CN111837781A - High-yield planting method for selenium-rich tea - Google Patents

High-yield planting method for selenium-rich tea Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111837781A
CN111837781A CN202010751376.1A CN202010751376A CN111837781A CN 111837781 A CN111837781 A CN 111837781A CN 202010751376 A CN202010751376 A CN 202010751376A CN 111837781 A CN111837781 A CN 111837781A
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selenium
tea
planting
soil
water
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Inventor
韦持章
廖春文
李金婷
覃潇敏
覃宏宇
阳景阳
骆妍妃
韦锦坚
陈远权
陈杏
农玉琴
陆金梅
吴琴斯
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Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute
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Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05BPHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C11/00Other nitrogenous fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D9/00Other inorganic fertilisers
    • C05D9/02Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield planting method of selenium-rich tea, belonging to the field of tea planting, comprising seedling planting, applying special fertilizer for selenium-rich tea, picking summer tea and autumn tea in the tenth day after spraying, finishing picking within 10-15 days, and refining the picked fresh tea into the selenium-rich tea. By applying selenium fertilizer to tea trees and absorbing the selenium fertilizer, the tea leaves contain trace elements such as selenium, zinc, amino acid and the like with certain content, and meanwhile, the selenium solution is sprayed before the tea leaves are picked, so that the tea leaves directly absorb the selenium, the content of the selenium in the tea leaves meets the relevant international standard requirements, and the content of the selenium is determined to be 0.858 micrograms/g, so that the varieties of nutrient substances such as amino acid and the like containing the selenium in the tea leaves are increased, the trace elements required in the growth process of the tea leaves are supplemented, the absorption and conversion effects of the tea leaves on inorganic selenium are improved, and compared with single inorganic selenium or single organic selenium, the content of the organic selenium in the tea leaves obtained by the planting method is higher.

Description

High-yield planting method for selenium-rich tea
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tea planting, in particular to a high-yield planting method of selenium-rich tea.
Background
Selenium is a trace element essential to the human body. The Chinese Nutrition society also ranks selenium as one of the 15 nutrients essential to human body, and a large number of clinical experiments at home and abroad show that the selenium deficiency of human body can cause dysfunction of some important organs to cause a plurality of serious diseases, 40 countries all over the world are in selenium deficiency areas, 22 provinces of China have hundreds of millions of people in selenium deficiency or low-selenium zones, and the incidence of tumors, liver diseases, cardiovascular diseases and the like of the population in the areas is high. Research shows that the people with low selenium or selenium deficiency can prevent tumor, liver disease, etc. by supplementing selenium in proper amount, improve the immunity of the organism, maintain the normal functions of important organs such as heart, liver, lung, stomach, etc. and prevent the occurrence of senile cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and selenium cannot be synthesized in the human body, so that the selenium needs to be supplemented every day to meet the requirement of the human body on selenium.
The tea leaves contain a plurality of components, mainly including caffeine, theophylline, theobromine, choline, xanthine, flavonoid and glycoside compounds, tea tannin, catechin, terpenes, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, aromatic oil compounds, carbohydrates, a plurality of vitamins, proteins and amino acids, wherein the amino acids include cysteine, methionine, glutamic acid, arginine and the like, and the tea also contains a plurality of mineral substances such as calcium, phosphorus, iron, fluorine, iodine, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, selenium, copper, germanium, magnesium and the like, so the tea leaves are beneficial to human bodies.
Along with the improvement of living standard, the enhancement of health consciousness and the rise of tea culture of people, the demands of people on the quantity and the quality of tea are gradually increased and improved, and the selenium-rich tea in the market is popular because of having good health care function. At present, the domestic selenium-rich tea production modes comprise the following steps: for example, the method for producing the yellow mountain Maofeng tea rich in organic selenium disclosed in the Chinese invention patent CN01779542A can ensure that the tea reaches the selenium-rich standard and improve the organic selenium content of the tea, but because the root application of soil in the middle growth period of crops is adopted, the nutrient can not be ensured to be fully absorbed by tea trees, most of selenium in the nutrient can be left in the soil and can increase the burden of selenium in soil and water environment along with the loss of rainwater or irrigation water, and the selenium pollution can be easily caused after long-term use; another chinese invention patent cncncnci 03798015A discloses a healthy ecological planting method of organic selenium-rich tea, which comprises applying fermented organic selenium fertilizer to tea tree during the process of applying fertilizer to tea tree, wherein the selenium content in tea leaves of one bud and one leaf picked after applying fertilizer is 0.350g/g, and the selenium content in tea leaves of two buds and one leaf is 0.424g/g, and the method uses selenium fertilizer and miscellaneous fertilizers to ferment together, so as to activate the activity of selenium, and protect the selenium element from directly contacting with soil, ensure the content of soluble selenium is more, and facilitate the root absorption of tea tree, but only applying selenium fertilizer in a fertilizing way does not necessarily ensure the tea leaves to absorb selenium and convert selenium; therefore, a planting method of the selenium-rich tea needs to be explored to meet the requirements of people on the selenium-rich tea.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-yield planting method of selenium-enriched tea, and solves the technical problems that the selenium is absorbed by the tea and the content of converted selenium is low in the existing tea planting process.
A high-yield planting method of selenium-rich tea comprises the following steps:
step 1: planning a tea garden, namely digging a drainage ditch in the tea garden on the flat ground, wherein the surface of the tea garden in the mountain terraced fields is high outside and low inside;
step 2: the tea garden is reclaimed, soil of the tea garden is ploughed one month in advance, the tea garden is leveled, weeds, branches and stones are cleared, and a water storage ditch or a water storage pool is built;
and step 3: ditching and returning soil, wherein the width of a planting ditch is 40-50 cm, the row spacing is 1.5m, 300 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to the mu planting ditch, and the organic fertilizer and the soil are fully mixed and stirred to return the soil;
and 4, step 4: selecting nursery stock, selecting 1-year-old clone excellent nursery stock with the plant height of more than 25cm, the stem thickness of more than 0.25cm, developed root system and no quarantine pest;
and 5: planting period, spring planting: 1-3 months, autumn and winter planting: 12 months, planting in the shade, at low temperature and in the period of soil moisture of the land;
step 6: planting in a specification, planting in a double-row delta-shaped mode in a ditch, wherein the plant spacing is 25cm, the row spacing is 40cm, and 3000-3500 plants are planted per mu;
and 7: pouring root fixing water, pouring enough root fixing water on the planting day no matter whether the planting day rains or not, pouring water into the planted seedlings, when the water is not permeated any more, storing water on the planting surface, if the water flow is too large, washing away soil, exposing a root system, needing proper soil returning, after pouring, randomly digging soil of a planting pit, checking whether the water is poured to the root system or not, and if the water is not poured, needing to be added;
and 8: covering a film on the tea garden, covering the young tea garden with a degradable black film, forming holes according to the seedling planting specification during covering to expose seedlings, covering the film with soil and nailing, preserving moisture and keeping water, preventing early weeds from growing, and completely eradicating covering with a white film;
and step 9: weeding is carried out in the tea garden, and artificial weeding is carried out at a position 30cm away from the tea seedlings to prevent the tea seedlings from loosening. In high-temperature summer, the weeding area is 70-80%, and the grass is raised by 20-30% to achieve the effects of moisturizing and shading;
step 10: and (3) fertilization management, namely turning up the bottom soil of the mountain land for 35-40 cm, fertilizing at the bottom layer, burying the surface soil, and fertilizing at the surface layer, wherein the fertilizing amount at the bottom layer is 450-550 kilograms of the special fertilizer for the selenium-enriched tea leaves per mu, and the fertilizing amount at the surface layer is 300-500 kilograms of the special fertilizer for the selenium-enriched tea leaves per mu.
Step 11: spraying selenium mixed solution before picking tea in spring, summer and autumn, picking the spring tea in the tenth day after spraying, and finishing picking in 8-12 days; picking summer tea and autumn tea in the tenth day after spraying, finishing picking within 10-15 days, and refining the picked fresh tea into selenium-rich tea.
Further, in the step 6, before planting, the seedlings are subjected to root treatment, a rooting agent is added into the slurry, the root systems of the tea seedlings are wrapped by the prepared slurry, and branches or leaves of the seedlings 1/3 are cut off after planting.
Further, the specific process of planting in step 6 is as follows: the method comprises the steps of holding seedlings by hand, using a small hoe on one hand, digging a planting pit which is 12 cm to 15 cm, if the root system of the nursery stock is too long and is not easy to plant, trimming the root length to 8 cm to 10 cm, implanting the nursery stock in the pit, uniformly dispersing the root, backfilling soil which does not pass through the root neck, compacting the soil by two hands, backfilling a layer of soil, compacting again, after compacting, adopting a method of clamping by two fingers and upwards lifting to check whether the planting is stable, and after compacting, inwards inclining the soil to be V-shaped.
Further, in the step 10, the special fertilizer comprises 20% of urea, 15% of monoammonium phosphate, 20% of organic fertilizer, 20% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 17% of potassium chloride, 1% of boron, 1.7% of zinc, 0.3% of glutamic acid, 0.1% of lysine, 0.3% of leucine, 0.4% of histidine, 1% of methionine, 0.5% of cystine, 0.8% of threonine, 0.2% of phenylalanine, 0.7% of serine and 1% of tryptophan.
Furthermore, the special fertilizer also comprises 5% of ground phosphate rock, 1% of biological bacteria and 2% of selenium ore powder.
Further, in the step 11, the selenium mixed solution is a mixed solution of 42 g of zinc selenium paste, 5 ml of organic silicon spraying aid and 30 kg of water per mu.
Further, in step 11, the selenium mixed solution is selenate lipopolysaccharide: selenomethionine: the mass ratio of water is 0.8:1: 2500.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
the tea leaves contain trace elements such as selenium, zinc, amino acid and the like in certain content by applying selenium fertilizer to the tea trees and absorbing the selenium fertilizer, and meanwhile, the selenium solution is sprayed before the tea leaves are picked, so that the tea leaves directly absorb the selenium, the content of the selenium in the tea leaves meets the relevant international standard requirements, and the content of the selenium is measured to be 4.0mg/kg, so that the varieties of nutrient substances such as amino acid and the like containing the selenium in the tea leaves are increased, the trace elements required in the growth process of the tea leaves are supplemented, the absorption and conversion effects of the tea leaves on inorganic selenium are improved, and compared with single inorganic selenium or single organic selenium, the content of the organic selenium in the tea leaves planted by the method is higher.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, preferred embodiments are given and the present invention is described in further detail. It should be noted, however, that the numerous details set forth in the description are merely for the purpose of providing the reader with a thorough understanding of one or more aspects of the present invention, which may be practiced without these specific details.
A high-yield planting method of selenium-rich tea comprises the following steps:
step 1: planning the tea garden, digging a drainage ditch in the flat tea garden, and making the surface of the mountain terraced field tea garden high and low.
Step 2: the tea garden is reclaimed, soil of the tea garden is ploughed one month in advance for reclamation, the tea garden is leveled, weeds, branches and stones are cleared up, and a water storage ditch or a water storage pool is built.
And step 3: ditching and returning soil, wherein the width of the planting furrows is 40-50 cm, the row spacing is 1.5m, 300 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to the mu planting furrows, and the organic fertilizer and the soil are fully mixed and stirred for returning the soil.
And 4, step 4: selecting nursery stock, selecting 1-year-old clone excellent nursery stock with plant height of above 25cm, stem thickness of above 0.25cm, developed root system and no quarantine pest.
And 5: planting period, spring planting: 1-3 months, autumn and winter planting: and 12 months, planting in the shade, at low temperature and in the period of soil moisture of the land.
Step 6: planting specification, planting in a ditch in a double-row delta-shaped mode, wherein the plant spacing is 25cm, the row spacing is 40cm, and 3000-3500 plants are planted per mu. Before planting, the seedlings need to be treated with pulp roots, a rooting agent is added into the pulp, the root systems of the tea seedlings are wrapped by the prepared pulp, and branches or leaves of the seedlings 1/3 are cut off after planting.
The planting process comprises the following specific steps: the method comprises the steps of holding seedlings by hand, using a small hoe on one hand, digging a planting pit which is 12 cm to 15 cm, if the root system of the nursery stock is too long and is not easy to plant, trimming the root length to 8 cm to 10 cm, implanting the nursery stock in the pit, uniformly dispersing the root, backfilling soil which does not pass through the root neck, compacting the soil by two hands, backfilling a layer of soil, compacting again, after compacting, adopting a method of clamping by two fingers and upwards lifting to check whether the planting is stable, and after compacting, inwards inclining the soil to be V-shaped.
And 7: and (3) pouring root fixing water, pouring enough root fixing water whether raining or not on the day of field planting, pouring water into the well-planted nursery stocks, when the water is not permeated any more, storing water on the planting surface, if the water flow is too large, washing away the soil, exposing the root systems, needing to return soil properly, after pouring, randomly digging soil in the planting pits, and checking whether the water is poured to the root systems or not, if the water is not poured, needing to be drenched.
And 8: covering a film on the tea garden, covering the young tea garden with a degradable black film, opening holes according to the seedling planting specification during covering to expose seedlings, covering the film with soil and nailing, preserving moisture and keeping water, preventing early weed growth, and completely eradicating covering with a white film.
And step 9: weeding is carried out in the tea garden, and artificial weeding is carried out at a position 30cm away from the tea seedlings to prevent the tea seedlings from loosening. In high-temperature summer, the weeding area is 70-80%, and the grass is raised by 20-30% to achieve the effects of moisturizing and shading.
Step 10: and (3) fertilization management, namely turning up the bottom soil of the mountain land for 35-40 cm, fertilizing at the bottom layer, burying the surface soil, and fertilizing at the surface layer, wherein the fertilizing amount at the bottom layer is 450-550 kilograms of the special fertilizer for the selenium-enriched tea leaves per mu, and the fertilizing amount at the surface layer is 300-500 kilograms of the special fertilizer for the selenium-enriched tea leaves per mu.
The special fertilizer comprises 20% of urea, 15% of monoammonium phosphate, 20% of organic fertilizer, 20% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 17% of potassium chloride, 1% of boron, 1.7% of zinc, 0.3% of glutamic acid, 0.1% of lysine, 0.3% of leucine, 0.4% of histidine, 1% of methionine, 0.5% of cystine, 0.8% of threonine, 0.2% of phenylalanine, 0.7% of serine and 1% of tryptophan.
The special fertilizer also comprises 5% of phosphate rock powder, 1% of biological bacteria and 2% of selenium ore powder.
Step 11: spraying selenium mixed solution before picking tea in spring, summer and autumn, picking the spring tea in the tenth day after spraying, and finishing picking in 8-12 days; picking summer tea and autumn tea in the tenth day after spraying, finishing picking within 10-15 days, and refining the picked fresh tea into selenium-rich tea.
The selenium mixed solution is a mixed solution of 42 g of zinc selenium paste, 5 ml of organic silicon spraying aid and 30 kg of water per mu.
Still another scheme is that the selenium mixed solution is selenate lipopolysaccharide: selenomethionine: the mass ratio of water is 0.8:1: 2500.
The tea planted by the method is mellow and thick in taste and rich in zinc, selenium and other trace elements, wherein the zinc content is 53.5-67.5 micrograms/gram, the selenium content is 0.858 micrograms/gram, the amino acid content is 3.5-5.23%, the caffeine content is 4.43%, the tea polyphenol content is 32.87%, and the water extract is 44.57%.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be construed as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A high-yield planting method of selenium-rich tea is characterized by comprising the following steps: the planting method comprises the following steps:
step 1: planning a tea garden, namely digging a drainage ditch in the tea garden on the flat ground, wherein the surface of the tea garden in the mountain terraced fields is high outside and low inside;
step 2: the tea garden is reclaimed, soil of the tea garden is ploughed one month in advance, the tea garden is leveled, weeds, branches and stones are cleared, and a water storage ditch or a water storage pool is built;
and step 3: ditching and returning soil, wherein the width of a planting ditch is 40-50 cm, the row spacing is 1.5m, 300 kg of organic fertilizer is applied to the mu planting ditch, and the organic fertilizer and the soil are fully mixed and stirred to return the soil;
and 4, step 4: selecting nursery stock, selecting 1-year-old clone excellent nursery stock with the plant height of more than 25cm, the stem thickness of more than 0.25cm, developed root system and no quarantine pest;
and 5: planting period, spring planting: 1-3 months, autumn and winter planting: 12 months, planting in the shade, at low temperature and in the period of soil moisture of the land;
step 6: planting in a specification, planting in a double-row delta-shaped mode in a ditch, wherein the plant spacing is 25cm, the row spacing is 40cm, and 3000-3500 plants are planted per mu;
and 7: pouring root fixing water, pouring enough root fixing water on the planting day no matter whether the planting day rains or not, pouring water into the planted seedlings, when the water is not permeated any more, storing water on the planting surface, if the water flow is too large, washing away soil, exposing a root system, needing proper soil returning, after pouring, randomly digging soil of a planting pit, checking whether the water is poured to the root system or not, and if the water is not poured, needing to be added;
and 8: covering a film on the tea garden, covering the young tea garden with a degradable black film, forming holes according to the seedling planting specification during covering to expose seedlings, covering the film with soil and nailing, preserving moisture and keeping water, preventing early weeds from growing, and completely eradicating covering with a white film;
and step 9: weeding is carried out in the tea garden, and artificial weeding is carried out at a position 30cm away from the tea seedlings to prevent the tea seedlings from loosening. In high-temperature summer, the weeding area is 70-80%, and the grass is raised by 20-30% to achieve the effects of moisturizing and shading;
step 10: fertilizing management, namely turning up the bottom soil of the mountain land by 35-40 cm, fertilizing at the bottom layer, burying the surface soil, and fertilizing at the surface layer, wherein the fertilizing amount at the bottom layer is 450-550 kilograms of special fertilizer for selenium-rich tea leaves per mu, and the fertilizing amount at the surface layer is 300-500 kilograms of special fertilizer for selenium-rich tea leaves per mu;
step 11: spraying selenium mixed solution before picking tea in spring, summer and autumn, picking the spring tea in the tenth day after spraying, and finishing picking in 8-12 days; picking summer tea and autumn tea in the tenth day after spraying, finishing picking within 10-15 days, and refining the picked fresh tea into selenium-rich tea.
2. The high-yield planting method of selenium-enriched tea leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step 6, before planting, the seedlings are subjected to root treatment, a rooting agent is added into the slurry, the root systems of the tea seedlings are wrapped by the prepared slurry, and the spikes or leaves of the seedlings 1/3 are cut off after planting.
3. The high-yield planting method of selenium-enriched tea leaves as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the specific planting process in the step 6 comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of holding seedlings by hand, using a small hoe on one hand, digging a planting pit which is 12 cm to 15 cm, if the root system of the nursery stock is too long and is not easy to plant, trimming the root length to 8 cm to 10 cm, implanting the nursery stock in the pit, uniformly dispersing the root, backfilling soil which does not pass through the root neck, compacting the soil by two hands, backfilling a layer of soil, compacting again, after compacting, adopting a method of clamping by two fingers and upwards lifting to check whether the planting is stable, and after compacting, inwards inclining the soil to be V-shaped.
4. The high-yield planting method of selenium-enriched tea leaves as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step 10, the special fertilizer comprises 20% of urea, 15% of monoammonium phosphate, 20% of organic fertilizer, 20% of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 17% of potassium chloride, 1% of boron, 1.7% of zinc, 0.3% of glutamic acid, 0.1% of lysine, 0.3% of leucine, 0.4% of histidine, 1% of methionine, 0.5% of cystine, 0.8% of threonine, 0.2% of phenylalanine, 0.7% of serine and 1% of tryptophan.
5. The high-yield planting method of selenium-enriched tea leaves as claimed in claim 4, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: the special fertilizer also comprises 5% of phosphate rock powder, 1% of biological bacteria and 2% of selenium ore powder.
6. The high-yield planting method of selenium-enriched tea leaves as claimed in claim 5, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step 11, the selenium mixed solution is a mixed solution of 42 g of zinc selenium paste, 5 ml of organic silicon spraying aid and 30 kg of water per mu.
7. The high-yield planting method of selenium-enriched tea leaves as claimed in claim 5, wherein the planting method comprises the following steps: in the step 11, the selenium mixed solution is selenate lipopolysaccharide: selenomethionine: the mass ratio of water is 0.8:1: 2500.
CN202010751376.1A 2020-07-30 2020-07-30 High-yield planting method for selenium-rich tea Pending CN111837781A (en)

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