CN111699920A - Astragalus membranaceus residue cultivation material and application thereof in hericium erinaceus cultivation - Google Patents
Astragalus membranaceus residue cultivation material and application thereof in hericium erinaceus cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/40—Cultivation of spawn
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/70—Harvesting
Abstract
The invention discloses an astragalus residue cultivation material and an application thereof in hericium erinaceus cultivation, wherein the cultivation material is prepared by mixing 85% of astragalus residue, 5% of corn flour and 10% of phosphogypsum in percentage by weight; also discloses a specific application method. According to the method, astragalus membranaceus dregs and phosphogypsum which are waste resources in Guizhou province are utilized, the hericium erinaceus which is good in nutrition, strong in flavor and high in biological conversion rate can be rapidly cultivated, a novel carbon source and nitrogen source material which is cheap and good is found, the production cost of the hericium erinaceus is reduced, a new way is provided for reducing environmental pollution and realizing cyclic recycling of a large amount of astragalus membranaceus dregs and phosphogypsum, green, innovative and efficient comprehensive utilization of waste materials is realized, and meanwhile, the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of herb residue recycling, in particular to an astragalus membranaceus herb residue cultivation material and application thereof in hericium erinaceus cultivation.
Background
Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus Bge.) is perennial herb of Leguminosae, and has effects of invigorating qi, tonifying yang, inducing diuresis, relieving swelling, removing toxic substance, and promoting granulation. The effective medicinal components of astragalus root mainly include glycoside, polysaccharide, flavone and several trace elements. The Astragalus polysaccharides can be used as immunopotentiator or regulator to promote antibody formation, and has antiviral, antitumor, antiaging, anti-stress, antioxidant and blood lipid reducing effects. The astragalus polysaccharide is mostly extracted by a water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, the process is simple and easy to operate, but the extraction rate is low. The dregs of a decoction formed after the astragalus is subjected to the water extraction method to prepare the polysaccharide still contain active substances such as the polysaccharide, and the substances are limited by polymers such as cellulose and are not easy to dissolve out, so a large amount of wastes are generated in the extraction process of the medicinal active ingredients. The production of astragalus granules in the Guizhou pharmaceutical industry can generate a large amount of astragalus dregs, which are not effectively utilized. The astragalus is listed as a homology of medicine and food, and is safe for common people to eat according to the traditional habit. The method comprises the steps of extracting residues of traditional Chinese medicinal materials by using water of a pharmaceutical factory, such as the golden madder and the like, culturing oyster mushroom mycelia by using corncobs with different proportions (15% -95%) and corn flour with a fixed proportion as raw materials, and finding that when the residues of a traditional Chinese medicinal material mixture are 50% -60%, the yield of oyster mushrooms is high. Wei Xinrong and other researches observe the growth speed and growth vigor of hyphae, count the yield and commodity characters of sporocarp, and compare with a control group, the result proves that the cultivation of the flammulina velutipes by using epimedium herb residues as the main material is feasible, but the cultivation of the edible mushrooms by using astragalus mongholicus herb residues is still rarely reported.
The phosphogypsum is solid waste discharged in the production of phosphate fertilizer and phosphoric acid, the annual total yield of wet-process phosphoric acid is about 2.6 hundred million tons globally, the byproduct waste phosphogypsum is about 1.5 million tons, the utilization rate is only 4.3 to 4.6 percent, the stacked phosphogypsum not only occupies a large amount of land, but also the influence of harmful heavy metal chemical substances such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury and the like contained in the phosphogypsum on the environment is as long as hundreds of years. At present, the utilization research of the phosphogypsum in China mainly comprises the following steps: building material products, soil conditioners, cement retarders, chemical raw materials and the like, and the method has the utilization approaches and also has the recycling field, such as the treatment of saline-alkali soil by using phosphogypsum. In 2018, Guizhou comprehensively implements the phosphogypsum 'to use for fixed production', realizes the production and consumption balance of the phosphogypsum, and strives for zero new stacking quantity. From 2019, the aim is to achieve the effect that the phosphogypsum consumption is larger than the yield, and the consumption of the phosphogypsum is increased progressively according to the increasing rate which is not lower than 10% every year until the total consumption of the phosphogypsum stockpile in the province is finished. In 2020, a lot of key technologies without producing phosphogypsum are overcome, industrialization is realized as soon as possible, a lot of large-scale and high-added-value phosphogypsum resource comprehensive utilization demonstration projects are built, a phosphogypsum resource comprehensive utilization industry chain is basically formed, and the comprehensive utilization scale and level of the phosphogypsum resource are greatly improved. The national development and improvement committee also puts forward requirements for comprehensive utilization of the phosphogypsum, encourages various research institutions to actively seek a reasonable utilization way of the phosphogypsum, and provides a certain utilization idea for promoting green, innovative, intensive and efficient development of the phosphorus chemical industry.
Hericium erinaceus (Hericium erinaceus) belonging to the order Rhodopiluliformes (Russules) and belonging to the genus Hericium (Hericium), also known as Hericium erinaceus, Tricholoma giganteum, and Hericium erinaceus. Hericium erinaceus mostly occurs in Quercus in deep mountains in autumn and living standing tree withered joints, tree holes and rotten trees of other broad leaf trees, is widely distributed, is mainly concentrated in Asia, Europe and North America, and is mostly planted in forest areas such as Daxing' an mountains, Tianshan mountains, southwest transection mountains and Himalayan mountains in China. The mushroom has tender meat, good taste, high nutritive value and obvious medicinal value, and contains polysaccharides and polypeptides with effects of strengthening stomach mucosa barrier, promoting ulcer healing, diminishing inflammation, etc., and has high anticancer activity. The hericium erinaceus has obvious differences in biological characters and fruiting body yield among strains on the traditional cultivation raw materials, namely the culture materials of the sawdust and the cottonseed hulls, and the price of the traditional cultivation raw materials rises along with the development of edible fungi.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an astragalus membranaceus residue cultivation material and application thereof in hericium erinaceus cultivation, which can be used for quickly cultivating hericium erinaceus with good nutrition, strong fragrance and high biological conversion rate, and meanwhile provides a new way for recycling a large amount of astragalus membranaceus residues and phosphogypsum, so that the environment pollution is reduced, green, innovative and efficient comprehensive utilization of waste materials is realized, and the economic benefit is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an astragalus residue cultivation material is prepared by mixing 85% of astragalus residue, 5% of corn flour and 10% of phosphogypsum in percentage by weight.
The astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material is prepared by the following method: weighing radix astragali dregs, corn flour and phosphogypsum in proportion, humidifying the radix astragali dregs with tap water which is placed for 2 days to ensure that the moisture content is 60-80%, then adding the corn flour and the phosphogypsum, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine.
The astragalus membranaceus residue cultivation material is applied to hericium erinaceus cultivation.
The application of the astragalus membranaceus residue cultivation material, in particular to a hericium erinaceus cultivation method, comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: humidifying the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material with tap water to enable the water content to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0-7.0 with lime to obtain a pre-wetted cultivation material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wet cultivation material into a material pile for fermentation, and obtaining a pre-treated cultivation material after 2-4 days;
(3) preparing a fungus bag: adjusting the water content of the pretreated cultivation material obtained in the step (2) to 60% -65%, adjusting the pH value to 6.0-7.0 by using lime, filling the pretreated cultivation material into a plastic bag for sterilization for 2 hours, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains after cooling to obtain a fungus bag;
(4) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bags in a culture room, and culturing mycelia for 24-28 days to grow the fungus bags;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: and (3) uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of the fungus bag with the cultured mycelia, after the mycelia are twisted to form primordia, fruiting management is carried out for 8-10 days, and hericium erinaceus sporophores are collected.
The astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material is applied, wherein in the step (2), the height of the material pile is 1.2-1.5 m, and the width of the material pile is 1 m; and turning the material when the temperature of the material rises to above 65 ℃ in the fermentation process, wherein the turning is carried out for 1-2 times.
The astragalus residue cultivation material is applied, and the sterilization condition in the step (3) is that the pressure is 0.1-0.15 Mpa and the temperature is 120 ℃; the inoculation of the hericium erinaceus strain is aseptic operation, and the inoculation positions are arranged at two ends of the fungus bag.
The application of the astragalus membranaceus dreg cultivation material is characterized in that the hericium erinaceus strain in the step (3) is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-level seed production on a mother seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, then carrying out preparation, sterilization and inoculation on a culture medium, and then culturing at the constant temperature of 25 ℃; after inoculation, the mycelium can be cultured at 25 ℃ to shorten the growth time of the mycelium, and the mycelium can grow over in about 20 days.
The astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material is applied, and the plastic bag in the step (3) is a polypropylene folded plastic bag with the thickness of 14cm multiplied by 28cm and 0.04 cm; 0.5kg of cultivation material is filled in each bag of the plastic bag.
The astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material is applied, the cultivation condition in the step (4) is dark room cultivation, and the cultivation temperature is 20-25 ℃.
The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material comprises the following specific operations in the step (5): uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of a fungus bag with cultured mycelia, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 16-22 ℃, the relative air humidity of 85% -90%, the flow air speed of 0.05-0.1 m/s and the illumination intensity of 300-600 lx, twisting the mycelia to form primordia, fruiting and managing for 8-10 days, and harvesting hericium erinaceus sporophores.
According to the hericium erinaceus cultivation method adopting the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material, the diameter of the obtained hericium erinaceus sporocarp is 7-10 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the cultivation material can rapidly cultivate hericium erinaceus with good nutrition, strong fragrance and high biological conversion rate, provides a solution for treatment of a large amount of astragalus membranaceus dregs and phosphogypsum in Guizhou areas, is beneficial to reducing environmental pollution, realizes green, innovative and efficient utilization of materials, and improves economic benefits. In addition, the waste fungus bags containing the phosphogypsum can be made into biological fertilizers, which have the function of improving the saline-alkali soil structure and further solve the problem of recycling of the waste fungus bags.
1. The invention adopts pre-wetting treatment on the raw materials, can obviously improve the contact area between the raw materials, and further promotes the subsequent culture of the hericium erinaceus mycelium. The method comprises the steps of soaking main materials (astragalus membranaceus dregs) in tap water for 2 days to enable water to permeate into the internal structure of the astragalus membranaceus dregs, and then mixing the main materials and auxiliary materials (corn flour and phosphogypsum), humidifying and adjusting the pH value to be 6.0-7.0 under a weak acid condition, so that the method is suitable for meeting the requirement of the weak acid environment required by growth of hericium erinaceus.
2. The fermentation treatment technical means adopted by the invention can efficiently kill germs and promote the rapid degradation of the raw materials, thereby being beneficial to the growth of subsequent hyphae. The fermentation treatment adopted by the invention has the following advantages that firstly, in the fermentation process, under the action of a temperature-rising leavening agent, some thermophilic microorganisms such as actinomycetes in the raw materials grow and propagate rapidly, so that the temperature of the compost is raised to 65-70 ℃, some harmful ova and part of miscellaneous germs in the raw materials can be killed, and the compost is sterilized more thoroughly; secondly, beneficial microorganisms such as actinomycetes and the like in the fermentation process can promote the rapid degradation of organic substances such as lignin, cellulose and the like in the astragalus dregs to become nutrients which are easy to absorb and utilize by edible fungi, so that inoculated hypha can eat quickly and have strong resistance; thirdly, the stack is turned for 2 times in the fermentation process, harmful gases such as ammonia gas and the like released in the culture fermentation process can be volatilized, and the normal growth of edible fungus hyphae is ensured.
3. The substrate formula adopted by the invention comprises 85% of astragalus residue, 5% of corn flour and 10% of phosphogypsum, and the substrate formula has the advantages of less added auxiliary materials, low cost and higher biological conversion rate.
4. According to the method, the astragalus residue produced by the medicine enterprises in the Guizhou region is used as the main raw material of the cultivation material for cultivating the hericium erinaceus, the cultivated hericium erinaceus are heavy in single bacteria, good in biological efficiency, white in color, short in thorn, delicious in taste and low in pollution rate, and can be popularized in a large area subsequently.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a radix astragali residue cultivation material is prepared by weighing 85 wt% of radix astragali residue, 5 wt% of corn flour and 10 wt% of phosphogypsum, humidifying radix astragali residue with tap water for 2 days to make water content reach 70%, adding corn flour and phosphogypsum, stirring, and mixing; the corn flour is crushed conventionally, and the phosphogypsum is powdery.
The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material in hericium erinaceus cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: humidifying the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material with tap water to enable the water content to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5 with lime to obtain a pre-wetted cultivation material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wet cultivation material into a material pile for fermentation, wherein the height of the material pile is 1.3m, the width of the material pile is 1m, when the temperature of the material rises to above 65 ℃ in the fermentation process, the material pile is turned, the fermentation is carried out for 3 days, and the material pile is turned for 2 times in the period, so as to obtain the pre-treated cultivation material;
(3) preparing a fungus bag: adjusting the water content of the pretreated cultivation material obtained in the step (2) to 62%, adjusting the pH value to 6.5 by lime, filling the pretreated cultivation material into polypropylene angular plastic bags with the thickness of 14cm multiplied by 28cm and the thickness of 0.04cm, sterilizing each bag of dry material for 2 hours under the conditions that the pressure is 0.12Mpa and the temperature is 120 ℃, cooling, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains at two ends of each plastic bag in a sterile operation to obtain fungus bags; the hericium erinaceus strain is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-stage seed production methods of a parent seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, preparing, sterilizing and inoculating in a culture medium, and then culturing at a constant temperature of 25 ℃;
(4) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bag in a culture room, directly irradiating without sunlight, culturing in a dark room at 22 deg.C for 25 days, culturing mycelia to grow over the fungus bag, observing the growth of the strain in the fungus bag, and measuring the growth speed and growth potential of mycelia;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of a fungus bag with cultured mycelia, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 16-20 ℃, the relative air humidity of 85% -90%, the flowing wind speed of 0.05-0.1 m/s and the illumination intensity of 300-500 lx, after the mycelia are twisted to form primordia, fruiting management is carried out for 9 days, and finally fruiting bodies of hericium erinaceus are harvested, wherein the diameter of the fruiting bodies is 9 cm.
In order to verify the cultivation method of the present invention and confirm that it is scientific, rational and excellent in effect, the inventors conducted the following comparative tests:
experiment for cultivating hericium erinaceus by different cultivation material formulas
The test strains were isolated and purified by the unit itself. After the test strains are rejuvenated simultaneously, the test strains are subjected to enlarged culture, and different culture medium formula tests are carried out by adopting the same strain grade.
Comparative example 1:
a cultivation material for radix astragali residue is prepared by weighing 85 wt% of radix astragali residue, 5 wt% of corn flour and 10 wt% of calcium superphosphate, humidifying radix astragali residue with tap water for 2 days to make water content reach 70%, adding corn flour and phosphogypsum, stirring, and mixing.
The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material in hericium erinaceus cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: humidifying the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material with tap water to enable the water content to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5 with lime to obtain a pre-wetted cultivation material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wet cultivation material into a material pile for fermentation, wherein the height of the material pile is 1.3m, the width of the material pile is 1m, when the temperature of the material rises to above 65 ℃ in the fermentation process, the material pile is turned, the fermentation is carried out for 3 days, and the material pile is turned for 2 times in the period, so as to obtain the pre-treated cultivation material;
(3) preparing a fungus bag: adjusting the water content of the pretreated cultivation material obtained in the step (2) to 62%, adjusting the pH value to 6.5 by lime, filling the pretreated cultivation material into polypropylene angular plastic bags with the thickness of 14cm multiplied by 28cm and the thickness of 0.04cm, sterilizing each bag of dry material for 2 hours under the conditions that the pressure is 0.12Mpa and the temperature is 120 ℃, cooling, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains at two ends of each plastic bag in a sterile operation to obtain fungus bags; the hericium erinaceus strain is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-stage seed production methods of a parent seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, preparing, sterilizing and inoculating in a culture medium, and then culturing at a constant temperature of 25 ℃;
(4) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bag in a culture room, directly irradiating without sunlight, culturing in a dark room at 22 deg.C for 27 days, culturing mycelia to grow over the fungus bag, observing the growth of the strain in the fungus bag, and measuring the growth speed and growth potential of mycelia;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of a fungus bag with cultured mycelia, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 16-20 ℃, the relative air humidity of 85% -90%, the flow air speed of 0.05-0.1 m/s and the illumination intensity of 300-500 lx, after the mycelia are twisted to form primordia, fruiting management is carried out for 9 days, and finally fruiting bodies of hericium erinaceus are harvested.
Comparative example 2:
a radix astragali residue cultivation material is prepared by pulverizing radix astragali residue, adding water to adjust water content to 70%, adjusting pH to 4, adding 0.06% cellulase and 0.4% saccharifying distiller's yeast, sealing and fermenting at 28 deg.C for 8 days in a plastic barrel, taking out, and naturally air drying to water content of 25% to obtain fermented radix astragali residue; and uniformly mixing 85% of fermented astragalus dregs with 8% of phosphogypsum, 3% of corn flour and 4% of lime to obtain the astragalus polysaccharide-calcium sulfate powder.
The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material in hericium erinaceus cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fungus bag: adjusting water content of radix astragali residue cultivation material to 62%, pH to 6.5, placing into polypropylene angular folded plastic bag with thickness of 0.04cm and thickness of 14cm × 28cm, sterilizing for 35min under pressure of 0.12Mpa and temperature of 121 deg.C, cooling, and inoculating Hericium Erinaceus strain at two ends of the plastic bag to obtain fungus bag; the hericium erinaceus strain is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-stage seed production methods of a parent seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, preparing, sterilizing and inoculating in a culture medium, and then culturing at a constant temperature of 25 ℃;
(2) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bag in a culture room, directly irradiating without sunlight, culturing in a dark room at 22 deg.C for 26 days, culturing mycelia to overgrow the fungus bag, observing the growth condition of the strain in the fungus bag, and measuring the growth speed and growth potential of mycelia;
(3) fruiting management and harvesting: uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of a fungus bag with cultured mycelia, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 16-20 ℃, the relative air humidity of 85% -90%, the flow air speed of 0.05-0.1 m/s and the illumination intensity of 300-500 lx, after the mycelia are twisted to form primordia, fruiting management is carried out for 9 days, and finally fruiting bodies of hericium erinaceus are harvested.
The results of the comparison of the different compost formulations are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 cultivation of Hericium erinaceus with different cultivation material formulas
Note: the hypha density and growth vigor are indicated by a plus sign; + indicates that the hyphae grow strongly, stout and white, but grow less regularly; and the + indicates strong, white and regular hyphae.
As can be seen from Table 1: on the mushroom bag, the average growth rate of the hyphae of example 1 was 0.62cm/d faster than that of the comparative example.
The contamination rates of example 1 and comparative example were both below 10%.
And secondly, performing an agronomic character test on the hericium erinaceus sporocarp, observing the agronomic character of the hericium erinaceus sporocarp according to different formula examples 1 and comparative examples, and finding results in a table 2.
TABLE 2 Hericium erinaceus fruiting body agronomic trait test results
As can be seen from Table 2: the fruiting bodies of example 1 and the comparative example are substantially white and have small differences in properties. Wherein the single bacterium weight of the embodiment 1 is the largest, and reaches 152.23 g/bacterium; compared with the comparative example 1, the single bacterium weight is slightly smaller and is 136.25 g/bacterium; comparative example 2 the individual bacteria were slightly smaller in weight, 145.3 g/cell. The period from inoculation to primordium formation of the example 1 and the comparative example is only 25-27 days, and the time of the example 1 is shorter.
Thirdly, testing the yield of the hericium erinaceus strain in tide: the yield per tide and the biological conversion rate of the hericium erinaceus strain were calculated according to example 1 and comparative example, and the results are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 test results of hygrometric yield of Hericium erinaceus strains
As can be seen from Table 3: the yield of example 1 is higher, the average yield of the first three tides reaches 178.4 g/bag, the biological conversion rate reaches 125%, the yield of comparative example 1 is slightly lower, the average yield of the first three tides is 162.53 g/bag, and the biological conversion rate is 114%; comparative example 2 was slightly lower, the average yield of first three tides was 173.8 g/bag, and the biological conversion was 120.4%.
In summary, the following steps: the results of comparative tests on the growth condition of hyphae on the fungus bags, the biological efficiency and the like show that the substrates are the same, and the different formulas of the auxiliary materials have smaller difference. Under the same culture medium and culture conditions, the hypha growth vigor and the growth speed of the hericium erinaceus cultured by different formulas are different. On the bag culture medium, the hypha growth speed of the example 1 is the fastest, the biological efficiency of the example 1 is the highest, and the single bacterial weight is also higher.
The experimental results show that the single strain weight and the biological efficiency of the method in example 1 are the best, the color is pure white, the thorn is short, the taste is fresh and delicious, the pollution rate is low, and the method is very suitable for cultivating the hericium erinaceus by using the astragalus dregs as the main raw material and adding auxiliary materials of phosphogypsum and corn meal.
Example 2:
a cultivation material for radix astragali residue is prepared by weighing 85 wt% of radix astragali residue, 5 wt% of corn flour and 10 wt% of phosphogypsum, humidifying radix astragali residue with tap water for 2 days to make water content reach 60%, adding corn flour and phosphogypsum, stirring, and mixing.
The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material in hericium erinaceus cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: humidifying the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material with tap water to enable the water content to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0 with lime to obtain a pre-wetted cultivation material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wet cultivation material into a material pile for fermentation, wherein the height of the material pile is 1.2m, the width of the material pile is 1m, when the temperature of the material rises to above 65 ℃ in the fermentation process, the material pile is turned, the fermentation is carried out for 2 days, and the material pile is turned for 1 time in the process, so as to obtain the pre-treated cultivation material;
(3) preparing a fungus bag: adjusting the water content of the pretreated cultivation material obtained in the step (2) to 60%, adjusting the pH value to 6.0 by using lime, filling the pretreated cultivation material into polypropylene angular plastic bags with the thickness of 14cm multiplied by 28cm and the thickness of 0.04cm, sterilizing each bag of dry material for 2 hours under the conditions that the pressure is 0.10Mpa and the temperature is 120 ℃, cooling, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains at two ends of each plastic bag in a sterile operation to obtain fungus bags;
(4) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bags in a culture room, culturing in a dark room at the culture temperature of 20 ℃, culturing mycelia for 28 days to grow the fungus bags, observing the growth condition of the strains in the fungus bags, and measuring the growth speed and growth potential of the mycelia;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of a fungus bag with cultured mycelia, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 16-18 ℃, the relative air humidity of 85% -90%, the flow air speed of 0.05-0.1 m/s and the illumination intensity of 400-600 lx, performing fruiting management for 10 days after the mycelia are twisted to form primordia, and finally harvesting hericium erinaceus sporophores with the diameter of 7 cm.
Example 3:
a cultivation material for radix astragali residue is prepared by weighing 85 wt% of radix astragali residue, 5 wt% of corn flour and 10 wt% of phosphogypsum, humidifying radix astragali residue with tap water for 2 days to make water content reach 80%, adding corn flour and phosphogypsum, stirring, and mixing.
The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material in hericium erinaceus cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: humidifying the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material with tap water to enable the water content to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value to 7.0 with lime to obtain a pre-wetted cultivation material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wet cultivation material into a material pile for fermentation, wherein the height of the material pile is 1.5m, the width of the material pile is 1m, when the temperature of the material rises to above 65 ℃ in the fermentation process, the material pile is turned, the fermentation is carried out for 3 days, and the material pile is turned for 2 times in the period, so as to obtain the pre-treated cultivation material;
(3) preparing a fungus bag: adjusting the water content of the pretreated cultivation material obtained in the step (2) to 65%, adjusting the pH value to 7.0 with lime, placing into a plastic bag, sterilizing for 2h under the conditions of 0.15Mpa and 120 ℃, cooling, and inoculating Hericium erinaceus strains at two ends of the plastic bag in an aseptic operation to obtain a fungus bag;
(4) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bags in a culture room, culturing in a dark room at the culture temperature of 25 ℃, and culturing mycelia for 24 days to grow over the fungus bags;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of a fungus bag with cultured mycelia, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 20-22 ℃, the relative air humidity of 88% -90%, the flowing wind speed of 0.05-0.1 m/s and the illumination intensity of 500-600 lx, after the mycelia are twisted to form primordia, fruiting management is carried out for 8 days, and finally fruiting bodies of hericium erinaceus are collected, wherein the diameter of the fruiting bodies is 10 cm.
Example 4:
a cultivation material for radix astragali residue is prepared by weighing, by weight, 85% of radix astragali residue, 5% of corn flour and 10% of phosphogypsum, stirring, and mixing well.
The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material in hericium erinaceus cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: humidifying the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material with tap water to enable the water content to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value to 6.8 with lime to obtain a pre-wetted cultivation material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wet cultivation material into a material pile for fermentation, and obtaining a pre-treatment cultivation material after 2 days;
(3) preparing a fungus bag: adjusting the water content of the pretreated cultivation material obtained in the step (2) to 62%, adjusting the pH value to 6.5 by using lime, filling the pretreated cultivation material into polypropylene angular plastic bags with the thickness of 14cm multiplied by 28cm and the thickness of 0.04cm, sterilizing the bags for 2 hours, cooling the bags, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains at two ends of each plastic bag in an aseptic operation to obtain fungus bags;
(4) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bag in a culture room, and culturing mycelia for 26 days to grow the fungus bag;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: and (3) uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of the fungus bag with cultured mycelia, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse, performing fruiting management for 9 days after the mycelia are twisted to form primordia, and finally harvesting hericium erinaceus sporophores with the diameter of 8 cm.
Example 5:
a cultivation material for radix astragali residue is prepared by weighing 85 wt% of radix astragali residue, 5 wt% of corn flour and 10 wt% of phosphogypsum, humidifying radix astragali residue with tap water for 2 days to make water content reach 80%, adding corn flour and phosphogypsum, stirring, and mixing.
The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material in hericium erinaceus cultivation comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: humidifying the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material with tap water to enable the water content to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5 with lime to obtain a pre-wetted cultivation material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wet cultivation material into a material pile for fermentation, and obtaining a pre-treatment cultivation material after 3 days;
(3) preparing a fungus bag: adjusting the water content of the pretreated cultivation material obtained in the step (2) to 62%, adjusting the pH value to 6.5 by using lime, filling the pretreated cultivation material into a plastic bag for sterilization for 2 hours, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains after cooling to obtain a fungus bag; the hericium erinaceus strain is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-stage seed production methods of a parent seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, preparing, sterilizing and inoculating in a culture medium, and then culturing at a constant temperature of 25 ℃;
(4) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bags in a culture room, culturing in a dark room at the culture temperature of 25 ℃, and culturing mycelia for 25 days to grow over the fungus bags;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of a fungus bag with cultured mycelia, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 18-20 ℃, the relative air humidity of 87% -89%, the flowing air speed of 0.05-0.1 m/s and the illumination intensity of 450-550 lx, performing fruiting management for 9 days after the mycelia are twisted to form primordia, and finally harvesting hericium erinaceus sporophores with the diameter of 9 cm.
Example 6:
a radix astragali residue cultivation material is prepared by weighing 85 wt% of radix astragali residue, 5 wt% of corn flour and 10 wt% of phosphogypsum, humidifying radix astragali residue with tap water for 2 days to make water content reach 65%, adding corn flour and phosphogypsum, stirring, and mixing; the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material is used for cultivating hericium erinaceus, and is high in hypha growth speed, high in single fungus weight and high in yield.
Example 7:
a radix astragali residue cultivation material is prepared by weighing, by weight, 85% of radix astragali residue, 5% of corn flour and 10% of phosphogypsum, stirring, and mixing well to obtain; the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material is used for cultivating hericium erinaceus, and the obtained hericium erinaceus is high in single bacterium weight and biological efficiency, white in color, short in thorn, fresh and delicious in taste and low in pollution rate.
Claims (10)
1. An astragalus residue cultivation material is characterized in that: the medicine is prepared by mixing 85% of astragalus residue, 5% of corn flour and 10% of phosphogypsum in percentage by weight.
2. The astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material is characterized in that: is prepared by the following method: weighing radix astragali dregs, corn flour and phosphogypsum in proportion, humidifying the radix astragali dregs with tap water which is placed for 2 days to ensure that the moisture content is 60-80%, then adding the corn flour and the phosphogypsum, stirring and uniformly mixing to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine.
3. The use of the astragalus membranaceus residue cultivation material as defined in any one of claims 1-2 in hericium erinaceus cultivation.
4. The application of the astragalus membranaceus dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the specific hericium erinaceus cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: humidifying the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material with tap water to enable the water content to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value to 6.0-7.0 with lime to obtain a pre-wetted cultivation material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wet cultivation material into a material pile for fermentation, and obtaining a pre-treated cultivation material after 2-4 days;
(3) preparing a fungus bag: adjusting the water content of the pretreated cultivation material obtained in the step (2) to 60% -65%, adjusting the pH value to 6.0-7.0 by using lime, filling the pretreated cultivation material into a plastic bag for sterilization for 2 hours, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains after cooling to obtain a fungus bag;
(4) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bags in a culture room, and culturing mycelia for 24-28 days to grow the fungus bags;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: and (3) uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of the fungus bag with the cultured mycelia, after the mycelia are twisted to form primordia, fruiting management is carried out for 8-10 days, and hericium erinaceus sporophores are collected.
5. The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the height of the material pile in the step (2) is 1.2-1.5 m, and the width of the material pile is 1 m; and turning the material when the temperature of the material rises to above 65 ℃ in the fermentation process, wherein the turning is carried out for 1-2 times.
6. The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the sterilization condition in the step (3) is that the pressure is 0.1-0.15 Mpa and the temperature is 120 ℃; the inoculation of the hericium erinaceus strain is aseptic operation, and the inoculation positions are arranged at two ends of the fungus bag.
7. The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: and (3) preparing the hericium erinaceus strain by a three-stage seed preparation method of a parent seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed in sequence, preparing, sterilizing and inoculating the strain in a culture medium, and culturing the strain at the constant temperature of 25 ℃.
8. The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the plastic bag in the step (3) is a polypropylene angle plastic bag with the thickness of 14cm multiplied by 28cm and 0.04 cm; 0.5kg of cultivation material is filled in each bag of the plastic bag.
9. The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the culture condition in the step (4) is dark room culture, and the culture temperature is 20-25 ℃.
10. The application of the astragalus membranaceus decoction dreg cultivation material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that: the specific operation of the step (5) is as follows: uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of a fungus bag with cultured mycelia, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 16-22 ℃, the relative air humidity of 85% -90%, the flow air speed of 0.05-0.1 m/s and the illumination intensity of 300-600 lx, twisting the mycelia to form primordia, fruiting and managing for 8-10 days, and harvesting hericium erinaceus sporophores.
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| CN107231941A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-10-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院微生物研究所 | A kind of Hericium erinaceus culture method |
| CN107371812A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2017-11-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院微生物研究所 | A kind of Hericium erinaceus culture method using Eucalyptus bits as main planting material |
| CN108901592A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-11-30 | 镇江市菇满园生态农业有限公司 | A kind of compost and cultural method for cultivating Hericium erinaceus |
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| CN110100651A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-09 | 贵州省中国科学院天然产物化学重点实验室(贵州医科大学天然产物化学重点实验室) | A kind of edible fungus compost and its preparation method and application |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107231941A (en) * | 2017-06-05 | 2017-10-10 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院微生物研究所 | A kind of Hericium erinaceus culture method |
| CN107371812A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2017-11-24 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院微生物研究所 | A kind of Hericium erinaceus culture method using Eucalyptus bits as main planting material |
| CN108901592A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-11-30 | 镇江市菇满园生态农业有限公司 | A kind of compost and cultural method for cultivating Hericium erinaceus |
| CN109220546A (en) * | 2018-09-30 | 2019-01-18 | 安徽神州生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of hedgehog hydnum mushroom culture medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN110100651A (en) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-09 | 贵州省中国科学院天然产物化学重点实验室(贵州医科大学天然产物化学重点实验室) | A kind of edible fungus compost and its preparation method and application |
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