CN111617956A

CN111617956A - Kitchen garbage preliminary treatment one-level breaker

Info

Publication number: CN111617956A
Application number: CN202010446487.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱青
Original assignee: Guorun Environmental Engineering Changzhou Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guorun Environmental Engineering Changzhou Co Ltd
Priority date: 2020-05-25
Filing date: 2020-05-25
Publication date: 2020-09-04

Abstract

The invention relates to a kitchen waste pretreatment primary crusher which comprises a rack, wherein a feeding chamber and a separation chamber communicated with the feeding chamber are arranged on the rack, a feeding hole is formed in the top of the feeding chamber, a filter screen cylinder is arranged in the separation chamber, and a screening screen cylinder coaxially penetrates through the filter screen cylinder; the screening net cylinder is rotationally connected with the separation chamber, and one end of the screening net cylinder, which is close to the feeding chamber, is rotationally connected with the feeding chamber; stirring shafts are coaxially arranged in the feeding chamber and the screening net cylinder in a penetrating way; the outer side wall of the stirring shaft in the feeding chamber is provided with a feeding screw, and the outer side wall of the stirring shaft in the screening net cylinder is provided with a stirring crushing assembly; the outer side wall of the screening net cylinder in the filter net cylinder is also provided with a plurality of material leaking holes in a penetrating way, and a filter cavity is formed between the outer side wall of the screening net cylinder and the inner side wall of the filter net cylinder; the outer side wall of the screening net barrel is also connected with a plurality of first stirring scrapers in the filter cavity. The invention has the effects of carrying out solid-liquid separation on the kitchen waste and crushing and screening the kitchen waste.

Description

Kitchen garbage preliminary treatment one-level breaker

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to a primary crusher for kitchen waste pretreatment.

Background

The kitchen waste has wide sources, including household kitchens, restaurants and other industries related to food processing, and mainly comprises various food residues such as husks, vegetables, animal bones, leftovers, pastries and the like. Meanwhile, as the garbage is not strictly classified, the kitchen garbage also comprises plastic products for packaging, such as beverage bottles, seasoning bottles, packaging bags and the like, and can also comprise some metal material glass materials. Common practices for the disposal of kitchen waste include landfilling, incineration and biological fermentation.

However, plastic products, metal materials and glass materials cannot be utilized in the biological fermentation process, and the materials are easy to transmit and wind, impact and the like to the whole production line equipment. Therefore, before biological fermentation of the kitchen waste, a certain screening is firstly required to remove most of plastic products, metal materials and glass materials. In addition, since the kitchen waste is generally in a solid-liquid mixed state and contains a large amount of water, salt, grease, and the like, it is not suitable for direct incineration of the kitchen waste, and if the kitchen waste is directly buried, leachate generated from the kitchen waste pollutes soil and water sources, so that it is necessary to perform solid-liquid separation treatment before incineration or burying of the waste to obtain dry residue of the kitchen waste.

The existing process for pretreating kitchen waste generally comprises crushing, screening, solid-liquid separation and the like, and each process needs a corresponding treatment device to treat the kitchen waste, so that the treatment process is time-consuming and labor-consuming, the occupied area of the device is too large, and the treatment cost of the kitchen waste is undoubtedly increased.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a kitchen waste crusher capable of simultaneously performing crushing, screening and solid-liquid separation on kitchen waste.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions: a primary crusher for kitchen waste pretreatment comprises a rack, wherein a feeding chamber and a separation chamber communicated with the feeding chamber are arranged on the rack, a feeding hole is formed in the top of the feeding chamber, a filter screen cylinder is arranged in the separation chamber, and a screening screen cylinder coaxially penetrates through the filter screen cylinder; the screening net cylinder is rotatably connected with the separation chamber, and one end of the screening net cylinder, which is close to the feeding chamber, is rotatably connected with the feeding chamber; a stirring shaft is coaxially arranged in the feeding chamber and the screening net cylinder in a penetrating manner, and a first driving motor for driving the stirring shaft to rotate is arranged on the rack; the outer side wall of the stirring shaft in the feeding chamber is provided with a feeding screw, and the outer side wall of the stirring shaft in the screening net barrel is provided with a stirring and crushing component for crushing kitchen waste; the outer side wall of the screening net barrel in the filter net barrel is also provided with a plurality of material leaking holes in a penetrating way, and a filter cavity is formed between the outer side wall of the screening net barrel and the inner side wall of the filter net barrel; the outer side wall of the screening net barrel is also connected with a plurality of first stirring scrapers used for stirring and conveying kitchen garbage in the filter cavity; the separation chamber bottom still communicates there is the liquid chamber, the one end of keeping away from the feed chamber at a screening net section of thick bamboo in the frame still is provided with the first ejection of compact room with a screening net section of thick bamboo intercommunication, still be provided with the second ejection of compact room with a filter screen section of thick bamboo intercommunication in the frame.

By adopting the technical scheme, kitchen waste is added into the feeding chamber from the feeding port, and is moved into the screening net barrel under the pushing of the feeding screw; food residues, fruit peels and the like in the kitchen waste are broken by the stirring and crushing assembly in the screening net cylinder, and the broken kitchen waste passes through the material leakage holes in the side wall of the screening net cylinder and enters the filtering net cylinder under the action of centrifugal force; the garbage which is not easy to break, such as metal, plastic and the like in the kitchen garbage cannot pass through the material leakage hole and is conveyed to the first discharging hole to be discharged, so that the screening of the garbage which is not easy to degrade in the kitchen garbage is realized; the first stirring scraper on the outer side wall of the screening net cylinder is used for stirring the kitchen garbage entering the filtering net cylinder, so that garbage filtrate in the filtering net cylinder passes through the filtering gap of the filtering net cylinder under the action of centrifugal force and enters the liquid outlet chamber below the separation chamber; the dry kitchen waste residue cannot pass through the filtering gap and is conveyed to the second discharging chamber by the first stirring scraper blade to be discharged, so that solid-liquid separation of the kitchen waste is realized.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the stirring and crushing assembly comprises a plurality of mounting pieces fixedly sleeved on the stirring shaft, and the mounting pieces are connected with crushing blades; a crushing cavity is formed between the edge of the crushing blade far away from the mounting piece and the inner wall of the screening net barrel; a second stirring scraper is arranged between the crushing blades on the two adjacent mounting pieces and is arranged in the crushing cavity; still be provided with a plurality of first broken teeth on the inner wall of a screening net section of thick bamboo, the second stirring scraper blade is kept away from and is provided with a plurality of broken teeth of second on the edge of broken blade, be provided with the passageway that supplies a first broken tooth to pass between two adjacent broken teeth of second on the second stirring scraper blade.

By adopting the technical scheme, the kitchen waste enters the screening net barrel and can move into the crushing cavity under the action of centrifugal force; the second stirring scraper blade drives the kitchen waste to rotate, the rotation directions of the screening net cylinder and the stirring shaft are opposite, and the first crushing teeth penetrate through the channels between the second crushing teeth in the rotating process; the first crushing teeth and the second crushing teeth are used for impacting, shearing and crushing kitchen waste; the kitchen waste collides the inner wall of a screening net section of thick bamboo and first broken tooth can take place to bounce-back to take place the striking with broken blade, broken blade is broken kitchen waste once more, can produce better crushing effect to kitchen waste like this, with this quality that improves the screening.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the second stirring scraper is hinged with two adjacent crushing blades.

By adopting the technical scheme, when the second stirring scraper touches hard garbage such as metal or ceramic, the second stirring scraper can rotate towards the direction of the stirring shaft, so that the hard garbage can pass through the second stirring scraper; therefore, hard garbage such as metal, ceramic and the like in the kitchen garbage can be prevented from being clamped between the first crushing tooth and the second crushing tooth, so that the crushing teeth are abraded and even equipment can stop rotating; meanwhile, the particle sizes of impurities such as ceramics, glass and the like can be prevented from being too small to be crushed, so that the impurities can penetrate through the material leakage holes, and the screening effect can be reduced.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: each mounting piece is connected with four crushing blades which are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the mounting piece; each second stirring scraper is obliquely arranged at an angle of 10' 15 degrees with the axis of the stirring shaft, and the second stirring scrapers between the mounting pieces form four helical stirring structures respectively in the axial direction of the stirring shaft.

By adopting the technical scheme, the second stirring scraper plate can also play a role in conveying kitchen waste, and pushes the kitchen waste to the first discharging chamber; the kitchen waste is crushed in the conveying process, and then the metal, ceramic and other waste which cannot pass through the material leakage hole is conveyed to the first discharging chamber to be discharged.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the outer side wall of the screening net cylinder between the feeding chamber and the separating chamber is provided with a gear ring, and the rack is also provided with a gear driving mechanism which is matched with the gear ring to drive the screening net cylinder to rotate; in the separation chamber, one end of the filter screen cylinder, which is close to the feeding chamber, is connected with a vertically arranged first partition plate, and a second discharging chamber is formed between the first partition plate and one end face of the separation chamber, which is close to the feeding chamber; the first partition plate is provided with a first material conveying port with the same diameter as the filter screen cylinder; and the bottom of the second discharging chamber is communicated with a second discharging pipe.

By adopting the technical scheme, the gear driving mechanism drives the screening net cylinder to rotate, and the rotation direction of the screening net cylinder is opposite to that of the stirring shaft; because the granularity of the kitchen waste which just enters the separation chamber is larger, less kitchen waste enters the filter screen cylinder from the material leakage hole close to one end of the feeding chamber, and more kitchen waste enters the filter screen cylinder from the material leakage hole close to one end of the first discharging chamber; therefore, the second discharging chamber is arranged at one end of the separating chamber close to the feeding chamber, and then the first stirring scraper drives the kitchen waste in the filter screen cylinder to move towards the second discharging chamber, so that the kitchen waste can stay in the filter screen cylinder for a long enough time to perform sufficient solid-liquid separation treatment on the kitchen waste.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: a second partition plate is vertically arranged at one end, close to the first discharging chamber, in the separation chamber, and the second partition plate is abutted against the filter screen cylinder; a second material conveying port with the same diameter as the screening net cylinder is formed in the second partition plate, and the screening net cylinder is communicated with the second material conveying port; the bottom of the first discharging chamber is communicated with a first discharging pipe.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, rubbish such as metal that can not pass the hole that leaks and plastics enters into first play feed chamber from the second material transmission mouth at last, then discharges from first discharging pipe.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: and discharging packing augers are arranged in the first discharging pipe and the second discharging pipe.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, through set up ejection of compact auger in first discharging pipe and second discharging pipe, can prevent the jam of discharging pipe, make the ejection of compact more unobstructed rapidly.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured to: the top of first ejection of compact room, second ejection of compact room and separation chamber all articulates there is the glass observation window.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, in the processing procedure, the staff can observe the processing situation of rubbish from cooking through the observation window, can also wash second ejection of compact room, separation chamber and first ejection of compact indoor portion from the observation window department.

In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. through the arrangement of the screening net barrel, the stirring and crushing component, the filter net barrel and the first stirring scraper plate, the effects of performing solid-liquid separation on kitchen garbage and screening out the garbage which is difficult to degrade in the kitchen garbage can be achieved;

2. the kitchen waste can be fully crushed by the arrangement of the crushing blade, the first crushing teeth, the second stirring scraper and the second crushing teeth;

3. through setting up the second ejection of compact room in the separation chamber be close to the one end of feed chamber, can play and carry out abundant solid-liquid separation's effect to rubbish from cooking.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an overall structure of the crusher for kitchen garbage;

FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view showing the entire structure of the crusher for kitchen garbage;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an inner structure of a separation chamber of the crusher for kitchen garbage;

figure 4 is a schematic view of a filter screen cartridge and screen cartridge configuration;

figure 5 is a schematic view of a screen cylinder configuration;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a stirrer shaft configuration;

fig. 7 is a schematic view of the configuration of the agitator crushing assembly.

In the figure, 1, a frame; 2. a feed chamber; 21. a feed inlet; 3. a feed screw; 4. a separation chamber; 5. a filter screen cylinder; 6. screening the net barrel; 61. a material leaking hole; 62. a first crushing tooth; 63. a first stirring scraper; 64. a ring gear; 7. mounting a sheet; 71. crushing the blade; 72. a second stirring scraper; 721. a second crushing tooth; 8. a first separator; 9. a second discharge chamber; 91. a second discharge pipe; 10. a second separator; 11. a first discharging chamber; 111. a first discharge pipe; 12. discharging auger; 13. a liquid outlet chamber; 14. a glass viewing window.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1, the primary crusher for kitchen waste pretreatment disclosed by the invention comprises a frame 1; referring to fig. 2, the frame 1 is provided with a feeding chamber 2 and a separating chamber 4 communicated with the feeding chamber 2, and a feeding port 21 is formed at the top of the feeding chamber 2. A filter screen cylinder 5 is arranged in the separation chamber 4, and a screening screen cylinder 6 coaxially penetrates through the filter screen cylinder 5; the screening net cylinder 6 is rotatably connected with the separation chamber 4, and one end of the screening net cylinder 6, which is close to the feeding chamber 2, is rotatably connected with the feeding chamber 2. The bottom of the separation chamber 4 is also communicated with a liquid outlet chamber 13, and one end of the separation chamber 4 far away from the feeding chamber 2 is also communicated with a first discharging chamber 11. One end of the separation chamber 4 close to the first discharging chamber 11 is provided with a vertical second partition plate 10, and the second partition plate 10 separates the separation chamber 4 from the first discharging chamber 11. The second partition plate 10 is abutted against the filter screen cylinder 5, a second material conveying port is further formed in the second partition plate 10, and one end, close to the first discharging chamber 11, of the screening screen cylinder 6 is communicated with the second material conveying port and is rotatably connected into the second material conveying port. In the separation chamber 4, one end of the filter screen cylinder 5 close to the feeding chamber 2 is connected with a vertically arranged first partition plate 8, and a second discharging chamber 9 is formed between the first partition plate 8 and one end face of the separation chamber 4 close to the feeding chamber 2; the first partition plate 8 is provided with a first material conveying opening with the same diameter as the filter screen cylinder 5, and one end of the filter screen cylinder 5 close to the second discharging chamber 9 is communicated with the first material conveying opening.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a stirring shaft coaxially penetrates through the feeding chamber 2 and the screening net cylinder 6, a first driving motor for driving the stirring shaft to rotate is further mounted at one end, close to the feeding chamber 2, of the rack 1, a shaft seat is further fixed at one end, close to the first discharging chamber 11, of the rack 1, and one end, close to the first discharging chamber 11, of the stirring shaft is rotatably connected with the shaft seat. The screening net cylinder 6 is provided with a gear ring 64 on the outer side wall between the feeding chamber 2 and the separating chamber 4, and the frame 1 is also provided with a gear driving mechanism which is matched with the gear ring 64 to drive the screening net cylinder 6 to rotate.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4, a feeding screw 3 is arranged on the outer side wall of the stirring shaft in the feeding chamber 2, and a stirring and crushing assembly for crushing kitchen waste is arranged on the outer side wall of the stirring shaft in the sieving screen cylinder 6. The stirring crushing assembly comprises a plurality of mounting pieces 7 fixedly sleeved on the stirring shaft, wherein the mounting pieces 7 are connected with four crushing blades 71, and the four crushing blades 71 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the mounting pieces 7. A crushing cavity is formed between the edge of the crushing blade 71 far away from the mounting piece 7 and the inner wall of the screening net cylinder 6; referring to fig. 6, a second stirring scraper 72 is hinged between four groups of crushing blades 71 on two adjacent mounting pieces 7, and the second stirring scraper 72 is arranged in the crushing cavity; referring to fig. 5, a plurality of first crushing teeth 62 are also fixed to the inner wall of the screen cylinder 6. Referring to fig. 7, a plurality of second crushing teeth 721 are fixed on an edge of the second stirring scraper 72 away from the crushing blade 71, and a channel for passing one first crushing tooth 62 is arranged between two adjacent second crushing teeth 721 on the second stirring scraper 72. Every second stirring scraper 72 all is 10' 15 degree angle slope settings with the axis of (mixing) shaft, and in the (mixing) shaft axis direction, second stirring scraper 72 between the installation piece 7 forms four helical stirring structures respectively, can play the transport effect to the rubbish from cooking like this.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, a plurality of material leaking holes 61 are further formed in the outer side wall of the screening net drum 6, which is located in the filtering net drum 5, in a penetrating manner, and a filtering cavity is formed between the outer side wall of the screening net drum 6 and the inner side wall of the filtering net drum 5; the outer side wall of the screening net barrel 6 is also connected with a plurality of first stirring scrapers 63 for stirring and conveying kitchen garbage in the filter cavity.

Referring to fig. 2, the bottom of the first discharging chamber 11 is communicated with a first discharging pipe 111, the bottom of the second discharging chamber 9 is communicated with a second discharging pipe 91, and discharging packing augers 12 for fast discharging are arranged in the first discharging pipe 111 and the second discharging pipe 91. The tops of the first discharging chamber 11, the second discharging chamber 9 and the separating chamber 4 are all hinged with glass observation windows 14.

The implementation principle of the embodiment is as follows: adding the kitchen waste into the feeding chamber 2 from the feeding hole 21, and moving the kitchen waste into the screening net cylinder 6 under the pushing of the feeding screw 3; food residues, fruit peels and the like in the kitchen waste are smashed by the stirring and smashing components in the sieving screen cylinder 6, and the smashed kitchen waste passes through the material leaking holes 61 in the side wall of the sieving screen cylinder 6 to enter the filtering screen cylinder 5 under the action of centrifugal force. The garbage which is not easy to break, such as metal, plastic and the like in the kitchen garbage cannot pass through the material leaking hole 61 and is conveyed to the first discharging hole to be discharged, so that the screening of the garbage which is not easy to degrade in the kitchen garbage is realized. The kitchen garbage entering the filter screen cylinder 5 is stirred by the first stirring scraper 63 on the outer side wall of the screen cylinder 6, so that garbage filtrate in the kitchen garbage passes through the filtering gap of the filter screen cylinder 5 to enter the liquid outlet chamber 13 below the separation chamber 4 under the action of centrifugal force; the dry kitchen waste residue cannot pass through the filtering gap and is conveyed to the second discharging chamber 9 by the first stirring scraper 63 to be discharged, so that the solid-liquid separation of the kitchen waste is realized.

The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a kitchen garbage preliminary treatment one-level breaker, includes frame (1), be provided with feed chamber (2) and with separation chamber (4) of feed chamber (2) intercommunication on frame (1), feed inlet (21), its characterized in that have been seted up at the top of feed chamber (2): a filter screen cylinder (5) is arranged in the separation chamber (4), and a screening screen cylinder (6) coaxially penetrates through the filter screen cylinder (5); the screening net cylinder (6) is rotatably connected with the separation chamber (4), and one end, close to the feeding chamber (2), of the screening net cylinder (6) is rotatably connected with the feeding chamber (2); a stirring shaft is coaxially arranged in the feeding chamber (2) and the screening net barrel (6) in a penetrating manner, and a first driving motor for driving the stirring shaft to rotate is arranged on the rack (1); the outer side wall of the stirring shaft in the feeding chamber (2) is provided with a feeding screw (3), and the outer side wall of the stirring shaft in the screening net barrel (6) is provided with a stirring and crushing component for crushing kitchen waste; the outer side wall of the screening net cylinder (6) in the filter net cylinder (5) is also provided with a plurality of material leaking holes (61) in a penetrating way, and a filter cavity is formed between the outer side wall of the screening net cylinder (6) and the inner side wall of the filter net cylinder (5); the outer side wall of the screening net barrel (6) is also connected with a plurality of first stirring scrapers (63) used for stirring and conveying kitchen waste in the filter cavity; the separation chamber (4) bottom still communicates out liquid chamber (13), the one end of keeping away from feed chamber (2) in screening net section of thick bamboo (6) still is provided with first ejection of compact room (11) with screening net section of thick bamboo (6) intercommunication in frame (1), still be provided with second ejection of compact room (9) with filter screen section of thick bamboo (5) intercommunication on frame (1).

2. The primary crusher for pretreatment of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the stirring and crushing assembly comprises a plurality of mounting pieces (7) fixedly sleeved on the stirring shaft, and crushing blades (71) are connected to the mounting pieces (7); a crushing cavity is formed between the edge of the crushing blade (71) far away from the mounting piece (7) and the inner wall of the screening net barrel (6); a second stirring scraper (72) is arranged between the crushing blades (71) on two adjacent mounting pieces (7), and the second stirring scraper (72) is arranged in the crushing cavity; still be provided with a plurality of first broken teeth (62) on the inner wall of screening net section of thick bamboo (6), second stirring scraper blade (72) are kept away from and are provided with a plurality of broken teeth (721) of second on the edge of crushing blade (71), be provided with the passageway that supplies a first broken tooth (62) to pass between two adjacent broken teeth (721) on second stirring scraper blade (72).

3. The primary crusher for pretreatment of kitchen waste according to claim 2, characterized in that: the second stirring scraper (72) is hinged with two adjacent crushing blades (71).

4. The primary crusher for pretreatment of kitchen waste according to claim 3, characterized in that: each mounting piece (7) is connected with four crushing blades (71), and the four crushing blades (71) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the mounting piece (7); each second stirring scraper (72) is obliquely arranged at an angle of 10' 15 degrees with the axis of the stirring shaft, and the second stirring scrapers (72) between the mounting pieces (7) form four helical stirring structures in the axial direction of the stirring shaft respectively.

5. The primary crusher for pretreatment of kitchen waste according to claim 4, characterized in that: the outer side wall of the screening net cylinder (6) between the feeding chamber (2) and the separating chamber (4) is provided with a gear ring (64), and the rack (1) is also provided with a gear driving mechanism which is matched with the gear ring (64) to drive the screening net cylinder (6) to rotate; in the separation chamber (4), one end of the filter screen cylinder (5) close to the feeding chamber (2) is connected with a vertically arranged first partition plate (8), and a second discharging chamber (9) is formed between the first partition plate (8) and one end face of the separation chamber (4) close to the feeding chamber (2); the first partition plate (8) is provided with a first material conveying port with the same diameter as the filter screen cylinder (5); the bottom of the second discharging chamber (9) is communicated with a second discharging pipe (91).

6. The primary crusher for pretreatment of kitchen waste according to claim 5, characterized in that: a second partition plate (10) is vertically arranged at one end, close to the first discharging chamber (11), in the separating chamber (4), and the second partition plate (10) is abutted against the filter screen cylinder (5); a second material conveying port with the same diameter as that of the screening net cylinder (6) is formed in the second partition plate (10), and the screening net cylinder (6) is communicated with the second material conveying port; the bottom of the first discharging chamber (11) is communicated with a first discharging pipe (111).

7. The primary crusher for pretreatment of kitchen waste according to claim 6, characterized in that: and discharging packing augers (12) are arranged in the first discharging pipe (111) and the second discharging pipe (91).

8. The primary crusher for pretreatment of kitchen waste according to claim 7, characterized in that: the tops of the first discharging chamber (11), the second discharging chamber (9) and the separating chamber (4) are hinged with glass observation windows (14).