CN107371812B - Hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus wood chips as main cultivation material - Google Patents
Hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus wood chips as main cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/60—Cultivation rooms; Equipment therefor
- A01G18/64—Cultivation containers; Lids therefor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
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- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus wood chips as a main cultivation material, which comprises the following steps: (1) pre-wetting treatment; (2) fermentation treatment; (3) manufacturing a fungus bag; (4) culturing mycelia; (5) and (3) fruiting management and harvesting: uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of a fungus bag with cultured mycelia so as to allow the mycelia to be twisted into primordium, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 12-24 ℃, the relative air humidity of 75-90%, the flow air speed of 0.05-0.1 m/s and the illumination intensity of 400-800 lx, performing fruiting management for 7-10 days after the primordium is formed, and finally harvesting hericium erinaceus sporophores with the diameter of 7-10 cm. The method can be used for cultivating excellent hericium erinaceus, and provides a research basis for cultivating hericium erinaceus by using eucalyptus wood chips as main raw materials in Guangxi regions.
Description
[ technical field ] A method for producing a semiconductor device
The invention relates to the field of hericium erinaceus cultivation, in particular to a hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus chips as a main cultivation material.
[ background of the invention ]
Since the southern fast-growing and high-yield forest project is implemented in Guangxi, the eucalyptus cultivation is increased year by year, and the area, the growth amount and the accumulation amount of the eucalyptus artificial forest account for the first place of the whole country in 2007. The eucalyptus forest industry promotes the economic development of Guangxi province, and simultaneously generates a large amount of processing by-product eucalyptus wood chips, most of which are discarded according to the traditional stack, and exudates of the processing by-product eucalyptus wood chips often cause serious pollution to soil and water bodies. The eucalyptus wood chips are recycled, so that the pollution to the environment can be eliminated, and the comprehensive level of the eucalyptus wood processing industry can be improved. With the rapid development of the edible fungus cultivation industry, the demand of cultivation raw materials is correspondingly and rapidly increased, the yield of the traditional cultivation raw materials such as cottonseed hulls, basswood, miscellaneous wood chips and the like is limited, the application is wide, the sales volume is large, and the price is increased. Therefore, the search for novel edible fungus cultivation raw materials is gradually becoming a new direction for the development of the industry. Eucalyptus raw materials have been rarely studied in the edible fungi cultivation industry because it has been considered that eucalyptus aromatic oil is rich and unsuitable for cultivation of edible fungi. Research of Wu-Tai forest and the like finds that the eucalyptus wood chips can be used for cultivating edible fungi such as shiitake mushrooms, abalone mushrooms, agrocybe cylindracea and pleurotus eryngii, and the taste, appearance, nutritional ingredients and the like of the cultivated edible fungi are not different from those of the cultivated edible fungi by using the control wood chips. Xianana and the like use eucalyptus sawdust (bark scraps, stalk scraps, and bark-stalk mixed scraps) as a substrate to cultivate 4 kinds of edible mushrooms such as ganoderma lucidum, pleurotus geesteranus, pleurotus eryngii and flammulina velutipes, and the results show that the ganoderma lucidum, the pleurotus geesteranus and the pleurotus eryngii can normally grow and produce mushrooms, while the flammulina velutipes have weak hypha growth and can not produce mushrooms. The cultivation formula of pleurotus geesteranus is researched by taking eucalyptus wood chips as the main material, and the king brilliant piano and the like find that the cost of the raw materials for cultivating pleurotus geesteranus can be obviously reduced and the economic benefit is improved by taking the eucalyptus wood chips as the main material and matching mulberry branches or bagasse. At present, the edible fungi cultivated by the eucalyptus cuttings are still in a feasible research stage, and the screening research of excellent strains suitable for cultivating the eucalyptus cuttings is needed to be further carried out.
The hericium erinaceus is a precious medical and edible fungi, is rich in polysaccharide, protein and other nutritional ingredients, is good in shape, color and taste, and is popular with consumers. The yield and commodity character difference among different strains of the hericium erinaceus is large, and even on the compost of the mixed wood chips and the cottonseed hulls which are used as traditional cultivation raw materials, the biological characters and the fruiting body yield among the strains are also obviously different. In order to reduce the cultivation cost and improve the economic benefit, 10 strains from different sources are subjected to cultivation tests so as to screen out good hericium erinaceus strains suitable for eucalyptus chip cultivation.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to provide a hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus chips as a main cultivation material, which comprises the steps of firstly carrying out pre-wetting treatment on the eucalyptus chips and cottonseed hulls to improve the infiltration effect of the eucalyptus chips and the cottonseed hulls; then, the preparation of fungus bags, the cultivation of mycelia, the fruiting management and the harvesting are carried out. The method adopted by the invention can be used for cultivating excellent hericium erinaceus, and provides a research foundation for cultivating hericium erinaceus by using eucalyptus wood chips as main raw materials in Guangxi regions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus chips as a main cultivation material comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: accurately weighing 55 parts of eucalyptus wood dust, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry branch crumbs, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues and 5 parts of peanut hulls according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing the materials to obtain a main material, humidifying the main material by using tap water to enable the water content of the main material to reach more than 65%, adding an auxiliary material formed by combining 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 0.3 part of a heating leavening agent into the main material, uniformly stirring the main material and the auxiliary material to obtain a mixed material, enabling the water content of the mixed material to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 8.0-9.0 by using lime to obtain a pre-wetting raw material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wetted raw materials into a pile with the height of 1.2-1.5 m and the width of 1m, wherein the length of the pile is determined according to the quantity of the pile, punching a breather hole on the pile by using a wood stick with the diameter of 5cm at an interval of 80cm, turning the pile when the temperature of the pile rises to above 65 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, and turning the pile 2-4 times during the fermentation period for about 1 week to obtain the pretreated materials;
(3) and (3) making a fungus bag: uniformly stirring the pretreated material in the step (2) with 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran and 1 part of white sugar in parts by weight to obtain a cultivation material, adjusting the water content of the cultivation material to be 60-65% and the pH value to be 7.5-8.0, filling the cultivation material into a plastic bag, sterilizing at 100 ℃ under normal pressure for 10-12 hours, cooling, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains at two ends according to an aseptic operation procedure to obtain a fungus bag;
(4) and (3) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bag in a culture room, culturing hericium erinaceus strains for 32-35 days in a dark place under the conditions of 25-28 ℃ and 65-70% of air relative humidity, observing the growth conditions of the strains in the fungus bag, measuring the growth speed and the growth potential of hyphae, and performing difference significance analysis on the growth speed of each strain by using a new repolarization method;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of a fungus bag with cultured mycelia so as to allow the mycelia to be twisted into primordium, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 12-24 ℃, the relative air humidity of 75-90%, the flow air speed of 0.05-0.1 m/s and the illumination intensity of 400-800 lx, performing fruiting management for 7-10 days after the primordium is formed, and finally harvesting hericium erinaceus sporophores with the diameter of 7-10 cm.
In the present invention, as a further explanation, the technical means used in the step (1) of adjusting the humidity of the tap water is to perform a spray humidification treatment at 50 to 65 ℃.
In the invention, as a further illustration, the hericium erinaceus strain in the step (3) is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-level seed production through a mother seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, then carrying out preparation, sterilization and inoculation on a culture medium, and then culturing at 25-28 ℃.
In the invention, as a further illustration, the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of eucalyptus wood chips, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry branch chips, 5 parts of peanut hulls, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues, 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran, 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of white sugar and 1 part of calcium superphosphate, and the water content is 65%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention adopts pre-wetting treatment on the raw materials, can obviously improve the contact area between the raw materials, and further promotes the subsequent culture of the hericium erinaceus mycelium. The method comprises the steps of firstly, pre-wetting main materials to enable water to permeate into internal structures of eucalyptus wood chips, cottonseed hulls, mulberry twig chips and cassava wine waste residues; and then, the main material and the auxiliary material are mixed, the humidity is adjusted, and the pH value is adjusted to 8.0-9.0 under the alkaline condition, so that part of acidic substances released in the subsequent raw material fermentation process can be neutralized, and the phenomenon that the raw material is too strong in acidity and does not meet the requirement of a growth environment with the pH value of 7-8 required by hypha growth is avoided.
2. The fermentation treatment technical means adopted by the invention can efficiently kill germs and promote the rapid degradation of the raw materials, thereby being beneficial to the subsequent growth of hyphae. The fermentation treatment adopted by the invention has the following advantages that firstly, in the fermentation process, some thermophilic microorganisms such as actinomycetes and the like in the raw materials rapidly grow and propagate under the action of a temperature-raising leavening agent, so that the temperature of the compost is raised to 65-70 ℃, and some harmful ova and some infectious microbes in the raw materials can be killed, so that the compost is sterilized more thoroughly; secondly, beneficial microorganisms such as actinomycetes and the like in the fermentation process can promote the organic substances such as lignin and cellulose in the raw materials such as eucalyptus wood chips and the like to be rapidly degraded and changed into nutrients which can be easily absorbed and utilized by edible fungi, so that inoculated hypha can quickly eat and have strong resistance; thirdly, turning the piles for 2-4 times in the fermentation process, volatilizing harmful gases such as ammonia gas released in the culture and fermentation process, and ensuring the normal growth of the edible fungus hyphae.
3. According to the method, the hericium erinaceus is cultivated by using the abundant eucalyptus wood chips in Guangxi regions as the main raw materials, the cultivated hericium erinaceus is single and even in weight, good in biological efficiency, white in color, short in thorn, fresh and delicious in taste and low in pollution rate, and can be popularized in a large scale subsequently.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
Example 1:
1. a hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus chips as a main cultivation material comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: accurately weighing 55 parts of eucalyptus wood chips, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry branch chips, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues and 5 parts of peanut hulls according to parts by weight, dry-mixing the materials uniformly to obtain a main material, then carrying out spray humidification treatment at 50 ℃ by using tap water to enable the water content of the main material to reach more than 65%, then adding an auxiliary material formed by combining 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 0.3 part of heating leavening agent into the main material, stirring the main material and the auxiliary material uniformly to obtain a mixed material, enabling the water content of the mixed material to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 8.0 by using lime to obtain a pre-wetting raw material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wetted raw materials into a pile with the height of 1.2m and the width of 1m, wherein the length of the pile is determined according to the quantity of the pile, punching an air hole on the pile by using a wood stick with the diameter of 5cm at an interval of 80cm, turning the pile when the temperature of the pile rises to above 65 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, and turning the pile for 2 times during the fermentation period for about 1 week to obtain a pretreated material;
(3) and (3) making a fungus bag: uniformly stirring the pretreated material in the step (2) with 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran and 1 part of white sugar in parts by weight to obtain a cultivation material, adjusting the water content of the cultivation material to be 60% and the pH value to be 7.5, filling the cultivation material into a plastic bag, sterilizing at 100 ℃ under normal pressure for 10 hours, cooling, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains at two ends according to an aseptic operation procedure to obtain a fungus bag; the hericium erinaceus strain is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-stage seed production methods of a parent seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, preparing, sterilizing and inoculating in a culture medium, and then culturing at 25 ℃; the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of eucalyptus wood chips, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry branch chips, 5 parts of peanut hulls, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues, 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran, 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of white sugar and 1 part of calcium superphosphate, wherein the water content is 65 percent;
(4) and (3) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bag in a culture room, culturing Hericium erinaceus strains for 32 days in a dark place under the conditions of 25 ℃ and 65% of air relative humidity, observing the growth conditions of the strains in the fungus bag, measuring the growth speed and growth potential of hyphae, and performing difference significance analysis on the growth speed of each strain by using a new repolarization difference method;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: and (3) uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of the fungus bag with cultured mycelia so as to kink the mycelia into primordium, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 12 ℃, the air relative humidity of 75%, the flowing air speed of 0.05m/s and the illumination intensity of 400lx, performing fruiting management for 7 days after the primordium is formed, and finally harvesting the hericium erinaceus fruiting bodies with the diameter of 7 cm.
Example 2:
1. a hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus chips as a main cultivation material comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: accurately weighing 55 parts of eucalyptus wood chips, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry branch chips, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues and 5 parts of peanut hulls according to parts by weight, dry-mixing the materials uniformly to obtain a main material, then carrying out spray humidification treatment at 55 ℃ by using tap water to enable the water content of the main material to reach more than 65%, then adding an auxiliary material formed by combining 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 0.3 part of heating leavening agent into the main material, stirring the main material and the auxiliary material uniformly to obtain a mixed material, enabling the water content of the mixed material to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 8.2 by using lime to obtain a pre-wetting raw material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wetted raw materials into a pile with the height of 1.3m and the width of 1m, wherein the length of the pile is determined according to the quantity of the pile, punching an air hole on the pile by using a wood stick with the diameter of 5cm at an interval of 80cm, turning the pile when the temperature of the pile rises to above 65 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, and turning the pile for 3 times during the fermentation period for about 1 week to obtain a pretreated material;
(3) and (3) making a fungus bag: uniformly stirring the pretreated material in the step (2) with 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran and 1 part of white sugar in parts by weight to obtain a cultivation material, adjusting the water content of the cultivation material to be 62% and the pH value to be 7.8, filling the cultivation material into a plastic bag, sterilizing at 100 ℃ under normal pressure for 10.5 hours, cooling, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains at two ends according to an aseptic operation procedure to obtain a fungus bag; the hericium erinaceus strain is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-stage seed production methods of a parent seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, preparing, sterilizing and inoculating in a culture medium, and then culturing at 27 ℃; the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of eucalyptus wood chips, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry branch chips, 5 parts of peanut hulls, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues, 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran, 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of white sugar and 1 part of calcium superphosphate, wherein the water content is 65 percent;
(4) and (3) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bag in a culture room, culturing Hericium erinaceus strains for 33 days at 26 deg.C under the condition of air relative humidity of 67% in the dark, observing the growth conditions of the strains in the fungus bag, measuring the growth speed and growth potential of hyphae, and performing difference significance analysis on the growth speed of each strain by using a new repolarization difference method;
(5) and (3) fruiting management and harvesting: and (3) uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of the fungus bag with cultured mycelia so as to facilitate the mycelia to be twisted into primordium, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 18 ℃, the air relative humidity of 80%, the flowing wind speed of 0.07m/s and the illumination intensity of 600lx, performing fruiting management for 8 days after the primordium is formed, and finally harvesting the hericium erinaceus fruiting bodies with the diameter of 8 cm.
Example 3:
1. a hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus chips as a main cultivation material comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: accurately weighing 55 parts of eucalyptus wood chips, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry branch chips, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues and 5 parts of peanut hulls according to parts by weight, dry-mixing the materials uniformly to obtain a main material, then carrying out spray humidification treatment at 60 ℃ by using tap water to enable the water content of the main material to reach more than 65%, then adding an auxiliary material formed by combining 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 0.3 part of heating leavening agent into the main material, stirring the main material and the auxiliary material uniformly to obtain a mixed material, enabling the water content of the mixed material to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 8.5 by using lime to obtain a pre-wetting raw material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wetted raw materials into a pile with the height of 1.4m and the width of 1m, wherein the length of the pile is determined according to the quantity of the pile, punching an air hole on the pile by using a wood stick with the diameter of 5cm at an interval of 80cm, turning the pile when the temperature of the pile rises to above 65 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, and turning the pile for 3 times during the fermentation period for about 1 week to obtain a pretreated material;
(3) and (3) making a fungus bag: uniformly stirring the pretreated material in the step (2) with 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran and 1 part of white sugar in parts by weight to obtain a cultivation material, adjusting the water content of the cultivation material to 63 percent and the pH value to 8.0, filling the cultivation material into a plastic bag, sterilizing at 100 ℃ under normal pressure for 11 hours, cooling, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains at two ends according to an aseptic operation procedure to obtain a fungus bag; the hericium erinaceus strain is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-stage seed production methods of a parent seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, preparing, sterilizing and inoculating in a culture medium, and then culturing at 27 ℃; the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of eucalyptus wood chips, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry twig crumbs, 5 parts of peanut hulls, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues, 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran, 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of white sugar and 1 part of calcium superphosphate, wherein the water content is 65%;
(4) and (3) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bag in a culture room, culturing Hericium erinaceus strains for 34 days at 26 deg.C under the condition of air relative humidity of 67% in the dark, observing the growth conditions of the strains in the fungus bag, measuring the growth speed and growth potential of hyphae, and performing difference significance analysis on the growth speed of each strain by using a new repolarization difference method;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: and (3) uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of the fungus bag with the cultured mycelia so as to twist the mycelia into primordia, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 20 ℃, the air relative humidity of 80%, the flow air speed of 0.09m/s and the illumination intensity of 700lx, performing fruiting management for 9 days after the primordia are formed, and finally harvesting hericium erinaceus sporophores with the diameter of 9 cm.
Example 4:
1. a hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus chips as a main cultivation material comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: accurately weighing 55 parts of eucalyptus wood chips, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry branch chips, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues and 5 parts of peanut hulls according to parts by weight, dry-mixing the materials uniformly to obtain a main material, then carrying out spray humidification treatment at 63 ℃ by using tap water to enable the water content of the main material to reach more than 65%, then adding an auxiliary material formed by combining 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 0.3 part of heating leavening agent into the main material, stirring the main material and the auxiliary material uniformly to obtain a mixed material, enabling the water content of the mixed material to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 8.4 by using lime to obtain a pre-wetting raw material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wetted raw materials into a pile with the height of 1.3m and the width of 1m, wherein the length of the pile is determined according to the quantity of the pile, punching a breather hole on the pile by using a wood stick with the diameter of 5cm at an interval of 80cm, turning the pile when the temperature of the pile rises to over 65 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, and turning the pile for 4 times during the fermentation period for about 1 week to obtain a pretreated material;
(3) and (3) manufacturing a fungus bag: uniformly stirring the pretreated material in the step (2) with 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran and 1 part of white sugar in parts by weight to obtain a cultivation material, adjusting the water content of the cultivation material to be 61% and the pH value to be 7.9, filling the cultivation material into a plastic bag, sterilizing at 100 ℃ under normal pressure for 11.5 hours, cooling, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains at two ends according to an aseptic operation procedure to obtain a fungus bag; the hericium erinaceus strain is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-stage seed production methods of a parent seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, preparing, sterilizing and inoculating in a culture medium, and then culturing at 26 ℃; the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of eucalyptus wood chips, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry twig crumbs, 5 parts of peanut hulls, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues, 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran, 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of white sugar and 1 part of calcium superphosphate, wherein the water content is 65%;
(4) and (3) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bag in a culture room, culturing Hericium erinaceus strains for 33 days at 26 deg.C under the condition of air relative humidity of 68% in the dark, observing the growth conditions of the strains in the fungus bag, measuring the growth speed and growth potential of hyphae, and performing difference significance analysis on the growth speed of each strain by using a new repolarization difference method;
(5) and (3) fruiting management and harvesting: and (3) uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of the fungus bag with the cultured mycelia so as to twist the mycelia into primordia, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 22 ℃, the air relative humidity of 85%, the flowing air speed of 0.09m/s and the illumination intensity of 500lx, performing fruiting management for 8 days after the primordia are formed, and finally harvesting hericium erinaceus sporophores with the diameter of 9 cm.
Example 5:
1. a hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus chips as a main cultivation material comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: accurately weighing 55 parts of eucalyptus wood chips, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry branch chips, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues and 5 parts of peanut hulls according to parts by weight, dry-mixing the materials uniformly to obtain a main material, then carrying out spray humidification treatment at 62 ℃ by using tap water to enable the water content of the main material to reach more than 65%, then adding an auxiliary material formed by combining 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 0.3 part of heating leavening agent into the main material, stirring the main material and the auxiliary material uniformly to obtain a mixed material, enabling the water content of the mixed material to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 8.6 by using lime to obtain a pre-wetting raw material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wetted raw materials into a pile with the height of 1.4m and the width of 1m, wherein the length of the pile is determined according to the quantity of the pile, punching an air hole on the pile by using a wood stick with the diameter of 5cm at an interval of 80cm, turning the pile when the temperature of the pile rises to above 65 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, and turning the pile for 3 times during the fermentation period for about 1 week to obtain a pretreated material;
(3) and (3) making a fungus bag: uniformly stirring the pretreated material in the step (2) with 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran and 1 part of white sugar in parts by weight to obtain a cultivation material, adjusting the water content of the cultivation material to be 61% and the pH value to be 7.7, filling the cultivation material into a plastic bag, sterilizing at 100 ℃ under normal pressure for 10.5 hours, cooling, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains at two ends according to an aseptic operation procedure to obtain a fungus bag; the hericium erinaceus strain is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-stage seed production methods of a parent seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, preparing, sterilizing and inoculating in a culture medium, and then culturing at 26 ℃; the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of eucalyptus wood chips, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry twig crumbs, 5 parts of peanut hulls, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues, 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran, 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of white sugar and 1 part of calcium superphosphate, wherein the water content is 65%;
(4) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bag in a culture room, culturing Hericium erinaceus strains for 33 days at 27 deg.C under the condition of air relative humidity of 68% in the dark, observing the growth conditions of the strains in the fungus bag, measuring the growth speed and growth potential of hyphae, and performing difference significance analysis on the growth speed of each strain by using a new repolarization difference method;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: and (3) uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of the fungus bag with cultured mycelia so as to kink the mycelia into primordium, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 19 ℃, the air relative humidity of 88%, the flowing wind speed of 0.07m/s and the illumination intensity of 500lx, performing fruiting management for 7 days after the primordium is formed, and finally harvesting hericium erinaceus sporocarp with the diameter of 9 cm.
Example 6:
1. a hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus chips as a main cultivation material comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: accurately weighing 55 parts of eucalyptus sawdust, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry branch sawdust, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues and 5 parts of peanut hulls according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing the materials to obtain a main material, then carrying out spray humidification treatment at 65 ℃ by using tap water to enable the water content of the main material to reach more than 65%, then adding an auxiliary material formed by combining 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 0.3 part of heating leavening agent into the main material, uniformly stirring the main material and the auxiliary material to obtain a mixed material, enabling the water content of the mixed material to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 9.0 by using lime to obtain a pre-wetting raw material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wetted raw materials into a pile with the height of 1.5m and the width of 1m, wherein the length of the pile is determined according to the quantity of the pile, punching an air hole on the pile by using a wood stick with the diameter of 5cm at an interval of 80cm, turning the pile when the temperature of the pile rises to above 65 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, turning the pile for 4 times during the fermentation period, and obtaining the pretreated materials about 1 week;
(3) and (3) making a fungus bag: uniformly stirring the pretreated material obtained in the step (2) with 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran and 1 part of white sugar in parts by weight to obtain a cultivation material, adjusting the water content of the cultivation material to 65% and the pH value to 8.0, filling the cultivation material into a plastic bag, sterilizing the plastic bag at 100 ℃ under normal pressure for 12 hours, cooling, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains at two ends according to an aseptic operation procedure to obtain a fungus bag; the hericium erinaceus strain is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-stage seed production methods of a parent seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, preparing, sterilizing and inoculating in a culture medium, and then culturing at 28 ℃; the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of eucalyptus wood chips, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry twig crumbs, 5 parts of peanut hulls, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues, 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran, 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of white sugar and 1 part of calcium superphosphate, wherein the water content is 65%;
(4) and (3) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bag in a culture room, culturing Hericium erinaceus strains for 35 days in a dark place under the conditions of 28 ℃ and 70% of air relative humidity, observing the growth conditions of the strains in the fungus bag, measuring the growth speed and growth potential of hyphae, and performing difference significance analysis on the growth speed of each strain by using a new repolarization difference method;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: and (3) uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of the fungus bag with cultured mycelia so as to kink the mycelia into primordium, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 24 ℃, the relative air humidity of 90%, the flow air speed of 0.1m/s and the illumination intensity of 800lx, performing fruiting management for 10 days after the primordium is formed, and finally harvesting the hericium erinaceus fruiting bodies with the diameter of 10 cm.
Test 1:
sample ratio test: 10 strains introduced from domestic edible fungus related units and stored in the same unit. After the test strains are rejuvenated simultaneously, the test strains are subjected to scale-up culture, and the same strain grade is adopted for carrying out a quality ratio test, and the specific implementation steps are as shown in the table 1 for the strain sources and the table 2 for the strain growth speed according to the example 1.
Table 1:
| serial number | Strain name | The source of the strain |
| 1 | Big hedgehog hydnum | Beijing Ji mushroom garden science and technology Co Ltd |
| 2 | Hericium erinaceus T3 | Jiangdu Tianda edible fungus institute |
| 3 | Hericium erinaceus 4916 | Jiangdu Tianda edible fungus institute |
| 4 | Hericium erinaceus 4903 | Institute of edible fungi |
| 5 | Hericium erinaceus No. 6 | Institute of edible fungi of Guangxi university |
| 6 | Hedgehog hydnum BJ | Institute of domestic fungus |
| 7 | Monkey head king | Guangxi farm institute for microbiology preservation |
| 8 | Wild hedgehog hydnum | Heilongjiang Ichun wild isolate |
| 9 | Radix seu herba Hericii Heterophylli | Institute of domestic fungus |
| 10 | Luhou No. 1 | Institute of domestic fungus |
Table 2:
note: the hypha density and growth vigor are indicated by a plus sign; + indicates that the hyphae grow strongly, stout and white, but grow less regularly; + + + indicates strong, white and regular hyphae; different upper and lower case letters after the same column of data indicate differences of 0.05 and 0.01 significance levels, respectively.
As can be seen from Table 2: on the fungus bag, the average growth speed of hypha of the wild hericium erinaceus is the fastest, reaches 6.38mm/d, and is obviously different from the growth speed of other hericium erinaceus strains on the levels of 0.05 and 0.01. The average growth rate of hyphae of the hericium erinaceus 4903 is the slowest, is only 4.12mm/d, and is obviously different from the growth rates of other hericium erinaceus strains on the levels of 0.05 and 0.01;
in the aspect of hypha growth, the hyphae of wild hericium erinaceus, dichroa febrifuga, hericium erinaceus 6 and monkey 1 are dense, white, thick, strong and powerful in growth, and other strains are slightly poor in growth and not uniform enough in growth;
the contamination rate of the tested strains is below 10%.
Test 2:
the agronomic character test of the hericium erinaceus sporophore includes the steps of cultivating hericium erinaceus strains of different sources according to the method in the embodiment 1, observing the agronomic characters of the hericium erinaceus sporophore, and the results are shown in table 3.
Table 3:
as can be seen from Table 3: all the tested strains have white fruiting body and other characters are different greatly. The fruiting bodies of 3 strains of the dichroa febrifuga, the monkey with Lu No. 1, the monkey with the No. 4916 and the like are large, wherein the single average weight of the dichroa febrifuga is the largest and reaches 88.41 g/strain. The weight of the hericium erinaceus T3 is the smallest and is only 58.69 g/per hericium erinaceus. Each test strain only needs 29-36 days from inoculation to primordium formation, wherein the shortest is Hericium erinaceus king, and buds begin to appear 29 days after inoculation. The bud emergence time is longest when the wild hericium erinaceus is used, and bud emergence begins 36 days after inoculation.
Test 3:
the tide yield test of the hericium erinaceus strain: hericium erinaceus strains of different sources were cultivated according to the method of example 1, and the yield per tide and the biological conversion rate of the Hericium erinaceus strains were calculated, and the results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4:
as can be seen from Table 4: the yield of the dichroa febrifuga is the highest, the average yield of the first three tides reaches 276.19 g/bag, the biological conversion rate reaches 69.05%, and the yield is obviously different from the yields of other strains on the levels of 0.05 and 0.01 except that the difference is not obvious compared with the BJ. The average yield of the first three tides is 245.10 g/bag, the biological conversion rate is 61.28 percent, and the yield is obviously different from that of the large hericium erinaceus at the levels of 0.05 and 0.01. The lowest yield is wild hericium erinaceus, the average yield of the first three tides is only 150.04 g/bag, and the biological conversion rate is only 37.51%.
In summary, the following steps: the results of comparative tests on the growth condition of hyphae on a fungus bag, biological efficiency and the like show that the 10 test strains have obvious difference. Under the same culture medium and culture conditions, the hyphae of different hericium erinaceus strains have different growth vigor and growth speed. On the fungus bag culture medium, the growth speed of hypha of wild hericium erinaceus is the fastest, and the hypha of the wild hericium erinaceus is dichroa febrifuga, and the growth speed of the hypha of the wild hericium erinaceus is 4903. The biological efficiency of 10 hericium erinaceus is also obviously different, the biological efficiency of the dichroa febrifuga is highest, and the average weight of the hericium erinaceus is also highest; the second is the hedgehog hydnum BJ, and the single equal weight is also inferior to the dichroa febrifuga. The biological efficiency of the two strains is obviously different from that of other strains at the level of 0.05 and 0.01, but the difference between the two strains is not obvious. The lowest biological efficiency is wild hericium erinaceus.
The experimental result shows that the dichroa febrifuga has the best single average weight and biological efficiency except that the growth speed of hypha is second to that of the wild hericium erinaceus, has the advantages of pure white color, short thorn, fresh and delicious taste and low pollution rate, and is very suitable for cultivating eucalyptus wood chips serving as the main raw material in Guangxi regions. The subsequent research can be carried out with regional test, and the method is popularized to become a main cultivated variety after further verifying the growth condition, the biological efficiency and the commodity characters.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus chips as a main cultivation material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the hericium erinaceus is a dichroa febrifuga, and comprises the following steps:
(1) pre-wetting treatment: accurately weighing 55 parts of eucalyptus wood dust, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry branch crumbs, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues and 5 parts of peanut hulls according to parts by weight, uniformly mixing the materials to obtain a main material, humidifying the main material by using tap water to enable the water content of the main material to reach more than 65%, adding an auxiliary material formed by combining 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of calcium superphosphate and 0.3 part of a heating leavening agent into the main material, uniformly stirring the main material and the auxiliary material to obtain a mixed material, enabling the water content of the mixed material to reach 65%, and adjusting the pH value of the mixed material to 8.0-9.0 by using lime to obtain a pre-wetting raw material;
(2) fermentation treatment: piling the pre-wet raw materials into a pile with the height of 1.2-1.5 m and the width of lm, wherein the length of the pile is determined according to the quantity of the pile, punching a breather hole on the pile by using a wood stick with the diameter of 5cm at an interval of 80cm, turning the pile when the temperature of the pile rises to over 65 ℃, fermenting for 7 days, and turning the pile for 2-4 times in the fermentation period for about 1 week to obtain a pre-treated material;
(3) and (3) making a fungus bag: uniformly stirring the pretreated material in the step (2) with 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran and 1 part of white sugar in parts by weight to obtain a cultivation material, adjusting the water content of the cultivation material to be 60-65% and the pH value to be 7.5-8.0, filling the cultivation material into a plastic bag, sterilizing at 100 ℃ under normal pressure for 10-12 hours, cooling, and inoculating hericium erinaceus strains at two ends according to an aseptic operation procedure to obtain a fungus bag; the hericium erinaceus strain is prepared by sequentially carrying out three-level seed production through a mother seed, an original seed and a cultivated seed, preparing, sterilizing and inoculating in a culture medium, and then culturing at 25-28 ℃;
(4) and (3) culturing mycelium: placing the fungus bags in a culture room, culturing hericium erinaceus strains for 32-35 days in a dark place under the conditions of temperature of 25-28 ℃ and relative air humidity of 65-70%, observing the growth conditions of the strains in the fungus bags, measuring the growth speed and growth potential of hyphae, and performing difference significance analysis on the growth speed of each strain by using a new multiple-pole difference method;
(5) fruiting management and harvesting: uncovering plastic lantern rings at two ends of a fungus bag with cultured mycelia so as to allow the mycelia to be twisted into primordium, putting the fungus bag into a greenhouse with the temperature of 12-24 ℃, the relative air humidity of 75-90%, the flow air speed of 0.05-0.1 m/s and the illumination intensity of 400-800 lx, performing fruiting management for 7-10 days after the primordium is formed, and finally harvesting hericium erinaceus sporophores with the diameter of 7-10 cm.
2. The hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus wood chips as a main cultivation material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the technical means adopted by the tap water humidity regulation in the step (1) is to carry out spray humidification treatment at 50-65 ℃.
3. The hericium erinaceus cultivation method taking eucalyptus wood chips as a main cultivation material according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of eucalyptus wood chips, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 10 parts of mulberry twig crumbs, 5 parts of peanut hulls, 5 parts of cassava wine waste residues, 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of peanut bran, 1 part of gypsum, 1 part of white sugar and 1 part of calcium superphosphate, and the water content is 65%.
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| CN109526551B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2021-05-14 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院微生物研究所 | Cultivation method of natural selenium-rich agaricus bisporus |
| CN110115199B (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2022-03-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院微生物研究所 | Method for preparing black fungus strain from eucalyptus wood chips |
| CN111699920A (en) * | 2020-06-19 | 2020-09-25 | 贵州省中国科学院天然产物化学重点实验室(贵州医科大学天然产物化学重点实验室) | Astragalus membranaceus residue cultivation material and application thereof in hericium erinaceus cultivation |
| CN112005810A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2020-12-01 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院微生物研究所 | Application of eucalyptus wood chips to straw rotting fungus stropharia rugosoannulata strains |
| CN114190232A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-03-18 | 贵州师范学院 | Hericium erinaceus culture medium and preparation method thereof |
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