CN111823681A - 一种隔热保温复合板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种隔热保温复合板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111823681A
CN111823681A CN202010670382.4A CN202010670382A CN111823681A CN 111823681 A CN111823681 A CN 111823681A CN 202010670382 A CN202010670382 A CN 202010670382A CN 111823681 A CN111823681 A CN 111823681A
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China
Prior art keywords
panel layer
fiber reinforced
fiber
heat insulation
aerogel
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Granted
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CN202010670382.4A
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English (en)
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CN111823681B (zh
Inventor
张东生
董会娜
姚栋嘉
刘喜宗
吕多军
张继承
余启勇
吴恒
杨红霞
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Gongyi Van Research Yihui Composite Material Co Ltd
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Gongyi Van Research Yihui Composite Material Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202010670382.4A priority Critical patent/CN111823681B/zh
Publication of CN111823681A publication Critical patent/CN111823681A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2021/104761 priority patent/WO2022012379A1/zh
Priority to US18/016,135 priority patent/US20230264452A1/en
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Abstract

本发明属于隔热保温技术领域，公开一种隔热保温复合板及其制备方法。包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石膏板，所述隔热保温层为纤维增强气凝胶毡。制备方法：（1）、将纤维增强气凝胶毡平铺放置；（2）、将第一面板层平铺于纤维增强气凝胶毡的上表面；（3）、热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。本发明提供的隔热保温复合板可以在对管材、墙体、箱体等场景实施保温方案，具有操作方便、简单易行等优点。

Description

一种隔热保温复合板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于隔热保温技术领域，具体涉及一种隔热保温复合板及其制备方法。
背景技术
气凝胶是一种具有纳米级孔径的多孔洞材料，典型的孔洞大小在1-100nm之间，孔洞率在80%以上，内含大量的空气。气凝胶的纳米孔洞结构使得材料的热导率极低，绝热保温效果好。
气凝胶由于比重低、孔洞壁薄，因此具有一定的脆性，直接使用强度不佳。现在工业化的气凝胶有气凝胶布、气凝胶纸、气凝胶板、气凝胶毡和其他气凝胶异形件。气凝胶复合材料因其独特的隔热保温性能，一般将其用作夹层结构防护材料，夹层结构板材通常包括面板层与夹心层，该结构的最大优点是变形协调性能高、抗冲击能力强、尺寸大、隔热效果好、装配简单，解决了传统外防热材料脆性大、掉粉的缺点，提高了设计余量和安全环保特性，已经在管道、建筑墙体、车辆、箱/柜体保温上实现广泛应用。
发明内容
为克服现有技术中存在的不足之处，本发明的目的旨在提供一种隔热保温复合板及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石膏板，所述隔热保温层为纤维增强气凝胶毡；
当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆/不涂覆隔热涂层；
当第一面板层为金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石膏板时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层；
所述隔热涂层由液体环氧树脂、隔热填料、固化剂、促进剂、第一偶联剂按质量比100∶（10-50）∶（20-180）∶（0.05-3）∶（0.2-5）组成，或者，所述隔热涂层由水性弹性涂料、水性树脂、阻燃剂、二氧化硅粉、分散剂、第二偶联剂按质量比（30-60）∶（10-30）∶（2-5）∶（5-40）∶（0.5-5）∶（1-5）组成。
在上述技术方案基础上，进一步地，所述隔热保温复合板还包括第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间；隔热保温层与第二面板层之间亦一体成型；所述第二面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片；纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面同时涂覆/不涂覆隔热涂层。
在上述技术方案基础上，进一步地，不涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡直接在其外部包裹铝箔；涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在涂覆隔热涂层后再在其外部包裹铝箔；铝箔与第一面板层、第二面板层之间设置有胶黏剂或双面胶以便与第一面板层、第二面板层进行粘接。
在上述技术方案基础上，进一步地，采用粘接双面胶代替涂覆隔热涂层。
一种所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
（1）、将纤维增强气凝胶毡平铺放置；
（2）、将第一面板层平铺于纤维增强气凝胶毡与之相接触的表面上；并且，当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层直接采用纤维增强树脂基复合片或者采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面不涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；
（3）、热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
在上述技术方案基础上，进一步地，所述隔热保温复合板还包括第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间；隔热保温层与第二面板层之间亦一体成型；所述第二面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片；纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面同时涂覆/不涂覆隔热涂层；对应的步骤（2）为：将第一面板层和第二面板层分别平铺于纤维增强气凝胶毡与之相接触的表面上；并且，当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层和第二面板层直接采用纤维增强树脂基复合片或者采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面不涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层和第二面板层采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；当第一面板层为金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石膏板，纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层时，第二面板层直接采用纤维增强树脂基复合片或者采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替。
在上述技术方案基础上，进一步地，不涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡直接在其外部包裹铝箔；涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在涂覆隔热涂层后再在其外部包裹铝箔；铝箔与第一面板层、第二面板层之间设置有胶黏剂或双面胶以便与第一面板层、第二面板层进行粘接。
在上述技术方案基础上，进一步地，采用粘接双面胶代替涂覆隔热涂层。
较好地，热压成型处理的温度为50-150℃、压力为0.5-5Mpa。
本发明中，当第一面板层和/或第二面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片时，步骤（2）中第一面板层和第二面板层之所以可采用其半成品--纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替的原因是纤维增强树脂基预浸带在热压成型后固化成为纤维增强树脂基复合片。
第一面板层和/或第二面板层中所述纤维增强树脂基复合片或纤维增强树脂基预浸带中的纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、氮化硼纤维、玄武岩纤维、水镁石纤维和凹凸棒石纤维、硼纤维、碳纳米管、芳纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维中的一种，所述纤维增强树脂基复合片或纤维增强树脂基预浸带中的树脂为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂、不饱和聚酯、乙烯基酯树脂、硅树脂、氰酸酯树脂中的一种。
所述纤维增强气凝胶毡中的纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、氮化硼纤维、玄武岩纤维、水镁石纤维、凹凸棒石纤维、硼纤维、碳纳米管、芳纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维中的一种，所述纤维增强气凝胶毡中的气凝胶为二氧化硅气凝胶、碳气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶、氧化锆气凝胶、氧化钛气凝胶、氧化铁气凝胶、氧化钴气凝胶、氧化镍气凝胶、氧化铜气凝胶、氧化钇气凝胶、氧化铈气凝胶、氧化钒气凝胶、氧化铋气凝胶、氧化锡气凝胶、苯二酚甲醛气凝胶、石墨烯气凝胶中的一种。
所述液体环氧树脂为环氧树脂E51、环氧树脂E44中的一种或两种的混合物。
所述隔热填料为二氧化钛颗粒、氧化锌颗粒、空心玻璃微珠、空心二氧化硅微珠、空心酚醛树脂微球、陶瓷空心微球中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
所述固化剂为咪唑类、双氰胺、三乙烯二胺、三乙烯四胺中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
所述促进剂为有机脲UR300、有机脲UR500。
所述第一偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂。
所述水性弹性涂料为水性乙烯-醋酸乙烯弹性涂料、水性有机硅丙弹性涂料、水性丙烯酸类弹性涂料、水性橡胶乳液中的一种。
所述水性树脂为水性环氧树脂、水性聚脲树脂、水性酚醛树脂、水性聚氨酯树脂中的一种。
所述阻燃剂为磷氮系阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂、DOPO、十溴二苯醚、十溴二苯乙烷中的一种或几种；所述无机阻燃剂为氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、磷酸铵或硼酸锌，所述磷氮系阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、异丙基化磷酸三苯酯、蜜胺磷酸盐、蜜胺焦磷酸盐或三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐。
所述分散剂为BYK-161、BYK-163、BYK-2000中的一种。
所述第二偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、硼酸酯偶联剂中的一种。
本发明中，纤维增强树脂基复合片或纤维增强树脂基预浸带、纤维增强气凝胶毡可通过市购或现有技术制备获得。
有益效果：
（1）、本发明隔热保温层与面板层采用一体热压成型的方法，成型工艺简单，操作方便；
（2）、本发明采用纤维增强树脂基复合片作为面板层，纤维增强气凝胶毡作为隔热保温层，可实现面板层与隔热保温层的良好结合，保证隔热保温复合板整体在输运及安装过程中的便捷性；同时采用纤维增强树脂基复合片作为面板层，提高隔热保温复合板的耐穿刺性，具有较高的强度和刚性，能作为管道、建筑墙体、车辆、箱/柜体等结构件使用；
（3）、当面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片时，在隔热保温复合板的制备过程中，第一面板层和第二面板层在热压处理之前可采用其半成品--纤维增强树脂基预浸带，由于纤维增强树脂基预浸带在未固化前，整体柔软、可塑型强，且保存周期较长，同时固化工艺简单，操作方便，因此可以对远距离输运的隔热保温复合板采用将纤维增强气凝胶毡与纤维增强树脂基预浸带在使用地点进行固化成型得到所需的隔热保温复合板，或者将纤维增强树脂基预浸带与纤维增强气凝胶毡预固化然后再在使用地点后固化的方式，均可以提高其在输运过程的方便和灵活程度；
（4）、本发明采用隔热涂层直接涂刷在纤维增强气凝胶毡表面作为隔热保温层，一方面避免了纤维增强气凝胶毡在使用过程中掉粉情况的发生，增加了隔热保温复合板的安全性能，另一方面隔热涂层具有较低的密度和良好的隔热性能、力学性能，在不影响纤维增强气凝胶毡隔热性能的前提下对提高纤维增强气凝胶毡的力学性能保证其使用效能具有重要的作用，同时隔热涂层的使用并不影响隔热保温复合板整体的输运及安装过程；
（5）、本发明将隔热涂层作为连接相用于将纤维增强气凝胶毡与面板层粘接一体成型，隔热涂层在固化成型过程中凭借树脂浆料的粘粘性可以在纤维增强气凝胶毡和面板层之间实现很好的一体固化成型，保证纤维增强气凝胶毡与面板层之间良好的结合，避免在输运使用过程中纤维增强气凝胶毡与面板层之间的开裂问题；
（6）、本发明在纤维增强气凝胶毡表面包覆铝箔，能够直接对第一面板传递过来的热量进行反射，同时对纤维增强气凝胶毡隔热后剩余热量进行反射-隔热-反射等过程，最终保证只有少量的热量到达第二面板层，提高隔热效率，进一步降低空间内的温度；
（7）、本发明提供的隔热保温复合板可以在对管材、墙体、箱体等场景实施保温方案，具有操作方便、简单易行等优点。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例，对本发明做进一步说明。应理解，以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
（1）、将玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡平铺放置；
（2）、将与第一面板层对应的玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基预浸带平铺于玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面；
（3）、在140℃、压力为2Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例2
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合片，所述隔热保温层为玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
（1）、将玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡平铺放置；
（2）、将第一面板层玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合片平铺于玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面，并在玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡与玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合片相接触的表面上贴合双面胶进行粘结；
（3）、在60℃、压力为0.5Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例3
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为碳纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为硅酸铝纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
（1）、将硅酸铝纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡平铺放置；将水性弹性涂料、水性树脂、阻燃剂、二氧化硅粉、分散剂、第二偶联剂按质量比40∶20∶3∶15∶1∶2经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在硅酸铝纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面；所述水性弹性涂料为水性乙烯-醋酸乙烯弹性涂料；所述水性树脂为水性环氧树脂；所述阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵；所述分散剂为BYK-161；所述第二偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂；
（2）、将第一面板层碳纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合片平铺于涂刷隔热浆料后所得硅酸铝纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面；
（3）、在120℃、压力为1.5Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例4
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层、第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间、隔热保温层与第二面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为金属板，所述第二面板层为玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯基复合片，所述隔热保温层为玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
（1）将玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡平铺放置；
（2）、将第一面板层金属板、第二面板层玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯基复合片分别平铺于玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面，其中玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面分别贴合双面胶以便与第一面板层金属板、第二面板层玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯基复合片进行粘结；
（3）、在50℃、压力为4Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例5
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为芳纶纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为莫来石纤维增强氧化锆气凝胶毡；莫来石纤维增强氧化锆气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
（1）、将莫来石纤维增强氧化锆气凝胶毡平铺放置；将液体环氧树脂、隔热填料、固化剂、促进剂、第一偶联剂按质量比100∶20∶50∶0.1∶1经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在莫来石纤维增强氧化锆气凝胶毡的上表面；所述液体环氧树脂为环氧树脂E51；所述隔热填料为空心玻璃微珠；所述固化剂为双氰胺；所述促进剂为有机脲UR300；所述第一偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂。
（2）、将第一面板层芳纶纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片平铺于涂刷隔热浆料后所得莫来石纤维增强氧化锆气凝胶毡的上表面；
（3）、在100℃、压力为2Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例6
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层、第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间、隔热保温层与第二面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为硅酸钙板，所述第二面板层为石英纤维增强乙烯基酯树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为玻璃纤维增强氧化铝气凝胶毡；玻璃纤维增强氧化铝气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层和第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
（1）、将玻璃纤维增强氧化铝气凝胶毡平铺放置；将液体环氧树脂、隔热填料、固化剂、促进剂、第一偶联剂按质量比100∶40∶80∶2∶3经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在玻璃纤维增强氧化铝气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面；所述液体环氧树脂为环氧树脂E44；所述隔热填料为陶瓷空心微球；所述固化剂为三乙烯二胺；所述促进剂为有机脲UR500；所述第一偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂；
（2）、将第一面板层硅酸钙板、第二面板层石英纤维增强乙烯基酯树脂基复合片分别平铺于涂刷隔热浆料后所得玻璃纤维增强氧化铝气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面；
（3）、在110℃、压力为3Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例7
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为氧化铝纤维增强氰酸酯树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为高硅氧纤维增强二氧化钛气凝胶毡；高硅氧纤维增强二氧化钛气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
（1）、将高硅氧纤维增强二氧化钛气凝胶毡平铺放置；将水性弹性涂料、水性树脂、阻燃剂、二氧化硅粉、分散剂、第二偶联剂按质量比50∶25∶4∶35∶3∶4经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在高硅氧纤维增强二氧化钛气凝胶毡的上表面；所述水性弹性涂料为水性丙烯酸类弹性涂料；所述水性树脂为水性酚醛树脂；所述阻燃剂为氢氧化镁；所述分散剂为BYK-2000；所述第二偶联剂为钛酸酯偶联剂；
（2）、将第一面板层氧化铝纤维增强氰酸酯树脂基复合片平铺于涂刷隔热浆料后所得高硅氧纤维增强二氧化钛气凝胶毡的上表面；
（3）、在100℃、压力为0.5Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例8
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层、第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间、隔热保温层与第二面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为水泥板，所述第二面板层为石英纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为硼纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡；硼纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层和第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
（1）、将硼纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡平铺放置；将水性弹性涂料、水性树脂、阻燃剂、二氧化硅粉、分散剂、第二偶联剂按质量比55∶30∶5∶40∶3∶5经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在硼纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面；所述水性弹性涂料为水性橡胶乳液；所述水性树脂为水性聚氨酯树脂；所述阻燃剂为DOPO；所述分散剂为BYK-161；所述第二偶联剂为硼酸酯偶联剂；
（2）、将第一面板层水泥板、第二面板层石英纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合片分别平铺于涂刷隔热浆料后所得硼纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面；
（3）、在110℃、压力为1Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例9
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层、第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间、隔热保温层与第二面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为玻璃纤维增强氰酸酯树脂基复合片，所述第二面板层为玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡；玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层和第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层，玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡在涂覆隔热涂层后再在其外部包裹铝箔，铝箔与第一面板层、第二面板层之间设置有胶黏剂。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
（1）、将玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡平铺放置；将液体环氧树脂、隔热填料、固化剂、促进剂、第一偶联剂按质量比100∶20∶90∶2∶3经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面，涂刷隔热浆料后用铝箔将玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡的四周包裹，在铝箔的上表面和下表面分别涂覆一层胶黏剂；所述液体环氧树脂为环氧树脂E51；所述隔热填料为氧化锌颗粒；所述固化剂为三乙烯四胺；所述促进剂为有机脲UR500；所述第一偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂；
（2）、将第一面板层玻璃纤维增强氰酸酯树脂基复合片、第二面板层玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片分别平铺于铝箔包裹后所得玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面；
（3）、在150℃、压力为5Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例10
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层、第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间、隔热保温层与第二面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为金属板，所述第二面板层为玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡；碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层和第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层，碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡在涂覆隔热涂层后再在其外部包裹铝箔，铝箔与第一面板层、第二面板层之间设置有胶黏剂。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
（1）、将碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡平铺放置；将水性弹性涂料、水性树脂、阻燃剂、二氧化硅粉、分散剂、第二偶联剂按质量比60∶25∶2∶30∶4∶3经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面，涂刷隔热浆料后用铝箔将碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的四周包裹，在铝箔的上表面和下表面分别涂覆一层胶黏剂；所述水性弹性涂料为水性乙烯-醋酸乙烯弹性涂料；所述水性树脂为水性环氧树脂；所述阻燃剂为十溴二苯醚；所述分散剂为BYK-163；所述第二偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂；
（2）、将第一面板层金属板、第二面板层玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片分别平铺于铝箔包裹所得纤维增强气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面；
（3）、在115℃、压力为2.5Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。

Claims (10)

1.一种隔热保温复合板，其特征在于：包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石膏板，所述隔热保温层为纤维增强气凝胶毡；
当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆/不涂覆隔热涂层；
当第一面板层为金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石膏板时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层；
所述隔热涂层由液体环氧树脂、隔热填料、固化剂、促进剂、第一偶联剂按质量比100∶（10-50）∶（20-180）∶（0.05-3）∶（0.2-5）组成，或者，所述隔热涂层由水性弹性涂料、水性树脂、阻燃剂、二氧化硅粉、分散剂、第二偶联剂按质量比（30-60）∶（10-30）∶（2-5）∶（5-40）∶（0.5-5）∶（1-5）组成。
2.如权利要求1所述的隔热保温复合板，其特征在于：所述隔热保温复合板还包括第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间；隔热保温层与第二面板层之间亦一体成型；所述第二面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片；纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面同时涂覆/不涂覆隔热涂层。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的隔热保温复合板，其特征在于：不涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡直接在其外部包裹铝箔；涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在涂覆隔热涂层后再在其外部包裹铝箔；铝箔与第一面板层、第二面板层之间设置有胶黏剂或双面胶。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的隔热保温复合板，其特征在于：采用粘接双面胶代替涂覆隔热涂层。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的隔热保温复合板，其特征在于：
所述纤维增强树脂基复合片中的纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、氮化硼纤维、玄武岩纤维、水镁石纤维和凹凸棒石纤维、硼纤维、碳纳米管、芳纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维中的一种，所述纤维增强树脂基复合片或纤维增强树脂基预浸带中的树脂为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂、不饱和聚酯、乙烯基酯树脂、硅树脂、氰酸酯树脂中的一种；
所述纤维增强气凝胶毡中的纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、氮化硼纤维、玄武岩纤维、水镁石纤维、凹凸棒石纤维、硼纤维、碳纳米管、芳纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维中的一种，所述纤维增强气凝胶毡中的气凝胶为二氧化硅气凝胶、碳气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶、氧化锆气凝胶、氧化钛气凝胶、氧化铁气凝胶、氧化钴气凝胶、氧化镍气凝胶、氧化铜气凝胶、氧化钇气凝胶、氧化铈气凝胶、氧化钒气凝胶、氧化铋气凝胶、氧化锡气凝胶、苯二酚甲醛气凝胶、石墨烯气凝胶中的一种；
所述液体环氧树脂为环氧树脂E51、环氧树脂E44中的一种或两种的混合物；
所述隔热填料为二氧化钛颗粒、氧化锌颗粒、空心玻璃微珠、空心二氧化硅微珠、空心酚醛树脂微球、陶瓷空心微球中的一种或两种以上的混合物；
所述固化剂为咪唑类、双氰胺、三乙烯二胺、三乙烯四胺中的一种或两种以上的混合物；
所述促进剂为有机脲UR300、有机脲UR500；
所述第一偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂；
所述水性弹性涂料为水性乙烯-醋酸乙烯弹性涂料、水性有机硅丙弹性涂料、水性丙烯酸类弹性涂料、水性橡胶乳液中的一种；
所述水性树脂为水性环氧树脂、水性聚脲树脂、水性酚醛树脂、水性聚氨酯树脂中的一种；
所述阻燃剂为磷氮系阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂、DOPO、十溴二苯醚、十溴二苯乙烷中的一种或几种；
所述分散剂为BYK-161、BYK-163、BYK-2000中的一种；
所述第二偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、硼酸酯偶联剂中的一种。
6.一种如权利要求1所述的隔热保温复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：
（1）、将纤维增强气凝胶毡平铺放置；
（2）、将第一面板层平铺于纤维增强气凝胶毡与之相接触的表面上；并且，当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层直接采用纤维增强树脂基复合片或者采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面不涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；
（3）、热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
7.如权利要求6所述的隔热保温复合板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述隔热保温复合板还包括第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间；隔热保温层与第二面板层之间亦一体成型；所述第二面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片；纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面同时涂覆/不涂覆隔热涂层；对应的步骤（2）为：将第一面板层和第二面板层分别平铺于纤维增强气凝胶毡与之相接触的表面上；并且，当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层和第二面板层分别直接采用纤维增强树脂基复合片或者采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面不涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层和第二面板层分别采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；当第一面板层为金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石膏板，纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层时，第二面板层直接采用纤维增强树脂基复合片或者采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替。
8.如权利要求6或7所述的隔热保温复合板的制备方法，其特征在于，不涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡直接在其外部包裹铝箔；涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在涂覆隔热涂层后再在其外部包裹铝箔；铝箔与第一面板层、第二面板层之间设置有胶黏剂或双面胶。
9.如权利要求6或7所述的隔热保温复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：采用粘接双面胶代替涂覆隔热涂层。
10.如权利要求6或7所述的隔热保温复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：热压成型处理的温度为50-150℃、压力为0.5-5Mpa。
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