WO2022012379A1 - 一种隔热保温复合板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种隔热保温复合板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022012379A1
WO2022012379A1 PCT/CN2021/104761 CN2021104761W WO2022012379A1 WO 2022012379 A1 WO2022012379 A1 WO 2022012379A1 CN 2021104761 W CN2021104761 W CN 2021104761W WO 2022012379 A1 WO2022012379 A1 WO 2022012379A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fiber
panel layer
thermal insulation
reinforced
resin
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2021/104761
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张东生
董会娜
姚栋嘉
刘喜宗
吕多军
张继承
余启勇
吴恒
杨红霞
Original Assignee
巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司 filed Critical 巩义市泛锐熠辉复合材料有限公司
Priority to US18/016,135 priority Critical patent/US20230264452A1/en
Publication of WO2022012379A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022012379A1/zh

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    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/12—Gel
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B2607/00—Walls, panels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/10—Insulation, e.g. vacuum or aerogel insulation

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of thermal insulation, and in particular relates to a thermal insulation composite board and a preparation method thereof.
  • Aerogel is a porous material with nano-scale pore size, the typical pore size is between 1-100nm, the porosity is more than 80%, and it contains a lot of air.
  • the nanoporous structure of aerogel makes the thermal conductivity of the material extremely low, and the thermal insulation effect is good.
  • Aerogel has a certain brittleness due to its low specific gravity and thin pore walls, and its direct use strength is poor.
  • Now industrialized aerogels include aerogel cloth, aerogel paper, aerogel sheet, aerogel felt and other aerogel shaped parts. Aerogel composite materials are generally used as protective materials for sandwich structures because of their unique thermal insulation properties.
  • the sandwich structure plates usually include a panel layer and a sandwich layer.
  • the biggest advantages of this structure are high deformation coordination performance and strong impact resistance. , large size, good heat insulation effect, simple assembly, solve the shortcomings of traditional external heat-proof materials, such as brittleness and powder drop, improve the design margin and safety and environmental protection characteristics, have been used in pipelines, building walls, vehicles, boxes / cabinets It is widely used in body insulation.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a thermal insulation composite board and a preparation method thereof.
  • a thermal insulation composite board comprising a first panel layer and a thermal insulation layer, the thermal insulation layer and the first panel layer are integrally formed;
  • the first panel layer is a fiber reinforced resin-based composite sheet, a metal plate, Cement board, calcium silicate board or gypsum board,
  • the thermal insulation layer is fiber-reinforced aerogel felt;
  • the first panel layer is a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite sheet
  • the surface of the fiber-reinforced aerogel felt in contact with the first panel layer is coated/uncoated with a thermal insulation coating
  • the surface of the fiber-reinforced aerogel felt in contact with the first panel layer is coated with a thermal insulation coating
  • the thermal insulation coating is composed of liquid epoxy resin, thermal insulation filler, curing agent, accelerator and first coupling agent in a mass ratio of 100:(10-50):(20-180):(0.05-3): (0.2-5) composition, or, the thermal insulation coating is composed of water-based elastic coating, water-based resin, flame retardant, silica powder, dispersant, second coupling agent in a mass ratio of (30-60):( 10-30):(2-5):(5-40):(0.5-5):(1-5).
  • the thermal insulation composite board further comprises a second panel layer, the thermal insulation layer is located between the first panel layer and the second panel layer; the thermal insulation layer and the second panel layer It is also integrally formed; the second panel layer is a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite sheet; the fiber-reinforced aerogel felt is coated/uncoated with a spacer on its surface in contact with the first panel layer and the second panel layer at the same time Thermal coating.
  • the fiber reinforced aerogel felt directly wraps the aluminum foil on the outside thereof; when the thermal insulation coating is applied, the fiber reinforced aerogel felt is coated with the insulation After thermal coating, the outside is wrapped with aluminum foil; an adhesive or double-sided tape is arranged between the aluminum foil and the first panel layer and the second panel layer for bonding with the first panel layer and the second panel layer.
  • thermo insulation composite board A preparation method of said thermal insulation composite board:
  • the first panel layer in this step is directly replaced by a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite sheet or a corresponding fiber-reinforced resin-based prepreg tape;
  • the layer is a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite sheet and the surface of the fiber-reinforced aerogel felt in contact with the first panel layer is not coated with a thermal insulation coating, the first panel layer in this step adopts the corresponding fiber-reinforced resin. base prepreg tape instead;
  • the thermal insulation composite board further comprises a second panel layer, the thermal insulation layer is located between the first panel layer and the second panel layer; the thermal insulation layer and the second panel layer It is also integrally formed;
  • the second panel layer is a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite sheet;
  • the fiber-reinforced aerogel felt is coated/uncoated with a spacer on its surface in contact with the first panel layer and the second panel layer at the same time Thermal coating;
  • the corresponding step (2) is: laying the first panel layer and the second panel layer respectively on the surface in contact with the fiber-reinforced aerogel felt; and, when the first panel layer is fiber-reinforced
  • the resin-based composite sheet and the fiber-reinforced aerogel felt are coated with thermal insulation coating on the surfaces in contact with the first panel layer and the second panel layer, the first panel layer and the second panel layer in this step are directly
  • the fiber-reinforced resin-based composite sheet or the corresponding fiber-reinforced resin-based prepreg tape is used instead
  • the fiber reinforced aerogel felt directly wraps the aluminum foil on the outside thereof; when the thermal insulation coating is applied, the fiber reinforced aerogel felt is coated with the insulation Aluminum foil is then wrapped around the outside after thermal coating.
  • the temperature of the hot-press forming process is 50-150° C. and the pressure is 0.5-5 Mpa.
  • the reason why the first panel layer and the second panel layer in step (2) can be semi-finished products-fiber-reinforced resin The reason for the replacement of the fiber-reinforced resin-based prepreg tape is that the fiber-reinforced resin-based prepreg tape is cured into a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite sheet after thermoforming.
  • the fibers in the fiber-reinforced resin-based composite sheet or the fiber-reinforced resin-based prepreg tape in the first panel layer and/or the second panel layer are glass fibers, carbon fibers, quartz fibers, high silica fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, Mullite fiber, silicon carbide fiber, silicon nitride fiber, alumina fiber, boron nitride fiber, basalt fiber, brucite fiber and attapulgite fiber, boron fiber, carbon nanotube, aramid fiber, polyimide One of amine fibers and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers, and the resin in the fiber-reinforced resin-based composite sheet or fiber-reinforced resin-based prepreg tape is epoxy resin, phenolic resin, benzoxazine resin, unsaturated polymer One of ester, vinyl ester resin, silicone resin, cyanate resin.
  • the fibers in the fiber-reinforced aerogel felt are glass fibers, carbon fibers, quartz fibers, high silica fibers, aluminum silicate fibers, mullite fibers, silicon carbide fibers, silicon nitride fibers, alumina fibers, nitrided One of boron fiber, basalt fiber, brucite fiber, attapulgite fiber, boron fiber, carbon nanotube, aramid fiber, polyimide fiber, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber, the fiber reinforced gas coagulation
  • the aerogels in the felt are silica aerogels, carbon aerogels, alumina aerogels, zirconia aerogels, titanium oxide aerogels, iron oxide aerogels, cobalt oxide aerogels, Nickel oxide aerogel, copper oxide aerogel, yttrium oxide aerogel, cerium oxide aerogel, vanadium oxide aerogel, bismuth oxide aerogel, tin oxide aerogel, bisphenol formaldehyde aerogel, One of the graphene aerogel
  • the liquid epoxy resin is one or a mixture of epoxy resin E51 and epoxy resin E44.
  • the heat insulating filler is one or a mixture of two or more selected from titanium dioxide particles, zinc oxide particles, hollow glass microspheres, hollow silica microspheres, hollow phenolic resin microspheres, and ceramic hollow microspheres.
  • the curing agent is one or a mixture of two or more selected from imidazoles, dicyandiamide, triethylenediamine and triethylenetetramine.
  • the accelerators are organic urea UR300 and organic urea UR500.
  • the first coupling agent is a silane coupling agent.
  • the water-based elastic coating is one of water-based ethylene-vinyl acetate elastic coating, water-based organosilicon acrylic elastic coating, water-based acrylic elastic coating, and water-based rubber emulsion.
  • the water-based resin is one of water-based epoxy resin, water-based polyurea resin, water-based phenolic resin, and water-based polyurethane resin.
  • the flame retardant is one or more of phosphorus nitrogen-based flame retardants, inorganic flame retardants, DOPO, decabromodiphenyl ether, and decabromodiphenyl ethane;
  • the inorganic flame retardant is aluminum hydroxide , magnesium hydroxide, ammonium phosphate or zinc borate, and
  • the phosphorus-nitrogen flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate, isopropylated triphenyl phosphate, melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate or melamine cyanurate.
  • the dispersant is one of BYK-161, BYK-163 and BYK-2000.
  • the second coupling agent is one of a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, an aluminate coupling agent, and a borate coupling agent.
  • the fiber-reinforced resin-based composite sheet, the fiber-reinforced resin-based prepreg tape, and the fiber-reinforced aerogel felt can be obtained from the market or prepared by the prior art.
  • the thermal insulation layer and the panel layer of the present invention adopt the method of integral hot pressing, the forming process is simple, and the operation is convenient;
  • the fiber-reinforced resin-based composite sheet is used as the panel layer, and the fiber-reinforced aerogel felt is used as the thermal insulation layer, which can realize the good combination of the panel layer and the thermal insulation layer, and ensure that the overall thermal insulation composite panel is Convenience during transportation and installation; at the same time, fiber-reinforced resin-based composite sheet is used as the panel layer to improve the puncture resistance of the thermal insulation composite board. It has high strength and rigidity, and can be used as pipes, building walls, vehicles, etc. , box/cabinet and other structural parts;
  • the panel layer is a fiber-reinforced resin-based composite sheet
  • the first panel layer and the second panel layer can be semi-finished-fiber-reinforced resin before the hot pressing treatment.
  • the fiber reinforced resin-based prepreg tape is soft, plastic, and has a long storage period before it is cured, the curing process is simple and the operation is convenient, so it can be used for thermal insulation of long-distance transportation.
  • the composite board adopts fiber-reinforced aerogel felt and fiber-reinforced resin-based prepreg tape to be cured and molded at the site of use to obtain the required thermal insulation composite board, or fiber-reinforced resin-based prepreg tape and fiber-reinforced aerogel felt. Pre-curing and then post-curing at the point of use can improve the convenience and flexibility of the transportation process;
  • the present invention adopts the heat insulation coating to be directly painted on the surface of the fiber reinforced aerogel felt as the heat insulation layer, which avoids the occurrence of powder drop during the use of the fiber reinforced aerogel felt, and increases the The safety performance of the thermal insulation composite board, on the other hand, the thermal insulation coating has low density and good thermal insulation performance and mechanical properties, which can improve the fiber reinforced aerogel felt without affecting the thermal insulation performance of the fiber reinforced aerogel felt.
  • the mechanical properties of aerogel felt play an important role in ensuring its use efficiency, and the use of thermal insulation coating does not affect the overall transportation and installation process of thermal insulation composite panels;
  • the thermal insulation coating is used as the connecting phase to bond the fiber reinforced aerogel felt and the panel layer into one piece.
  • the reinforced aerogel felt and the panel layer can achieve a good integrated curing molding, which ensures a good combination between the fiber reinforced aerogel felt and the panel layer, and avoids the fiber reinforced aerogel felt and the panel layer during transportation and use. cracking problem between;
  • the surface of the fiber-reinforced aerogel felt is covered with aluminum foil, which can directly reflect the heat transferred from the first panel, and at the same time reflect the remaining heat after the fiber-reinforced aerogel felt is insulated - heat insulation- Reflection and other processes ultimately ensure that only a small amount of heat reaches the second panel layer, which improves the thermal insulation efficiency and further reduces the temperature in the space;
  • the thermal insulation composite board provided by the present invention can implement thermal insulation solutions in scenarios such as pipes, walls, boxes, etc., and has the advantages of convenient operation, simple operation, and the like.
  • a thermal insulation composite board comprising a first panel layer and a thermal insulation layer, the thermal insulation layer and the first panel layer are integrally formed;
  • the first panel layer is a glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite sheet,
  • the thermal insulation layer is a glass fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt.
  • a thermal insulation composite board comprising a first panel layer and a thermal insulation layer, the thermal insulation layer and the first panel layer are integrally formed; the first panel layer is a glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin composite sheet, and the The thermal insulation layer is a glass fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt.
  • a thermal insulation composite board comprising a first panel layer and a thermal insulation layer, the thermal insulation layer and the first panel layer are integrally formed; the first panel layer is a carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin-based composite sheet, and the The thermal insulation layer is aluminum silicate fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt.
  • the water-based elastic coating is Water-based ethylene-vinyl acetate elastic coating
  • the water-based resin is water-based epoxy resin
  • the flame retardant is ammonium polyphosphate
  • the dispersant is BYK-161
  • the second coupling agent is a silane coupling agent
  • the carbon fiber reinforced phenolic resin-based composite sheet of the first panel layer is spread on the upper surface of the obtained aluminum silicate fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt after painting the thermal insulation slurry;
  • a thermal insulation composite board comprising a first panel layer, a thermal insulation layer and a second panel layer, wherein the thermal insulation layer is located between the first panel layer and the second panel layer, the thermal insulation layer and the first panel layer between the heat insulation layer and the second panel layer are integrally formed;
  • the first panel layer is a metal plate
  • the second panel layer is a glass fiber reinforced unsaturated polyester-based composite sheet
  • the heat insulation and heat preservation layer is The layer is a glass fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt.
  • a thermal insulation composite board comprising a first panel layer and a thermal insulation layer, the thermal insulation layer and the first panel layer are integrally formed;
  • the first panel layer is an aramid fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite sheet
  • the heat insulation layer is a mullite fiber reinforced zirconia aerogel felt;
  • the surface of the mullite fiber reinforced zirconia aerogel felt in contact with the first panel layer is coated with a heat insulation coating.
  • (1) lay the mullite fiber reinforced zirconia aerogel felt flat; put the liquid epoxy resin, heat insulating filler, curing agent, accelerator, first coupling agent in a mass ratio of 100:20:50:
  • the thermal insulation slurry is obtained after mixing at a high speed of 0.1:1, and then evenly brushed on the upper surface of the mullite fiber reinforced zirconia aerogel felt;
  • the liquid epoxy resin is epoxy resin E51;
  • the said liquid epoxy resin is epoxy resin E51;
  • the heat insulating filler is hollow glass microspheres;
  • the curing agent is dicyandiamide;
  • the accelerator is organic urea UR300; and the first coupling agent is a silane coupling agent.
  • the first panel layer aramid fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite sheet is spread on the upper surface of the obtained mullite fiber reinforced zirconia aerogel felt after painting the thermal insulation slurry;
  • a thermal insulation composite board comprising a first panel layer, a thermal insulation layer and a second panel layer, wherein the thermal insulation layer is located between the first panel layer and the second panel layer, the thermal insulation layer and the first panel layer between the heat insulation layer and the second panel layer are integrally formed; the first panel layer is a calcium silicate board, the second panel layer is a quartz fiber reinforced vinyl ester resin-based composite sheet, and the partition
  • the thermal insulation layer is a glass fiber reinforced alumina aerogel felt; the surface of the glass fiber reinforced alumina aerogel felt in contact with the first panel layer and the second panel layer is coated with a heat insulation coating.
  • a thermal insulation composite board comprising a first panel layer and a thermal insulation layer, the thermal insulation layer and the first panel layer are integrally formed; the first panel layer is an alumina fiber reinforced cyanate ester resin matrix composite panel
  • the thermal insulation layer is a high silica fiber reinforced titanium dioxide aerogel felt; the surface of the high silica fiber reinforced titanium dioxide aerogel felt in contact with the first panel layer is coated with a heat insulation coating.
  • the thermal insulation slurry is obtained, and then it is evenly painted on the upper surface of the high-silica fiber reinforced titanium dioxide aerogel felt;
  • the water-based elastic coating is water-based acrylic elastic coating;
  • the water-based resin is water-based phenolic resin;
  • the flame retardant is magnesium hydroxide;
  • the dispersant is BYK-2000;
  • the second coupling agent is a titanate coupling agent;
  • the first panel layer alumina fiber reinforced cyanate ester resin-based composite sheet is spread on the upper surface of the obtained high silica fiber reinforced titanium dioxide aerogel felt after painting the thermal insulation slurry;
  • a thermal insulation composite board comprising a first panel layer, a thermal insulation layer and a second panel layer, wherein the thermal insulation layer is located between the first panel layer and the second panel layer, the thermal insulation layer and the first panel layer
  • the first panel layer is a cement board
  • the second panel layer is a quartz fiber reinforced phenolic resin-based composite sheet
  • the heat insulation layer is The boron fiber reinforced graphene aerogel felt; the boron fiber reinforced graphene aerogel felt is coated with a thermal insulation coating on its surface in contact with the first panel layer and the second panel layer.
  • the boron fiber reinforced graphene aerogel felt is laid flat; the water-based elastic coating, water-based resin, flame retardant, silica powder, dispersant, the second coupling agent are in a mass ratio of 55:30: 5: 40: 3: 5 is mixed with high-speed stirring to obtain a thermal insulation slurry, and then evenly painted on the upper and lower surfaces of the boron fiber reinforced graphene aerogel felt; the water-based elastic coating is a water-based rubber emulsion
  • the water-based resin is a water-based polyurethane resin; the flame retardant is DOPO; the dispersant is BYK-161; the second coupling agent is a borate coupling agent;
  • a thermal insulation composite board comprising a first panel layer, a thermal insulation layer and a second panel layer, wherein the thermal insulation layer is located between the first panel layer and the second panel layer, the thermal insulation layer and the first panel layer between the thermal insulation layer and the second panel layer are integrally formed;
  • the first panel layer is a glass fiber reinforced cyanate ester resin matrix composite sheet
  • the second panel layer is a glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite sheet Sheet
  • the thermal insulation layer is a glass fiber reinforced graphene aerogel felt;
  • the glass fiber reinforced graphene aerogel felt is coated with a thermal insulation coating on the surface in contact with the first panel layer and the second panel layer.
  • the glass fiber reinforced graphene aerogel felt is coated with a thermal insulation coating and then wrapped with aluminum foil on the outside, and an adhesive is arranged between the aluminum foil and the first panel layer and the second panel layer.
  • the aerogel felt is wrapped around, and a layer of adhesive is respectively coated on the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum foil;
  • the liquid epoxy resin is epoxy resin E51;
  • the thermal insulation filler is zinc oxide particles;
  • the agent is triethylenetetramine;
  • the accelerator is organic urea UR500;
  • the first coupling agent is a silane coupling agent;
  • the glass fiber reinforced cyanate resin-based composite sheet of the first panel layer and the glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite sheet of the second panel layer are respectively laid on the glass fiber reinforced graphene aerogel felt obtained after wrapping with aluminum foil the upper and lower surfaces of the
  • a thermal insulation composite board comprising a first panel layer, a thermal insulation layer and a second panel layer, wherein the thermal insulation layer is located between the first panel layer and the second panel layer, the thermal insulation layer and the first panel layer
  • the heat insulation layer and the second panel layer are integrally formed;
  • the first panel layer is a metal plate
  • the second panel layer is a glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin matrix composite sheet
  • the heat insulation layer It is a carbon fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt
  • the carbon fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt is coated with a thermal insulation coating on its surface in contact with the first panel layer and the second panel layer, and the carbon fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt
  • the gel felt is coated with a thermal insulation coating and then wrapped with aluminum foil on the outside thereof, and an adhesive is arranged between the aluminum foil, the first panel layer and the second panel layer.
  • the carbon fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt is wrapped around, and the upper surface and the lower surface of the aluminum foil are respectively coated with a layer of adhesive;
  • the water-based elastic coating is a water-based ethylene-vinyl acetate elastic coating;
  • the water-based resin is water-based epoxy resin;
  • the flame retardant is decabromodiphenyl ether;
  • the dispersant is BYK-163;
  • the second coupling agent is a silane coupling agent;
  • the first panel layer metal plate, the second panel layer glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin-based composite sheet are spread on the upper surface and the lower surface of the fiber-reinforced aerogel felt obtained by wrapping the aluminum foil respectively;

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明属于隔热保温技术领域，公开一种隔热保温复合板及其制备方法。包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石膏板，所述隔热保温层为纤维增强气凝胶毡。制备方法：(1)、将纤维增强气凝胶毡平铺放置；(2)、将第一面板层平铺于纤维增强气凝胶毡的上表面；(3)、热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。本发明提供的隔热保温复合板可以在对管材、墙体、箱体等场景实施保温方案，具有操作方便、简单易行等优点。

Description

一种隔热保温复合板及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明属于隔热保温技术领域，具体涉及一种隔热保温复合板及其制备方法。
背景技术
气凝胶是一种具有纳米级孔径的多孔洞材料，典型的孔洞大小在1-100nm之间，孔洞率在80％以上，内含大量的空气。气凝胶的纳米孔洞结构使得材料的热导率极低，绝热保温效果好。
气凝胶由于比重低、孔洞壁薄，因此具有一定的脆性，直接使用强度不佳。现在工业化的气凝胶有气凝胶布、气凝胶纸、气凝胶板、气凝胶毡和其他气凝胶异形件。气凝胶复合材料因其独特的隔热保温性能，一般将其用作夹层结构防护材料，夹层结构板材通常包括面板层与夹心层，该结构的最大优点是变形协调性能高、抗冲击能力强、尺寸大、隔热效果好、装配简单，解决了传统外防热材料脆性大、掉粉的缺点，提高了设计余量和安全环保特性，已经在管道、建筑墙体、车辆、箱/柜体保温上实现广泛应用。
发明内容
为克服现有技术中存在的不足之处，本发明的目的旨在提供一种隔热保温复合板及其制备方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采取的技术方案如下：
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石膏板，所述隔热保温层为纤维增强气凝胶毡；
当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆/不涂覆隔热涂层；
当第一面板层为金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石膏板时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层；
所述隔热涂层由液体环氧树脂、隔热填料、固化剂、促进剂、第一偶联剂按质量比100∶(10-50)∶(20-180)∶(0.05-3)∶(0.2-5)组成，或者，所述隔热涂层由水性弹性涂料、水性树脂、阻燃剂、二氧化硅粉、分散剂、第二偶联剂按质量比(30-60)∶(10-30)∶(2-5)∶(5-40)∶(0.5-5)∶(1-5)组成。
在上述技术方案基础上，进一步地，所述隔热保温复合板还包括第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间；隔热保温层与第二面板层之间亦一体成型；所述第二面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片；纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面同时涂覆/不涂覆隔热涂层。
在上述技术方案基础上，进一步地，不涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡直接在其外部包裹铝箔；涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在涂覆隔热涂层后再在其外部包裹铝箔；铝箔与第一面板层、第二面板层之间设置有胶黏剂或双面胶以便与第一面板层、第二面板层进行粘接。
在上述技术方案基础上，进一步地，采用粘接双面胶代替涂覆隔热涂层。
一种所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
(1)、将纤维增强气凝胶毡平铺放置；
(2)、将第一面板层平铺于纤维增强气凝胶毡与之相接触的表面上；并且，当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层直接采用纤维增强树脂基复合片或者采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面不涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；
(3)、热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
在上述技术方案基础上，进一步地，所述隔热保温复合板还包括第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间；隔热保温层与第二面板层之间亦一体成型；所述第二面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片；纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面同时涂覆/不涂覆隔热涂层；对应的步骤(2)为：将第一面板层和第二面板层分别平铺于纤维增强气凝胶毡与之相接触的表面上；并且，当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层和第二面板层直接采用纤维增强树脂基复合片或者采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面不涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层和第二面板层采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；当第一面板层为金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石 膏板，纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层时，第二面板层直接采用纤维增强树脂基复合片或者采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替。
在上述技术方案基础上，进一步地，不涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡直接在其外部包裹铝箔；涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在涂覆隔热涂层后再在其外部包裹铝箔。
在上述技术方案基础上，进一步地，采用粘接双面胶代替涂覆隔热涂层。
较好地，热压成型处理的温度为50-150℃、压力为0.5-5Mpa。
本发明中，当第一面板层和/或第二面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片时，步骤(2)中第一面板层和第二面板层之所以可采用其半成品--纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替的原因是纤维增强树脂基预浸带在热压成型后固化成为纤维增强树脂基复合片。
第一面板层和/或第二面板层中所述纤维增强树脂基复合片或纤维增强树脂基预浸带中的纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、氮化硼纤维、玄武岩纤维、水镁石纤维和凹凸棒石纤维、硼纤维、碳纳米管、芳纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维中的一种，所述纤维增强树脂基复合片或纤维增强树脂基预浸带中的树脂为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂、不饱和聚酯、乙烯基酯树脂、硅树脂、氰酸酯树脂中的一种。
所述纤维增强气凝胶毡中的纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、氮化硼纤维、玄武岩纤维、水镁石纤维、凹凸棒石纤维、硼纤维、碳纳米管、芳纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维中的一种，所述纤维增强气凝胶毡中的气凝胶为二氧化硅气凝胶、碳气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶、氧化锆气凝胶、氧化钛气凝胶、氧化铁气凝胶、氧化钴气凝胶、氧化镍气凝胶、氧化铜气凝胶、氧化钇气凝胶、氧化铈气凝胶、氧化钒气凝胶、氧化铋气凝胶、氧化锡气凝胶、苯二酚甲醛气凝胶、石墨烯气凝胶中的一种。
所述液体环氧树脂为环氧树脂E51、环氧树脂E44中的一种或两种的混合物。
所述隔热填料为二氧化钛颗粒、氧化锌颗粒、空心玻璃微珠、空心二氧化硅微珠、空心酚醛树脂微球、陶瓷空心微球中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
所述固化剂为咪唑类、双氰胺、三乙烯二胺、三乙烯四胺中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
所述促进剂为有机脲UR300、有机脲UR500。
所述第一偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂。
所述水性弹性涂料为水性乙烯-醋酸乙烯弹性涂料、水性有机硅丙弹性涂料、水性丙烯酸类弹性涂料、水性橡胶乳液中的一种。
所述水性树脂为水性环氧树脂、水性聚脲树脂、水性酚醛树脂、水性聚氨酯树脂中的一种。
所述阻燃剂为磷氮系阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂、DOPO、十溴二苯醚、十溴二苯乙烷中的一种或几种；所述无机阻燃剂为氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、磷酸铵或硼酸锌，所述磷氮系阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵、异丙基化磷酸三苯酯、蜜胺磷酸盐、蜜胺焦磷酸盐或三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐。
所述分散剂为BYK-161、BYK-163、BYK-2000中的一种。
所述第二偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、硼酸酯偶联剂中的一种。
本发明中，纤维增强树脂基复合片或纤维增强树脂基预浸带、纤维增强气凝胶毡可通过市购或现有技术制备获得。
有益效果：
(1)、本发明隔热保温层与面板层采用一体热压成型的方法，成型工艺简单，操作方便；
(2)、本发明采用纤维增强树脂基复合片作为面板层，纤维增强气凝胶毡作为隔热保温层，可实现面板层与隔热保温层的良好结合，保证隔热保温复合板整体在输运及安装过程中的便捷性；同时采用纤维增强树脂基复合片作为面板层，提高隔热保温复合板的耐穿刺性，具有较高的强度和刚性，能作为管道、建筑墙体、车辆、箱/柜体等结构件使用；
(3)、当面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片时，在隔热保温复合板的制备过程中，第一面板层和第二面板层在热压处理之前可采用其半成品--纤维增强树脂基预浸带，由于纤维增强树脂基预浸带在未固化前，整体柔软、可塑型强，且保存周期较长，同时固化工艺简单，操作方便，因此可以对远距离输运的隔热保温复合板采用将纤维增强气凝胶毡与纤维增强树脂基预浸带在使用地点进行固化成型得到所需的隔热保温复合板，或者将纤维增强树脂基预浸带与纤维增强气凝胶毡预固化然后再在使用地点后固化的方式，均可以提高其在输运过程的方便和灵活程度；
(4)、本发明采用隔热涂层直接涂刷在纤维增强气凝胶毡表面作为隔热保温层，一方面避免了纤维增强气凝胶毡在使用过程中掉粉情况的发生，增加了隔热保温复合板的安全性能， 另一方面隔热涂层具有较低的密度和良好的隔热性能、力学性能，在不影响纤维增强气凝胶毡隔热性能的前提下对提高纤维增强气凝胶毡的力学性能保证其使用效能具有重要的作用，同时隔热涂层的使用并不影响隔热保温复合板整体的输运及安装过程；
(5)、本发明将隔热涂层作为连接相用于将纤维增强气凝胶毡与面板层粘接一体成型，隔热涂层在固化成型过程中凭借树脂浆料的粘粘性可以在纤维增强气凝胶毡和面板层之间实现很好的一体固化成型，保证纤维增强气凝胶毡与面板层之间良好的结合，避免在输运使用过程中纤维增强气凝胶毡与面板层之间的开裂问题；
(6)、本发明在纤维增强气凝胶毡表面包覆铝箔，能够直接对第一面板传递过来的热量进行反射，同时对纤维增强气凝胶毡隔热后剩余热量进行反射-隔热-反射等过程，最终保证只有少量的热量到达第二面板层，提高隔热效率，进一步降低空间内的温度；
(7)、本发明提供的隔热保温复合板可以在对管材、墙体、箱体等场景实施保温方案，具有操作方便、简单易行等优点。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例，对本发明做进一步说明。应理解，以下实施例仅用于说明本发明而非用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
(1)、将玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡平铺放置；
(2)、将与第一面板层对应的玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基预浸带平铺于玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面；
(3)、在140℃、压力为2Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例2
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合片，所述隔热保温层为玻璃纤维增强 二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
(1)、将玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡平铺放置；
(2)、将第一面板层玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合片平铺于玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面，并在玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡与玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合片相接触的表面上贴合双面胶进行粘结；
(3)、在60℃、压力为0.5Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例3
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为碳纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为硅酸铝纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
(1)、将硅酸铝纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡平铺放置；将水性弹性涂料、水性树脂、阻燃剂、二氧化硅粉、分散剂、第二偶联剂按质量比40∶20∶3∶15∶1∶2经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在硅酸铝纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面；所述水性弹性涂料为水性乙烯-醋酸乙烯弹性涂料；所述水性树脂为水性环氧树脂；所述阻燃剂为聚磷酸铵；所述分散剂为BYK-161；所述第二偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂；
(2)、将第一面板层碳纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合片平铺于涂刷隔热浆料后所得硅酸铝纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面；
(3)、在120℃、压力为1.5Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例4
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层、第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间、隔热保温层与第二面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为金属板，所述第二面板层为玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯基复合片，所述隔热保温层为玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
(1)将玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡平铺放置；
(2)、将第一面板层金属板、第二面板层玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯基复合片分别平铺于玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面，其中玻璃纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面分别贴合双面胶以便与第一面板层金属板、第二面板层玻璃纤维增强不饱和聚酯基复合片进行粘结；
(3)、在50℃、压力为4Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例5
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为芳纶纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为莫来石纤维增强氧化锆气凝胶毡；莫来石纤维增强氧化锆气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
(1)、将莫来石纤维增强氧化锆气凝胶毡平铺放置；将液体环氧树脂、隔热填料、固化剂、促进剂、第一偶联剂按质量比100∶20∶50∶0.1∶1经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在莫来石纤维增强氧化锆气凝胶毡的上表面；所述液体环氧树脂为环氧树脂E51；所述隔热填料为空心玻璃微珠；所述固化剂为双氰胺；所述促进剂为有机脲UR300；所述第一偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂。
(2)、将第一面板层芳纶纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片平铺于涂刷隔热浆料后所得莫来石纤维增强氧化锆气凝胶毡的上表面；
(3)、在100℃、压力为2Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例6
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层、第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间、隔热保温层与第二面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为硅酸钙板，所述第二面板层为石英纤维增强乙烯基酯树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为玻璃纤维增强氧化铝气凝胶毡；玻璃纤维增强氧化铝气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层和第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
(1)、将玻璃纤维增强氧化铝气凝胶毡平铺放置；将液体环氧树脂、隔热填料、固化剂、促进剂、第一偶联剂按质量比100∶40∶80∶2∶3经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在玻璃纤维增强氧化铝气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面；所述液体环氧树脂为环氧树脂E44；所述隔热填料为陶瓷空心微球；所述固化剂为三乙烯二胺；所述促进剂为有机脲UR500；所述第一偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂；
(2)、将第一面板层硅酸钙板、第二面板层石英纤维增强乙烯基酯树脂基复合片分别平铺于涂刷隔热浆料后所得玻璃纤维增强氧化铝气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面；
(3)、在110℃、压力为3Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例7
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为氧化铝纤维增强氰酸酯树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为高硅氧纤维增强二氧化钛气凝胶毡；高硅氧纤维增强二氧化钛气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
(1)、将高硅氧纤维增强二氧化钛气凝胶毡平铺放置；将水性弹性涂料、水性树脂、阻燃剂、二氧化硅粉、分散剂、第二偶联剂按质量比50∶25∶4∶35∶3∶4经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在高硅氧纤维增强二氧化钛气凝胶毡的上表面；所述水性弹性涂料为水性丙烯酸类弹性涂料；所述水性树脂为水性酚醛树脂；所述阻燃剂为氢氧化镁；所述分散剂为BYK-2000；所述第二偶联剂为钛酸酯偶联剂；
(2)、将第一面板层氧化铝纤维增强氰酸酯树脂基复合片平铺于涂刷隔热浆料后所得高硅氧纤维增强二氧化钛气凝胶毡的上表面；
(3)、在100℃、压力为0.5Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例8
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层、第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间、隔热保温层与第二面板层之间 一体成型；所述第一面板层为水泥板，所述第二面板层为石英纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为硼纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡；硼纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层和第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
(1)、将硼纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡平铺放置；将水性弹性涂料、水性树脂、阻燃剂、二氧化硅粉、分散剂、第二偶联剂按质量比55∶30∶5∶40∶3∶5经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在硼纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面；所述水性弹性涂料为水性橡胶乳液；所述水性树脂为水性聚氨酯树脂；所述阻燃剂为DOPO；所述分散剂为BYK-161；所述第二偶联剂为硼酸酯偶联剂；
(2)、将第一面板层水泥板、第二面板层石英纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合片分别平铺于涂刷隔热浆料后所得硼纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面；
(3)、在110℃、压力为1Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例9
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层、第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间、隔热保温层与第二面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为玻璃纤维增强氰酸酯树脂基复合片，所述第二面板层为玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡；玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层和第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层，玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡在涂覆隔热涂层后再在其外部包裹铝箔，铝箔与第一面板层、第二面板层之间设置有胶黏剂。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
(1)、将玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡平铺放置；将液体环氧树脂、隔热填料、固化剂、促进剂、第一偶联剂按质量比100∶20∶90∶2∶3经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面，涂刷隔热浆料后用铝箔将玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡的四周包裹，在铝箔的上表面和下表面分别涂覆一层胶黏剂；所述液体环氧树脂为环氧树脂E51；所述隔热填料为氧化锌颗粒；所述固化剂为三乙烯四胺；所述促进剂为有机脲UR500；所述第一偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂；
(2)、将第一面板层玻璃纤维增强氰酸酯树脂基复合片、第二面板层玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片分别平铺于铝箔包裹后所得玻璃纤维增强石墨烯气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面；
(3)、在150℃、压力为5Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
实施例10
一种隔热保温复合板，包括第一面板层、隔热保温层、第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间、隔热保温层与第二面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为金属板，所述第二面板层为玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片，所述隔热保温层为碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡；碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层和第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层，碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡在涂覆隔热涂层后再在其外部包裹铝箔，铝箔与第一面板层、第二面板层之间设置有胶黏剂。
所述隔热保温复合板的制备方法：
(1)、将碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡平铺放置；将水性弹性涂料、水性树脂、阻燃剂、二氧化硅粉、分散剂、第二偶联剂按质量比60∶25∶2∶30∶4∶3经高速搅拌混合后得到隔热浆料，然后将其均匀涂刷在碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面，涂刷隔热浆料后用铝箔将碳纤维增强二氧化硅气凝胶毡的四周包裹，在铝箔的上表面和下表面分别涂覆一层胶黏剂；所述水性弹性涂料为水性乙烯-醋酸乙烯弹性涂料；所述水性树脂为水性环氧树脂；所述阻燃剂为十溴二苯醚；所述分散剂为BYK-163；所述第二偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂；
(2)、将第一面板层金属板、第二面板层玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂基复合片分别平铺于铝箔包裹所得纤维增强气凝胶毡的上表面和下表面；
(3)、在115℃、压力为2.5Mpa的条件下热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种隔热保温复合板，其特征在于：包括第一面板层、隔热保温层，隔热保温层与第一面板层之间一体成型；所述第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石膏板，所述隔热保温层为纤维增强气凝胶毡；
    当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆/不涂覆隔热涂层；
    当第一面板层为金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石膏板时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层；
    所述隔热涂层由液体环氧树脂、隔热填料、固化剂、促进剂、第一偶联剂按质量比100∶(10-50)∶(20-180)∶(0.05-3)∶(0.2-5)组成，或者，所述隔热涂层由水性弹性涂料、水性树脂、阻燃剂、二氧化硅粉、分散剂、第二偶联剂按质量比(30-60)∶(10-30)∶(2-5)∶(5-40)∶(0.5-5)∶(1-5)组成。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的隔热保温复合板，其特征在于：所述隔热保温复合板还包括第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间；隔热保温层与第二面板层之间亦一体成型；所述第二面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片；纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面同时涂覆/不涂覆隔热涂层。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的隔热保温复合板，其特征在于：不涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡直接在其外部包裹铝箔；涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在涂覆隔热涂层后再在其外部包裹铝箔；铝箔与第一面板层、第二面板层之间设置有胶黏剂或双面胶。
  4. 如权利要求1或2所述的隔热保温复合板，其特征在于：采用粘接双面胶代替涂覆隔热涂层。
  5. 如权利要求1或2所述的隔热保温复合板，其特征在于：
    所述纤维增强树脂基复合片中的纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、氮化硼纤维、玄武岩纤维、水镁石纤维和凹凸棒石纤维、硼纤维、碳纳米管、芳纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维中的一种，所述纤维增强树脂基复合片或纤维增强树脂基预浸带中的树脂为环氧树脂、酚醛树脂、苯并噁嗪树脂、不饱和聚酯、乙烯基酯树脂、硅树脂、氰酸酯树脂中的一种；
    所述纤维增强气凝胶毡中的纤维为玻璃纤维、碳纤维、石英纤维、高硅氧纤维、硅酸铝纤维、莫来石纤维、碳化硅纤维、氮化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、氮化硼纤维、玄武岩纤维、水 镁石纤维、凹凸棒石纤维、硼纤维、碳纳米管、芳纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、超高分子量聚乙烯纤维中的一种，所述纤维增强气凝胶毡中的气凝胶为二氧化硅气凝胶、碳气凝胶、氧化铝气凝胶、氧化锆气凝胶、氧化钛气凝胶、氧化铁气凝胶、氧化钴气凝胶、氧化镍气凝胶、氧化铜气凝胶、氧化钇气凝胶、氧化铈气凝胶、氧化钒气凝胶、氧化铋气凝胶、氧化锡气凝胶、苯二酚甲醛气凝胶、石墨烯气凝胶中的一种；
    所述液体环氧树脂为环氧树脂E51、环氧树脂E44中的一种或两种的混合物；
    所述隔热填料为二氧化钛颗粒、氧化锌颗粒、空心玻璃微珠、空心二氧化硅微珠、空心酚醛树脂微球、陶瓷空心微球中的一种或两种以上的混合物；
    所述固化剂为咪唑类、双氰胺、三乙烯二胺、三乙烯四胺中的一种或两种以上的混合物。
    所述促进剂为有机脲UR300、有机脲UR500；
    所述第一偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂；
    所述水性弹性涂料为水性乙烯-醋酸乙烯弹性涂料、水性有机硅丙弹性涂料、水性丙烯酸类弹性涂料、水性橡胶乳液中的一种；
    所述水性树脂为水性环氧树脂、水性聚脲树脂、水性酚醛树脂、水性聚氨酯树脂中的一种；
    所述阻燃剂为磷氮系阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂、DOPO、十溴二苯醚、十溴二苯乙烷中的一种或几种；
    所述分散剂为BYK-161、BYK-163、BYK-2000中的一种；
    所述第二偶联剂为硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、硼酸酯偶联剂中的一种。
  6. 一种如权利要求1所述的隔热保温复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：
    (1)、将纤维增强气凝胶毡平铺放置；
    (2)、将第一面板层平铺于纤维增强气凝胶毡与之相接触的表面上；并且，当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层直接采用纤维增强树脂基复合片或者采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层相接触的表面不涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；
    (3)、热压成型处理，即得隔热保温复合板。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的隔热保温复合板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述隔热保温复合板还包括第二面板层，隔热保温层位于第一面板层和第二面板层之间；隔热保温层与第二面板层之间亦一体成型；所述第二面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片；纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面同时涂覆/不涂覆隔热涂层；对应的步骤(2)为：将第一面板层和第二面板层分别平铺于纤维增强气凝胶毡与之相接触的表面上；并且，当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层和第二面板层分别直接采用纤维增强树脂基复合片或者采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；当第一面板层为纤维增强树脂基复合片、纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面不涂覆隔热涂层时，该步骤中的第一面板层和第二面板层分别采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替；当第一面板层为金属板、水泥板、硅酸钙板或石膏板，纤维增强气凝胶毡在其与第一面板层、第二面板层相接触的表面涂覆有隔热涂层时，第二面板层直接采用纤维增强树脂基复合片或者采用与其对应的纤维增强树脂基预浸带代替。
  8. 如权利要求6或7所述的隔热保温复合板的制备方法，其特征在于，不涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡直接在其外部包裹铝箔；涂覆隔热涂层时，纤维增强气凝胶毡在涂覆隔热涂层后再在其外部包裹铝箔。
  9. 如权利要求6或7所述的隔热保温复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：采用粘接双面胶代替涂覆隔热涂层。
  10. 如权利要求6或7所述的隔热保温复合板的制备方法，其特征在于：热压成型处理的温度为50-150℃、压力为0.5-5Mpa。
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