CN111758543A - Mist culture seedling hardening method and device for momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings - Google Patents
Mist culture seedling hardening method and device for momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN111758543A CN111758543A CN202010615236.1A CN202010615236A CN111758543A CN 111758543 A CN111758543 A CN 111758543A CN 202010615236 A CN202010615236 A CN 202010615236A CN 111758543 A CN111758543 A CN 111758543A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Abstract
The invention discloses an aeroponic hardening method for tissue culture seedlings of momordica grosvenori, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparation before transplanting: sterilizing a seedling hardening environment and preparing a nutrient solution with the pH value of 5.8-6.5; every 10L of nutrient solution contains 0.01-0.05mg of brassinolide, 2-6mg of nucleotide, 4-8mg of indolebutyric acid and other nutrient components; 2) placing the disinfected rooting seedlings of the momordica grosvenori on a planting plate; 3) fog cultivation management: after field planting, controlling the temperature, humidity and illumination intensity of the seedling hardening environment according to the regulations, spraying nutrient solution on the rooted seedlings of the momordica grosvenori in a spray form according to the interval time, and hardening the seedlings for a period of time. The brassinolide, the indolebutyric acid and the nucleotide are combined and sprayed in a mist form, so that the growth and development of seedlings can be regulated, the healthy and strong growth, the developed root system and the stout of the grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedlings are promoted, and the transplanting survival rate is favorably improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hardening tissue culture seedlings. More specifically, the invention relates to a mist culture seedling hardening method and a seedling hardening device for momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings.
Background
The tissue culture seedling is acclimatized, and the aims of improving the adaptability of the tissue culture seedling to external environmental conditions, improving the photosynthesis capability of the tissue culture seedling, promoting the robustness of the tissue culture seedling and finally achieving the aim of improving the transplanting survival rate of the tissue culture seedling are fulfilled. The temperature, humidity, illumination and sterile environment factors are generally required to be adjusted for domestication, and the domestication is similar to the environmental conditions during culture within a few days; in the later period of acclimatization, the conditions are similar to the expected cultivation conditions, so that the aim of gradual adaptation is fulfilled. According to different species, the domestication of the tissue culture seedlings generally needs 3-5 weeks. Some species may not need special hardening off, or hardening off and transplanting are synchronized. For example, after the test-tube plantlet of eucalyptus with stronger vitality ratio is directly transplanted, the transplantation can be ensured to survive successfully by shading, preventing diseases, strengthening water spraying and the like. However, tissue culture seedlings of some species (the momordica grosvenori seedlings studied by the invention) need to be hardened to ensure the survival rate of transplantation.
Momordica grosvenori (Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C.Jeffrey ex Lu et Z.Y.Zhang) is a perennial vine of the Cucurbitaceae Momordica genus of the hermaphrodite plant, mainly takes dry fruits as medicines, has sweet taste and cool property, and has the effects of opening voice, relieving sore throat, moistening lung, clearing heat, lubricating intestines, relaxing bowels and the like. The momordica grosvenori is a unique precious medicinal and sweetener plant in China and also a famous medicinal material in Guangxi, and the active ingredient, namely dulcoside V, is one of the strongest non-sugar sweet substances in the world (425 times of the sweetness of cane sugar), is a pure natural sweetener which does not cause decayed teeth, is safe and low in calorie and has multiple functions of resisting cancer, reducing blood sugar, regulating immunity and the like, passes the GRAS certification of the American FDA, and becomes one of plant extracts with the fastest export growth in China.
At present, the seedling breeding of the momordica grosvenori is mainly based on tissue culture, so the transplanting survival of tissue culture seedlings is very important, the tissue culture seedlings are generally transplanted into greenhouse nutrient cups for hardening seedlings, but the water and fertilizer management is difficult to control, the seedlings are easy to burn in the early application process, and the plant growth requirements are difficult to meet in the late application process, so that the root system of the seedlings hardened in the greenhouse grows slowly, and the transplanting is not facilitated. Moreover, the seedlings in the greenhouse cups are affected by natural light, temperature, water and the like, so that the seedlings are difficult to produce all year round and are limited by seasons, and the production efficiency of the tissue culture seedlings is reduced.
Therefore, a method and a device for facilitating seedling hardening of the siraitia grosvenorii tissue culture seedlings are needed to be researched so as to overcome the defect of seedling hardening in the greenhouse nutrition cups.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a mist culture seedling hardening method of momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings, aiming at the problems that the root systems of seedlings hardened in greenhouse nutrition cups in the prior art grow slowly and the transplanting survival rate is influenced.
The invention provides an aeroponics seedling-hardening device, aiming at the problems that hardening seedlings in greenhouse cups are influenced by natural light, temperature, water and the like, are difficult to produce all the year round, are limited by seasons and reduce the production efficiency of tissue culture seedlings.
To achieve these objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method for aeroponically acclimatizing tissue culture seedlings of luo han guo, comprising the steps of:
step one, preparation before transplanting: cleaning an aeroponics box for hardening seedlings and a liquid storage box for storing nutrient solution, thoroughly sterilizing by using an ultraviolet lamp and 1000 times of potassium permanganate to prepare aeroponics nutrient solution, filtering the nutrient solution and storing in the liquid storage box, wherein the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5.8-6.5; every 10L of the nutrient solution contains the following components: ca (NO)3)2.4H2O760-850mg、KNO3520-580mg、NK4H2PO4540-590mg、MgSO4.7H2O 820-860mg、Na2Fe-EDTA 75-98mg、H3BO35.6-7.8mg、CuSO4.5H2O 0.35-0.68mg、MnSO4.4H2O0.26-0.58mg、ZnSO4.7H2O 0.45-0.95mg、(NH4)2MoO40.12-0.36mg, chlormequat 300-600mg, uniconazole 20-50mg, triacontanol 0.5-2mg, methyl jasmonate 5-10mg, brassinolide 0.01-0.05mg, nucleotide 2-6mg and indolebutyric acid 4-8 mg;
step two, field planting of fog culture seedlings: vertically placing the disinfected siraitia grosvenorii rooted seedlings into the cultivation holes of the planting plates, and enabling the bottoms of the seedlings to be exposed out of the planting plates by 2-3cm and 2-3 leaves to be exposed out of the cultivation holes;
step three, fog cultivation management: after field planting, spraying 10-20s every 10-15min from 8 am to 6 pm every day, and spraying 10-20s every 6 pm to 8 am every 20-30min from 1 st to 6 th day of hardening seedlings; spraying for 20-25s every 30-40min from 8 am to 6 pm after seedling exercising day 6, and spraying for 20-25s every 6 pm to 8 am and 40-50 min; the temperature in the daytime is 24-28 ℃, the temperature at night is 15-18 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-80%, the illumination intensity is 2000-; the temperature, humidity and illumination intensity in the later period of seedling hardening tend to be similar to those in the expected cultivation environment day by day.
Preferably, in the second step, the method for sterilizing the rooted seedlings of the momordica grosvenori comprises the step of soaking the rooted seedlings of the momordica grosvenori in 0.2 mass percent carbendazim solution for 5-10 minutes.
Preferably, the reagent for adjusting the pH is a 5% by mass nitric acid solution and a 5% by mass sodium hydroxide solution.
The invention also provides an aeroponics hardening device for the grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedlings, which comprises an aeroponics box for hardening the seedlings, an air pump device for providing spraying power for the aeroponics box, a liquid storage box for providing nutrient solution for the aeroponics box, a filter for filtering the nutrient solution entering the liquid storage box and a temperature and humidity illumination system for controlling the temperature, humidity and illumination in the aeroponics box, wherein the liquid storage box is internally provided with a filter for filtering the nutrient solution entering the liquid storage box;
the temperature and humidity illumination system comprises a shading device, an illumination intensity sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an exhaust fan, a heating air pipe, a plant light supplement lamp and a controller;
the shading device is arranged on the outer wall of the aeroponic box and used for shading the irradiation of natural light to the aeroponic box according to the requirement of the illumination intensity of the aeroponic box;
the plant light supplement lamp is arranged in the aeroponic culture box and used for controlling starting and adjusting the illumination intensity when the shading device cannot meet the illumination intensity requirement of the aeroponic culture box;
the illumination intensity sensor, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are arranged in the aeroponic culture box and used for detecting the illumination intensity, the temperature and the humidity in the aeroponic culture box and used as feedback signals for controlling the actions of the shading device, the plant light supplement lamp, the exhaust fan and the heating air pipe;
the exhaust fan is arranged at the bottom of the aeroponic culture box and used for controlling the opening and closing and the rotating speed of the exhaust fan according to the temperature and humidity requirements of the aeroponic culture box;
the heating air pipe is arranged at the top of the aeroponic culture box and used for controlling the on-off of the heating air pipe according to the temperature requirement of the aeroponic culture box; the heating air pipe consists of a heating fan and a pipeline, and the outlet of the heating fan is communicated with the aeroponic culture box through the pipeline;
the shading device, the illumination intensity sensor, the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the exhaust fan, the plant light supplement lamp and the heating air pipe are respectively and electrically connected with the controller;
the aeroponic culture box is characterized in that the wall of the aeroponic culture box is made of transparent glass, and a plurality of ventilation holes are formed in the side wall of the aeroponic culture box and used for natural ventilation and exhaust fan air draft temperature regulation.
Preferably, the shade is a retractable shade cloth.
Preferably, the aeroponics box comprises a spraying liquid conveying pipe, a branch liquid pipe, a second electromagnetic valve, a spraying head, a back flushing pipe, a first electromagnetic valve, a planting plate, a water discharging pipe and a switch valve; one end of the spraying liquid conveying pipe is communicated with the backwashing water pipe, the other end of the spraying liquid conveying pipe is communicated with a liquid storage tank liquid outlet at the bottom of the liquid storage tank, the backwashing water pipe is provided with a first electromagnetic valve, and the liquid storage tank liquid outlet is provided with a ninth electromagnetic valve; the spraying liquid conveying pipe is communicated with a plurality of branch liquid pipes, the branch liquid pipes are communicated with the spraying head, and a second electromagnetic valve is arranged between the branch liquid pipes and the spraying head;
the air pump device comprises an air pump, a first external pipeline, an air outlet three-way pipe, an air inlet three-way pipe, a third electromagnetic valve, a fourth electromagnetic valve, a fifth electromagnetic valve, a tenth electromagnetic valve and a second external pipeline; the air inlet of the air pump is communicated with one pipe orifice of the air inlet three-way pipe, the other two pipe orifices of the air inlet three-way pipe are respectively provided with a third electromagnetic valve and a fourth electromagnetic valve, the first external pipeline is communicated with the air inlet of the air pump through the fourth electromagnetic valve, and the exhaust pipe of the liquid storage tank is communicated with the air inlet of the air pump through the third electromagnetic valve; the air outlet of the air pump is communicated with one pipe orifice of the air outlet three-way pipe, the other two pipe orifices of the air outlet three-way pipe are respectively provided with a fifth electromagnetic valve and a tenth electromagnetic valve, the second external pipeline is communicated with the air outlet of the air pump through the fifth electromagnetic valve, and the inflation pipe of the liquid storage tank is communicated with the air outlet of the air pump through the tenth electromagnetic valve; one ends of the first and second external pipes are communicated with external air;
the liquid storage tank is a sealed tank body with a detachable upper cover and comprises a filter, a ninth electromagnetic valve, a liquid storage tank outlet, a sixth electromagnetic valve, a nutrient solution inlet pipe, a seventh electromagnetic valve, a first sewage discharge pipe, an eighth electromagnetic valve, a second sewage discharge pipe, an inflation pipe, an air exhaust pipe and a pressure gauge; the filter is a cylinder with a lower opening, a filter liquid inlet is formed in the upper end of the cylinder and is used for being communicated with a nutrient solution liquid inlet pipe, a rotating shaft is arranged on a central shaft of the cylinder, a conical filter screen is arranged in the filter and can be rotatably arranged in the cylinder through the rotating shaft, a filter sewage discharge port is formed between the top of the cylinder and the conical filter screen and is communicated with the first sewage discharge pipe through a seventh electromagnetic valve, the nutrient solution liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the filter through the control of a sixth electromagnetic valve and is communicated with the liquid storage tank through the conical filter screen and the lower opening of the filter; the top of the liquid storage tank is provided with the inflation tube, the exhaust tube and a pressure gauge for detecting the internal pressure of the liquid storage tank, the inflation tube is communicated with the air outlet of the air pump through a tenth electromagnetic valve, and the exhaust tube is communicated with the air inlet of the air pump through a third electromagnetic valve; the liquid outlet and a second drain pipe are arranged at the bottom of the liquid storage tank, the liquid outlet is communicated with the spraying liquid conveying pipe through a ninth electromagnetic valve, and an eighth electromagnetic valve is arranged on the second drain pipe;
the air pump, the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the third electromagnetic valve, the fourth electromagnetic valve, the fifth electromagnetic valve, the sixth electromagnetic valve, the seventh electromagnetic valve, the eighth electromagnetic valve, the ninth electromagnetic valve, the tenth electromagnetic valve and the pressure gauge are electrically connected with the controller.
Preferably, the bottom surface of the conical filter screen is provided with turbine blades, so that the conical filter screen can rotate rapidly in the back washing process, and the filter residue on the conical filter screen can be washed back better.
Preferably, the spraying liquid conveying pipe is arranged at the upper part in the aeroponic culture box, the field planting plate is arranged at the lower part of the aeroponic culture box, one or more upper and lower through holes are formed in the field planting plate, the drain pipe is arranged at the bottom of the aeroponic culture box, and a switch valve is arranged on the drain pipe; the liquid storage tank is internally provided with a low liquid level sensor, a high liquid level sensor, an ultraviolet germicidal lamp and a pH sensor; the pH sensor, the low liquid level sensor, the high liquid level sensor and the ultraviolet germicidal lamp are sequentially arranged on the inner wall of the liquid storage tank from bottom to top;
the pH sensor, the low liquid level sensor, the high liquid level sensor and the ultraviolet germicidal lamp are respectively electrically connected with the controller, and the controller sends out corresponding control signals or alarm signals according to signals of the pH sensor, the low liquid level sensor and the high liquid level sensor.
Preferably, the spraying principle of the aeroponics seedling hardening device for the grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedlings is as follows: the air pump presses air into the liquid storage tank filled with nutrient solution from the inflation tube, so that the pressure of the nutrient solution in the liquid storage tank is increased, the nutrient solution is sprayed out of the spray head through the spray infusion tube to form spray, and the nutrient solution is sprayed to stems, leaves and roots of the tissue culture seedlings;
the operation process of starting spraying is as follows: firstly, a first electromagnetic valve of a back flushing pipe, a third electromagnetic valve of an air exhaust pipe, a fifth electromagnetic valve of a second external pipeline, a sixth electromagnetic valve of a nutrition liquid inlet pipe, a seventh electromagnetic valve of a first sewage discharge pipe and an eighth electromagnetic valve of a second sewage discharge pipe are controlled to be closed, and a second electromagnetic valve of a branch liquid pipe, a ninth electromagnetic valve of a spraying liquid conveying pipe, a tenth electromagnetic valve of an inflation pipe and a fourth electromagnetic valve of the first external pipeline are controlled to be opened; then starting the air pump, closing the air pump when the pressure in the liquid storage tank reaches a first set value, and starting the air pump when the pressure in the liquid storage tank is lower than a second set value, so that the pressure in the liquid storage tank is kept between the first set value and the second set value, and the spraying operation is realized;
the operation process of closing the spray is as follows: controlling the air pump to be closed, and opening a fifth electromagnetic valve and a tenth electromagnetic valve;
the cleaning operation process of the spraying infusion tube and the liquid storage tank comprises the following steps: a first electromagnetic valve for controlling a back flushing pipe, a third electromagnetic valve for an air exhaust pipe, a fifth electromagnetic valve for a second external pipeline and a ninth electromagnetic valve for a liquid storage box liquid outlet are opened, a second electromagnetic valve for a branch liquid pipe, a tenth electromagnetic valve for an inflation pipe, a fourth electromagnetic valve for a first external pipeline, a sixth electromagnetic valve for a nutrition liquid inlet pipe, a seventh electromagnetic valve for a first sewage discharge pipe and an eighth electromagnetic valve for a second sewage discharge pipe are closed, an air pump is started to pump the liquid storage box into negative pressure, so that water in the back flushing pipe flows into the liquid storage box from a spraying liquid transport pipe, when the water level of a high liquid level sensor is reached, the third electromagnetic valve for controlling the air exhaust pipe, the fifth electromagnetic valve for the second external pipeline and the ninth electromagnetic valve for the spraying liquid transport pipe are closed, the fourth electromagnetic valve is opened, the tenth electromagnetic valve for the inflation pipe is opened, the seventh electromagnetic valve for the first sewage discharge pipe and the eighth electromagnetic valve for the second sewage discharge pipe, until the water in the liquid storage tank is completely discharged, a cleaning process is realized; the steps are repeated as required, and the spraying infusion tube and the liquid storage tank are cleaned for multiple times.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. the nutrient solution is sprayed into mist according to the specified time interval, so that the root system of the Momordica grosvenori seedlings is developed, the stems are thick and strong, the leaf color is dark green, the growth vigor can be quickly recovered when the Momordica grosvenori seedlings are transferred to a field for planting, and the transplanting survival rate is improved. In the nutrient solution, the brassinolide and the indolebutyric acid can promote the effective absorption of nucleotide in the root system and the stem and leaf of the momordica grosvenori seedling, so that the brassinolide and the indolebutyric acid are combined with the nucleotide and sprayed in a mist form, the growth and development of the seedling can be regulated, the healthy growth, the developed root system and the stout of the momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedling can be promoted, and the transplanting survival rate can be improved. The aeroponic seedling hardening method is intelligent and convenient, the nutrient solution is environment-friendly, and the aeroponic seedling hardening method is suitable for large-scale production and has strong practicability and popularization value.
2. According to the invention, the shading device, the exhaust fan, the plant light supplement lamp and the heating air pipe are controlled to work by feedback signals of the illumination intensity sensor, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor in the aeroponic culture box and setting parameters for the controller, so that seedling exercising is not influenced by natural light, temperature, water and the like, annual production can be realized, the limitation of seasons is broken, and the production efficiency of tissue culture seedlings is greatly improved.
3. The three-way pipe is arranged on the air inlet and the air outlet of the air pump, and the connected backwashing water pipe and the selection electromagnetic valve are communicated with the interior of the liquid storage tank, so that the pressurized nutrient solution is sprayed, and the backwashing effect is formed by negative pressure, so that the automatic backwashing function in the spraying pipeline and the liquid storage tank is realized, the cleaning and maintenance cost of the spray culture seedling refining device is reduced, and the blockage influence of the spraying pipeline and the pollution risk of the nutrient solution are reduced.
4. The filter is internally provided with the conical filter screen with the large opening facing upwards, so that the filtering area of the filter screen is increased, the filtering effect is improved, and the back washing function is facilitated.
5. The bottom surface of the conical filter screen is provided with the turbine fan blades, so that the conical filter screen can rotate quickly in the back washing process, and the filter residue on the conical filter screen has a better back washing effect.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an implementation form of an aeroponic hardening seedling device for Momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings according to the present invention;
wherein, the aeroponic culture box 100; a backwash pipe 101; a first solenoid valve 102; a spray infusion tube 110; a branch liquid pipe 111; a second solenoid valve 112; a spray head 113; a heating fan 120; a vent hole 130; a drain pipe 140; an on-off valve 141; a planting plate 150; an exhaust fan 160; a plant light supplement lamp 170;
an air pump 200; an air inlet tee 210; a third solenoid valve 211; a fourth solenoid valve 212; a first outer pipe 213; a gas outlet tee 220; a fifth electromagnetic valve 221; a tenth solenoid valve 222; a second outer pipe 230;
a liquid storage tank 300; a filter 310; a rotating shaft 311; a conical filter screen 312; a filter inlet port 313; a sixth solenoid valve 314; a nutrient solution inlet pipe 315; a seventh solenoid valve 316; a first drain pipe 317; a filter drain 318; a filter lower opening 319; a second sewage drain pipe 320; the eighth solenoid valve 321; a liquid outlet 330; a ninth electromagnetic valve 331; a low level sensor 340; a high level sensor 350; an ultraviolet germicidal lamp 360; an inflation tube 370; an exhaust tube 380.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention by referring to the description text.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
< example 1>
The invention discloses an aeroponic hardening seedling method of momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings, which uses an aeroponic hardening seedling device shown in the attached figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation before transplanting: cleaning an aeroponics box for hardening seedlings and a liquid storage box for storing nutrient solution, thoroughly sterilizing by using an ultraviolet lamp and potassium permanganate, preparing aeroponics nutrient solution, filtering the nutrient solution and storing in the liquid storage box, wherein the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5.8-6.5; every 10L of the nutrient solution contains the following components: ca (NO)3)2.4H2O 760mg、KNO3520mg、NK4H2PO4540mg、MgSO4.7H2O 820mg、Na2Fe-EDTA 75-98mg、H3BO35.6mg、CuSO4.5H2O0.35mg、MnSO4.4H2O 0.26mg、ZnSO4.7H2O 0.45mg、(NH4)2MoO40.12mg, chlormequat chloride 300mg, uniconazole 20mg, triacontanol 0.5mg, methyl jasmonate 5mg, brassinolide 0.01mg, nucleotide 2mg and indolebutyric acid 4 mg;
step two, field planting of fog culture seedlings: placing the rooting seedlings of the momordica grosvenori into a carbendazim solution with the mass fraction of 0.2% for soaking for 5 minutes for disinfection, vertically placing the disinfected rooting seedlings of the momordica grosvenori into cultivation holes of a planting plate, and enabling the bottoms of the seedlings to be exposed out of the planting plate by 2-3cm and 2-3 leaves to be exposed out of the cultivation holes;
step three, fog cultivation management: after field planting, spraying 10s every 10min, 6 pm to 8 am every 20min, on the 1 st to 6 th days of hardening off; spraying 20s every 30min from 8 am to 6 pm after the seedling exercising day 6, and spraying 20s every 6 pm to 8 am every 40 min; the temperature in the daytime is 25 ℃, the temperature at night is 16 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-80%, the illumination intensity is 2000 and 2500lux, and the illumination time is 8-12 h/d; the temperature, humidity and illumination intensity in the later period of seedling exercising tend to change day by day and tend to be 18-20 ℃ in the daytime, 15-17 ℃ at night, 50-60% for humidity and 1800 plus 2000lux for illumination intensity of the expected cultivation environment.
< example 2>
The invention discloses an aeroponic hardening seedling method of momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings, which uses an aeroponic hardening seedling device shown in the attached figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step one, preparation before transplanting: cleaning an aeroponics box for hardening seedlings and a liquid storage box for storing nutrient solution, thoroughly sterilizing by using an ultraviolet lamp and potassium permanganate, preparing aeroponics nutrient solution, filtering the nutrient solution and storing in the liquid storage box, wherein the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5.8-6.5; every 10L of the nutrient solution contains the following components: ca (NO)3)2.4H2O 850mg、KNO3580mg、NK4H2PO4590mg、MgSO4.7H2O 860mg、Na2Fe-EDTA 98mg、H3BO37.8mg、
CuSO4.5H2O0.68mg、MnSO4.4H2O 0.58mg、ZnSO4.7H2O 0.95mg、(NH4)2MoO40.36mg, chlormequat chloride 600mg, uniconazole 50mg, triacontanol 2mg, methyl jasmonate 10mg, brassinolide 0.05mg, nucleotide 6mg and indolebutyric acid 8 mg;
step two, field planting of fog culture seedlings: placing the rooting seedlings of the momordica grosvenori into a carbendazim solution with the mass fraction of 0.2% for soaking for 5 minutes for disinfection, vertically placing the disinfected rooting seedlings of the momordica grosvenori into cultivation holes of a planting plate, and enabling the bottoms of the seedlings to be exposed out of the planting plate by 2-3cm and 2-3 leaves to be exposed out of the cultivation holes;
step three, fog cultivation management: after field planting, spraying 10s every 10min, 6 pm to 8 am every 20min, on the 1 st to 6 th days of hardening off; spraying 20s every 30min from 8 am to 6 pm after the seedling exercising day 6, and spraying 20s every 6 pm to 8 am every 40 min; the temperature in the daytime is 25 ℃, the temperature at night is 16 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-80%, the illumination intensity is 2000 and 2500lux, and the illumination time is 8-12 h/d; the temperature, humidity and illumination intensity in the later period of seedling exercising tend to change day by day and tend to be 18-20 ℃ in the daytime, 15-17 ℃ at night, 50-60% for humidity and 1800 plus 2000lux for illumination intensity of the expected cultivation environment.
< comparative example 1>
The invention discloses an aeroponic hardening seedling method of a grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedling, which uses an aeroponic hardening seedling device shown in figure 1, uses a nutrient solution which does not contain brassinolide, nucleotide and indolebutyric acid, and has the same other steps and nutrient solution components as the example 1.
< comparative example 2>
The invention discloses an aeroponic hardening seedling method of momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings, which uses an aeroponic hardening seedling device shown in figure 1, wherein a nutrient solution used in the method does not contain brassinolide and nucleotide, and other steps and components of the nutrient solution are the same as those in example 1.
< comparative example 3>
The invention discloses an aeroponic hardening seedling method of momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings, which uses an aeroponic hardening seedling device shown in figure 1, wherein a nutrient solution used in the method does not contain brassinolide, and other steps and components of the nutrient solution are the same as those in example 1.
< comparative example 4>
The invention discloses a mist culture seedling hardening method of momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings, which is characterized in that a mist culture seedling hardening device shown in figure 1 is used, a nutrient solution used in the method does not contain indolebutyric acid, and other steps and components of the nutrient solution are the same as those in example 1.
< comparative example 5>
A greenhouse nutrient cup seedling hardening method for Momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings is characterized in that conventional greenhouse nutrient cups are used for hardening seedlings, nutrient solution is poured into the cups manually at intervals, the time for pouring the nutrient solution at intervals is the same as the spraying time of example 1, the components of the nutrient solution are the same as those of example 1, and the set temperature, humidity and illumination intensity for hardening seedlings are the same as those of example 1. The greenhouse nutrition cup is characterized in that the substrate of the greenhouse nutrition cup is prepared by mixing soil and phosphate fertilizer in a mass ratio of 100: 1, composting to obtain a mixture, uniformly mixing the mixture and turf in a mass ratio of 1: 1, and then sterilizing.
< control 1>
Taking the Momordica grosvenori rooted seedlings before seedling hardening as the seedlings of the control 1.
< Effect test >
Adopting the seedling hardening method of the embodiment 1-2 and the comparative example 1-5, taking 100 siraitia grosvenorii rooted seedlings, hardening seedlings for 20 days, and randomly taking 90 seedlings after hardening seedlings for transplanting. And a comparison 1 is to take 10 siraitia grosvenorii rooted seedlings of the same batch which are not subjected to seedling hardening and transplant.
The transplanting environments of the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-5 and the comparison 1 are the same, the transplanting substrates are the same, and the post-management is the same. The average plant height, average root number, average root thickness, average stem thickness, average leaf number per plant and survival rate after 30 days of transplantation were counted for the seedlings after acclimatization in examples 1-2 and comparative examples 1-5 and the seedlings in control 1, as shown in table 1.
Table 1:
as can be seen from the data in table 1, the nutrient solution of the present invention is sprayed in a mist form at predetermined time intervals, which facilitates absorption, promotes the roots of the seedlings of siraitia grosvenori to be developed and the roots to be stout, and improves the survival rate of transplantation. The brassinolide and the indolebutyric acid in the nutrient solution can promote the effective absorption of nucleotide in the root system and stem leaves of the momordica grosvenori seedlings, so that the combination of the brassinolide, the indolebutyric acid and the nucleotide can regulate the growth and development of the seedlings, promote the healthy and strong growth, the developed root system and the stout of the momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings, and is favorable for improving the transplanting survival rate.
Fig. 1 shows an implementation form of an aeroponics seedling-hardening device for momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings according to the present invention, which includes an aeroponics tank 100 for hardening seedlings, an air pump 200 device for providing spraying power to the aeroponics tank 100, a liquid storage tank 300 for providing nutrient solution to the aeroponics tank 100, a filter 310 for filtering the nutrient solution entering the liquid storage tank 300 and a temperature and humidity illumination system for controlling the temperature, humidity and illumination in the aeroponics tank 100, wherein the liquid storage tank 300 is provided with a filter;
the temperature and humidity illumination system comprises a shading device, an illumination intensity sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an exhaust fan 160, a heating air pipe, a plant light supplement lamp 170 and a controller;
the shading device is arranged on the outer wall of the aeroponic box 100 and is used for shading the irradiation of natural light to the aeroponic box 100 according to the requirement of the illumination intensity of the aeroponic box 100; the shading device can be a conventional retractable sun cloth;
the plant light supplement lamp 170 is arranged in the aeroponic culture box 100 and used for controlling the starting and adjusting the illumination intensity when the shading device cannot meet the illumination intensity requirement of the aeroponic culture box 100;
the illumination intensity sensor, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are arranged in the aeroponic box 100 and are used for detecting the illumination intensity, the temperature and the humidity in the aeroponic box 100 and used as feedback signals for controlling the actions of the shading device, the exhaust fan 160, the heating air pipe and the plant light supplement lamp 170;
the exhaust fan 160 is arranged at the bottom of the aeroponic box 100 and is used for controlling the opening and closing and the rotating speed of the exhaust fan 160 according to the temperature and humidity requirements of the aeroponic box 100;
the heating air pipe is arranged at the top of the aeroponic box 100 and used for controlling the on-off of the heating air pipe according to the temperature requirement of the aeroponic box 100; the heating air pipe consists of a heating fan 120 and a pipeline, and the outlet of the heating fan 120 is communicated with the aeroponic culture box 100 through the pipeline;
the shading device, the illumination intensity sensor, the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the exhaust fan 160, the plant light supplement lamp 170 and the heating air pipe are respectively and electrically connected with the controller;
wherein, the wall of the aeroponic box 100 is made of transparent glass, and a plurality of ventilation holes 130 are arranged on the side wall of the aeroponic box 100 and used for natural ventilation and air draft of an exhaust fan 160 for temperature regulation.
The seedling hardening principle of the mist culture seedling hardening device for the grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedlings is as follows: the method comprises the following steps of vertically placing disinfected rooting seedlings of the momordica grosvenori into planting plate planting holes of an aeroponic box, setting the temperature and humidity range, the illumination intensity range and the illumination time in the spray box and the time interval and the spraying time of spraying through a controller, and specifically comprises the following steps: the temperature in the daytime is 24-28 ℃, the temperature at night is 15-18 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-80%, the illumination intensity is 2000-; setting the seedling hardening later period according to the predicted temperature, humidity and illumination intensity in the cultivation environment. The time interval and the spraying time of the spraying are specifically as follows: spraying 10-20s every 10-15min, 6 pm to 8 am every 20-30min, on the 1 st to 6 th days of hardening seedlings; after the 6 th day of seedling exercising, spraying for 20-25s every 8 am to 6 pm every 30-40min, spraying for 20-25s every 6 pm to 8 am every 40-50 min. The invention can realize seedling exercising without being influenced by natural light, temperature, water and the like, can carry out production all the year round, breaks through the limitation of seasons and greatly improves the production efficiency of tissue culture seedlings.
In addition to the above embodiments, the aeroponic box 100 includes a spray infusion tube 110, a branch liquid tube 111, a second electromagnetic valve 112, a spray head 113, a backwash water tube 101, a first electromagnetic valve 102, a planting plate 150, a drain tube 140 and a switch valve 141; one end of the spraying liquid conveying pipe 110 is communicated with a backwash water pipe 101, the other end of the spraying liquid conveying pipe is communicated with a liquid outlet 330 at the bottom of the liquid storage box, the backwash water pipe 101 is provided with a first electromagnetic valve 102, and the liquid storage box liquid outlet 330 is provided with a ninth electromagnetic valve 331; the spraying infusion tube 110 is communicated with a plurality of branch liquid tubes 111, the branch liquid tubes 111 are communicated with a spraying head 113, and a second electromagnetic valve 112 is arranged between the branch liquid tubes 111 and the spraying head 113;
the air pump 200 device comprises an air pump 200, a first external pipeline 213, an air outlet three-way pipe 220, an air inlet three-way pipe, a third electromagnetic valve 211, a fourth electromagnetic valve 212, a fifth electromagnetic valve 221, a tenth electromagnetic valve 222 and a second external pipeline 230; an air inlet of the air pump 200 is communicated with one pipe orifice of the air inlet three-way pipe 210, the other two pipe orifices of the air inlet three-way pipe 210 are respectively provided with a third electromagnetic valve 211 and a fourth electromagnetic valve 212, the first external pipeline 213 is communicated with the air inlet of the air pump 200 through the fourth electromagnetic valve 212, and the air suction pipe 380 of the liquid storage tank 300 is communicated with the air inlet of the air pump 200 through the third electromagnetic valve 211; an air outlet of the air pump 200 is communicated with one pipe orifice of the air outlet three-way pipe 220, the other two pipe orifices of the air outlet three-way pipe 220 are respectively provided with a fifth electromagnetic valve 221 and a tenth electromagnetic valve 222, the second external pipeline 230 is communicated with an air outlet of the air pump 200 through the fifth electromagnetic valve 221, and the inflation pipe 370 of the liquid storage tank is communicated with an air outlet of the air pump 200 through the tenth electromagnetic valve 222; one ends of the first and second external pipes 213 and 230 communicate with the outside air;
the liquid storage tank 300 is a sealed tank body with a detachable upper cover, and comprises a filter 310, a ninth electromagnetic valve 331, a liquid storage tank liquid outlet 330, a sixth electromagnetic valve 314, a nutrient solution liquid inlet pipe 315, a seventh electromagnetic valve 316, a first drain pipe 317, an eighth electromagnetic valve 321, a second drain pipe 320, an inflation pipe 370, an air suction pipe 380 and a pressure gauge;
filter 310 is under shed's drum, the upper end of drum is provided with filter inlet 313, be used for with nutrient solution feed liquor pipe 315 intercommunication, the nutrient solution that flows in by nutrient solution feed liquor pipe 315 filters in flowing out the liquid reserve tank 300 by filter under shed 319 through conical filter screen 312, be provided with pivot 311 on the center pin of drum, be provided with conical filter screen 312 in the filter 310, conical filter screen 312 rotatably sets up in the drum through pivot 311, be provided with filter drain 318 between drum top and conical filter screen 312, filter drain 318 communicates with first drain 317 through seventh solenoid valve 316, make conical filter screen 312's big opening up, can increase the filter area of filter screen, improve the filter effect, still be favorable to the back flush effect. The nutrient solution inlet pipe 315 is controlled by a sixth electromagnetic valve 314 to be communicated with the filter 310 and then communicated with the liquid storage tank 300 through a conical filter screen 312 and a lower filter opening 319; the top of the liquid storage tank 300 is provided with the air charging pipe 370, the air suction pipe 380 and a pressure gauge for detecting the internal pressure of the liquid storage tank 300, the air charging pipe 370 is communicated with the air outlet of the air pump 200 through a tenth electromagnetic valve, and the air suction pipe 380 is communicated with the air inlet of the air pump 200 through a third electromagnetic valve 211; the liquid outlet 330 and the second drainage pipe 320 are arranged at the bottom of the liquid storage tank 300, the liquid outlet 330 is communicated with the spray infusion tube 110 through a ninth electromagnetic valve 331, and an eighth electromagnetic valve 321 is arranged on the second drainage pipe 320;
the air pump 200, the first solenoid valve 102, the second solenoid valve 112, the third solenoid valve 211, the fourth solenoid valve 212, the fifth solenoid valve 221, the sixth solenoid valve 314, the seventh solenoid valve 316, the eighth solenoid valve 321, the ninth solenoid valve 331, the tenth solenoid valve 222, and the pressure gauge are electrically connected to the controller.
The spraying principle of the aeroponics seedling-hardening device of the invention is as follows: the air pump 200 presses air into the liquid storage tank 300 filled with nutrient solution from the air inflation pipe 370, so that the pressure of the nutrient solution in the liquid storage tank 300 is increased, the nutrient solution is sprayed out from the spray head 113 through the spray infusion pipe 110 to form spray, and the nutrient solution is sprayed to stems, leaves and roots of the tissue culture seedlings;
the operation process of starting spraying is as follows: firstly, the first electromagnetic valve 102 of the back flushing water pipe 101, the third electromagnetic valve 211 of the air suction pipe 380, the fifth electromagnetic valve 221 of the second external pipeline 230, the sixth electromagnetic valve 314 of the nutrition liquid inlet pipe, the seventh electromagnetic valve 316 of the first sewage discharge pipe 317 and the eighth electromagnetic valve 321 of the second sewage discharge pipe 320 are controlled to be closed, and the second electromagnetic valve 112 of the branch liquid pipe 111, the ninth electromagnetic valve 331 of the spray infusion pipe 110, the tenth electromagnetic valve 222 of the inflation pipe 370 and the fourth electromagnetic valve 212 of the first external pipeline 213 are controlled to be opened; then starting the air pump 200, closing the air pump 200 when the pressure in the liquid storage tank 300 reaches a first set value, and starting the air pump 200 when the pressure in the liquid storage tank 300 is lower than a second set value, so that the pressure in the liquid storage tank 300 is kept between the first set value and the second set value, and the spraying operation is realized;
the operation process of closing the spray is as follows: the air pump 200 is controlled to be closed, and the fifth electromagnetic valve 221 and the tenth electromagnetic valve are controlled to be opened;
cleaning operation process of the spray infusion tube 110 and the liquid storage tank 300: the first solenoid valve 102 controlling the reverse flushing water pipe 101, the third solenoid valve 211 of the air suction pipe 380, the fifth solenoid valve 221 of the second external pipe 230 and the ninth solenoid valve 331 of the liquid storage tank liquid outlet 330 are opened, the second solenoid valve 112 of the branch liquid pipe 111, the tenth solenoid valve 222 of the air charging pipe 370, the fourth solenoid valve 212 of the first external pipe 213, the sixth solenoid valve 314 of the nutrition liquid inlet pipe, the seventh solenoid valve 316 of the first sewage discharge pipe 317 and the eighth solenoid valve 321 of the second sewage discharge pipe 320 are closed, the air pump 200 is started to pump the interior of the liquid storage tank 300 into negative pressure, so that the water in the reverse flushing water pipe 101 flows into the liquid storage tank 300 from the spraying liquid conveying pipe 110, when the water level of the high liquid level sensor 350 is reached, the third solenoid valve 211 controlling the air suction pipe 380, the fifth solenoid valve 221 controlling the second external pipe 230 and the ninth solenoid valve 331 controlling the spraying liquid conveying pipe 110 are closed, the tenth solenoid valve 222 of the air charging pipe 370 is, the seventh electromagnetic valve 316 of the first sewage discharge pipe 317 and the eighth electromagnetic valve 321 of the second sewage discharge pipe 320 are opened in sequence according to the specified time until the water in the liquid storage tank 300 is completely discharged, so that a cleaning process is realized; the above steps are repeated as required to realize the repeated cleaning of the spray infusion tube 110 and the liquid storage tank 300.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the turbine fan blades are arranged on the bottom surface of the conical filter screen 312, so that the conical filter screen 312 can rotate rapidly in the back washing process, and a better back washing effect is achieved on filter residues on the conical filter screen 312.
On the basis of the above embodiment, a door opening for moving in and pulling out the field planting plate is arranged on the side wall of the aeroponic culture box 100, and a door plate is correspondingly arranged on the door opening; the spray infusion tube 110 is arranged at the upper part in the aeroponic culture box 100, one or more upper and lower through holes are formed in the planting plate, the planting plate 150 is arranged at the lower part of the aeroponic culture box 100, the drain pipe 140 is arranged at the bottom of the aeroponic culture box 100, and the drain pipe 140 is provided with a switch valve 141; the liquid storage tank 300 also comprises a low liquid level sensor 340, a high liquid level sensor 350, an ultraviolet germicidal lamp 360 and a pH sensor; the pH sensor, the low liquid level sensor 340, the high liquid level sensor 350 and the ultraviolet germicidal lamp 360 are sequentially arranged on the inner wall of the liquid storage tank 300 from bottom to top;
the pH sensor, the low liquid level sensor 340, the high liquid level sensor 350 and the ultraviolet germicidal lamp 360 are respectively electrically connected with the controller, and the controller sends out corresponding control signals or alarm signals according to signals of the pH sensor, the low liquid level sensor 340 and the high liquid level sensor 350.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in all kinds of fields of adaptation of the invention, and further modifications can be easily implemented by those skilled in the art, so that the invention is not limited to the specific details and the examples shown herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The aeroponic hardening seedling method of the grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, preparation before transplanting: cleaning an aeroponics box for hardening seedlings and a liquid storage box for storing nutrient solution, thoroughly sterilizing by using an ultraviolet lamp and potassium permanganate, preparing aeroponics nutrient solution, filtering the nutrient solution and storing in the liquid storage box, wherein the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5.8-6.5; every 10L of the nutrient solution contains the following components: ca (NO)3)2.4H2O 760-850mg、KNO3520-580mg、NK4H2PO4540-590mg、MgSO4.7H2O 820-860mg、Na2Fe-EDTA 75-98mg、H3BO35.6-7.8mg、CuSO4.5H2O 0.35-0.68mg、MnSO4.4H2O 0.26-0.58mg、ZnSO4.7H2O 0.45-0.95mg、(NH4)2MoO40.12-0.36mg, chlormequat 300-600mg, uniconazole 20-50mg, triacontanol 0.5-2mg, methyl jasmonate 5-10mg, brassinolide 0.01-0.05mg, nucleotide 2-6mg and indolebutyric acid 4-8 mg;
step two, field planting of fog culture seedlings: vertically placing the disinfected siraitia grosvenorii rooted seedlings into the cultivation holes of the planting plates, and enabling the bottoms of the seedlings to be exposed out of the planting plates by 2-3cm and 2-3 leaves to be exposed out of the cultivation holes;
step three, fog cultivation management: after field planting, spraying 10-20s every 10-15min from 8 am to 6 pm every day, and spraying 10-20s every 6 pm to 8 am every 20-30min from 1 st to 6 th day of hardening seedlings; spraying for 20-25s every 30-40min from 8 am to 6 pm after seedling exercising day 6, and spraying for 20-25s every 6 pm to 8 am and 40-50 min; the temperature in the daytime is 24-28 ℃, the temperature at night is 15-18 ℃, the relative humidity is 60-80%, the illumination intensity is 2000-; the temperature, humidity and illumination intensity in the later period of seedling hardening tend to be similar to those in the expected cultivation environment day by day.
2. The mist culture seedling hardening method of momordica grosvenori according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, the method for sterilizing the rooting seedlings of momordica grosvenori comprises soaking the rooting seedlings of momordica grosvenori in 0.2% carbendazim solution for 5-10 minutes.
3. The mist culture seedling method of lo han guo tissue culture seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the pH adjusting agent is a 5% by mass nitric acid solution and a 5% by mass sodium hydroxide solution.
4. The aeroponics seedling-hardening device for the grosvenor momordica tissue culture seedlings is characterized by comprising an aeroponics box for hardening the seedlings, an air pump device for providing spraying power for the aeroponics box, a liquid storage box for providing nutrient solution for spraying the aeroponics box, a filter for filtering the nutrient solution entering the liquid storage box and a temperature and humidity illumination system for controlling the temperature, humidity and illumination in the aeroponics box, wherein the filter is arranged in the liquid storage box;
the temperature and humidity illumination system comprises a shading device, an illumination intensity sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an exhaust fan, a heating air pipe, a plant light supplement lamp and a controller;
the shading device is arranged on the outer wall of the aeroponic box and used for shading the irradiation of natural light to the aeroponic box according to the requirement of the illumination intensity of the aeroponic box;
the plant light supplement lamp is arranged in the aeroponic culture box and used for controlling starting and adjusting the illumination intensity when the shading device cannot meet the illumination intensity requirement of the aeroponic culture box;
the illumination intensity sensor, the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor are arranged in the aeroponic culture box and used for detecting the illumination intensity, the temperature and the humidity in the aeroponic culture box and used as feedback signals for controlling the actions of the shading device, the plant light supplement lamp, the exhaust fan and the heating air pipe;
the exhaust fan is arranged at the bottom of the aeroponic culture box and used for controlling the opening and closing and the rotating speed of the exhaust fan according to the temperature and humidity requirements of the aeroponic culture box;
the heating air pipe is arranged at the top of the aeroponic culture box and used for controlling the on-off of the heating air pipe according to the temperature requirement of the aeroponic culture box; the heating air pipe consists of a heating fan and a pipeline, and the outlet of the heating fan is communicated with the aeroponic culture box through the pipeline;
the shading device, the illumination intensity sensor, the temperature sensor, the humidity sensor, the exhaust fan, the plant light supplement lamp and the heating air pipe are respectively and electrically connected with the controller;
the aeroponic culture box is characterized in that the wall of the aeroponic culture box is made of transparent glass, and a plurality of ventilation holes are formed in the side wall of the aeroponic culture box and used for natural ventilation and exhaust fan air draft temperature regulation.
5. The mist culture seedling device of momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings according to claim 4, wherein the light-shielding device is a retractable sun-shading cloth.
6. The mist culture seedling-hardening device of Momordica grosvenori Swingle according to claim 4 or 5,
the aeroponics box comprises a spray infusion pipe, a branch liquid pipe, a second electromagnetic valve, an atomizing spray head, a back flushing pipe, a first electromagnetic valve, a planting plate, a drain pipe and a switch valve; one end of the spraying liquid conveying pipe is communicated with the backwashing water pipe, the other end of the spraying liquid conveying pipe is communicated with a liquid storage tank liquid outlet at the bottom of the liquid storage tank, the backwashing water pipe is provided with a first electromagnetic valve, and the liquid storage tank liquid outlet is provided with a ninth electromagnetic valve; the spraying liquid conveying pipe is communicated with a plurality of branch liquid pipes, the branch liquid pipes are communicated with the spraying head, and a second electromagnetic valve is arranged between the branch liquid pipes and the spraying head;
the air pump device comprises an air pump, a first external pipeline, an air outlet three-way pipe, an air inlet three-way pipe, a third electromagnetic valve, a fourth electromagnetic valve, a fifth electromagnetic valve, a tenth electromagnetic valve and a second external pipeline; the air inlet of the air pump is communicated with one pipe orifice of the air inlet three-way pipe, the other two pipe orifices of the air inlet three-way pipe are respectively provided with a third electromagnetic valve and a fourth electromagnetic valve, the first external pipeline is communicated with the air inlet of the air pump through the fourth electromagnetic valve, and the exhaust pipe of the liquid storage tank is communicated with the air inlet of the air pump through the third electromagnetic valve; the air outlet of the air pump is communicated with one pipe orifice of the air outlet three-way pipe, the other two pipe orifices of the air outlet three-way pipe are respectively provided with a fifth electromagnetic valve and a tenth electromagnetic valve, the second external pipeline is communicated with the air outlet of the air pump through the fifth electromagnetic valve, and the inflation pipe of the liquid storage tank is communicated with the air outlet of the air pump through the tenth electromagnetic valve; one ends of the first and second external pipes are communicated with external air;
the liquid storage tank is a sealed tank body with a detachable upper cover and comprises a filter, a ninth electromagnetic valve, a liquid storage tank outlet, a sixth electromagnetic valve, a nutrient solution inlet pipe, a seventh electromagnetic valve, a first sewage discharge pipe, an eighth electromagnetic valve, a second sewage discharge pipe, an inflation pipe, an air exhaust pipe and a pressure gauge; the filter is a cylinder with a lower opening, a filter liquid inlet is formed in the upper end of the cylinder and is used for being communicated with a nutrient solution liquid inlet pipe, a rotating shaft is arranged on a central shaft of the cylinder, a conical filter screen with a large opening facing upwards is arranged in the filter, the conical filter screen is rotatably arranged in the cylinder through the rotating shaft, a filter sewage draining port is formed between the top of the cylinder and the conical filter screen and is communicated with the first sewage draining pipe through a seventh electromagnetic valve, the nutrient solution liquid inlet pipe is communicated with the filter through the control of a sixth electromagnetic valve and is communicated with the liquid storage tank through the conical filter screen and the lower opening of the filter; the top of the liquid storage tank is provided with the inflation tube, the exhaust tube and a pressure gauge for detecting the internal pressure of the liquid storage tank, the inflation tube is communicated with the air outlet of the air pump through a tenth electromagnetic valve, and the exhaust tube is communicated with the air inlet of the air pump through a third electromagnetic valve; the liquid outlet and a second drain pipe are arranged at the bottom of the liquid storage tank, the liquid outlet is communicated with the spraying liquid conveying pipe through a ninth electromagnetic valve, and an eighth electromagnetic valve is arranged on the second drain pipe;
the air pump, the first electromagnetic valve, the second electromagnetic valve, the third electromagnetic valve, the fourth electromagnetic valve, the fifth electromagnetic valve, the sixth electromagnetic valve, the seventh electromagnetic valve, the eighth electromagnetic valve, the ninth electromagnetic valve, the tenth electromagnetic valve and the pressure gauge are electrically connected with the controller.
7. The mist culture seedling device of momordica grosvenori group culture seedlings according to claim 6, wherein turbine blades are disposed on the bottom surface of the conical filter screen.
8. The mist culture seedling hardening device for momordica grosvenori tissue culture seedlings according to claim 7, wherein a door opening for moving in and out of the planting plate is formed in a side wall of the mist culture box, and a door plate is correspondingly arranged on the door opening; the spraying liquid conveying pipe is arranged at the upper part in the aeroponic culture box, one or more upper and lower through holes are formed in the planting plate, the planting plate is arranged at the lower part of the aeroponic culture box, the drain pipe is arranged at the bottom of the aeroponic culture box, and a switch valve is arranged on the drain pipe; the liquid storage tank is internally provided with a low liquid level sensor, a high liquid level sensor, an ultraviolet germicidal lamp and a pH sensor; the pH sensor, the low liquid level sensor, the high liquid level sensor and the ultraviolet germicidal lamp are sequentially arranged on the inner wall of the liquid storage tank from bottom to top;
the pH sensor, the low liquid level sensor, the high liquid level sensor and the ultraviolet germicidal lamp are respectively electrically connected with the controller, and the controller sends out corresponding control signals or alarm signals according to signals of the pH sensor, the low liquid level sensor and the high liquid level sensor.
9. The mist culture seedling-hardening device of Momordica grosvenori Swingle of claim 8,
the spraying principle of the device is as follows: the air pump presses air into the liquid storage tank filled with nutrient solution from the inflation tube, so that the pressure of the nutrient solution in the liquid storage tank is increased, the nutrient solution is sprayed out of the spray head through the spray infusion tube to form spray, and the nutrient solution is sprayed to stems, leaves and roots of the tissue culture seedlings;
the operation process of starting spraying is as follows: firstly, a first electromagnetic valve of a back flushing pipe, a third electromagnetic valve of an air exhaust pipe, a fifth electromagnetic valve of a second external pipeline, a sixth electromagnetic valve of a nutrition liquid inlet pipe, a seventh electromagnetic valve of a first sewage discharge pipe and an eighth electromagnetic valve of a second sewage discharge pipe are controlled to be closed, and a second electromagnetic valve of a branch liquid pipe, a ninth electromagnetic valve of a spraying liquid conveying pipe, a tenth electromagnetic valve of an inflation pipe and a fourth electromagnetic valve of the first external pipeline are controlled to be opened; then starting the air pump, closing the air pump when the pressure in the liquid storage tank reaches a first set value, and starting the air pump when the pressure in the liquid storage tank is lower than a second set value, so that the pressure in the liquid storage tank is kept between the first set value and the second set value, and the spraying operation is realized;
the operation process of closing the spray is as follows: controlling the air pump to be closed, and opening a fifth electromagnetic valve and a tenth electromagnetic valve;
the cleaning operation process of the spraying infusion tube and the liquid storage tank comprises the following steps: a first electromagnetic valve for controlling a back flushing pipe, a third electromagnetic valve for an air exhaust pipe, a fifth electromagnetic valve for a second external pipeline and a ninth electromagnetic valve for a liquid storage box liquid outlet are opened, a second electromagnetic valve for a branch liquid pipe, a tenth electromagnetic valve for an inflation pipe, a fourth electromagnetic valve for a first external pipeline, a sixth electromagnetic valve for a nutrition liquid inlet pipe, a seventh electromagnetic valve for a first sewage discharge pipe and an eighth electromagnetic valve for a second sewage discharge pipe are closed, an air pump is started to pump the liquid storage box into negative pressure, so that water in the back flushing pipe flows into the liquid storage box from a spraying liquid transport pipe, when the water level of a high liquid level sensor is reached, the third electromagnetic valve for controlling the air exhaust pipe, the fifth electromagnetic valve for the second external pipeline and the ninth electromagnetic valve for the spraying liquid transport pipe are closed, the fourth electromagnetic valve is opened, the tenth electromagnetic valve for the inflation pipe is opened, the seventh electromagnetic valve for the first sewage discharge pipe and the eighth electromagnetic valve for the second sewage discharge pipe, until the water in the liquid storage tank is completely discharged, a cleaning process is realized; the cleaning operation process is repeated as required, and the spraying infusion tube and the liquid storage tank are cleaned for multiple times.
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