CN111819360B - 用于车辆的传感器组合件 - Google Patents

用于车辆的传感器组合件 Download PDF

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CN111819360B
CN111819360B CN201980017075.1A CN201980017075A CN111819360B CN 111819360 B CN111819360 B CN 111819360B CN 201980017075 A CN201980017075 A CN 201980017075A CN 111819360 B CN111819360 B CN 111819360B
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CN111819360A (zh
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D·拉特纳
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Aurora Operations Inc
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Uatc Co ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
    • G01S7/4813Housing arrangements
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/08Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01SRADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/42Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05DSYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D1/00Control of position, course, altitude or attitude of land, water, air or space vehicles, e.g. using automatic pilots
    • G05D1/02Control of position or course in two dimensions
    • G05D1/021Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles
    • G05D1/0231Control of position or course in two dimensions specially adapted to land vehicles using optical position detecting means

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

一种传感器组合件包含:第一主体,其使传感器组件围绕轴线旋转;以及第二主体,其耦合到所述第一主体以形成分离间隙。所述分离间隙径向向内从间隙入口延伸到所述第二主体的密封阻隔件。所述分离间隙可配置有一组空气导引结构特征,以在来自通过所述间隙入口接收到的进气的空气向内朝向所述密封阻隔件移动时从所述进气引发涡流的形成。

Description

用于车辆的传感器组合件
相关申请
本申请要求2018年1月31日提交的第15/885,308号美国专利申请案的权益;且上述申请案以全文引用的方式并入本文中。
技术领域
本文所描述的实例涉及与车辆一起使用的传感器组合件。
背景技术
外部传感器组合件可与自主车辆一起使用,以便感测周围以及附近区域。一些类型的传感器组合件使信号发射器旋转以感测跨宽广感测角度的区域。举例来说,光检测和测距传感器(通常称为“LiDAR”)通常使用旋转头来跨车辆前方和周围的区域覆盖信号发射。
发明内容
本公开的实施例的各个方面和优势将在以下描述中被部分地阐明,或可从以下描述中习知,或可从各个实施例的实践中习知。
在一个方面,提供了一种传感器组合件。该传感器组合件包括用于保持传感器组件的第一主体。该第一主体可围绕轴线旋转。该传感器组合件包括第二主体,该第二主体耦合到第一主体以形成分离间隙,该分离间隙从间隙入口径向向内延伸到第二主体的密封阻隔件点。该传感器组合件还包括一组空气导引结构特征。该组空气导引结构特征被提供于所述分离间隙内以在来自通过所述间隙入口接收到的进气的空气向内朝向所述密封阻隔件移动时从所述进气引发涡流的形成。
参考如下的描述,各个实施例的这些和其他的特征、方面和优势将变得更易被理解。并入在本说明书中作为其一部分的附图示出了本公开的各实施例并且与描述一起阐明相关的原理。
附图说明
图1是结合自主车辆在外部使用的实例传感器组合件的侧视图。
图2A是根据一或多个实例的沿图1的线A-A的传感器的横截面图。
图2B是根据一或多个实例的图2A的传感器组合件的截面B-B的近距图。
图2C是根据一或多个实例的沿图1的线C-C的传感器组合件的横截面图。
具体实施方式
根据实例,一种传感器组合件包含:第一主体,其使传感器组件围绕轴线旋转;以及第二主体,其耦合到所述第一主体以形成分离间隙。所述分离间隙径向向内从间隙入口延伸到所述第二主体的密封阻隔件。所述分离间隙可配置有一组空气导引结构特征,以在来自通过所述间隙入口接收到的进气的空气向内朝向所述密封阻隔件移动时从所述进气引发涡流的形成。
关于所描述的一些实例,由空气导引结构引发的涡流可包含例如气流在由传感器组合件的主体形成的通道内的涡旋。因此,气流可循环,其中气流的动量被定向地改变,从而抵抗气流在其被接收于分离间隙的通道中时的初始动量。
在一些实例中,所述传感器组合件包含一组空气导引结构特征,其形成避开所述传感器组合件的至少一部分的一或多个通道。所述一或多个通道包含经对准以与来自间隙入口的传入气流相交的至少一进入通道。
作为附加或变化,多个通道可避开所述传感器组合件的一部分,其中所述通道彼此径向偏移。所述通道可组合以从通过间隙入口接收到的气流引发涡流。当传感器组合件在操作中时,涡流可用于在空气径向向内朝向内部密封阻隔件行进时减小气流的动量和能量。
下文在用于自主车辆的外部传感器单元的上下文中描述系统、设备和方法。然而,应了解,实施例不限于此类上下文。例如,实例实施例包含用于车辆的部分或完全内部传感器。
图1是结合车辆在外部使用的实例传感器组合件的侧视图。具体地说,传感器组合件100包含展示为头结构110的第一主体和展示为基座结构120的第二主体。在操作时,头结构110围绕旋转轴线(展示为轴线Z)在基座结构120上转动。基座结构120包含安装到车辆的外部表面(例如,车顶)的底部段124。在实例中,传感器组合件100可实施为用于操作车辆的自主控制系统的部分。
头结构110可容纳传感器组件,例如信号发射器(例如,光发射器,作为LiDAR组合件的部分)。为了扩展传感器组件的视野,头结构110可在支撑于基座结构120的顶部部分222(参看图2A)上时围绕旋转轴线Z旋转。在一些实例中,头结构110可以若干转/分钟或更多(例如,100到1000RPM)进行旋转。另外,在其它变化形式中,传感器组合件100可包含独立于彼此而旋转的多个旋转主体。
分离间隙115可限定可旋转头结构110与固定基座结构120之间的交接部。分离间隙115可从传感器组合件100的外部径向向内朝向密封阻隔件118延伸。密封阻隔件118可用于阻止湿气和碎屑影响可能存在于基座结构120内的内部组件。
实例认识到,在部署的环境中,由于来自环境的进气,头结构110与基座结构120之间的分离间隙115是湿气和/或碎屑积聚的来源。举例来说,在一个实施方案中,传感器组合件100可在以相对高的速度(例如,40到60MPH)移动的车辆的顶部或外部且有时在刮风或下雨的条件下操作。此外,实例认识到,传感器组合件100可在其下操作的操作参数可能促进空气流入和湿气积聚。举例来说,头结构110可在高转速(例如,100到1000RPM)下操作,这可导致例如湿气和水与气流分离且迫使水和碎屑向内朝向密封阻隔件118移动。实例认识到,因传感器组合件100的操作和环境条件所致的湿气和碎屑随着时间推移的积聚可给密封阻隔件118带来负担且加重密封阻隔件118随着时间推移的劣化。
如图1所展示,传感器组合件100可将头结构110和/或基座结构120配置为包含沿分离间隙115的表面铺开的结构特征,其中所述结构特征经定形和定位以从间隙入口125处的进气引发涡流。通过从进气形成涡流121,分离间隙115能够减小进气的动量,从而使在分离间隙115内径向向内行进的空气、湿气和/或碎屑丢失动量和能量。因此,更少的来自进气的空气到达分离间隙115的内部,从而使更少的湿气和/或碎屑积聚在密封阻隔件118上。
图2A是根据一或多个实例的图1的沿线A-A的横截面图。在图2A的实例中,头结构110包含传感器组件,例如信号发射器210。头结构110可将信号发射器210保持以及定位在沿着由Z轴限定的弧形的许多位置处。在一些实例中,信号发射器210可每分钟自旋或转动若干次,或者更快(例如,每分钟100到1000次)。举例来说,传感器组合件100可对应于LiDAR传感器,且信号发射器210可对应于光发射器。信号发射器210可安放在头结构110内,使得信号发射器210可在头结构110转动、自旋或以其它方式相对于Z轴旋转的同时枢转(例如,相对于X和Y轴)。
信号发射器210的操作可与例如自主车辆的操作相结合。在此类上下文中,头结构110可在气流沿着车辆的行进方向(如由X轴所展示)被引导到传感器组合件100的表面上时围绕Z轴旋转。在操作时,信号发射器210可发射信号(例如,光脉冲)且使用传感器来检测信号的反射或返回。检测到的所发射信号的信号返回可经捕捉且用于生成例如(i)指示反射所述信号的表面的深度的范围信息,和/或(ii)车辆附近区域的图像(例如,车辆前方的若干汽车长度)。
在一个实施方案中,头结构110可连接到延伸到底座区段230的轴220。轴220可连接到头结构110以使头结构110在基座结构120保持固定时旋转。轴220或其部分可使用电机(未展示)使头结构110旋转。
基座结构120提供基座,头结构110在所述基座上旋转。在实例中,头结构110包含围绕基座结构120的顶部部分222的周界区段212。顶部部分222可具有比例如基座结构120的中间区段224和底座区段230大的尺寸。头结构210的周界区段212可与基座结构120的顶部部分222形成间隙入口125。以此方式,间隙入口125可向下朝向底座区段230取向。
当头结构110旋转时,周界区段212围绕顶部部分222旋转,其中间隙入口125是在头结构110和基座结构120的交接部处的迂回(例如,椭圆形或圆形)构造。头结构110的周界区段212可相对于基座结构120的顶部部分222设定尺寸,使得间隙入口125经取向以面朝底座区段230。分离间隙115可径向向内从间隙入口125延伸到密封阻隔件118。密封阻隔件118可阻止通过分离间隙115进入的湿气和碎屑到达且伤害传感器组合件100的敏感内部组件。举例来说,基座结构120可包含保持敏感电气组件的一或多个内部区段228。
根据一些实例,分离间隙115可具备空气导引结构特征,所述空气导引结构特征限定头结构110与基座结构120之间的间隔。空气导引结构特征用于减小通过间隙入口125接收到的气流的动量和能量。在一些实例中,分离间隙115的空气导引结构特征从通过间隙入口125接收到的气流引发涡流。作为附加或变化,分离间隙115可包含进一步减小传入气流的动量和能量的阻挡件和/或阻隔件。如通过各种实例所描述,气流动量和能量的减小还会减小在密封阻隔件118上或附近积聚的湿气和碎屑的量。因此,给定传感器组合件100随相应自主车辆的操作而经受的环境和操作条件,密封阻隔件118随着时间的推移会受到更好的保护。
在一些实例中,头结构110针对分离间隙115提供上顶234,且基座结构120针对分离间隙115提供下底244。分离间隙115的空气导引结构特征可单一地形成或以其它方式与形成相应上顶234和下底244的头结构110和基座结构120的相应表面集成。举例来说,具有分离间隙115的空气导引结构特征可包含单一地形成或以其它方式与分离间隙115的上顶234和/或下底244集成的壁、台阶、拐角、缝隙和/或凹部。
图2B说明图2A的截面B-B的近距图。如通过图2B的实例展示,间隙入口125可通过周界区段212和顶部部分222的周界形成。在展示的实例中,分离间隙115可包含部分地由上顶234和从上顶234朝向下底244向下延伸的上顶壁264限定的进入通道260。进入通道260可包含延伸到中间通道270中的最外侧出口通路268,所述中间通道部分地由形成中间出口通路278和另一通道280的中间壁274形成。
在一些实例中,分离间隙115的下底244包含在扰乱向内朝向密封阻隔件118引导的气流的同时抬高分离间隙115的一或多个台阶结构282。每一台阶结构282可由基座结构120的形成分离间隙115的下底244的表面单一地形成。
在实例中,进入通道260经定形以从通过间隙入口125接收到的气流引发涡流。进入通道260可经定形以从传入气流的很大一部分引发涡流。进入通道260可通过间隙入口125接收传入气流,使得来自传入气流的空气在所述空气碰到最外侧出口通路268之前在进入通道260内循环。以此方式,从传入气流引发的涡流保持一段时间,之后其空气循环通过最外侧出口通路268。
上顶壁264可将最外侧出口通路268的尺寸设定为进入通道260的高度的一定分率(例如,10-30%)。另外,进入通道260可经取向以使得其与通过间隙入口125接收到的初始气流的方向对准。以此方式,传入气流被扰乱且在进入通道260内循环,之后部分穿过最外侧出口通路268。
以类似方式,中间通道270可利用中间壁274和台阶结构282进一步减弱传入气流的动量和能量。因此,当传入气流的部分向内前进时,额外涡流可在中间通道270中形成,从而进一步减弱气流的动量和能量。
如由图2A和图2B的实例所展示,相继通道260、270可经定位以从传入气流引发和捕捉涡流。其它结构,例如台阶结构282,也可用于抬高和/或扰乱气流。当传感器组合件100经受各种环境条件下的大量使用时,例如由通道260、270和台阶结构282提供的气流结构特征的配置和布置用于减小到达密封阻隔件118的气流的动量和能量。因此,更少的湿气和碎屑积聚在密封阻隔件118处,从而提高密封阻隔件118的寿命以及保护内部区段228内保持的组件。
图2C是沿图1的线C-C的传感器组合件100的横截面图。如结合图2A和图2B的实例所描述,分离间隙115可由空气导引结构特征形成,所述空气导引结构特征组合以形成相对于彼此径向移位的多个通道260、270、280,其中每一通道都避开基座结构120的相应部分。多个通道260、270、280可通过最外侧出口通路268、中间出口通路278及最内侧出口通路288互连,且最内侧出口通路288延伸到密封阻隔件118。当传感器组合件100在操作中时,可通过间隙入口125接收气流。随着车辆的移动和头结构110的旋转运动,气流可从间隙入口125径向向内朝向密封阻隔件118移动,其中相应通道260、270、280从通过间隙入口125接收到的所接收气流引发且保持涡流。当在进入通道260中形成涡流时,传入气流丢失能量和动量,且传入气流的部分穿过最外侧出口通路268,然后空气在中间腔室270中被接收。在实例中,涡流形成于中间通道270中,之后空气的部分穿过中间出口通路278且进入下一通道280,之后额外空气可穿过最内侧出口通路288,然后到达密封阻隔件118。
尽管本文中参考附图详细地描述了实例,但应理解,概念不限于那些精确实例。因此,预期概念的范围由所附权利要求书和其等同物界定。此外,预期个别地或作为实例的部分描述的特定特征可与其它个别地描述的特征或其它实例的部分组合,即使其它特征和实例未提及所述特定特征。因此,未描述组合不应排除享有此类组合的权利。

Claims (16)

1.一种传感器组合件,其包括:
第一主体,其保持传感器组件,所述第一主体可围绕轴线旋转;
第二主体,其耦合到所述第一主体以形成分离间隙,所述分离间隙从间隙入口径向向内延伸到所述第二主体的密封阻隔件点;以及
一组空气导引结构特征,其与所述第一主体或所述第二主体中的至少一者一体地形成,使得所述一组空气导引结构特征被提供于所述分离间隙内以在来自通过所述间隙入口接收到的进气的空气向内朝向所述密封阻隔件移动时从所述进气引发涡流的形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传感器组合件,其中所述一组空气导引结构特征形成一或多个通道,所述一或多个通道包含经对准以与来自所述间隙入口的传入气流相交的至少一进入通道。
3.根据权利要求2所述的传感器组合件,其中所述一组空气导引结构特征形成彼此径向偏移的多个通道。
4.根据权利要求3所述的传感器组合件,其中所述多个通道中的每个通道包含形成用于该通道的出口通路的竖直壁,所述多个通道中的每个通道的出口通路允许来自所述进气的空气径向向内移动。
5.根据权利要求4所述的传感器组合件,其中内部通道相对于外部通道在高度上台阶式上升,使得来自所述进气的空气向上且径向向内移动。
6.根据权利要求1所述的传感器组合件,其中所述第二主体形成基座,所述第一主体在所述基座上转动。
7.根据权利要求1所述的传感器组合件,其中所述分离间隙包含维持涡流的进入通道,所述涡流来自通过所述间隙入口接收到的进气。
8.根据权利要求7所述的传感器组合件,其中所述进入通道包含邻接内部通道的竖直壁结构,且通道出口接合所述进入通道和所述内部通道。
9.根据权利要求7所述的传感器组合件,其中竖直壁结构从所述分离间隙的上顶延伸。
10.根据权利要求1所述的传感器组合件,其中所述分离间隙包含朝向所述密封阻隔件抬高的下底。
11.根据权利要求10所述的传感器组合件,其中所述下底使用一或多个台阶结构抬高。
12.根据权利要求1所述的传感器组合件,其中所述分离间隙包含由所述第一主体形成的上顶以及由所述第二主体形成的下底。
13.根据权利要求12所述的传感器组合件,其中所述一组空气导引结构特征包含从所述上顶延伸以形成第一通道的至少一部分的第一结构,所述第一通道维持来自通过所述间隙入口接收到的进气的涡流。
14.根据权利要求13所述的传感器组合件,其中所述一组空气导引结构特征包含形成于所述分离间隙的所述下底上的一或多个台阶结构。
15.根据权利要求1所述的传感器组合件,其中所述第一主体在保持作为所述传感器组件的信号发射器时以超过100转/分钟的速度旋转。
16.根据权利要求15所述的传感器组合件,其中所述传感器组合件是光检测和测距传感器,且所述信号发射器发射光束。
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CN114355368A (zh) 2022-04-15
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US10914820B2 (en) 2021-02-09
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US11747448B2 (en) 2023-09-05
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