如式(VII)所示
a与b与c比例为9∶1∶1。
实施例1-5:P(AN-GMA-MMA)以聚醚氨改质共聚高分子的制备
将实施例1-4所合成的P(AN-GMA-MMA)3g溶于NMP 20ml中,并加入 0.3g的聚醚氨(M1000,Huntsman),60℃下反应6小时即可得到聚醚氨改质的 P(AN-GMA-MMA)。
实施例1-6:P(AN-GMA-MMA)以聚醚二氨改质交联高分子的制备
将实施例1-4所合成的P(AN-GMA-MMA)3g溶于NMP 20ml中,并加入 0.3g的聚醚二氨(ED2003,Huntsman),60℃下反应6小时即可得到以聚醚二 氨改质交联的P(AN-GMA-MMA)高分子。
实施例1-7:P(AN-GMA-MMA)以阴离子基团改质共聚高分子的制备
将实施例1-4所合成的P(AN-GMA-MMA)3g溶于NMP 20ml中,并加入 0.1g的牛磺酸,60℃下反应6小时即可得到以阴离子基团改质交联的 P(AN-GMA-MMA)高分子。
实施例2
实施例2-1:P(AN-ALi-PEGMA-VP)的制备
将丙烯腈(2-propenenitrile)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(Glycidylmethacrylate),聚(乙二醇)甲基丙烯酸酯(Polyethylene glycol methacrylate),N- 乙烯基吡咯烷酮(N-Vinylpyrrolidone)以重量比9∶1∶0.5∶0.5的比例搅拌混合,再 加入适量起始剂。加热至60℃,持续反应12小时。反应12小时后,再加入 1M的LiOH进入反应器中搅拌24小时,将析出的产物以离心过滤法过滤,取 下白色固体真空烘箱烘干24小时,所得的丙烯腈共聚物,命名为 P(AN-ALi-PEGMA-VP)。
实施例2-1的合成物如式(VII)所示:
其中,R1为-CH3;
R’为Li;
R”为-CH3;
a、b、c与d比例为9∶1∶0.5∶0.5。
实施例2-2:P(AN-GMA-PEGMA-MMA)的制备
将丙烯腈(2-propenenitrile)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(Glycidylmethacrylate),聚(乙二醇)甲基丙烯酸酯(Polyethylene glycol methacrylate),丙 烯酸甲酯(methyl methacrylate)以重量比9∶1∶0.5∶0.5的比例搅拌混合,再加入适 量起始剂。加热至60℃,持续反应12小时。反应12小时后,将析出的产物 以离心过滤法过滤,取下白色固体真空烘箱烘干24小时,所得的丙烯腈共聚 物,命名为P(AN-GMA-PEGMA-MMA)。
实施例2-2的合成物如式(VIII)所示
其中,R1为-CH3;
R’为-CH3;
R”为-CH3;
a、b、c与d比例为9∶1∶0.5∶0.5。
实施例2-3:P(AN-Am-VP-SSt)的制备
将丙烯腈(2-propenenitrile)、甲基丙烯酰胺(methacrylamide),N-乙烯基吡 咯烷酮(N-Vinylpyrrolidone),磺酸苯乙烯(sulfonated styrene)以重量比9∶1∶0.5∶0.5 的比例搅拌混合,再加入适量起始剂。加热至60℃,持续反应12小时。反应 12小时后,将析出的产物以离心过滤法过滤,取下白色固体真空烘箱烘干24 小时,所得的丙烯腈共聚物,命名为P(AN-Am-VP-SSt)。
实施例2-3的合成物如式(IX)所示
R’为-NH2;
其中,a、b、c与d比例为9∶1∶0.5∶0.5。
实施例3
实施例3-1:P(AN-GMA-PEGMA-MMA-VP)的制备
将丙烯腈(2-propenenitrile)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(Glycidylmethacrylate),聚(乙二醇)甲基丙烯酸酯(Polyethylene glycol methacrylate),丙 烯酸甲酯(methyl methacrylate),与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(N-Vinylpyrrolidone)以重 量比9∶0.15∶0.15∶1∶1的比例搅拌混合,再加入适量起始剂。加热至60℃,持 续反应12小时。反应12小时后,将析出的产物以离心过滤法过滤,取下白色 固体真空烘箱烘干24小时,所得的丙烯腈共聚物,命名为 P(AN-GMA-PEGMA-MMA-VP)。
实施例3-1的合成物如式(X)所示
其中,R1为-CH3;
R’为-CH3;
R”为-CH3;
a、b、c、d与e比例为9∶0.15∶0.15∶1∶1。
实施例3-2:P(AN-Mam-EG-VP-Im)的制备
将丙烯腈(2-propenenitrile)、N,N-二甲基甲基丙烯酰胺 (N,N-Dimethylmethacrylamide),聚(乙二醇)甲基丙烯酸酯(Polyethylene glycolmethacrylate),与N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(N-Vinylpyrrolidone),1-乙烯基咪唑 (1-Vinylimidazole)以重量比8.9∶1∶0.2∶0.2∶0.7的比例搅拌混合,再加入适量起始 剂。加热至60℃,持续反应12小时。反应12小时后,将析出的产物以离心 过滤法过滤,取下白色固体真空烘箱烘干24小时,所得的丙烯腈共聚物,命 名为P(AN-Mam-EG-VP-Im)。
实施例3-2的合成物如式(XI)所示
其中,R1为-CH3;
R’为-N(CH3)2;
R”为-CH3;
a、b、c、d与e比例为8.9∶1∶0.2∶0.2∶0.7。
实施例4
实施例4-1,制备各别以实施例1-1~3-2的共聚高分子作为粘着剂的锂镍 钴锰氧(Li(NiCoMn)O2)正极极片
将实施例1-1~3-2所制备的共聚高分子作为粘着剂,与商用碳粉(Super P), 商用锂镍钴锰氧(Li(NiCoMn)O2,BASF)以重量比2.1∶2.5∶95.4的比例混合并以NMP作为溶剂,以旋转搅拌机(海裕)搅拌1小时。将搅拌完成的浆料以自动 涂布机(elcometer,3570)涂布在铝箔上后,置入真空烘箱升温至100℃,加热 24小时后取出,以碾压机滚压极片,即可得含有实施例1-1~3-2的共聚高分子 的锂镍钴锰氧正极。
实施例4-2:含共聚高分子正极的拉力测试
将实施例4-1所制备正极试片,贴上3M胶带,以拉力机(ALGOL, JSV-HS1000)进行拉力测试。
图1为使用实施例1-1的P(AN-NVP)作为正极的粘着剂的正极拉力测试 结果。图2为使用实施例1-2的P(AN-Am)作为正极的粘着剂的正极拉力测试 结果。可以观察到实施例1-1与1-2,皆比PVDF有较优异的附着力。
实施例4-3:含共聚高分子正极的锂离子电池的充放电测试
将实施例4-1所制备的正极极片,分别以钮扣型电池形式组装。首先,将 商用聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)膜作为隔离膜置于上述锂镍钴锰氧 (Li(NiCoMn)O2)正极与锂金属负极之间。以小电流自动化充放电测试系统 (AcuTech Systems,BAT-750B)量测含共聚高分子的正极锂离子半电池的充放 电效能。电位设定范围为2.8~4.2V,充电电流值设定为0.1C,放电电流值设 定为0.1C、0.5C、1C、3C、5C,结果如下表所示。
上述含有共聚高分子正极的锂离子半电池在不同电流值设定下,所得到的 放电电容值,如表1~表8所示。由表1~8可观察在不同比例与共聚高分子的 组成中,相较于PVDF作为电极接着剂,在不同充放电电流下皆具有较优异 的充放电性能。
表1:含实施例1-1的共聚高分子的正极半电池在不同充放电流值下电容 量
表2:含实施例1-2的共聚高分子的正极半电池在不同充放电流值下电容 量
表3:含实施例1-3的共聚高分子的正极半电池在不同充放电流值下电容 量
表4:含实施例1-4的共聚高分子的正极半电池在不同充放电流值下电容 量
表5:含实施例1-5的共聚高分子的正极半电池在不同充放电流值下电容 量
表6:含实施例1-6的共聚高分子的正极半电池在不同充放电流值下电容 量
表7:含实施例1-7的共聚高分子的正极半电池在不同充放电流值下电容 量
表8:含实施例2-1的共聚高分子的正极半电池在不同充放电流值下电容 量
表9:含实施例2-2的共聚高分子的正极半电池在不同充放电流值下电容 量
表10:含实施例2-3的共聚高分子的正极半电池在不同充放电流值下电 容量
表11:含实施例3-1的共聚高分子的正极半电池在不同充放电流值下电 容量
表12:含实施例3-2的共聚高分子的正极半电池在不同充放电流值下电 容量
实施例5
实施例5-1,制备各别以实施例1-1~3-2的共聚高分子作为粘着剂的石墨 负极极片
将实施例1-1~3-2所制备的共聚高分子作为粘着剂,与商用碳粉(Super P), 商用石墨以重量比3.8∶1.8∶94.4的比例混合并以NMP作为溶剂,以旋转搅拌机 (海裕)搅拌1小时。将搅拌完成的浆料以自动涂布机(elcometer,3570)涂布在铜 箔上后,置入真空烘箱升温至100℃,加热24小时后取出,以碾压机滚压极 片,即可得含有实施例1-1~3-2的共聚高分子的石墨负极极片。
实施例5-2:含共聚高分子负极的锂离子电池的充放电测试
将实施例5-1所制备的正极极片,分别以钮扣型电池形式组装。首先,将 商用聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)膜作为隔离膜置于上述石墨负极与锂金属正极 之间。以小电流自动化充放电测试系统(AcuTech Systems,BAT-750B)量测含共 聚高分子的负极的锂离子半电池的充放电效能。电位设定范围为0.05~2V,充 电电流值设定为0.1C,放电电流值设定为0.1C、0.5C、1C、3C、5C。
上述含有共聚高分子的锂离子半电池在不同电流值设定下,所得到的放电 电容值,如表13、表14所示。依据表13与14结果可知,在实施例1-1与1-2 共聚高分子皆可在负极测试中较PVDF有较佳的表现。
表13:含实施例1-1的共聚高分子负极半电池在不同充放电流值下的电 容量
表14:含实施例1-2的共聚高分子负极半电池在不同充放电流值下的电 容量
实施例6
实施例6-1,制备各别以实施例1-1的共聚高分子作为粘着剂的陶瓷涂布 隔离膜
将实施例1-1所制备的共聚高分子作为模离模涂布的粘着剂,将1-1所制 备的共聚高分子溶于NMP中,后将氧化铝(Al2O3)粉末与1-1共聚高分子依8∶2 比例均匀分散于NMP溶液中,后涂布于模离膜上,利用80度C烘干即可得 陶瓷涂布的隔离膜。
将实施例6-1所制备的陶瓷涂布隔离膜,分别以钮扣型电池形式组装。首 先,将陶瓷涂布隔离膜作为隔离膜于锂镍钴锰氧(Li(NiCoMn)O2)正极与锂金属 负极之间。以小电流自动化充放电测试系统(AcuTech Systems,BAT-750B)量测 含共聚高分子的锂离子半电池的充放电效能。电位设定范围为0.05~2V,充电 电流值设定为0.1C,放电电流值设定为0.1C、0.5C、1C、3C、5C。
表14:含实施例6-1的陶瓷涂布的隔离膜组成半电池在不同充放电流值 下的电容量
综合上述实施例可了解,本发明的能量储存装置中所包含的共聚高分子可 具有一种以上如式(A)所示的重复单元(例如:实施例2-3、3-2):
也可具有一种以上如式(B)所示的重复单元(例如:实施例2-2、3-1)
此外本发明的能量储存装置中所包含的共聚高分子也可具有上述式(A)及 式(B)所示的重复单元的任意组合。
实施例7
实施例7-1将实施例1-1的共聚高分子与商用PVDF混掺作为粘着剂的锂 镍钴锰氧(Li(NiCoMn)O2)正极极片
将PVDF、实施例1-1的P(AN-NVP)共聚高分子与商用Super P及商用锂 镍钴锰氧(Li(NiCoMn)O2,BASF)以重量比1.05∶1.05∶2.5∶95.4的比例混合并以 NMP做溶剂,以旋转搅拌机(海裕)搅拌1小时。将搅拌完成的浆料以自动涂 布机(elcometer,3570)涂布在铝箔上后,置入真空烘箱升温至100℃,加热24 小时后取出,以碾压机滚压极片,即可得以Pristine PVDF作为粘着剂的锂镍 钴锰氧正极。
实施例7-2:将实施例7-1所制备的PVDF锂镍钴锰氧(Li(NiCoMn)O2)正 极,分别以钮扣型电池形式组装。首先,将商用聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)膜 作为隔离膜置于上述锂镍钴锰氧(Li(NiCoMn)O2)正极与锂金属负极之间。以小 电流自动化充放电测试系统(AcuTech Systems,BAT-750B)量测含有Pristine PVDF的正极锂离子半电池的充放电效能。电位设定范围为2.8~4.2V,充电电 流值设定为0.1C,放电电流值设定为0.1C、0.5C、1C、3C、5C。
表15:含实施例1-1的共聚高分子与PVDF混掺的正极半电池在不同充 放电流值下电容量
比较例1:Pristine PVDF正极
比较例1-1:使用聚偏二氟乙烯(polyvinylidene difluoride,PVDF)作为为粘 着剂的锂镍钴锰氧(Li(NiCoMn)O2)正极材料的制备
将PVDF与商用Super P及商用锂镍钴锰氧(Li(NiCoMn)O2,BASF)以重量 比2.1∶2.5∶95.4的比例混合并以NMP做溶剂,以旋转搅拌机(海裕)搅拌1小时。 将搅拌完成的浆料以自动涂布机(elcometer,3570)涂布在铝箔上后,置入真空烘 箱升温至100℃,加热24小时后取出,以碾压机滚压极片,即可得以Pristine PVDF作为粘着剂的锂镍钴锰氧正极。
比较例1-2:将比较例1-1所制备PVDF的正极试片,贴上3M胶带,以 拉力机(ALGOL,JSV-HS1000)进行拉力测试。
图3为使用比较例1的PVDF作为正极的粘着剂的正极拉力测试结果。
比较例1-3:将实施例1-1所制备的PVDF锂镍钴锰氧(Li(NiCoMn)O2)正 极,分别以钮扣型电池形式组装。首先,将商用聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)膜 作为隔离膜置于上述锂镍钴锰氧(Li(NiCoMn)O2)正极与锂金属负极之间。以小 电流自动化充放电测试系统(AcuTech Systems,BAT-750B)量测含有Pristine PVDF的正极锂离子半电池的充放电效能。电位设定范围为2.8~4.2V,充电电 流值设定为0.1C,放电电流值设定为0.1C、0.5C、1C、3C、5C。
比较例1-3的正极锂离子半电池在不同电流值设定下,所得到的放电电容 值,如表16所示。
表16:
比较例2:PVDF(负极)
比较例2-1:使用PVDF作为粘着剂的石墨负极极片的制备
将PVDF与商用Super P及商用石墨以重量比2.1∶2.5∶95.4的比例混合并以 NMP做溶剂,以旋转搅拌机(海裕)搅拌1小时。将搅拌完成的浆料以自动涂 布机(elcometer,3570)涂布在铜箔上后,置入真空烘箱升温至100℃,加热24 小时后取出,以碾压机滚压极片,即可得PVDF粘着剂的石墨负极。
比较例2-2:将比较例2-1所制备的PVDF石墨负极,分别以钮扣型电池 形式组装。首先,将商用聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)膜作为隔离膜置于上述锂 镍钴锰氧(Li(NiCoMn)O2)正极与锂金属负极之间。以小电流自动化充放电测试 系统(AcuTech Systems,BAT-750B)量测含PVDF粘着剂的负极锂离子半电池的 充放电效能。电位设定范围为0.5~2V,充电电流值设定为0.1C,放电电流值 设定为0.1C、0.5C、1C、3C、5C。
比较例2-2的负极锂离子电池在不同电流值设定下,所得到的放电电容 值,如表17所示。
表17:
由图1~3的结果可知,使用本发明的共聚高分子作为粘着剂,相较于比 较例1的PVDF,可使浆料有较佳的粘着效果,此结果因本发明的共聚高分子 具有由丙烯腈所衍生的重复单元所致。
由上述图1~图3及表1~表17的结果可知,使用实施例1-1~3-2的共聚高 分子所制备的锂离子电池具有优异的充放电性质。
综合上述实施例及比较例的测试结果可理解,本发明的能量储存装置于阳 极、阴极及隔离膜中的至少一个包含共聚高分子,且该该共聚高分子为丙烯腈 与含有导离子基团的单体及/或含有乙烯基的单体经聚合反应后所形成的共聚 物或其衍生物。借此,可使应用该共聚高分子的能量储存装置具有较佳的充放 电性质,可有效地延长能量储存装置的效率及寿命。
本发明在上文中已以较佳实施例揭露,然熟悉本项技术的人应理解的是, 该实施例仅用于描绘本发明,而不应解读为限制本发明的范围。应注意的是, 凡是与该实施例等效的变化与置换,均应设为涵盖于本发明的范畴内。因此, 本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (8)
1.一种能量储存装置,其特征在于,包括:
阳极及阴极;以及
隔离膜,其设置于该阳极及该阴极之间;
其中,该阳极、阴极及隔离膜中的至少一个包含共聚高分子,该共聚高分子单独或混掺他种高分子作为该能量储存装置的非水性粘合剂及/或固态电解质,且该共聚高分子为丙烯腈与含有导离子基团的单体及/或含有乙烯基的单体经聚合反应后所形成的共聚物或其衍生物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的能量储存装置,其特征在于,该共聚高分子含有如下列所示的结构:
其中:
GI衍生自丙烯腈;
GII衍生自含有导离子基团的极性单体,其中R2包含下列官能基其中至少一种或其组合:醚基、咪唑基、酰胺、铵基、含羰基的胺基或吡咯烷酮基或乙酸酯、羧酸基、磺酸基、硫酸基、磷酸基,以及上述酸基所衍生的酯基或上述酸基、吡咯烷酮基以及咪唑基所衍生的盐基;
GIII衍生自含有反应性官能基的单体,其中R3包含下列官能基中一种或其组合:羟基、环氧基、异氰酸酯基、胺基;
GIV衍生自含有乙烯基的单体,其中R4包含下列官能基中一种或其组合:C1~C30饱和与不饱和的烷基、苯基、苯甲基;
其中R1为H或CH3;
其中,该共聚高分子的重复单元的数量符合下列条件:
3.根据权利要求2所述的能量储存装置,其中该共聚高分子中:
GI衍生自丙烯腈
GII衍生自含有导离子基团的单体,其衍生自下列化合物中的至少一种或其组合:N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、二甲基丙烯酰胺、二乙基丙烯酰胺、丙烯酰吗啉、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、乙酸乙烯酯、聚(乙二醇)甲基丙烯酸酯、磺酸苯乙烯;
GIII衍生自含有反应性官能基的单体,其衍生自下列化合物中的一种或其组合:甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、乙烯基环氧环己烷、甲基丙烯酸2-(2-环氧乙烷基甲氧基)乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、烯丙基胺、乙烯胺;
GIV衍生自含有乙烯基的单体,其衍生自下列化合物中的一种或其组合:丙烯酸异辛酯、氯乙烯、二氯乙烯、溴乙烯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、亚甲基丁二酸二丁酯、马来酸二甲酯、马来酸二乙酯、马来酸二丁酯、苯乙烯、丙烯酸甲酯、乙烯基吡啶、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丁二烯、异戊二烯。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的能量储存装置,其特征在于,该共聚高分子进一步与聚醚氨、牛磺酸、聚醚二氨、咪唑、磺内酯或其衍生物进行反应以获得改质或交联。
5.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的能量储存装置,其特征在于,该能量储存装置的阳极含有活性物质、导电碳以及该共聚高分子,且该共聚高分子的含量占该阳极成分的0.01~30%重量百分比,其中共聚高分子单独使用或与任一高分子混掺作为阳极粘着剂。
6.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的能量储存装置,其特征在于,该共聚高分子的含量占该阴极成分的0.01~30%重量百分比,其中共聚高分子单独使用或与任一高分子混掺作为阴极粘着剂。
7.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的能量储存装置,其特征在于,该隔离膜经由涂布浆料或配方所形成,其中,该共聚高分子的含量占该浆料或配方成分的0.1~30%重量百分比。
8.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的能量储存装置,其特征在于,该共聚高分子的含量占该固态电解质成分的0.1~90%重量百分比。
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US11271254B2 (en) | 2022-03-08 |
TWI740390B (zh) | 2021-09-21 |
CN111933864B (zh) | 2022-12-20 |
CN111933937A (zh) | 2020-11-13 |
TW202039605A (zh) | 2020-11-01 |
CN111933937B (zh) | 2022-02-25 |
US20200343555A1 (en) | 2020-10-29 |
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US20200343594A1 (en) | 2020-10-29 |
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