CN111657072A - Sesame and pinellia ternate intercropping and interplanting method - Google Patents
Sesame and pinellia ternate intercropping and interplanting method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly discloses a sesame and pinellia ternate intercropping and interplanting method which comprises the steps of seed selection, land preparation, pinellia ternate planting, sesame planting, pest control, harvesting and the like. According to the invention, the sesame and the pinellia ternate are intercropped and interplanted, so that the complementation of nutrition requirement and space utilization can be realized, the natural occurrence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and the sesame is increased on the premise that the yield of the pinellia ternate is not influenced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, in particular to a sesame and pinellia ternate intercropping and interplanting method.
Background
Sesame is called as flax and flax, belongs to the genus of flax of the family of benaceae and is an annual upright herbaceous plant, and is widely planted in temperate and tropical regions and also an important high-quality edible oil source in China. Sesame is particularly rich in nutrition, and the seeds are rich in fatty acid, protein, saccharide, trace elements, vitamins, lecithin, sesamol, sesamin, sesamolin and the like. The content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in fatty acid is 43%, which is effective component for preventing and treating coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, inflammatory diseases and autoimmune disorder, and is essential nutrition for normal growth and development of human; sesamol is a natural antioxidant and has a great effect of delaying senescence; the sesame contains iron and vitamin E which are important components for preventing anemia, activating brain cells and eliminating vascular cholesterol; lecithin can prevent gallstone formation, sesame leaves are neutral in nature and bitter in taste, and have the functions of moistening dryness and lubricating intestines, and the earliest Chinese medicine dictionary, Shen nong Ben Cao Jing, mentions that flax, sweet in taste, mainly injures middle-jiao and wins, tonifies five internal organs, benefits strength, prolongs muscle and brain, and is taken for a long time to lighten and not to age. Sesame is also an important spice, pharmaceutical and chemical raw material. Sesame is a treasure for our mankind. In recent years, with the improvement of living standard and the enhancement of health consciousness of people, the consumption of sesame and products thereof tends to increase.
Pinellia ternata is a perennial herb of Araceae, and is a common traditional Chinese medicine in Chinese pharmacopoeia. Ban Xia is warm in nature and toxic in nature as it is used as a medicine. Eliminating dampness and phlegm, checking adverse rise of qi and relieving vomiting, disintegrating masses and resolving masses, and can be used for treating damp-phlegm cold-phlegm cough and asthma with excessive phlegm, phlegm-fluid retention and dizziness and palpitation, phlegm syncope and headache, vomiting and regurgitation, chest and stomach stuffiness and stuffiness, and globus hystericus. The artificial planting of pinellia is an important and effective way to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of raw materials and to develop local biological medicine industry. Because of high economic benefit, the plants are planted in a plurality of provinces of China, such as Sichuan, Gansu, Hubei, Jiangsu, Henan, Anhui, Guizhou and the like. Pinellia ternata belongs to perennial small herbaceous plants, is 15-30 cm in plant height, is shallow in root, is favorable to mild and humid climate, is afraid of drought and high temperature, and belongs to a shade-tolerant plant.
With the approval of the curative effect of traditional Chinese medicines all over the world, the commodity export amount of the traditional Chinese medicines is continuously increased, the pinellia ternate is also used as one of main export medicinal material varieties in China, the market is generally regarded as good, the artificially planted pinellia ternate is easily influenced by the cultivation environment, the yield and the quality of the artificially planted pinellia ternate are remarkably reduced after long-term continuous cropping, and the market demand cannot be met.
The annual output of sesame in China is about 70 ten thousand tons, the annual consumption of sesame in China is about 160 ten thousand tons, the annual import of sesame in China is 100 ten thousand tons, and the market gap is huge. In recent years, the cultivation area of pinellia ternata is increased along with the increase of market demand.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a sesame and pinellia ternate intercropping method, which adopts the sesame and pinellia ternate intercropping, can realize the complementation of nutrition demand and space utilization, reduces the natural occurrence rate of diseases, pests and weeds, and improves the sesame yield on the premise of not influencing the pinellia ternate yield.
The sesame and pinellia ternate intercropping and interplanting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds, preparing land,
seed selection: selecting tuber of pinellia ternata with diameter of 0.5-2.5cm, no mildew or damage, and selecting single-stalk sesame with high yield, stable yield, disease resistance, stain resistance and lodging resistance;
land preparation: selecting loose, well-irrigated and moist sandy loam, weeding 3-5 days before planting, deeply turning the surface layer of the soil by 15-25cm, applying base fertilizer, ridging pinellia ternata, and digging drainage ditches with the width of 25-35cm and the depth of 20-30cm around the field;
s2, planting pinellia ternate,
soaking pinellia ternate seed stems for 1.5-2.5h before sowing, in early spring at the bottom of 3 months and in the beginning of 4 months, sowing can be carried out when the average temperature reaches 10-25 ℃, the sowing row spacing is 15-20cm, the plant spacing is 3-6cm, drilling is carried out on ridges, the sowing depth is 5-8cm, seed placing is carried out in a 'Ping' shape, and pressing is carried out after covering soil;
after seeding, pinellia ternata topdressing, intertillage weeding and water and fertilizer management are carried out;
s3, planting and topdressing sesame,
s3.1, sowing sesame seeds: sun-seeding sesame 5-7 days before sowing, mixing seeds with 25% carbendazim wettable powder 2-3 days after sun-seeding, uniformly stirring, air-drying, sowing sesame 5 in the middle of the month, drilling sesame, and sowing at the half waist positions on two sides of a 1-1.5m wide ridge;
s3.2, seedling setting among sesames: thinning the sesame for the first time when 2-3 pairs of true leaves grow out, thinning the seedlings, and fixing the seedlings when 4-5 pairs of true leaves grow out, wherein the plant spacing is 15-20 cm;
after planting, performing sesame additional fertilizer;
s4, respectively carrying out pest control on the pinellia ternate and the sesame, then harvesting the sesame in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, and harvesting the pinellia ternate in the last 9 months.
Preferably, in S1, the base fertilizer is one of a composted farmyard manure and a compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the application amount of the decomposed farmyard manure is 22.5-30t/hm2；
The compound fertilizer is N: P: K of 15: 15, and the application amount is 375-one and 450kg/hm2。
Preferably, in S1, ridges are formed to make the width of the ridge surface 1-1.5m, the height of the ridge 15-25cm and the distance between the ridges 35-45 cm.
Preferably, in S2, the pinellia ternate topdressing process comprises: topdressing for the 1 st time is carried out during seedling alignment, topdressing for the 2 nd time is carried out after the formation of bulbils, topdressing for the 3 rd time is carried out 28-32 days after the 2 nd time, and topdressing for the 4 th time is carried out 18-22 days after the 3 rd time;
the 1 st top dressing is carried out by applying human and animal manure water according to the proportion of 1:3-4, and the mixed fertilizer is 1.2-1.5t// hm2；
The second additional fertilization is carried out by applying 2-3t// hm of mixed fertilizer of human and animal manure according to the ratio of 1:3-42；
The soil and miscellaneous fertilizers for the 3 rd additional fertilization are 1.2-1.5t//hm2；
400-inch plus 600kg/hm of cake fertilizer for top dressing application of the 4 th time2200kg/hm of calcium superphosphate2150kg/hm potassium sulfate2。
Preferably, in S3.1, the mass ratio of the carbendazim wettable powder to the sesame seed dressing is 1-2: 25.
Preferably, in S3, the sesame topdressing process includes: every 90-100kg/hm is arranged in the middle of the groove between two ridges after the sesame buds2Applying urea, and spraying foliage fertilizer in full-bloom stage.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is one of 1% of urea solution, 0.3-0.4% of monopotassium phosphate solution and 0.1% of boron fertilizer.
Preferably, in S4, the disease and pest control of pinellia ternata specifically comprises:
one of thiophanate methyl wettable powder and ferrous sulfate root irrigation is used for preventing and treating root rot;
one of mancozeb wettable powder for preventing and treating leaf spot, prochloraz wettable powder, Bordeaux mixture, copper sulfate, lime and water mixed spray;
one of virus A400-time liquid spray, phytotoxicity emulsion 800-time liquid spray and 83-dose synergist for preventing and treating virus diseases;
one of efficient Bacillus thuringiensis pesticide, Avermectin missible oil and pyrethrin for preventing and controlling red moths.
Preferably, in S4, the seedling stage control is: before the seedling setting of sesame, selecting jinggangduoling, imidacloprid and deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate to spray and control sesame stem blight, wilt, leaf spot, virus diseases, aphid, cotton bollworm and beet armyworm;
the flowering phase control is as follows: the sesame uses stem blight, cotton bollworm and spodoptera exigua as main control objects, firstly, the suspension emulsion of the benzene methyl and azoxystrobin, the cyhalothrin emulsifiable solution and the imidacloprid are used for spray control, and after 7-10 days, one of tebuconazole wettable powder, triazolone wettable powder, emamectin benzoate and fenpropathrin emulsifiable solution is used for secondary spray control.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the invention, the sesame and the pinellia ternate are used for intercropping, so that the yield of the pinellia ternate is increased by 30.1kg per mu, the income per mu is increased by 376 yuan, the income of farmers is increased, meanwhile, the contradiction of insufficient sesame supply and demand in domestic markets is relieved, and the risk of yield reduction and even no harvest caused by the influence of adverse climate on single-crop sesame is reduced.
2. The pest control is mainly carried out in a persistent manner, the pest control principle is integrated, and the pest control and the field disease of the two crops can be simultaneously carried out according to the field disease and pest occurrence rule of the sesame and the pinellia ternata, so that the pest control and the field disease of the two crops can be carried out in a multiple-effect manner, the pesticide using times can be reduced, the cost and the labor can be saved, and the pollution of pesticides to the environment and agricultural products can be reduced.
3. The invention improves the multiple cropping index by utilizing the intercropping of the sesame and the pinellia ternate and effectively utilizes natural resources. After the pinellia ternate and the sesame are intercropped, the sesame stem leaves can shade the pinellia ternate which is fond of yin and afraid of strong light, the incidence rate of pinellia ternate diseases can be reduced, the total growth and photosynthesis duration of the pinellia ternate is increased, and the accumulation of pinellia ternate tuber congelation is improved.
4. The main ecological mechanism for the interplanting superiority generation of the inter-sesame and the pinellia ternata is ecological niche separation, and the ecological niches supplement and expand with each other on a time ecological niche and a space ecological niche, so that light and heat on the upper part of the ground and soil nutrients on the lower part of the ground are utilized to the maximum extent, the crop yield is increased, the crop quality is improved, meanwhile, the inter-planting can provide certain shading for the pinellia ternata which is shady and shaded, the seedling falling is relieved, the total growth and photosynthesis time of the pinellia ternata is prolonged, and the accumulation of tuber congenerates of the pinellia ternata is improved.
5. The plant type of the sesame and the pinellia ternata intercropping is high and low, ventilation and light transmission are realized, the complementation of nutrition requirements and space utilization can be realized, the natural occurrence rate of diseases, pests and weeds is reduced, and the risk that the yield is reduced or even the sesame is completely harvested because the single cropping is easily affected by bad weather is reduced.
6. The planting structure taking pinellia ternate as the main sesame as the auxiliary material obviously improves the utilization efficiency of natural resources such as light, heat, water, fertilizer and the like, lays a solid foundation for high yield and high efficiency, and is an effective way for solving the contradiction between the population and the land in China.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the invention is provided, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
the sesame and pinellia ternate intercropping and interplanting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds, preparing land,
seed selection: selecting tuber of rhizoma Pinelliae with diameter of 0.5-2.5cm and no mildew or damage as seed, and selecting single-pole sesame variety Zhou Zhi No. 12 with high yield, stable yield, disease resistance, stain resistance and lodging resistance;
land preparation: selecting loose soil, good irrigation and drainage conditions, moist and fertile sandy loam, weeding 3 days before planting, deeply turning the surface layer of the soil by 15cm, and applying decomposed farmyard manure 22.5t/hm2The pinellia ternate is used as a base fertilizer, pinellia ternate is planted in a ridging manner, the width of the ridge surface is 1m, the ridge height is 15cm, the ridge spacing is 35cm, drainage ditches with the width of 25cm and the depth of 20cm are dug at the periphery of a field block, and the drainage ditches are used for irrigation and drainage;
s2, planting pinellia ternate,
sowing pinellia ternata: soaking pinellia ternate stems for 1.5h by using 50% carbendazim 800-time solution before sowing, raising the air temperature at the bottom of 3 months in early spring, sowing when the average air temperature reaches 10 ℃, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 15cm, the plant spacing is 3cm, performing row sowing in ridges, the sowing depth is 5cm, arranging seeds in a 'pinking' shape, and compacting after covering soil;
and (3) pinellia ternate topdressing: topdressing for the 1 st time is carried out during seedling alignment, topdressing for the 2 nd time is carried out after the formation of bulbils, topdressing for the 3 rd time is carried out 28 days after the 2 nd time, and topdressing for the 4 th time is carried out 18 days after the 3 rd time;
the 1 st additional fertilization is carried out by mixing the human and animal excreta with 1:3 mixed fertilizer 1.2t// hm2；
The second additional fertilization is carried out by applying mixed fertilizer of human and animal manure water according to the ratio of 1:32t//hm2；
The soil miscellaneous fertilizer for the 3 rd top dressing is 1.2t// hm2；
400kg/hm of cake fertilizer for the No. 4 topdressing2Calcium superphosphate of 200kg/hm2150kg/hm potassium sulfate2；
Pinellia ternata intertillage weeding: after seeding and covering soil, performing shallow hoeing respectively after primary seedlings are completely grown, when the 1 st generation bulbils are formed and when the 2 nd generation bulbils are formed;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: the water content of the soil is kept at 20 percent;
s3, planting and topdressing sesame,
s3.1, sowing sesame seeds: carrying out seed drying 5 days before sowing sesame, carrying out seed drying for 2 days, carrying out seed dressing by using 25% carbendazim wettable powder after seed drying, uniformly stirring, carrying out air drying, carrying out drill sowing in the middle ten days of the 5 th month, and sowing in the half waist position of the south side of the 1.2m wide ridge;
the mass ratio of the carbendazim wettable powder to the sesame seed dressing is 1: 25;
s3.2, seedling setting among sesames: thinning the first time when 2 pairs of true leaves grow out of the sesame, thinning the seedlings, and fixing the seedlings when 4 th pair of true leaves grow out;
sesame topdressing: every 90kg/hm is in the middle of the groove between two ridges after the sesame buds2Dressing urea, and spraying a leaf fertilizer in the full-bloom stage;
the foliar fertilizer is 1% urea solution;
s4, respectively preventing and treating diseases and pests of pinellia ternate and sesame, then harvesting sesame in the middle and last 8 months, harvesting pinellia ternate in the last 9 months,
disease and pest control of pinellia ternata: after pinellia ternata seedlings emerge, 500 times of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate and 600 times of 65% mancozeb wettable powder are sprayed to prevent and control underground pests and root rot;
and (3) sesame pest control: before the final singling of sesame, spraying a solution with 800 times of 28 percent of jinggangduoling, a solution with 1000 times of 10 percent of imidacloprid and a solution with 1000 times of 2.5 percent of deltamethrin emulsifiable solution to prevent and control stem blight, black cutworm, wireworm, asparagus caterpillar, cotton bollworm, aphid and the like of sesame, and simultaneously treating leaf spot of pinellia ternata and red hawkmoth to prevent virus diseases of pinellia ternata; in the full-bloom stage of sesame, 32.5 percent of benzyl azoxystrobin suspension emulsion 400 times liquid, 2.5 percent of cyhalothrin emulsifiable 3000 times liquid and 10 percent of imidacloprid 1000 times liquid are sprayed to prevent and control stem blight, cotton bollworm, spodoptera exigua and aphid, and to control pinellia ternate leaf spot disease and insect pest; after 7d, spraying 25% tebuconazole wettable powder 500 times liquid, 5% methylamino abamectin 700 times liquid and 58% metalaxyl-manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid for the second time to prevent and control sesame stem blight, epidemic disease, cotton bollworm, asparagus caterpillar and aphid, simultaneously controlling pinellia ternata leaf spot, epidemic disease and insect pest, and removing and destroying sporadic mild disease plants found in the field in time;
harvesting the seeds,
in 15 days after 8 months, 15 days after the sesame flowers end, plants are changed from dark green to yellow or yellow green, the top of stems is green and yellow, seeds of lower capsules are fully mature, seed coats are in the inherent color of the variety, the middle capsules are filled with milk and are plump, the seeds of upper capsules enter the late stage of maturity, 2 capsules are slightly cracked at the lowest part, and the sesame is harvested;
and (4) after the pinellia ternate leaves are withered and yellow and naturally lodged for 20 days after 9 months, harvesting underground tubers, wherein when harvesting, the surface bulbels are picked up to be used as seed stems, and then the underground tubers are dug out to harvest the pinellia ternate.
Example 2:
the sesame and pinellia ternate intercropping and interplanting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds, preparing land,
seed selection: selecting tuber of rhizoma Pinelliae with diameter of 1.5cm, high yield, stable yield, disease resistance, stain resistance, and lodging resistance, and selecting single-stalk sesame variety Zhou Zhi No. 13;
land preparation: selecting loose soil, good irrigation and drainage conditions, moist and fertile sandy loam, weeding 4 days before planting, deeply turning the surface layer of the soil by 20cm, and applying 400kg/hm2Compound fertilizer (N: P: K is 15: 15) is used as base fertilizer, pinellia ternate is planted in ridges, the width of each ridge is 1.3m, the height of each ridge is 20cm, the distance between every two ridges is 40cm, drainage ditches are dug around a field block, the width of each drainage ditch is 30cm, and the depth of each drainage ditch is 25cm, and the drainage ditches are used for irrigation;
s2, planting pinellia ternate,
sowing pinellia ternata: soaking pinellia ternate stems for 1h by using 650-fold solution of 75% chlorothalonil before sowing, raising the air temperature in 3 months in early spring, sowing when the average air temperature reaches 20 ℃, wherein the row spacing of the sowing is 18cm, the plant spacing is 4.5cm, performing drill sowing in ridges, the sowing depth is 6.5cm, arranging seeds in a 'pinking' shape, and compacting after covering soil;
and (3) pinellia ternate topdressing: topdressing for the 1 st time is carried out during seedling alignment, topdressing for the 2 nd time is carried out after the formation of bulbils, topdressing for the 3 rd time is carried out 30 days after the 2 nd time, and topdressing for the 4 th time is carried out 20 days after the 3 rd time;
the 1 st top dressing is carried out by applying human and animal manure water according to the mixed fertilizer of 1.3t// hm of 1:3.52；
The second additional fertilization is carried out by applying 2.5t/hm of mixed fertilizer of human and animal manure water according to the ratio of 1:3.52；
The soil miscellaneous fertilizer for the 3 rd top dressing is 1.3t// hm2；
The cake fertilizer for the No. 4 topdressing is 500kg/hm2Calcium superphosphate 250kg/hm2170kg/hm potassium sulfate2；
Pinellia ternata intertillage weeding: after seeding and covering soil, performing shallow hoeing respectively after primary seedlings are completely grown, when the 1 st generation bulbils are formed and when the 2 nd generation bulbils are formed;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: the water content of the soil is kept at 28 percent;
s3, planting and topdressing sesame,
s3.1, sowing sesame seeds: carrying out seed drying 6 days before sowing sesame, carrying out seed drying for 3 days, carrying out seed dressing by using 25% carbendazim wettable powder after seed drying, carrying out uniform stirring, airing for later sowing, carrying out sesame seed drill in the middle ten days of the month 5, and sowing at the half waist positions on two sides of a 1.3m wide ridge;
the mass ratio of the carbendazim wettable powder to the sesame seed dressing is 1.5: 25;
s3.2, seedling setting among sesames: thinning the first time when 3 pairs of true leaves grow out of the sesame, thinning the seedlings, and fixing the seedlings when the 5 th pair of true leaves grow out;
sesame topdressing: every 95kg/hm is in the middle of the groove between two ridges after the sesame buds2Dressing urea, and spraying a leaf fertilizer in the full-bloom stage;
the foliar fertilizer is 0.3 percent of monopotassium phosphate solution;
s4, respectively preventing and treating diseases and pests of pinellia ternate and sesame, then harvesting sesame in the middle and last 8 months, harvesting pinellia ternate in the last 9 months,
disease and pest control of pinellia ternata: after pinellia ternata seedlings emerge, irrigating roots with 800 times of 50% phoxim emulsion and 700 times of 65% mancozeb wettable powder to prevent and control soil insects and root rot;
and (3) sesame pest control: before the final singling of sesame, a 900-time solution of 28 percent of jinggang-carbendazim, a 2000-time solution of 10 percent of imidacloprid and a 2000-time solution of 2.5 percent of deltamethrin missible oil are selected for spraying to prevent and control stem blight, black cutworms, wireworms, spodoptera exigua, cotton bollworms, aphids and the like of sesame, and simultaneously prevent and control leaf spot and red hawkmoth of pinellia ternata and prevent virus diseases of pinellia ternata;
in the full-bloom stage of sesame, 32.5 percent of benzyl azoxystrobin suspension emulsion 400 times liquid, 2.5 percent of cyhalothrin emulsifiable 3000 times liquid and 10 percent of imidacloprid 2000 times liquid are sprayed to prevent and control stem blight, cotton bollworm, spodoptera exigua and aphid, and to control pinellia ternate leaf spot disease and insect pest;
after 10 days, spraying 500 times of solution of 25% tebuconazole wettable powder, 800 times of 5% emamectin benzoate and 500 times of solution of 58% metalaxyl-manganese-zinc wettable powder for the second time to prevent and control sesame stem blight, epidemic disease, cotton bollworm, asparagus caterpillar and aphid, simultaneously treating pinellia ternate leaf spot disease, epidemic disease and insect pest, and removing and destroying sporadic mild disease plants found in the field in time;
harvesting the seeds,
in 18 days after 8 months, 20 days after the sesame flowers end, plants are changed from dark green to yellow or yellow green, the top of stems is green and yellow, seeds of lower capsules are fully mature, seed coats are in the inherent color of the variety, the middle capsules are filled with milk and are plump, the seeds of upper capsules enter the late stage of maturity, 2 capsules are slightly cracked at the lowest part, and the sesame is harvested at the moment;
and (4) after the pinellia ternate leaves are withered and yellow and naturally lodged for 25 days after 9 months, harvesting underground tubers, wherein when harvesting, the surface bulbels are picked up to be used as seed stems, and then the underground tubers are dug out to harvest the pinellia ternate.
Example 3:
the sesame and pinellia ternate intercropping and interplanting method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting seeds, preparing land,
seed selection: selecting tuber of rhizoma Pinelliae with diameter of 1.5cm and no mildew or damage as seed, and selecting single-stalk sesame with high yield, stable yield, disease resistance, stain resistance and lodging resistance, wherein the variety week is 10J 5;
land preparation: selecting loose soil, good irrigation and drainage conditions, moist and fertile sandy loam, weeding 5 days before planting, deeply turning the surface layer of the soil by 25cm, and thoroughly decomposing farmyard manure by 30t/hm2Making base fertilizer, ridging pinellia ternata for planting, wherein the width of a ridge surface is 1.5m, the ridge height is 25cm, the ridge interval is 40cm, drainage ditches are dug at the periphery of a field block, the width is 35cm, the depth is 30cm, and the pinellia ternata is used for irrigation and drainage;
s2, planting pinellia ternate,
sowing pinellia ternata: soaking pinellia ternate seed stems with 5% plant ash solution for 2.5h before sowing, wherein the air temperature rises again in the beginning of 4 months, sowing is carried out when the average air temperature reaches 25 ℃, the row spacing of sowing is 20cm, the plant spacing is 6cm, strip sowing is carried out in ridges, the sowing depth is 8cm, seed placing is carried out in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin', and pressing is carried out after covering soil;
and (3) pinellia ternate topdressing: topdressing for the 1 st time is carried out during seedling alignment, topdressing for the 2 nd time is carried out after the formation of bulbils, topdressing for the 3 rd time is carried out 32 days after the 2 nd time, and topdressing for the 4 th time is carried out 22 days after the 3 rd time;
the 1 st top dressing is carried out by applying human and animal manure water according to the ratio of 1:4, and the mixed fertilizer is 1.5t// hm2；
The second additional fertilization is carried out by applying human and animal manure water according to the ratio of 1:4, namely 3t// hm mixed fertilizer2；
The soil miscellaneous fertilizer for the 3 rd top dressing is 1.5t// hm2；
The cake fertilizer for the No. 4 topdressing is 600kg/hm2Calcium superphosphate 300kg/hm2200kg/hm of potassium sulfate2；
Pinellia ternata intertillage weeding: after seeding and covering soil, performing shallow hoeing respectively after primary seedlings are completely grown, when the 1 st generation bulbils are formed and when the 2 nd generation bulbils are formed;
and (3) water and fertilizer management: the water content of the soil is kept at 35 percent;
s3, planting and topdressing sesame,
s3.1, sowing sesame seeds: carrying out sun-seeding 7 days before sowing sesame, sun-seeding 3 days, mixing seeds with 25% carbendazim wettable powder after sun-seeding, air-drying for sowing after uniformly stirring, carrying out sesame drill sowing in the middle ten days of the month 5, and sowing at the half waist positions on both sides of a 1m wide ridge;
the mass ratio of the carbendazim wettable powder to the sesame seed dressing is 2: 25;
s3.2, seedling setting among sesames: thinning the first time when 3 pairs of true leaves grow out of the sesame, thinning the seedlings, and fixing the seedlings when the 5 th pair of true leaves grow out;
sesame topdressing: every 100kg/hm is in the middle of the groove between two ridges after the sesame buds2Dressing urea, and spraying a leaf fertilizer in the full-bloom stage;
the foliar fertilizer is 0.1 percent of boron fertilizer;
s4, respectively preventing and treating diseases and pests of pinellia ternate and sesame, then harvesting sesame in the middle and last 8 months, harvesting pinellia ternate in the last 9 months,
disease and pest control of pinellia ternata: after pinellia ternata seedlings emerge, irrigating roots with 1000 times of 50% phoxim emulsion and 800 times of 65% mancozeb wettable powder to prevent and control underground pests and root rot;
and (3) sesame pest control: before the final singling of sesame, a solution with 1000 times of 28 percent of jinggangduoling, a solution with 2500 times of 10 percent of imidacloprid and a solution with 3000 times of 2.5 percent of deltamethrin missible oil are selected for spraying to prevent and control stem blight, black cutworm, wireworm, asparagus caterpillar, cotton bollworm, aphid and the like of sesame, and simultaneously prevent and control leaf spot and red hawkmoth of pinellia tuber and virus disease of pinellia tuber;
in the full-bloom stage of sesame, 32.5 percent of benzyl azoxystrobin suspension emulsion 400 times, 2.5 percent of cyhalothrin emulsifiable 3000 times and 10 percent of imidacloprid 2500 times are sprayed to prevent and control stem blight, cotton bollworm, spodoptera exigua and aphid, and to control pinellia ternate leaf spot disease and insect pest;
after 10 days, spraying 25% tebuconazole wettable powder 500 times liquid, 5% methylamino abamectin 800 times liquid and 58% metalaxyl-manganese zinc wettable powder 500 times liquid for the second time to prevent and control sesame stem blight, epidemic disease, cotton bollworm, beet armyworm and aphid, simultaneously treating pinellia ternate leaf spot, epidemic disease and insect pest, and removing and destroying sporadic mild disease plants found in the field in time;
harvesting the seeds,
in 22 days after 8 months, 20 days after the sesame flowers end, plants are changed from dark green to yellow or yellow green, the top of stems is green and yellow, seeds of lower capsules are fully mature, seed coats are in the inherent color of the variety, the middle capsules are filled with milk and are plump, the seeds of upper capsules enter the late stage of maturity, 2 capsules are slightly cracked at the lowest part, and the sesame is harvested at the moment;
and (4) harvesting underground tubers after the pinellia ternate leaves are withered and yellow and naturally lodging in 28 days of 9 months, wherein in the harvesting process, the ground surface bulbels are picked up to be used as seed stems, and then the underground tubers are dug out to harvest the pinellia ternate.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 is essentially the same procedure as example 1, except that: no intercropping of sesame and pinellia ternate is used, and pinellia ternate is singly planted.
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 is essentially the same procedure as example 1, except that: sesame is singly planted without intercropping of sesame and pinellia ternata.
A sampling investigation was conducted to investigate the difference in yield and the incidence of major diseases, as represented by example 1, in comparison with comparative examples 1-2.
Harvesting sesame seeds in 8 months and 15 days, sampling in each cell according to a 5-point sampling method, selecting 10 plants in each point, investigating main agronomic characters, yield characters and main disease incidence rate by dividing plants, weighing 10 plants, calculating the weight of each plant, and measuring the cell yield after harvesting.
Pinellia ternate is collected in 20 days after 9 months, 60 pinellia ternate grains are randomly sampled at each point according to a 5-point sampling method, the diameter of seed stems and the fresh weight of single seed stems are measured, the yield of a cell is measured, and the incidence rate of main diseases is investigated.
Data were counted using Microsoft Office Excel 2007, and SPSS17.0 was subjected to the sample mean difference t test.
TABLE 1 influence of different planting patterns on main diseases of sesame and pinellia ternata
As can be seen from table 1: the inter-cropping of the sesame and the pinellia ternata can shade the pinellia ternata, and compared with the single cropping of the pinellia ternata, the incidence rates of root rot, leaf spot and epidemic diseases are relatively low; and 5 points of each cell at the final flowering stage of the sesame are sampled to investigate diseases, 10 plants are planted at each point, stem blight and blight do not occur in the interplanting of the single sesame and the single sesame, and the incidence rate of diseases of leaves of the single sesame is lower in the interplanting of the single sesame and the single sesame.
TABLE 2 influence of different planting patterns on the yield of sesame and pinellia ternata
As can be seen from table 2: compared with the pinellia ternate single cropping, the yield difference of the pinellia ternate is not obvious, and 30.1kg of sesame is increased per mu.
TABLE 3 influence of different planting patterns on main properties of sesame and pinellia ternata
From table 3 it can be seen that: compared with the pinellia ternate single cropping, the sesame-pinellia ternate intercropping has no obvious difference in the aspects of the diameter of the seed ball, the fresh weight of the seed ball and the yield of the pinellia ternate; compared with the single sesame crop, the sesame pinellia ternata intercropping has the advantages that the difference of the main agronomic characters such as plant height, capsule height, hollow tip and the like is not obvious, and the difference of the yield characters such as single capsule number, single capsule grain number, thousand grain weight, single plant weight and the like is also not obvious.
As can be seen from tables 1-3, the advantages of the intercropping of the sesames and the pinellia ternata are obvious, so that resources such as light, heat, water, fertilizer and the like are fully utilized, the sesames can also provide a certain shading effect for the pinellia ternata, the incidence rate of the root rot, the leaf spot and the epidemic disease of the pinellia ternata can be effectively reduced, and the yield is not different from that of the single cropping of the pinellia ternata; the sesame growth ventilation light transmittance is good, the side row advantage is obvious, the leaf disease at the later stage is light, 30.1kg of sesame is increased per mu under the condition that the pinellia ternate yield is not influenced, the income is increased by 376 yuan per mu according to the market price of 12.5 yuan/kg, and the economic benefit is obviously improved.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. The sesame and pinellia ternate intercropping and interplanting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, selecting seeds, preparing land,
seed selection: selecting tuber of pinellia ternata with diameter of 0.5-2.5cm, no mildew or damage, and selecting single-stalk sesame with high yield, stable yield, disease resistance, stain resistance and lodging resistance;
land preparation: selecting loose, well-irrigated and moist sandy loam, weeding 3-5 days before planting, deeply turning the surface layer of the soil by 15-25cm, applying base fertilizer, ridging pinellia ternata, and digging drainage ditches with the width of 25-35cm and the depth of 20-30cm around the field;
s2, planting pinellia ternate,
soaking pinellia ternate seed stems for 1.5-2.5h before sowing, in early spring at the bottom of 3 months and in the beginning of 4 months, sowing can be carried out when the average temperature reaches 10-25 ℃, the sowing row spacing is 15-20cm, the plant spacing is 3-6cm, drilling is carried out on ridges, the sowing depth is 5-8cm, seed placing is carried out in a 'Ping' shape, and pressing is carried out after covering soil;
after seeding, pinellia ternata topdressing, intertillage weeding and water and fertilizer management are carried out;
s3, planting and topdressing sesame,
s3.1, sowing sesame seeds: sun-seeding sesame 5-7 days before sowing, mixing seeds with 25% carbendazim wettable powder 2-3 days after sun-seeding, uniformly stirring, air-drying, sowing sesame 5 in the middle of the month, drilling sesame, and sowing at the half waist positions on two sides of a 1-1.5m wide ridge;
s3.2, seedling setting among sesames: thinning the sesame for the first time when 2-3 pairs of true leaves grow out, thinning the seedlings, and fixing the seedlings when 4-5 pairs of true leaves grow out, wherein the plant spacing is 15-20 cm;
after planting, performing sesame additional fertilizer;
s4, respectively carrying out pest control on the pinellia ternate and the sesame, then harvesting the sesame in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, and harvesting the pinellia ternate in the last 9 months.
2. The method for interplanting sesame and pinellia ternate according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the base fertilizer is one of a decomposed farmyard manure and a compound fertilizer.
3. The method for interplanting sesame and pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 2, wherein the application amount of the decomposed farmyard manure is 22.5-30t/hm2；
The compound fertilizer is N: P: K of 15: 15, and the application amount is 375-one and 450kg/hm2。
4. The method for interplanting sesame and pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, ridges are formed so that the ridge width is 1-1.5m, the ridge height is 15-25cm, and the ridge spacing is 35-45 cm.
5. The method for interplanting sesame and pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S2, the pinellia ternata topdressing process comprises the following steps: topdressing for the 1 st time is carried out during seedling alignment, topdressing for the 2 nd time is carried out after the formation of bulbils, topdressing for the 3 rd time is carried out 28-32 days after the 2 nd time, and topdressing for the 4 th time is carried out 18-22 days after the 3 rd time;
the 1 st top dressing is carried out by applying human and animal manure water according to the proportion of 1:3-4, and the mixed fertilizer is 1.2-1.5t// hm2；
The second additional fertilization is carried out by applying 2-3t// hm of mixed fertilizer of human and animal manure according to the ratio of 1:3-42；
The soil miscellaneous fertilizer applied in the 3 rd time of additional fertilization is 1.2 to 1.5t// hm2；
400-inch plus 600kg/hm of cake fertilizer for top dressing application of the 4 th time2200kg/hm of calcium superphosphate2Sulfur, sulfurPotassium 150-2。
6. The method for interplanting sesame and pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3.1, the mass ratio of the carbendazim wettable powder to the sesame seeds in seed dressing is 1-2: 25.
7. The method for interplanting sesame and pinellia ternata as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S3, the sesame top dressing process comprises the following steps: every 90-100kg/hm is arranged in the middle of the groove between two ridges after the sesame buds2Applying urea, and spraying foliage fertilizer in full-bloom stage.
8. The method for intercropping sesame and pinellia ternate as claimed in claim 7, wherein the foliar fertilizer is one of 1% of urea solution, 0.3-0.4% of monopotassium phosphate solution and 0.1% of boron fertilizer.
9. The sesame and pinellia ternate intercropping method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the disease and pest control of pinellia ternate is specifically as follows:
one of thiophanate methyl wettable powder and ferrous sulfate root irrigation is used for preventing and treating root rot;
one of mancozeb wettable powder for preventing and treating leaf spot, prochloraz wettable powder, Bordeaux mixture, copper sulfate, lime and water mixed spray;
one of virus A400-time liquid spray, phytotoxicity emulsion 800-time liquid spray and 83-dose synergist for preventing and treating virus diseases;
one of efficient Bacillus thuringiensis pesticide, Avermectin missible oil and pyrethrin for preventing and controlling red moths.
10. The sesame and pinellia ternate intercropping method according to claim 1, wherein in S4, the seedling stage control is as follows: before the seedling setting of sesame, selecting jinggangduoling, imidacloprid and deltamethrin emulsifiable concentrate to spray and control sesame stem blight, wilt, leaf spot, virus diseases, aphid, cotton bollworm and beet armyworm;
the flowering phase control is as follows: the sesame uses stem blight, cotton bollworm and spodoptera exigua as main control objects, firstly, the suspension emulsion of the benzene methyl and azoxystrobin, the cyhalothrin emulsifiable solution and the imidacloprid are used for spray control, and after 7-10 days, one of tebuconazole wettable powder, triazolone wettable powder, emamectin benzoate and fenpropathrin emulsifiable solution is used for secondary spray control.
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