CN111820063B - Dwarf-resistant cultivation method for banana plants by additionally applying silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer - Google Patents
Dwarf-resistant cultivation method for banana plants by additionally applying silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN111820063B CN111820063B CN202010714772.7A CN202010714772A CN111820063B CN 111820063 B CN111820063 B CN 111820063B CN 202010714772 A CN202010714772 A CN 202010714772A CN 111820063 B CN111820063 B CN 111820063B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
- A01N57/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-nitrogen bonds
- A01N57/32—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds having phosphorus-to-nitrogen bonds containing heterocyclic radicals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
Abstract
A dwarf-resistant cultivation method for banana plants by additionally applying silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a banana garden; (2) water and fertilizer management before field planting: spraying 150 kg/mu of plant ash 125 and 360 kg/mu of retted silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer 300 on the ridge surface; (3) planting banana seedlings; (4) water and fertilizer management is carried out from the initial fruit stage after the field planting and the growth recovery; (5) leaving a bud; (6) and (4) removing buds and weeding. According to the method, the silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer is retted on the surface of the furrow before the dwarf banana is cultivated and planted, so that the content of organic matters and other nutrient elements in soil can be increased, and the healthy growth of dwarf banana plants is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of planting of plantain, and particularly belongs to a method for planting plantain with increased application of silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer to resist blight.
Background
Powder of banana (A), (B)Musa ABB Pisang Awak) Is a main cultivated species of banana, also named as canna, milk banana and the like. Is popular with consumers because of thin skin, much meat and fragrant and smooth taste. However, the banana is very easy to infect No. 1 physiological race (FCO.1) of banana fusarium wilt bacterium) And banana fusarium wilt bacterium No. 4 physiological race (FCO.4), and the growth period is long, and the wilt disease condition is easy to occur. The conventional cultivation technology can only be used for planting one banana with the blight incidence rate of 2 bananas with buds being remained up to more than 30%, and even the banana canbe harvested absolutely, so that the banana canbe planted in a new place after one banana is planted, the production cost is increased, and the development of the banana canker industry is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dwarf-resistant cultivation method for banana plants by additionally applying silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer, and aims to solve the technical problem that the banana plants can not be planted twice due to serious blight resistance in the cultivation process.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a dwarf-resistant cultivation method for banana plants by additionally applying silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1. establishing a banana garden: selecting land blocks with gradient less than 30 degrees in the banana garden, deeply turning over the land blocks by 80-120cm in the whole garden, insolating for 5-10d, raising ridges for planting, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 3.5-4.0m, a longitudinal ditch with depth more than 80cm and width more than 60cm is dug between the ridges, and ditching along the direction of low terrain along the slope surface and slowly flat land in a sloping field; no furrowing is carried out on the sloping field in the direction vertical to the longitudinal furrows, and transverse furrows are slowly and flatly arranged in the direction vertical to the longitudinal furrows at intervals of 40-50 m;
2. water and fertilizer management before field planting: 150 kg/mu of plant ash and 300 kg/mu of retted silkworm excrement biological organic fertilizer are spread on the surface of the ridge, 360 kg/mu of retted silkworm excrement biological organic fertilizer is spread on the surface of the ridge, planting holes with the diameter of 40-60cm and the depth of 40-50cm are dug on the surface of the ridge, two rows of planting holes are dug in each ridge, the pesticide and the bactericide are uniformly mixed with soil and then buried in the planting holes, 0.15-0.20kg of high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer and 0.50-0.75kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are mixed and then buried and spread on two sides of each planting hole respectively in two parts;
3. planting banana seedlings: selecting nontoxic banana tissue culture seedlings with 8-12 leaf ages in 3-5 months or 11-12 months per year, soaking in 0.05-0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10-30S, and planting; spraying 4.0-5.0kg of a 1000-fold liquid of 4% kasugamycin per plant after field planting, and ensuring that the water content of soil is more than 80% until the plant recovers normal growth, wherein after the fixed value is finished in 11-12 months, a mulching film and a solar film are covered, and the mulching film and the solar film are removed after the beginning of spring of the next year;
4. and (3) water and fertilizer management from the initial fruit stage after field planting and growth recovery: during the period from the planting recovery growth to the initial fruit stage, adopting a drip irrigation mode to avoid rainy days, and applying 2.0-4.0 kg/plant of a trace element water-soluble fertilizer solution with the concentration of 1-5 per thousand per plant every 7-10 days until the soil around the banana plants with the radius of 20-30cm is wet; 2.5-3.0kg of retted silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer and 0.15-0.20kg of high-potassium slow-release compound fertilizer are applied to each plant in the bud drawing period; 0.15-0.20kg of high-potassium slow-release compound fertilizer is broadcast per plant in the initial fruit period; the growth is recovered to 2-3 months before the harvest, 4% of kasugamycin 1000-fold liquid or 20% of hymexazol emulsifiable concentrate 1000-fold liquid is dripped once every 1-2 months, or the two are alternately used at 4.0-5.0 kg/strain;
5. leaving a gemmulation: starting to leave a first-generation bud 5-10 days before bud drawing, removing the mother plant in time after fruit harvesting, burying and applying 0.5 kg/plant of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.15-0.20 kg/plant of high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer after the mother plant finishes 1-2 months, and then adopting a water and fertilizer management mode which is the same as that from the first-generation banana seedling after field planting and growth recovery to the initial fruit period;
6. removing buds and weeding: removing buds in a mode of not moving soil in the whole garden, cutting off overground parts of the buds on the flat ground before the banana buds grow to 1.0m, placing the buds between two banana plants, or filling kerosene for bud killing from the bud center leaves downwards before the banana buds grow to 0.5m, and filling 10-50ml of kerosene for each bud. Herbicide is not sprayed in the whole garden, and after planting, the whole garden is manually pulled out before the banana seedlings are sealed; the furrow surface does not need to be weeded after the banana seedlings are covered, and the weeds in the furrow are manually mowed in a mode of cutting off the part 1-5cm away from the ground.
Further preferably, the pesticide in the step 2 is fosthiazate granules or phoxim or abamectin, the bactericide is hymexazol, 10g of fosthiazate granules with the concentration of 10 percent, 5g of hymexazol powder with the concentration of 15 percent and 4g of abamectin wettable powder with the concentration of 1.8 percent are applied to each planting hole.
Further, in the step 2 and the step 4, the total nitrogen content of the silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer is 1.84%, the phosphorus content is 0.99%, the potassium content is 0.68%, and the organic matter content is more than 40%.
Further, the planting distance of the plantain seedlings after field planting in the step 3 is 2.0-2.5 multiplied by 2.5m, and the planting density is 100-.
In addition, the water-soluble fertilizer solution of the trace elements in the step 6 is a Saccharum-rich German molar water-soluble fertilizer or a Yile application.
More preferably, the high-potassium slow-release compound fertilizer and the high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer are Entach slow-release compound fertilizers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects:
according to the method, the silkworm excrement biological organic fertilizer is retted on the surface of the furrow before the dwarf banana is cultivated and planted, so that the content of organic matters and other nutrient elements in soil can be improved, and the healthy growth of dwarf banana plants is promoted; soaking the roots of the nontoxic dwarf banana tissue culture seedlings in a potassium permanganate solution for sterilizing, improving the survival rate of field planting and avoiding bringing in germs during field planting; in order to prevent diseases and pests such as root-knot nematode, the pesticide and the bactericide are uniformly mixed with soil and then buried in planting holes, during the water and fertilizer management period, kasugamycin or hymexazol missible oil is dripped, and the pesticide, the bactericide and the silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer are comprehensively used, so that the pH value of banana garden soil can be effectively improved, and the increment of blight germs can be reduced, thereby achieving the cultivation mode of continuous multi-planting of canna, greatly promoting the synergism of the canna industry, playing a positive role in optimizing the banana industry, having good popularization and practical values, and generating good economic benefits after wide popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the cultivation method for preventing blight of banana plants by applying silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer additionally.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, innovative features, objectives and functions realized by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below.
The examples described herein are specific embodiments of the present invention, are intended to be illustrative and exemplary in nature, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. In addition to the embodiments described herein, those skilled in the art will be able to employ other technical solutions which are obvious based on the disclosure of the claims and the specification of the present application, and these technical solutions include technical solutions which make any obvious replacement or modification for the embodiments described herein.
A cultivation method for preventing blight of banana plants by adding silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following steps as shown in figure 1:
(1) establishing a banana garden: selecting land blocks with gradient less than 30 degrees in the banana garden, deeply turning over the land blocks by 80-120cm in the whole garden, insolating for 5-10d, raising ridges for planting, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 3.5-4.0m, a longitudinal ditch with depth more than 80cm and width more than 60cm is dug between the ridges, and ditching along the direction of low terrain along the slope surface and slowly flat land in a sloping field; no furrowing is carried out on the sloping field in the direction vertical to the longitudinal furrows, and transverse furrows are slowly and flatly arranged in the direction vertical to the longitudinal furrows at intervals of 40-50 m; the planting distance of the banana seedlings after field planting is 2.0-2.5 multiplied by 2.5m, and the planting density is 100-;
(2) water and fertilizer management before field planting: 150 kg/mu of plant ash and 300 kg/mu of retted silkworm excrement biological organic fertilizer are spread on the surface of the ridge, 360 kg/mu of retted silkworm excrement biological organic fertilizer is spread on the surface of the ridge, planting holes with the diameter of 40-60cm and the depth of 40-50cm are dug on the surface of the ridge, two rows of planting holes are dug in each ridge, the pesticide and the bactericide are uniformly mixed with soil and then buried in the planting holes, 0.15-0.20kg of high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer and 0.50-0.75kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are mixed and then buried and spread on two sides of each planting hole respectively in two parts; the pesticide is selected from fosthiazate granules or phoxim or abamectin, the bactericide is selected from hymexazol, 10g of 10% fosthiazate granules, 5g of 15% hymexazol powder and 4g of 1.8% abamectin wettable powder are applied to each planting hole, the total nitrogen content of the silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer is 1.84%, the phosphorus content is 0.99%, the potassium content is 0.68%, and the organic matter content is more than 40%;
(3) planting banana seedlings: selecting nontoxic banana tissue culture seedlings with 8-12 leaf ages in 3-5 months or 11-12 months per year, soaking in 0.05-0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10-30S, and planting; spraying 4.0-5.0kg of a 1000-fold liquid of 4% kasugamycin per plant after field planting, and ensuring that the water content of soil is more than 80% until the plant recovers normal growth, wherein after the fixed value is finished in 11-12 months, a mulching film and a solar film are covered, and the mulching film and the solar film are removed after the beginning of spring of the next year;
(4) and (3) water and fertilizer management from the initial fruit stage after field planting and growth recovery: during the period from the planting recovery growth to the initial fruit stage, adopting a drip irrigation mode to avoid rainy days, and applying 2.0-4.0 kg/plant of a trace element water-soluble fertilizer solution with the concentration of 1-5 per thousand per plant every 7-10 days until the soil around the banana plants with the radius of 20-30cm is wet; 2.5-3.0kg of retted silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer and 0.15-0.20kg of high-potassium slow-release compound fertilizer are applied to each plant in the bud drawing period; 0.15-0.20kg of high-potassium slow-release compound fertilizer is broadcast per plant in the initial fruit period; the growth is recovered to 2-3 months before the harvest, 4% of kasugamycin 1000-fold liquid or 20% of hymexazol emulsifiable concentrate 1000-fold liquid is dripped once every 1-2 months, or the two are alternately used at 4.0-5.0 kg/strain; the total nitrogen content of the silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer is 1.84%, the phosphorus content is 0.99%, the potassium content is 0.68%, the organic matter content is more than 40%, and the microelement water-soluble fertilizer solution is a selenium-rich German molar water-soluble fertilizer or an easy application;
(5) leaving a gemmulation: starting to leave a first-generation bud 5-10 days before bud drawing, removing a mother plant in time after fruit harvesting, burying and applying 0.5 kg/plant of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.15-0.20 kg/plant of high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer after the mother plant finishes harvesting for 1-2 months, and then adopting a water and fertilizer management mode which is the same as that from the field planting and growth recovery of a first-generation banana seedling to the initial fruit stage, wherein the high-potassium slow-release compound fertilizer and the high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer are Entach slow-release compound fertilizers;
(6) removing buds and weeding: removing buds in a mode of not moving soil in the whole garden, cutting overground parts of the removed buds on a flat ground surface before the banana buds grow to be 1.0m high, placing the buds between two banana plants, or filling kerosene for bud killing from the bud center leaves downwards before the banana buds grow to be 0.5m high, filling 10-50ml of kerosene into each bud, not spraying herbicide in the whole garden, and manually weeding the whole garden after planting until the banana seedlings are sealed; the furrow surface does not need to be weeded after the banana seedlings are covered, the weeds in the furrow are manually mowed in a mode of cutting off the position 1-5cm away from the ground, and the bud removing and weeding are carried out throughout the whole cultivation process of the banana powder.
The following provides specific cultivation methods for two examples of the present invention and comparative examples:
example 1
In 3 months in 2017, 10 mu of plantain is planted in a test base in a certain area of Nanning City of Zhuang autonomous region of Guangxi province.
The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1. deeply turning the whole garden by 80-100cm, insolating for 7d, ridging and planting along the direction of low terrain, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 3.5-4.0m, longitudinal ditches with the width of 70cm and the depth of 100cm are arranged between ridges, transverse ditches are arranged at intervals of 40m in the direction vertical to the ridge surface, and water drainage and waterlogging prevention are carried out in time in rainy seasons. The plants are planted in a single-furrow double-row mode, the row spacing of the plants is 2.0 multiplied by 2.5m, and the planting density is 120 plants/mu.
2. 1-5 days before planting, spreading 150 kg/mu of plant ash and 300 kg/mu of retted silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer (total nitrogen: 1.84% of phosphorus: 0.99% of potassium: 0.68% of organic matter content: 35.4%) on the surface of a furrow, digging planting holes with the diameter of 40-60cm and the depth of 40-50cm, applying 10% of fosthiazate granules and 5g of 15% hymexazol powder in each hole, and mixing with soil and then burying in the planting holes; 0.20kg of high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer (Enteck, 22-7-11) and 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are uniformly applied to each hole, and the high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are buried and applied to two sides of the planting hole in two parts.
3. And (3) field planting in 3 months, selecting nontoxic banana tissue culture seedlings with 8-12 leaf ages, soaking in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10-30S, and planting. And (3) spraying 4.0-5.0 kg/plant of 1000-time diluted 4% kasugamycin solution 4.0-5.0kg after planting, and ensuring that the soil has sufficient water (the water content of the soil is more than 80%) until the plant recovers normal growth.
4. And (3) performing water and fertilizer management from the planting and the restoration to the initial fruit stage by adopting a drip irrigation mode, avoiding rainy days, and applying 2.0-4.0 kg/plant (till the soil around the plant with the radius of 20-30 cm) of trace element water-soluble fertilizer (which can be rich) solution with the concentration of 1-5 per thousand per drop every 7-10 days. 2.0kg of retted silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer (total nitrogen: 1.84% of phosphorus: 0.99% of potassium: 0.68% of organic matter content: 35.4%) and 0.15kg of high-potassium slow-release compound fertilizer (Entak, 12-11-18) are applied in the bud drawing period; 0.15kg of high-potassium slow-release compound fertilizer (Enteck, 12-11-18) is broadcast per plant in the initial fruit period. And 4.0-5.0kg of diluted 4% kasugamycin 1000-fold solution is dripped once every 1-2 months until the growth is recovered to 2-3 months before harvest.
5. A bud is left 5-10 days before bud extraction. After the fruits are harvested, the mother plant is removed in time, and after the mother plant is harvested for 1-2 months, 0.5kg of phosphate fertilizer and 0.15-0.20kg of high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer (Entace, 22-7-11) are buried in the two buds. And then adopting a water and fertilizer management mode which is the same as that from the planting and the restoration of the growth of the first dwarf banana seedling to the initial fruit period.
6. And (3) bud removal: the bud is removed in a mode of not moving soil in the whole garden. Before the banana buds grow to 1.0m, the overground parts of the buds are cut off on the flat ground and placed between two plants.
7. Weeding: herbicide is not sprayed in the whole garden, and after planting, the whole garden is manually pulled out before the banana seedlings are sealed; the furrow surface does not need to be weeded after the banana seedlings are covered, and the weeds in the furrow are manually mowed in a mode of cutting off the part 1-5cm away from the ground.
8. And (4) controlling other pests and diseases in the banana garden, harvesting fruits and the like according to a conventional management mode.
Example 2
In 2016, 12 months, 5 acres of plantain were planted in a test base in a certain area of Nanning City of the Zhuang autonomous region of Guangxi province.
The specific cultivation method comprises the following steps:
1. deeply turning the whole garden by 80-100cm, insolating for 7d, ridging and planting along the direction of low terrain, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 3.5-4.0m, longitudinal ditches with the width of 80cm and the depth of 100cm are arranged between ridges, transverse ditches are arranged at intervals of 40m in the direction vertical to the ridge surface, and water drainage and waterlogging prevention are carried out in time in rainy seasons. The plants are planted in a single-furrow double-row mode, the row spacing of the plants is 2.0 multiplied by 2.5m, and the planting density is 120 plants/mu.
2. 1-5 days before planting, spreading 150 kg/mu of plant ash and 300 kg/mu of silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer (purchased from Guizhou Cheng agriculture development Limited company in river basin, the organic matter content is more than 40%) on the ridge surface, and digging planting holes with the diameter of 40-60cm and the depth of 40-50 cm. Applying 10g of fosthiazate granules with the concentration of 10 percent and 5g of hymexazol powder with the concentration of 15 percent in each hole, and burying the mixture in planting holes after soil mixing; 0.20kg of high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer (Enteck, 22-7-11) and 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are applied to each hole, and the high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are buried and applied to two sides of the planting hole in two parts.
3. Planting in 12 months, selecting nontoxic banana tissue culture seedlings with 8-12 leaf age, soaking in 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10-30S, and planting. 4.0-5.0kg of 4% kasugamycin 1000 times liquid is applied in a drenching mode after planting, the soil moisture is ensured to be sufficient (the soil moisture content is more than 80%), a mulching film and a top film are covered after planting, and the mulching film and the top film are removed after beginning spring in the next year.
4. And (3) water and fertilizer management from the initial fruit stage after field planting and growth recovery: adopting a drip irrigation mode, avoiding rainy days, and applying 2.0-4.0 kg/plant (till the soil around the plant with the radius of 20-30cm is wet) of a trace element water-soluble fertilizer (which can be rich) solution with the concentration of 1-5 per thousand per drop every 7-10 days. 2.0kg of silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer and 0.15kg of high-potassium slow-release compound fertilizer (Enteck, 12-11-18) are applied to each plant in the bud drawing period; 0.15kg of high-potassium slow-release compound fertilizer (Enteck, 12-11-18) is broadcast per plant in the initial fruit period. Restoring growth to 2-3 months before harvest, and dripping 1000 times of 20% hymexazol emulsifiable solution 4.0-5.0 kg/strain every 1-2 months
5. A bud is left 5-10 days before bud extraction. After the fruit is harvested, the mother plant is removed in time, and 0.5 kg/plant of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.15-0.20 kg/plant of high nitrogen type slow release compound fertilizer (Entace, 22-7-11) are buried in the two remaining gemmules after the mother plant is harvested for 1-2 months. And then adopting a water and fertilizer management mode which is the same as that from the planting and the restoration of the growth of the first dwarf banana seedling to the initial fruit period.
6. And (3) bud removal: the bud is removed in a mode of not moving soil in the whole garden. Cutting off the overground part of the buds on the flat ground before the banana buds grow to 1.0m, and placing the buds between two plants; or before the bud grows to 0.5m high, filling kerosene from bud center leaf to kill bud, wherein each bud is filled with 10-50ml of kerosene, and the two methods are alternately used.
7. Weeding: herbicide is not sprayed in the whole garden, and before the banana seedlings are closed, artificial weed pulling is carried out in the whole garden; the furrow surface does not need to be weeded after the banana seedlings are covered, and the weeds in the furrow are manually mowed in a mode of cutting off the part 1-5cm away from the ground.
8. And (4) controlling other pests and diseases in the banana garden, harvesting fruits and the like according to a conventional management mode.
Comparative example
In 2017, in 3 months, 5 mu of plantain is planted in a test base in Nanning City of Zhuang autonomous region in Guangxi province.
1. The whole garden is deeply ploughed but not exposed to the sun, the ridge is planted along the direction with low terrain, the width of the ridge surface is 3.5-4.0m, longitudinal ditches with the width of 80cm and the depth of 100cm are arranged between ridges, transverse ditches are arranged at intervals of 40m in the direction vertical to the ridge surface, and the water is drained in time in rainy season to prevent waterlogging. The plants are planted in a single-furrow double-row mode, the row spacing of the plants is 2.0 multiplied by 2.5m, and the planting density is 120 plants/mu.
2. 1-5 days before planting, digging planting holes with the diameter of 40-60cm and the depth of 40-50cm, applying 10g of fosthiazate granules with the weight of 10% to each hole, and burying the mixture in the planting holes after soil mixing; 4.0kg of organic fertilizer (dry pigeon manure), 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.25kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are divided into 2 parts and buried and applied at the positions 20-30cm away from the two sides of the planting hole.
3. And (3) field planting in 3 months, selecting nontoxic dwarf banana tissue culture seedlings with 8-12 leaf ages, and directly planting the dwarf banana seedlings without soaking in a potassium permanganate solution. Ensuring the soil to have sufficient water after planting (the water content of the soil is more than 80 percent).
4. After field planting, topdressing is carried out once every 3-4 months, and topdressing is carried out twice, wherein 0.2 kg/plant of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) is broadcast and applied each time; 0.25kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) and 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer are respectively applied to the plants in the bud drawing period and the initial fruit period.
5. A bud is left 5-10 days before bud extraction. After fruits are harvested, mother plants are removed in time, and 2.5kg of organic fertilizer (dry pigeon manure), 0.5kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.15-0.20kg of compound fertilizer (15-15-15) are buried and applied before the fruits enter the winter. And then adopting a water and fertilizer management mode which is the same as that from the planting and the restoration of the growth of the first dwarf banana seedling to the initial fruit period.
6. And (3) bud removal: before the banana buds grow to 1.0m, the banana buds are dug out from the connecting part of the corms of the mother plants and placed between the two plants.
7. Weeding: the whole garden is sprayed with glufosinate-ammonium or glyphosate for weeding, and the glufosinate-ammonium or glyphosate is not sprayed on banana seedlings, so that phytotoxicity is avoided.
8. And (3) controlling the plant diseases and insect pests of the banana garden, harvesting fruits and the like according to a conventional management mode.
TABLE 1 cultivation method of Musa sapiensis according to the examples and comparative examples of the present invention
Note: yield, number of green leaves at the time of harvesting and surrounding at the time of harvesting are the average values of 20 canna which are randomly extracted and normally grow.
As can be seen from Table 1, in the comparative example, some of the plantain plants showed blight symptoms in the vegetative growth period, and the disease was concentrated and serious in the bud-drawing period.
Table 2 soil conditions of the cultivation methods of examples of the present invention and comparative examples
Note: the soil sampling time is the fruiting period, and three soil samples are taken simultaneously.
As can be seen from table 2, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, organic matters, and the like in the examples 1 and 2 of the present invention are significantly greater than those in the comparative example to which no organic fertilizer for silkworm excrement is applied.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (3)
1. A dwarf-resistant cultivation method for banana plants by additionally applying silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) establishing a banana garden: selecting land blocks with gradient less than 30 degrees in the banana garden, deeply turning over the land blocks by 80-120cm in the whole garden, insolating for 5-10d, raising ridges for planting, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 3.5-4.0m, a longitudinal ditch with depth more than 80cm and width more than 60cm is dug between the ridges, and ditching along the direction of low terrain along the slope surface and slowly flat land in a sloping field; no furrowing is carried out on the sloping field in the direction vertical to the longitudinal furrows, and transverse furrows are slowly and flatly arranged in the direction vertical to the longitudinal furrows at intervals of 40-50 m;
(2) water and fertilizer management before field planting: spraying 150 kg/mu of plant ash and 300 retting mature silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer on the ridge surface
Digging planting holes with the diameter of 40-60cm and the depth of 40-50cm on the surface of each ridge at 360 kg/mu, digging two rows of planting holes on each ridge, uniformly stirring pesticides and bactericides, burying the mixture in the planting holes, mixing 0.15-0.20kg of high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer and 0.50-0.75kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, and burying and applying the mixture on two sides of each planting hole in two parts; the pesticide is fosthiazate granules or phoxim or abamectin, the bactericide is hymexazol, 10g of the fosthiazate granules with the concentration of 10 percent, 5g of hymexazol powder with the concentration of 15 percent and 4g of abamectin wettable powder with the concentration of 1.8 percent are applied to each planting hole;
(3) planting banana seedlings: selecting nontoxic banana tissue culture seedlings with 8-12 leaf ages in 3-5 months or 11-12 months per year, soaking in 0.05-0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 10-30S, and planting; spraying a 1000-fold solution of 4% kasugamycin in 4.0-5.0kg per plant after field planting, and ensuring that the water content of soil is more than 80% until the plant recovers normal growth, wherein after the fixed value is finished in 11-12 months, a mulching film and a solar film are covered, and the mulching film and the solar film are removed after the beginning of spring of the next year; the planting distance of the banana seedlings after field planting is 2.0-2.5 multiplied by 2.5m, and the planting density is 100-;
(4) and (3) water and fertilizer management from the initial fruit stage after field planting and growth recovery: during the period from the planting recovery growth to the initial fruit stage, adopting a drip irrigation mode to avoid rainy days, and applying 2.0-4.0 kg/plant of a trace element water-soluble fertilizer solution with the concentration of 1-5 per thousand per plant every 7-10 days until the soil around the banana plants with the radius of 20-30cm is wet; 2.5-3.0kg of retted silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer and 0.15-0.20kg of high-potassium slow-release compound fertilizer are applied to each plant in the bud drawing period; 0.15-0.20kg of high-potassium slow-release compound fertilizer is broadcast per plant in the initial fruit period; the growth is recovered to 2-3 months before harvesting, 4% of kasugamycin 1000-fold liquid or 20% of hymexazol emulsifiable solution 1000-fold liquid is dripped once every 1-2 months, or 4.0-5.0kg of the hymexazol emulsifiable solution is applied per plant, or the two are alternately used, the total nitrogen content of the silkworm excrement bio-organic fertilizer is 1.84%, the phosphorus content is 0.99%, the potassium content is 0.68%, and the organic matter content is more than 40%;
(5) leaving a gemmulation: starting to leave a first-generation bud 5-10 days before bud drawing, removing the mother plant in time after fruit harvesting, burying and applying 0.5 kg/plant of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.15-0.20 kg/plant of high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer after the mother plant finishes 1-2 months, and then adopting a water and fertilizer management mode which is the same as that from the first-generation banana seedling after field planting and growth recovery to the initial fruit period;
(6) removing buds and weeding: removing buds in a mode of not moving soil in the whole garden, cutting overground parts of the removed buds on a flat ground surface before the banana buds grow to be 1.0m high, placing the buds between two banana plants, or filling kerosene for bud killing from the bud center leaves downwards before the banana buds grow to be 0.5m high, filling 10-50ml of kerosene into each bud, not spraying herbicide in the whole garden, and manually weeding the whole garden after planting until the banana seedlings are sealed; the furrow surface does not need to be weeded after the banana seedlings are covered, and the weeds in the furrow are manually mowed in a mode of cutting off the part 1-5cm away from the ground.
2. The method for cultivating plantain with silkworm excrement added with bio-organic fertilizer to resist blight as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (6), the water-soluble fertilizer solution of the trace elements is a Saccharum-rich German molar water-soluble fertilizer or an easy application.
3. The method for cultivating plantain with silkworm excrement added with bio-organic fertilizer to resist blight as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the high-potassium slow-release compound fertilizer and the high-nitrogen slow-release compound fertilizer are both Enteck slow-release compound fertilizers.
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