CN114208600A - Artificial cultivation method of agriophyllum squarrosum - Google Patents
Artificial cultivation method of agriophyllum squarrosum Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an artificial cultivation method of suaeda salsa, belonging to the technical field of plant cultivation, and the artificial cultivation method comprises the following steps: soaking the seeds of the salicornia mongolica by ethephon; sowing ethephon pretreated seeds in the last ten days of the Yangtze calendar 4 to the middle ten days of the Yangtze calendar 5; the seeding density is 500-1000 g/mu. The invention adopts ethephon to soak the seepweed seeds to promote the seepweed seeds to germinate. According to the method, the agriophyllum squarrosum is sown in the last ten days of the solar calendar 4 to the middle ten days of the solar calendar 5, and the conditions of moisture and temperature in the period are proper, so that the seedling emergence of the agriophyllum squarrosum is facilitated. In addition, the sowing density adopted by the invention is reasonable, which is beneficial to stable and high yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum. The invention establishes an artificial standardized planting method of the agriophyllum squarrosum, explores the cultivation mode of the agriophyllum squarrosum under the condition of artificial control, provides important technical support for germplasm resource protection, ecological construction and reasonable development and utilization of the agriophyllum squarrosum, and provides technical support for cultivating new economic growth points.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to an artificial cultivation method of agriophyllum squarrosum.
Background
Salicornia bigelovii (L.) Moq) is an annual herbaceous plant of Salicornia of Chenopodiaceae, is a special sandy plant in arid and semiarid desert regions, and is commonly used in low-lying areas, moving dunes and semifixed sand areas between dunes, especially loose sand areas with sufficient water conditions. The agriophyllum squarrosum has strong drought resistance, cold resistance, saline-alkali resistance, barren resistance, wind erosion resistance, sand burying resistance, persistent vitality, short breeding period, high photosynthetic efficiency, high breeding speed, strong adaptability to severe environments such as wind and sand and the like, and plays an important role in promoting the succession of vegetation in sandy land, so the agriophyllum squarrosum is known as 'sand fixation pioneer'.
The sarcandra glauca is rich in various nutrient components, high in protein content and low in fat content, and is a weight-losing food with comprehensive nutrition; the sweet potato flour is rich in various amino acids and mineral elements necessary for human bodies, meets the modern green and healthy dietary standards, and is also made into sweet potato seeds, sweet potato noodles, sweet potato bean jelly, sweet potato dessert, sweet potato rice, sweet potato mutton noodles, sweet potato turning planes and other delicious foods by people in sandy areas. The herba Salicornia Herbacea also contains flavone, triterpene, steroid, alkaloid, coumarin, etc., and has effects of resisting oxidation, resisting diabetes and reducing blood lipid. Mongolian doctors believe that the sarcandra has the effects of dispelling epidemic, clearing heat, detoxifying, promoting urination and the like, and the sarcandra is used for treating pestilence, headache, red eyes, jaundice, kidney heat, burning pain of urethra, stomach Heyi, mouth and tongue sores, gum ulceration and other symptoms by using the decoction powder or pill powder. Salicornia bigelovii is also an excellent feeding plant, and camels, goats and sheep prefer to eat tender stems and leaves.
The sources of the agriophyllum squarrosum are wild resources, and with the increasing demand of the market for the agriophyllum squarrosum, the artificial harvesting amount is increased year by year, the wild resources and the ecological environment of the wild resources are damaged, and at present, an artificial cultivation method for the agriophyllum squarrosum is lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an artificial cultivation method for agriophyllum squarrosum, which successfully realizes artificial planting of agriophyllum squarrosum.
The invention provides an artificial cultivation method of agriophyllum squarrosum, which comprises the following steps:
soaking the suaeda salsa seeds by using a vinyl solution to obtain pretreated seeds; the molar concentration of the ethephon solution is 200-500 mu M; the seed soaking time is 12-24 hours;
seeding the pretreated seed; the sowing density is 500-1000 g/mu; the sowing time is from 4 late ten days of the solar calendar to 5 middle ten days of the solar calendar.
Preferably, the sowing is drill sowing.
Preferably, the sowing density is 600-800 g/mu.
Preferably, before the sowing, the method further comprises the step of applying a base fertilizer; the base fertilizer comprises a compound fertilizer.
Preferably, the compound fertilizer comprises a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer; at N, P2O5And K2And O, the mass ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potash fertilizer is 1: (0.3-0.5): (0.5 to 0.7).
Preferably, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 180-270 kg/hectare calculated by pure nitrogen.
Preferably, the artificial cultivation method further comprises controlling ant damage.
Preferably, the controlling of ant damage comprises killing by an enemy; the application mode of the enemy killing comprises spraying or soil-mixing broadcasting.
Preferably, the artificial cultivation method further comprises the step of harvesting the agriophyllum squarrosum, wherein the harvesting time of the agriophyllum squarrosum is 10 middle and last days of the month.
The invention provides an artificial cultivation method of agriophyllum squarrosum, which comprises the following steps: soaking the suaeda salsa seeds by using a vinyl solution to obtain pretreated seeds; sowing the pretreated seeds in the last ten days of the Yangtze calendar 4 to the middle ten days of the Yangtze calendar 5; the seeding density is 500-1000 g/mu. The invention adopts the ethephon solution to soak the suaeda salsa seeds to promote the germination of the suaeda salsa seeds. According to the method, the agriophyllum squarrosum is sown in the last ten days of the solar calendar 4 to the middle ten days of the solar calendar 5, and the conditions of moisture and temperature in the period are proper, so that the seedling emergence of the agriophyllum squarrosum is facilitated. In addition, the sowing density adopted by the invention is reasonable, which is beneficial to stable and high yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum. Through verification, the plant height, the crown width, the stem branch number, the fruit ear length and the single plant yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum planted by the artificial cultivation method are all remarkably higher than those of the wild agriophyllum squarrosum, the agronomic character variation coefficient of the agriophyllum squarrosum is larger, and particularly the crown width and the single plant yield variation coefficient reaches 34.88% and 41.84%, so that the biomass and the yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum can be effectively improved by the artificial cultivation method. The invention establishes an artificial standardized planting method of the agriophyllum squarrosum, explores the cultivation mode of the agriophyllum squarrosum under the condition of artificial control, provides important technical support for germplasm resource protection, ecological construction and reasonable development and utilization of the agriophyllum squarrosum, and provides technical support for cultivating new economic growth points.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an artificial cultivation method of agriophyllum squarrosum, which comprises the following steps:
soaking the suaeda salsa seeds by using a vinyl solution to obtain pretreated seeds; the molar concentration of the ethephon solution is 200-500 mu M; the seed soaking time is 12-24 hours;
seeding the pretreated seed; the sowing density is 500-1000 g/mu; the sowing time is from 4 late ten days of the solar calendar to 5 middle ten days of the solar calendar.
Compared with other sowing periods in the middle ten days of 5 months, the seedling emergence period of the agriophyllum squarrosum is short, the plant height of the agriophyllum squarrosum, the crown width, the branch number of main stems, the single plant yield and the reduced yield are high.
In the present invention, the molar concentration of the ethephon solution is preferably 300. mu.M.
In the invention, the seeding is preferably drill seeding, and the row spacing is preferably 50-60 cm, more preferably 55 cm; the sowing depth is preferably 1.5-2 cm. In the specific implementation process of the invention, before seeding, ditching is carried out, after ditching, seeds and sandy soil are uniformly mixed and then uniformly spread into a ditch; the mass ratio of the seeds to the sandy soil is preferably 1: 20.
in the invention, the sowing density is preferably 600-800 g/mu. Under the condition of the density, the plant height and the yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum are high.
In the present invention, before the sowing, it is preferable to further include applying a base fertilizer; the invention adopts the preferable cultivation mode of one-time fertilization by taking the fertilizer in all growth periods as the base fertilizer; the application depth of the base fertilizer is preferably 10-20 cm, and more preferably 15 cm; the base fertilizer preferably comprises a compound fertilizer, and more preferably, the base fertilizer also comprises an organic fertilizer. The fertilization principle conforms to the regulation of NY/T496. In the invention, the compound fertilizer preferably comprises a nitrogenous fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer; at N, P2O5And K2And the mass ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is preferably 1: (0.3-0.5): (0.5 to 0.7). In the invention, the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is preferably 180-270 kg/hectare calculated by pure nitrogen.
In the invention, before the base fertilizer is applied, the method preferably further comprises plowing the land, wherein the plowing depth is preferably 18-20 cm.
In the present invention, the artificial cultivation method preferably further comprises controlling ant damage. In the invention, the pesticide is used according to the regulations of GB/T8321.10 and related bulletins of the national agricultural rural area.
In the present invention, the means for controlling the termite damage preferably includes applying a killer; the application mode of the enemy killing comprises spraying or soil-mixing broadcasting.
In the invention, when the killing rate is 25g/L of emulsifiable concentrate or microemulsion with the mass fraction of 2.5%, the application rate of the killing rate is preferably 40-50 mL/mu, and more preferably 45 mL/mu.
In the present invention, the artificial cultivation method preferably further comprises water management; the moisture management preferably comprises: in the stage of seedling emergence of the agriophyllum squarrosum, the humidity of seedling emergence soil is kept to be not lower than 30% of the field moisture capacity, and more preferably, the humidity of seedling emergence soil is kept to be not lower than the field moisture capacity40% of the water holding capacity. When the sowing is in dry weather or the relative water content of the soil is less than 40%, preferably, micro-spraying is carried out to resist drought and protect seedlings; the moisture management preferably further comprises irrigation; the irrigation time is preferably that the water temperature of the irrigation water is more than 10 ℃ after the sowing; the irrigation frequency is preferably 1 time per week, and the irrigation amount per time is preferably 7-8 m3Per mu.
In the present invention, the artificial cultivation method preferably further comprises weeding; the weeding time is preferably after the seedling emergence of the salicornia mongolica and in the seedling stage; after the sand fleshes out, the weeding mode is preferably shallow ploughing weeding, and the seedlings are preferably not damaged; intertillage weeding is carried out in the seedling stage; in the invention, no intertillage weeding is carried out after row sealing.
In the present invention, the artificial cultivation method preferably further comprises harvesting of agriophyllum squarrosum, wherein the harvesting time of the agriophyllum squarrosum is 10 middle and last days. In the invention, the preferable selection of the awning harvesting is carried out on sunny days; the preferable mode for harvesting the agriophyllum squarrosum comprises the steps of manually or mechanically harvesting stems and leaves; after the stem and leaf harvesting, the invention preferably also comprises the step of carrying out manual or mechanical threshing on the harvested stem and leaf in a ventilated and shady place, and preferably also comprises the step of removing impurities after the threshing.
After the harvested awnings are harvested, the harvested awnings are preferably packaged; the packaging bag adopted by the packaging is preferably a woven bag which is pollution-free, breakage-free and meets the national standard of grain transportation packaging pieces.
After the harvested awning is packaged, the method preferably further comprises the step of storing the awning; the storage environment is preferably an aerated, dry, shady, flat, clean and light-resistant environment; the storage environment is preferably provided with rat-proof measures, storage and transportation tools, transportation channels and fire-fighting, safety and dust-proof facilities; the storage temperature is preferably less than or equal to 30 ℃; preferably, the storage method comprises the steps of defining a warehouse position, placing a finished product stacking rack, paving wooden grid plates on the ground, and placing the wooden grid plates in layers; the storage process can not be mixed with toxic and harmful substances, medicinal materials and the like for storage; the storage period is regularly checked, and the insects and the mildew are prevented.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1
1.1 tillage of land
And (4) timely ploughing according to soil moisture and weather conditions, wherein the ploughing depth before sowing is 18-20 cm.
1.2 Fertilizer application
1.2.1 application rates
The fertilizer application is based on the principle of taking a high-quality compound fertilizer as a main part and taking an organic fertilizer as an auxiliary part. The fertilization principle conforms to the regulation of NY/T496. Generally, 180-270 kg/hectare of pure nitrogen can be applied to the field with medium fertility in the whole growth period according to the ratio of N to P2O5:K2O1: 0.3:0.5 to N: P2O5:K2O is in the ratio range of 1:0.5: 0.7.
1.2.2 modes of administration
The cultivation method adopts the fertilizer in all growth periods as the base fertilizer and adopts one-time fertilization. The base fertilizer is deeply applied for 10-20 cm at one time before sowing, so that the base fertilizer and the seeds are prevented from being simultaneously applied to the soil surface, and no covering and pressing operation is performed.
2 sowing
2.1 sowing time
Sowing seeds from the first ten days of 5 months to the middle ten days of 5 months, wherein the seeds are pretreated by 300 mu M ethephon for 12 hours before sowing.
2.2 sowing quantity
The sowing and sowing quantity range in spring is 9-10 kg/hectare, and the sowing and sowing quantity range in autumn is 12-13 kg/hectare.
2.3 depth of sowing
The sowing depth is 1.5-2.0 cm.
2.4 sowing mode
Preferably adopt the mode of drilling, the row spacing is 50 ~ 60cm, after ditching, with seed and sand with 1: 20, and uniformly scattering the mixture into a ditch after uniformly mixing.
3 pest control
The pesticide use conforms to the GB/T8321.10 and the related bulletin of the national agricultural rural area. And (3) not finding pest and disease damage in the growing period of the agriophyllum squarrosum, and generating ant damage before seedling emergence after sowing, wherein 40-50 mL of microemulsion with the mass fraction of 2.5% is used for each 667 square meters by adopting enemy killing spray or soil mixing broadcast application.
4 field management
4.1 moisture management
The humidity of the soil for seedling emergence of the agriophyllum squarrosum is not lower than 40% of the field moisture capacity; in case of dry climate, it should not be 30% lower; when the relative water content of the soil is below 40 percent, drought resistance and seedling protection are carried out.
4.2 weeding
After the seedlings of the agriophyllum squarrosum emerge, shallow ploughing and weeding are carried out in time, and the seedlings are not damaged. And (5) carrying out intertillage weeding in due time at the seedling stage, and not carrying out intertillage weeding any more after row sealing.
5 harvesting
5.1 time to harvest
Collected in the middle and last ten days of 10 months.
5.2 harvesting method
The stems and leaves are manually or mechanically cut off in sunny days. Placing the harvested stems and leaves in a ventilated and shady place for artificial or mechanical threshing, and removing impurities after threshing.
6 packaging
The woven bags which are pollution-free, damage-free and meet the national food transport package standard are selected for packaging.
7 storage
7.1 storage Environment
Ventilating, drying, cooling in shade and protecting from light in the warehouse, and taking measures of preventing rats from rushing out; the storage is neat, the ground is seamless, and the storage is easy to clean; has perfect fire-fighting, safety and dust-proof facilities, storage and transportation tools and transportation channels, and the room temperature does not exceed 30 ℃.
7.2 storage method
And (4) defining a warehouse, placing a finished product stacking rack, paving a wooden grid plate on the ground, and placing the wooden grid plate in layers. It should not be mixed with toxic and harmful materials and medicinal materials for storage.
7.3 storage management
Periodically checking during storage period, and preventing insect and mildew.
Test examples
1.1 methods
1.1.1 experimental design the experiment was designed using random block,
(1) setting 4 seeding densities as A1: 250 g/mu, A2: 500 g/mu, A3: 800 g/mu, A4: 1 kg/mu, A5: 1.5 kg/mu, the seeding row spacing is 50cm, the seeding time is 5 months and 14 days, and 450kg/hm of compound fertilizer is applied2The experiment was repeated 3 times for a total of 4 treatments, and 12 cells.
(2) Let 4 sowing periods be Q1: 25 days 4 month, Q2: 10 days 5 month, Q3: 5, month and 25, Q4: three fertilization types of no fertilization, compound fertilizer and organic fertilizer are set in 10 days in 6 months, and the application amount of the compound fertilizer (N: P: K: 15%: 15%: 15%) is 450kg/hm2The application amount of the organic fertilizer is 4.5 tons/hm2. The seeding row spacing is 50cm, the seeding rate is 800 g/mu, the test is carried out for 4 treatments, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, and the total number is 12 cells. Each cell is 13m long and 8m wide, and the cell area is 104m2. The test adopts drill seeding, and the planting mode adopts open-air cultivation.
1.1.2 pretreatment of seeds Suaeda salsa seeds were pretreated with 300. mu.M ethephon for 12 h.
1.1.3 after field management and soil preparation, base fertilizer is applied, deltamethrin is sprayed before sowing to remove ants, water is irrigated in time after sowing, weeding is carried out in time after seedling emergence, and during the test period, the main insect pest in the seedling stage is ants through field investigation, and no diseases occur in the whole growth period.
1.1.4 items and methods the data of the wild agriophyllum squarrosum is in the sand of the Ningxia yellow sand ancient crossing and the new riverside region. The artificially planted awning is planted in a sedan mountain forest farm in Ningxia county in Ningxia. After sowing, investigating the growth process of each treatment, randomly and continuously selecting 10 plants in each cell in the mature period, and measuring the plant height, the crown width, the branch number of the main stem, the pod number of each plant, the yield of each plant, the biomass of each plant and the yield. And (4) harvesting in a district after sampling, threshing, airing, weighing, and converting the yield per unit area. Data are the average of 3 replicates.
1.1.5 data analysis data were statistically analyzed using Excel 2013 software.
2 analysis of results
2.1 Performance of the wild and artificially planted Salicornia Herbacea
From the original data of the properties of 3 replicates of 4 treatments, the minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation of each property were calculated (table 1).
TABLE 1 Salicornia Bigelivii major trait characterization
As can be seen from Table 1, the plant height, the crown width, the branch number of the main stem, the ear length and the single plant yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum under the artificial planting condition are all remarkably higher than those of the wild agriophyllum squarrosum, the variation coefficient of the agronomic characters of the agriophyllum squarrosum is larger, and particularly the variation coefficients of the crown width and the single plant yield reach 34.88 percent and 41.84 percent, which indicates that the agronomic characters of the agriophyllum squarrosum are greatly influenced by the environmental conditions, so that the biomass and the yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum can be effectively improved under the proper planting condition, and the agriophyllum squarrosum has the domestication property.
2.2 Effect of sowing time and fertilization type on agronomy and yield of Salicornia bigelovii
TABLE 2 statistical table of different treatment of sargassum
As can be seen from Table 2: the emergence period of the agriophyllum squarrosum is 5-6 months, the sowing is carried out for 14 days in 5 months, the emergence period of the agriophyllum squarrosum is 7 days at the shortest, the sowing is carried out for 10 days in 4 months, the emergence period of the agriophyllum squarrosum can reach 24 days at the longest, and the rest growth periods are in the same period without obvious difference. Proper temperature and humidity are needed for the germination of the seeds of the agriophyllum squarrosum, the emergence period of the agriophyllum squarrosum after the seeds are sowed in 10 days in 4 months is longer, and the emergence speed of the agriophyllum squarrosum after the seeds are sowed in 30 days in 5 months is slow due to large field evaporation capacity and insufficient moisture absorption. The sown agriophyllum squarrosum in different periods starts reproductive growth at the early stage of 8 months, and has slow vegetative growth, low plant height and small crown amplitude increase. As can be seen from Table 3, the plant height, crown width, stem branch number, yield per plant and reduced yield of Salicornia Herbacea exhibited a tendency of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase in the sowing period. Under the conditions of different sowing periods, the differences of the plant height and the crown width of the agriophyllum squarrosum are obvious, the sowing is carried out in 14 days in 5 months, the plant height, the crown width, the branch number of main stems, the single plant yield and the reduced yield are all the highest, the yield can reach 51.94kg, and the sowing period is obviously longer than 10 days in 4 months. In the same sowing period, the plant height, the crown width, the branch number of main stems, the single plant yield and the reduced yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum under the condition of applying the compound fertilizer are obviously higher than those of the agriophyllum squarrosum without applying the fertilizer. The plant height and the canopy width are the plant morphology indexes of the agriophyllum squarrosum, the plant body height and the canopy width are large, the growth and the development of the plant are strong, the formation of the biological yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum is greatly influenced, and an effective material basis is provided for the formation of the later-period yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum.
2.3 Effect of planting Density on Agriophyllum squarrosum agronomic traits and yield
The proper planting density is beneficial to the coordinated growth of the population and the individual, the utilization rate of the population on environmental resources is improved to the maximum extent, and the planting density has certain influence on the biomass accumulation of the agriophyllum squarrosum (Table 3). The difference of the biomass of the agriophyllum squarrosum is obvious among different planting densities, and the plant height, the crown width and the main stem branch number of the agriophyllum squarrosum are all reduced along with the increase of the planting densities; the yield of each plant is gradually reduced along with the increase of the planting density, and the yield is reduced after the yield is increased. When the planting density is too high, the yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum is not coordinated with the seeding quantity. When the density of the sown sand roof is low, the canopy width is large, the illumination is sufficient, and the yield of a single plant is high. When the sowing density is 800 g/mu, the plant height of the agriophyllum squarrosum is the largest, reaches 140cm, the yield per mu is the highest, reaches 51.94kg, and is obviously higher than the rest sowing densities. When the seeding rate is 250 g/mu, the yield of the crown breadth and the single plant is obviously larger than the rest seeding rate.
TABLE 3 Effect of planting Density on Agriophyllum squarrosum agronomic traits and yield
From the experiences of domestication of crops such as quinoa, beet and the like, the domestication of Chenopodiaceae plants has feasibility, meanwhile, the agriophyllum squarrosum grows in arid and semiarid desert zones, does not occupy the existing cultivated land, adapts to severe growth environment by the unique characteristics of the agriophyllum squarrosum, has lower sensitivity to climate change and higher seed nutritive value, is a potential grain crop under the background of coping with global climate warming and grain yield reduction, and brings huge economic and ecological benefits by domesticating the agriophyllum squarrosum. The research contrasts and analyzes the main agronomic characters of the wild agriophyllum squarrosum and the artificially planted agriophyllum squarrosum, under the artificial condition, the agronomic characters of the agriophyllum squarrosum, such as the plant height, the canopy width, the single plant yield and the like, have obvious difference compared with the wild agriophyllum squarrosum, the variation coefficient is large, and the agronomic characters can be changed through artificial planting.
The selection of the sowing period directly influences the agronomic characters and the yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum, and the different sowing periods cause obvious differences of various growth stages of the agriophyllum squarrosum, such as stages from sowing to seedling emergence, seedling emergence to fructification and the like, under the influence of the air temperature, the air humidity, the soil water content and the climatic period of the agriophyllum squarrosum under the environmental conditions, and the differences are main factors causing the different yields of the agriophyllum squarrosum. Therefore, the proper sowing period is selected, so that the agriophyllum squarrosum can grow under the proper climatic environment conditions, and higher yield can be obtained. From the test results, it can be seen that the effect of the fertilization type, the sowing time and the interaction of the two on the yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum reaches an extremely significant level. The yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum sowed in 5-month and 14-day sowing is obviously higher than the average yield in the rest sowing periods, the yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum sowed in 4-month and 10-day sowing is the lowest, and the emergence period is the longest. The yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum applied with the compound fertilizer is the highest and is obviously higher than the average yield under the condition of no fertilization, and meanwhile, the application of the compound fertilizer can also promote the emergence of the agriophyllum squarrosum and shorten the emergence period of the agriophyllum squarrosum. Besides the sowing time, the sowing quantity can also influence the yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum, and the reasonable sowing quantity can achieve the purpose of improving the yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum. The yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum can be increased along with the increase of the seeding quantity within a certain seeding quantity range, and if the seeding quantity exceeds the specific seeding quantity range, the yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum can be reduced. Under the test condition, in order to obtain high-yield and stable-yield cultivation, sowing is carried out at a proper time, the temperature of 15 ℃ is required for the germination of the suaeda salsa seeds, sowing is carried out in the last ten days of 5 months according to the characteristics of test land climate and the like, the sowing density is 500-1 kg/mu, and a proper amount of compound fertilizer is applied. The growth and development of the agriophyllum squarrosum are carried out on the basis of certain vegetative growth, are greatly influenced by the environment and the like, particularly the temperature and the humidity, and are heat-resistant and drought-resistant plants, and the emergence of seedlings of the agriophyllum squarrosum can be promoted by proper temperature and moisture in the seedling emergence period. The method is suitable for a dry environment in the full bloom period of the suaeda salsa, and is beneficial to pollination of the suaeda salsa, if pollination is insufficient in the rainy days, the blight rate is increased. Therefore, in actual production, an appropriate sowing period is selected according to the climate conditions of the area to adjust the relationship between the growing period of the agriophyllum squarrosum and the external environment, so that the agriophyllum squarrosum can meet the conditions of temperature, light, water, fertilizer and the like required by the growth of the cucurbita pepo to the maximum extent in each growing period to obtain the maximum growth.
2.4 Effect of different fertilization levels on the yield and quality of Sago
Method
The test was performed between 5 months and 10 months in 2020. Sowing with drill method, the sowing quantity of the row spacing of 50cm is 7.5kg/hm2And 5, sowing in 25 days in 5 months, spraying deltamethrin to remove ants before sowing, treating seeds for 12 hours by using 300uM ethephon, and adopting the same field management mode and a micro-spraying irrigation mode. The fertilization is base fertilizer application, 10 fertilization treatments are arranged in total, and are respectively (1) nitrogen fertilizer test: the contrast is set as no fertilization treatment, the nitrogen fertilizer is set as 4 treatments, and the nitrogen application amount is respectively N1: 75kg/hm2、N2：150kg/hm2、N3：225kg/hm2、N4：300kg/hm2(ii) a (2) Phosphate fertilizer test: the phosphorus application amounts are respectively P1: 75kg/hm2、P2：150kg/hm2、P3：225kg/hm2、P4：300kg/hm2. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, and the groups were randomly arranged, for a total of 30 cells, with a row spacing of 2m for different cells, and the peduncles were punched.
1.2.2 data acquisition
After the sowing of the sand rice, the growth period of each treatment is investigated, 10 plants are selected at random and continuously in each cell in the full-bloom period and the mature period respectively, and the plant height, the crown width, the branch number of the main stem, the length of the fruit cluster, the thousand seed weight, the single plant yield and the per mu yield are examined. And (4) harvesting in a district after sampling, threshing, airing, weighing, and converting the yield per unit area. Data are the average of 3 replicates.
1.2.3 data analysis
Excel2010 and SPSS17.0 are adopted for data processing and analysis, a Pearson correlation analysis method is selected for difference significance analysis, an input method is adopted for regression analysis simulation, and sample verification is carried out through a residual probability map analysis method.
2. Results and analysis
2.1 Effect of different fertilization treatments on agronomy traits of Salicornia canescens
The growth conditions of the plant height, the crown width, the branch number of main stems, the length of fruit clusters and the like of the agriophyllum squarrosum under different fertilization levels are investigated and analyzed (Table 4), the table 4 shows that the plant height of the agriophyllum squarrosum shows a trend of increasing firstly and then decreasing along with the increase of the nitrogen application amount, and the nitrogen application amount is 150kg/hm2When the plant height reaches 143cm, the crown width shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with the increase of nitrogen application amount, the branch number of the main stem also shows a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application amount, the length of the fruit cluster shows a trend of increasing with the increase of nitrogen application amount, and the nitrogen application amount is 300kg/hm2The maximum value of the length of the cluster is 2.48cm, which is obviously higher than that of the treatment with the nitrogen application amount of 0. The emergence rate also shows a trend of increasing with the increase of the nitrogen application amount, so that the canopy width shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing with the increase of the nitrogen application amount, and the branch number of the main stem increases with the increase of the plant height. Therefore, the nitrogen element has a large influence on the biomass of the agriophyllum squarrosum, and the biomass of the agriophyllum squarrosum is reduced due to nitrogen deficiency. With the increase of phosphorus application amount, the plant height, the crown breadth and the main stem branch number have no obvious change trend, and the phosphorus application amount is 225kg/hm2When the fertilizer is applied, the plant height and the branch number of the main stem are maximum values and are obviously greater than that of the treatment with the application amount of 0 of phosphate fertilizer, compared with the application of nitrogen fertilizer, the plant height is obviously reduced, and the branch number of the main stem is also obviously reduced. The length of the cluster shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing along with the increase of the phosphorus application amount, and the phosphorus application amount is 225kg/hm2When the length of the cluster is the maximum value, the length reaches 2.46cm, and the nitrogen application amount is 300kg/hm2The fruit ears are consistent in length.
TABLE 4 Agriopathy analysis of Saxaglia under different fertilization conditions
Note: different lower case letters in the same column indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level (P < 0.05), and different upper case letters indicate very significant difference at the 0.01 level (P < 0.01).
2.2 Effect of different fertilization treatments on the yield of Sago
After the agriophyllum squarrosum is mature, the thousand grain weight, the single plant yield and the community yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum are subjected to statistical analysis, and as can be seen from table 5, the thousand grain weight and the single plant yield of the agriophyllum squarrosum are increased along with the increase of the fertilizing amount, and the nitrogen fertilizer applying amount is 150kg/hm2The thousand-grain weight can reach 1.55g, the single-plant yield can reach 59.59g, the thousand-grain weight of the agriophyllum squarrosum is increased after the phosphate fertilizer is applied, and the phosphate fertilizer is applied by 300kg/hm2The thousand seed weight can reach 1.70g at most, and the single plant yield can reach 69.78 g. As can be seen from the table, after fertilization, the thousand-grain weight of the agriophyllum squarrosum is increased, but the difference is not obvious, the application of phosphate fertilizer promotes the fructification of the agriophyllum squarrosum, the yield of a single plant is increased, and the application of the phosphate fertilizer is 300kg/hm2The yield per plant was significantly higher than the control.
TABLE 5 analysis of Saxad yield under different fertilization conditions
Note: different lower case letters in the same column indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level (P < 0.05), and different upper case letters indicate very significant difference at the 0.01 level (P < 0.01).
2.3 Effect of different fertilization treatments on the quality of Sago
The content of the water, the soluble sugar, the starch and the crude protein of the agriophyllum squarrosum under different fertilizing conditions is detected, the result is shown in table 6, the water of the seeds is increased along with the increase of the phosphorus applying amount, and when the phosphorus applying amount is 300kg/hm2The water content is 8.64% at most, the content of soluble sugar increases with the increase of phosphorus application amount and can reach 27.95mg/g at most, the content of starch increases and then decreases with the increase of phosphorus application amount, and when the phosphorus application amount is 225kg/hm2At the same time, the starch content can reach 448.44mg/g, significantly higher than control; and the content of crude sargladesr protein is reduced along with the increase of the phosphorus application amount. The water content of the Salicornia bigelovii Torr seed tends to increase and then decrease along with the increase of nitrogen application amount, the content of soluble sugar decreases along with the increase of nitrogen application amount, the content of crude protein increases along with the increase of nitrogen application amount, and the nitrogen application amount is 300kg/hm2When the content is higher than that of the control, the content of the crude sargladesh protein reaches 23.44 percent.
TABLE 6 analysis of the nutrient content of Salicornia bigelovii under different fertilization conditions
Note: different lower case letters in the same column indicate significant difference at the 0.05 level (P < 0.05), and different upper case letters indicate very significant difference at the 0.01 level (P < 0.01).
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An artificial cultivation method of agriophyllum squarrosum comprises the following steps:
soaking the suaeda salsa seeds by using a vinyl solution to obtain pretreated seeds; the molar concentration of the ethephon solution is 200-500 mu M; the seed soaking time is 12-24 hours;
seeding the pretreated seed; the sowing density is 500-1000 g/mu; the sowing time is from 4 late ten days of the solar calendar to 5 middle ten days of the solar calendar.
2. The artificial cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing is drill sowing.
3. The artificial cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the density of the sowed seeds is 600-800 g/mu.
4. The artificial cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising applying a base fertilizer before the sowing; the base fertilizer comprises a compound fertilizer.
5. The artificial cultivation method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the compound fertilizer comprises nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer; at N, P2O5And K2And O, the mass ratio of the nitrogenous fertilizer to the phosphate fertilizer to the potash fertilizer is 1: (0.3-0.5): (0.5 to 0.7).
6. The artificial cultivation method according to claim 5, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in an amount of 180 to 270 kg/ha in terms of pure nitrogen.
7. The artificial cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, further comprising controlling ant damage.
8. The artificial cultivation method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the controlling of the ant damage includes applying an enemy kill; the application mode of the enemy killing comprises spraying or soil-mixing broadcasting.
9. The artificial cultivation method according to claim 1, further comprising harvesting of the agriophyllum squarrosum for a period of 10 mid-late months.
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| CN103999594A (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2014-08-27 | 兰州大学 | Method for economically and quickly breaking dormancy of sand rice seeds and accelerating sand rice seeds to germinate |
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