CN111229778B - Rural household garbage treatment device and method - Google Patents
Rural household garbage treatment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111229778B CN111229778B CN202010046865.7A CN202010046865A CN111229778B CN 111229778 B CN111229778 B CN 111229778B CN 202010046865 A CN202010046865 A CN 202010046865A CN 111229778 B CN111229778 B CN 111229778B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/80—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving an extraction step
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
- B02C18/0092—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage for waste water or for garbage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/14—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with more than one separator
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/18—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy
- B02C23/40—Adding fluid, other than for crushing or disintegrating by fluid energy with more than one means for adding fluid to the material being crushed or disintegrated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C4/00—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills
- B02C4/02—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers
- B02C4/08—Crushing or disintegrating by roller mills with two or more rollers with co-operating corrugated or toothed crushing-rollers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
- B30B9/04—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams
- B30B9/06—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using press rams co-operating with permeable casings or strainers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention discloses a rural domestic garbage treatment device and a method, wherein the device comprises a feed hopper, a squeezing chamber, a liquid chamber, a sorting chamber, a crushing chamber and a composting chamber which are communicated in sequence; an extrusion plate is arranged in the extrusion chamber, the liquid chamber is communicated with the composting chamber through a liquid transfer pipe, a sorting rotating shaft is arranged in the sorting chamber, a plurality of groups of crushing rotating shaft groups are arranged in the crushing chamber, and a stirring shaft is arranged in the composting chamber; the method comprises the following steps: the domestic garbage mainly containing organic matters is obtained through preliminary sorting, and is subjected to extrusion, sorting and crushing in sequence, and then is subjected to aerobic composting treatment to form the crop fertilizer which can be reused. The invention realizes the recycling of resources and protects the environment by treating the rural domestic garbage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a treatment device and a treatment method, in particular to a rural domestic garbage treatment device and a rural domestic garbage treatment method.
Background
In the past, rural domestic garbage disposal modes are mainly that villagers dispose according to the principle of being nearby, and garbage is poured into open areas such as ditch edges, river edges, pond edges, roadside edges and the like at will, so that the garbage is piled up, the village appearance is influenced, and meanwhile, the living environment of people is also influenced; or the garbage is treated by burning, however, most of the rural domestic garbage is mainly organic matters such as food residues, paper scraps, plants or crops, and the organic matters are oxidized into gaseous matters and inorganic non-combustible matters under the conditions of high temperature and sufficient oxygen supply, so that the environment is seriously polluted, and the waste of resources is also caused. Therefore, there is a need to provide a rural domestic waste treatment device, which can fully utilize the organic substances in the rural domestic waste treatment device, realize the recycling of resources and reduce the harm to the environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the technology, the invention provides a rural domestic garbage treatment device and method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a rural domestic garbage treatment device comprises a feed hopper, a squeezing chamber, a liquid chamber, a sorting chamber, a crushing chamber and a composting chamber;
the feeding hopper is positioned above the extrusion chamber and communicated with the extrusion chamber, a dripping hole is formed in the bottom wall of the extrusion chamber, the liquid chamber is positioned below the extrusion chamber, and the liquid chamber is communicated with the extrusion chamber through the dripping hole;
the front side wall and the rear side wall of the extrusion chamber are symmetrically provided with extrusion plates which are connected with an extrusion motor; a pushing plate is arranged on the left side wall of the extrusion chamber and connected with a pushing motor, a feeding opening is formed in the right side wall of the extrusion chamber, a flashboard is arranged at the feeding opening, and the flashboard is connected with a hydraulic cylinder; a flashboard passing channel is formed in the right side wall of the extrusion chamber, and a piston of the hydraulic cylinder longitudinally passes through the flashboard passing channel and is fixedly connected with the flashboard;
the outer side of the feeding opening is fixedly connected with a feeding groove, the top wall of the sorting chamber is provided with a material receiving opening, and the feeding groove extends to the material receiving opening; a sorting rotating shaft is horizontally arranged in the sorting chamber along the left and right directions and is connected with a sorting motor; a garbage discharge port is also formed in the front side wall of the sorting chamber;
the crushing chamber is positioned below the sorting chamber, a first filter screen is arranged between the crushing chamber and the sorting chamber, and the first filter screen is communicated with the crushing chamber and the sorting chamber; a plurality of crushing rotating shaft groups are horizontally arranged in the crushing chamber along the front-back direction, one crushing rotating shaft group comprises two meshed crushing rotating shafts, and baffles are arranged on two sides of one crushing rotating shaft group; one end of the crushing rotating shaft is connected with a crushing motor, and the other end of the crushing rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a gear; a coarse material collecting door is arranged on the front side wall of the crushing chamber, the right side wall of the crushing chamber is communicated with a crushed material transfer pipe, a second filter screen is arranged in the crushed material transfer pipe, and the crushing chamber is communicated with the composting chamber through the crushed material transfer pipe;
the composting chamber is provided with a double-wall structure, a clamping cavity is formed by the double-wall structure, and an electric heater is arranged in the clamping cavity; the composting chamber is internally provided with a stirring shaft which is connected with a stirring motor, and is also communicated with a metering pump and an air blower, the metering pump is used for adding aerobic microorganisms for composting, and the air blower is used for introducing oxygen.
Further, the feeding groove is composed of a horizontal groove body and an inclined groove body which are welded into a whole, the horizontal groove body is fixedly connected with the extrusion chamber, and the inclined groove body is positioned at the material receiving opening.
Furthermore, a blocking plate is arranged at the middle position of the first filter screen, filter screen plates are symmetrically connected to two sides of the blocking plate, and the crushing rotating shaft is located below the filter screen plates.
Furthermore, the crushing rotating shaft is provided with a shaft body, the inside of the shaft body is hollow, a water spraying hole is further formed in the shaft body, and one end, connected with the gear, of the shaft body penetrates through the gear and is communicated with a water receiving nozzle.
Further, fixed enclosing on the axis body is equipped with crushing pinion rack, has seted up logical groove on the crushing pinion rack, and the hole for water spraying is located logical inslot.
Furthermore, the composting chamber is also communicated with a liquid transfer pipe, and the liquid transfer pipe is communicated with the liquid chamber.
Furthermore, the squeezing chamber and the liquid chamber are jointly arranged on the bracket.
Furthermore, the diameter of the dripping hole is not more than 15mm, the diameter of a sieve mesh of the filter screen plate of the first filter screen is 50-80mm, and the diameter of a sieve mesh of the second filter screen is 15-30 mm.
A working method of a rural domestic garbage treatment device specifically comprises the following steps: classifying all the garbage primarily, sending the obtained domestic garbage mainly containing organic matters into an extrusion chamber from a feed hopper, closing a flashboard, starting an extrusion motor, driving an extrusion plate to extrude the domestic garbage in the extrusion chamber by the extrusion motor, and dripping extruded liquid substances into a liquid chamber from a dripping hole;
after extrusion is finished, opening the flashboard, starting a material pushing motor, pushing the extruded household garbage into a material feeding groove from a material feeding opening by the material pushing motor, and feeding the household garbage into a sorting chamber from a material receiving opening by the material feeding groove; starting a sorting motor, driving a sorting rotating shaft to rotate by the sorting motor, preliminarily shearing soft household garbage into small-particle-size garbage under the centrifugal force generated by the sorting rotating shaft and the shearing action of sorting blades of the sorting rotating shaft, throwing the small-particle-size garbage onto the wall of a sorting chamber, and finally entering a crushing chamber through a first filter screen; hard household garbage with large particle size can not be cut and can not pass through the first filter screen, and the hard household garbage gradually moves to the right end under the action of axial thrust generated by the rotation of the sorting rotating shaft and is finally discharged from the garbage discharge port;
the soft garbage entering the crushing chamber is organic matter, falls to the crushing rotating shaft under the blocking action of the baffle, is fully crushed by the crushing rotating shaft, and after the crushing is finished, qualified soft garbage with the particle size meeting the composting requirement is screened out by the second filter screen, and enters the composting chamber through the crushed material transfer pipe 11; the coarse garbage with the particle size not meeting the compost requirement is collected in a centralized way at a coarse garbage collecting door and is sent into a feed hopper again;
the qualified soft garbage entering the composting chamber becomes fertilizer for crop planting after aerobic composting treatment.
The invention discloses a rural domestic garbage treatment device, which makes full use of organic substances in rural domestic garbage, and the organic substances are subjected to extrusion, separation and crushing treatment and then are subjected to composting treatment to form organic fertilizer for crop growth, so that the resource recycling is realized, the problem of environmental pollution caused by throwing or burning the traditional domestic garbage everywhere is also solved, and the rural domestic garbage treatment device is more beneficial to building better rural living environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall composition of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial schematic view of the internal structure of the compression chamber of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the feed chute of fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the first filter screen in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the pulverizing rotor shaft in fig. 1.
Fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure at a in fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a front view of the sorting and pulverizing chambers of fig. 1.
In the figure: 1. a feed hopper; 2. a pressing chamber; 21. a drip hole; 22. a pressing plate; 23. an extrusion motor; 24. a feed port; 25. a shutter plate; 26. a hydraulic cylinder; 27. a material pushing plate; 28. a material pushing motor; 3. a support; 4. a liquid chamber; 5. a feed chute; 51. a horizontal trough body; 52. an inclined trough body; 6. a sorting chamber; 61. opening the material receiving opening; 62. a sorting rotating shaft; 63. a sorting motor; 64. a trash discharge port; 7. a first filter screen; 71. a barrier plate; 72. a filter screen plate; 8. a crushing chamber; 81. a baffle plate; 82. a pulverizing rotor shaft; 83. a grinding motor; 84. a gear; 85. a water receiving nozzle; 86. a coarse material collection gate; 821. a shaft body; 822. a crushing toothed plate; 823. a through groove; 824. a water spray hole; 9. a composting chamber; 91. a clamp cavity; 92. an electric heater; 93. a stirring shaft; 94. a stirring motor; 95. a metering pump; 96. a blower; 10. a liquid transfer tube; 11. a crushed material transfer pipe; 12. no. two filter screens.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 shows a rural domestic waste treatment device, which comprises a feed hopper 1, a squeezing chamber 2, a liquid chamber 4, a sorting chamber 6, a crushing chamber 8 and a composting chamber 9;
wherein, the feed hopper 1 is positioned above the extrusion chamber 2 and communicated with the extrusion chamber 2, and the domestic garbage is more favorably conveyed into the extrusion chamber 2 through the feed hopper 1;
the squeezing chamber 2 mainly squeezes the household garbage, because the household garbage is preliminarily classified before being sent into the squeezing chamber 2, the household garbage entering the squeezing chamber 2 mainly takes kitchen garbage, crop residues, plant fallen leaves and the like as main materials, and therefore liquid substances such as grease, moisture and the like in the household garbage are squeezed down through the squeezing chamber 2, so that the viscosity of the household garbage is reduced, and the subsequent sorting operation is facilitated.
In order to realize the extrusion treatment of the household garbage, as shown in fig. 2, extrusion plates 22 are symmetrically installed at the front and rear side walls of the extrusion chamber 2, and the extrusion plates 22 are connected with an extrusion motor 23; thereby completing the extrusion of the domestic garbage through the front and rear extrusion plates 22; meanwhile, a dripping hole 21 is formed in the bottom wall of the extrusion chamber 2, the liquid chamber 4 is positioned below the extrusion chamber 2, and the liquid chamber 4 is communicated with the extrusion chamber 2 through the dripping hole 21, so that the extruded liquid substance can fall into the liquid chamber 4 through the dripping hole 21; usually, the diameter of the weep hole 21 is not more than 15mm, so that it is possible to prevent the non-liquid substance from falling into the liquid chamber 4 as much as possible;
the extruded household garbage needs to be sent to the next stage for treatment, as shown in fig. 1, a material pushing plate 27 is installed on the left side wall of the extrusion chamber 2, the material pushing plate 27 is connected with a material pushing motor 28, and a material feeding opening 24 is formed in the right side wall of the extrusion chamber 2, so that the household garbage is sent out from the material feeding opening 24 under the action of the material pushing plate 27; however, when the extrusion plate 22 is subjected to the extrusion operation, the extrusion chamber 2 needs to be in a closed state, and therefore, a gate plate 25 is provided at the feed opening 24, a hydraulic cylinder 26 is connected to the gate plate 25, a gate plate passage is formed in the right side wall of the extrusion chamber 2, a piston of the hydraulic cylinder 26 longitudinally passes through the gate plate passage and is fixedly connected to the gate plate 25, and thus, the gate plate 25 is pulled by the hydraulic cylinder 26 to move up and down in the feed opening 24 and the gate plate passage;
after the extrusion treatment of the extrusion chamber 2, the domestic garbage is continuously sent into the sorting chamber 6; as shown in fig. 1, a feeding chute 5 is fixedly connected to the outer side of the feeding opening 24, a material receiving opening 61 is formed in the top wall of the sorting chamber 6, and the feeding chute 5 extends to the material receiving opening 61, so that the domestic garbage is transported through the feeding chute 5, and the garbage in the extrusion chamber 2 is fed into the sorting chamber 6; the specific structure of the feeding chute 5 is shown in fig. 3, the feeding chute 5 is composed of a horizontal chute body 51 and an inclined chute body 52 which are welded into a whole, the horizontal chute body 51 is fixedly connected with the extrusion chamber 2, and the inclined chute body 52 is positioned at the material receiving opening 61; furthermore, the pressing chamber 2 and the liquid chamber 4 are mounted together on the frame 3 to ensure that the feed chute 5 is located at a higher level than the sorting chamber 6.
As shown in fig. 1, a sorting rotating shaft 62 is horizontally arranged in the sorting chamber 6 along the left-right direction, and the sorting rotating shaft 62 is connected with a sorting motor 63; a garbage discharge port 64 is also formed in the front side wall of the sorting chamber 6; the sorting motor 63 drives the sorting rotating shaft 62 to rotate, and the sorting blades of the sorting rotating shaft 62 form a blade structure at the edge, so that a certain shearing effect is achieved, and soft domestic garbage such as crops and vegetables can be sheared; in addition, the sorting rotating shaft 62 can generate axial thrust in the process of high-speed rotation, and hard household garbage such as bones, plastic bags and bottles left after primary sorting is discharged from the garbage discharge port 64;
after being sheared, the soft household garbage needs to be sent into a crushing chamber 8 to be further crushed so as to meet the requirement of compost; as shown in fig. 1, the crushing chamber 8 is located below the sorting chamber 6, the first filter screen 7 is arranged between the crushing chamber 8 and the sorting chamber 6, the first filter screen 7 is communicated with the crushing chamber 8 and the sorting chamber 6, and the diameter of the screen hole of the filter screen 72 of the first filter screen 7 is 50-80mm, so that the particle size of the soft domestic garbage is reduced after being cut, and the soft domestic garbage can basically pass through the first filter screen 7; the hard household garbage has large particle size, and cannot pass through the first filter screen 7 and is sent out by the sorting rotating shaft 62.
In smashing the room 8, be provided with multiunit along the fore-and-aft direction level and smash the pivot group, a set of crushing pivot group includes two meshing crushing pivot 82 mutually, smashes pivot 82 through two and extrudees each other to fully smash soft domestic waste. Because the crushing rotating shafts work in groups, in order to make the soft garbage passing through the first filter screen 7 all reach the position of the crushing rotating shaft 82, taking the crushing rotating shaft group as 2 groups as an example for explanation, firstly, as shown in fig. 4, a blocking plate 71 is arranged at the middle position of the first filter screen 7, filter screen plates 72 are symmetrically connected to two sides of the blocking plate 71, and the crushing rotating shaft 82 is positioned below the filter screen plates 72; meanwhile, the baffles 81 are arranged on two sides of the crushing rotating shaft group, and the baffles 81 are fixedly connected to two ends of the filter screen plate 72, so that the soft household garbage can pass through the filter screen plate 72 and can be effectively prevented from splashing around under the blocking action of the baffles 81;
the pulverizing rotary shaft 82 has a structure as shown in fig. 5, and the pulverizing rotary shaft 82 is connected with a pulverizing motor 83 at one end and fixedly connected with a gear 84 at the other end; in addition, the crushing rotating shaft 82 is provided with a shaft body 821, and the crushing toothed plate 822 is fixedly surrounded on the shaft body 821, so that two crushing rotating shafts in one group of crushing rotating shaft groups are meshed through the crushing toothed plate 822 to crush the soft garbage;
simultaneously, the inside cavity of axis body 821 of smashing pivot 82, gear 84 and intercommunication have and connect water injection well choke 85 are passed through to the one end that axis body 821 connects gear 84, and the hole for water spraying 824 has still been seted up on the axis body, logical groove 823 has then been seted up on the crushing pinion rack 822, hole for water spraying 824 is located logical groove 823, thereby, spray the clear water through hole for water spraying 824, can enough wash the soft rubbish of staying on smashing pivot 82, realize certain cleaning action, can also increase the mobility of soft domestic waste in the crushing room 8, carry out the compost in order to do benefit to it and continue to enter into compost room 9 and handle.
The crushing chamber 8 is communicated with the composting chamber 9 through a crushed material transfer pipe 11, a second filter screen 12 is arranged in the crushed material transfer pipe 11, and the diameter of a screen hole of the second filter screen 12 is 15-30mm, so that soft garbage conforming to the particle size of compost can pass through the second filter screen 12, and the soft garbage with overlarge particle size is left in the crushing chamber 8; in order to take away the garbage with overlarge grain diameter in time, a coarse material collecting door 86 is arranged on the front side wall of the crushing chamber 8 in a sealing way.
The composting chamber 9 is a place for composting and has a double-wall structure, the double-wall structure forms a clamping cavity 91, an electric heater 92 is arranged in the clamping cavity 91, and the temperature is adjusted by the electric heater; meanwhile, a stirring shaft 94 is arranged in the composting chamber 9, the stirring shaft 94 is connected with a stirring motor 93, the stirring shaft 94 is driven by the stirring motor 93 to rotate, and raw materials for composting are stirred to realize better reaction; the composting chamber 9 is also communicated with a metering pump 95 and an air blower 96, the metering pump 95 is used for adding aerobic microorganisms for composting, and the air blower 96 is used for introducing oxygen; in addition, the composting chamber 9 is communicated with a liquid transfer pipe 10, and the liquid transfer pipe 10 is communicated with the liquid chamber 4, so that liquid substances collected in the liquid chamber 4 are sent into the composting chamber 9 to carry out composting together.
The invention also discloses a working method of the rural domestic garbage treatment device, which comprises the following steps: the household garbage obtained by classifying the household garbage is sent into the extrusion chamber 2 from the feed hopper 1, at the moment, the flashboard 25 is closed, the extrusion motor 23 is started, the extrusion motor 23 drives the extrusion plate 22 to extrude the household garbage in the extrusion chamber 2, and the extruded liquid substance drops into the liquid chamber 4 from the dripping hole 21;
after extrusion is finished, the flashboard 25 is opened, the pushing motor 28 is started, the extruded household garbage is pushed into the feeding groove 5 from the feeding opening 24 by the pushing motor 28, and the household garbage is fed into the sorting chamber 6 from the receiving opening 61 by the feeding groove 5; starting a sorting motor 63, driving a sorting rotating shaft 62 to rotate by the sorting motor 63, primarily shearing soft domestic garbage into small-particle-size garbage under the centrifugal force generated by the sorting rotating shaft 62 and the shearing action of sorting blades of the sorting rotating shaft 62, throwing the garbage onto the wall of a sorting chamber 6, and finally entering a crushing chamber 8 through a first filter screen 7; hard household garbage with large particle size can not be cut and can not pass through the first filter screen, and gradually moves to the right end under the action of axial thrust generated by the rotation of the sorting rotating shaft 62, and is finally discharged from the garbage discharge port 64;
the soft garbage entering the crushing chamber 8 is organic matter, falls to the crushing rotating shaft 82 under the blocking action of the baffle 81, is fully crushed by the crushing rotating shaft 82, and after the crushing is finished, qualified soft garbage with the particle size meeting the composting requirement is screened out by the second filter screen 12, and enters the composting chamber 9 through the crushed material transfer pipe 11; the coarse garbage with the particle size not meeting the compost requirement is collected in a centralized way at the coarse garbage collecting door 86 and is sent into the feed hopper 1 again;
the qualified soft garbage entering the composting chamber 9 becomes fertilizer for crop planting after aerobic composting treatment.
The rural domestic garbage treatment device and the method fully utilize organic substances in the rural domestic garbage, and the organic substances are subjected to extrusion, separation and crushing treatment and then are subjected to composting treatment to form organic fertilizer for crop growth, so that the resource recycling is realized, the problem of environmental pollution caused by throwing or burning the traditional domestic garbage everywhere is also solved, and the rural domestic garbage treatment device and the method are more beneficial to building better rural living environment.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make variations, modifications, additions or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a rural domestic waste processing apparatus, includes feeder hopper (1), its characterized in that: the device also comprises a squeezing chamber (2), a liquid chamber (4), a sorting chamber (6), a crushing chamber (8) and a composting chamber (9);
the feeding hopper (1) is positioned above the extrusion chamber (2) and communicated with the extrusion chamber, a dripping hole (21) is formed in the bottom wall of the extrusion chamber (2), the liquid chamber (4) is positioned below the extrusion chamber (2), and the liquid chamber (4) is communicated with the extrusion chamber (2) through the dripping hole (21);
the front side wall and the rear side wall of the extrusion chamber (2) are symmetrically provided with extrusion plates (22), and the extrusion plates (22) are connected with an extrusion motor (23); a material pushing plate (27) is installed on the left side wall of the extrusion chamber (2), the material pushing plate (27) is connected with a material pushing motor (28), a feeding opening (24) is formed in the right side wall of the extrusion chamber (2), a gate plate (25) is arranged at the feeding opening (24), and the gate plate (25) is connected with a hydraulic cylinder (26); a flashboard passing channel is formed in the right side wall of the extrusion chamber (2), and a piston of a hydraulic cylinder (26) longitudinally passes through the flashboard passing channel and is fixedly connected with the flashboard (25);
the outer side of the feeding opening (24) is fixedly connected with a feeding groove (5), the top wall of the sorting chamber (6) is provided with a material receiving opening (61), and the feeding groove (5) extends to the material receiving opening (61); a sorting rotating shaft (62) is horizontally arranged in the sorting chamber (6) along the left-right direction, and the sorting rotating shaft (62) is connected with a sorting motor (63); a garbage discharge port (64) is also formed in the front side wall of the sorting chamber (6);
the crushing chamber (8) is positioned below the sorting chamber (6), a first filter screen (7) is arranged between the crushing chamber (8) and the sorting chamber (6), and the crushing chamber (8) is communicated with the sorting chamber (6) through the first filter screen (7); a plurality of crushing rotating shaft groups are horizontally arranged in the crushing chamber (8) along the front-back direction, one crushing rotating shaft group comprises two meshed crushing rotating shafts (82), and baffles (81) are arranged on two sides of one crushing rotating shaft group; one end of the crushing rotating shaft (82) is connected with a crushing motor (83), and the other end of the crushing rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a gear (84); a coarse material collecting door (86) is arranged on the front side wall of the crushing chamber (8), the right side wall of the crushing chamber (8) is communicated with a crushed material conveying pipe (11), a second filter screen (12) is arranged in the crushed material conveying pipe (11), and the crushing chamber (8) is communicated with the composting chamber (9) through the crushed material conveying pipe (11);
the composting chamber (9) is of a double-wall structure, the double-wall structure forms a clamping cavity (91), and an electric heater (92) is arranged in the clamping cavity (91); install (mixing) shaft (94) in compost room (9), (mixing) shaft (94) are connected with agitator motor (93), compost room (9) still communicate have measuring pump (95) and air-blower (96), and measuring pump (95) are used for adding the aerobic microorganism that the compost was used, and air-blower (96) are used for letting in oxygen.
2. The rural domestic waste treatment device of claim 1, characterized in that: the feeding groove (5) is composed of a horizontal groove body (51) and an inclined groove body (52) which are welded into a whole, the horizontal groove body (51) is fixedly connected with the extrusion chamber (2), and the inclined groove body (52) is positioned at the material receiving opening (61).
3. The rural domestic waste treatment device of claim 1, characterized in that: a blocking plate (71) is arranged in the middle of the first filter screen (7), two sides of the blocking plate (71) are symmetrically connected with filter screen plates (72), and a crushing rotating shaft (82) is located below the filter screen plates (72).
4. The rural domestic waste treatment device of claim 1, characterized in that: the crushing rotating shaft (82) is provided with a shaft body (821), the inside of the shaft body (821) is hollow, a water spraying hole (824) is further formed in the shaft body, and one end, connected with the gear (84), of the shaft body (821) penetrates through the gear (84) and is communicated with a water connecting nozzle (85).
5. The rural domestic waste treatment device of claim 4, characterized in that: fixed enclosing is equipped with crushing pinion rack (822) on axis body (821), has seted up logical groove (823) on crushing pinion rack (822), hole for water spraying (824) are located logical groove (823).
6. The rural domestic waste treatment device of claim 1, characterized in that: the composting chamber (9) is also communicated with a liquid transfer pipe (10), and the liquid transfer pipe (10) is communicated with the liquid chamber (4).
7. The rural domestic waste treatment device of claim 1, characterized in that: the squeezing chamber (2) and the liquid chamber (4) are jointly arranged on the bracket (3).
8. The rural domestic waste treatment device of claim 3, characterized in that: the diameter of the dripping holes (21) is not more than 15mm, the sieve pore diameter of the filter screen plate (72) of the first filter screen (7) is 50-80mm, and the sieve pore diameter of the second filter screen (12) is 15-30 mm.
9. A working method of the rural domestic waste treatment device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that: the working method comprises the following steps: all the garbage is classified primarily, the obtained household garbage mainly containing organic matters is sent into a squeezing chamber (2) from a feed hopper (1), at the moment, a flashboard (25) is closed, a squeezing motor (23) is started, a squeezing plate (22) is driven by the squeezing motor (23) to squeeze the household garbage in the squeezing chamber (2), and squeezed liquid substances drop into a liquid chamber (4) from a dripping hole (21);
after extrusion is finished, the flashboard (25) is opened, the pushing motor (28) is started, the extruded household garbage is pushed into the feeding groove (5) from the feeding opening (24) by the pushing motor (28), and the household garbage is fed into the sorting chamber (6) from the receiving opening (61) by the feeding groove (5); starting a sorting motor (63), driving a sorting rotating shaft (62) to rotate by the sorting motor (63), primarily shearing soft domestic garbage into small-particle-size garbage under the centrifugal force generated by the sorting rotating shaft (62) and the shearing action of sorting blades of the sorting rotating shaft (62), throwing the small-particle-size garbage onto the wall of a sorting chamber (6), and finally entering a crushing chamber (8) through a first filter screen (7); hard household garbage with large particle size can not be cut and can not pass through the first filter screen, and the hard household garbage gradually moves to the right end under the action of axial thrust generated by the rotation of the sorting rotating shaft (62), and is finally discharged from the garbage discharge port (64);
the soft garbage entering the crushing chamber (8) is organic matter, falls to the crushing rotating shaft (82) under the blocking action of the baffle (81), is fully crushed by the crushing rotating shaft (82), after the crushing is finished, qualified soft garbage with the grain diameter meeting the composting requirement is screened out by the second filter screen (12), and enters the composting chamber (9) through the crushed material transfer pipe (11); the coarse garbage with the particle size not meeting the compost requirement is collected in a centralized way at a coarse garbage collecting door (86) and is sent into the feed hopper (1) again;
the qualified soft garbage entering the composting chamber (9) becomes fertilizer for crop planting after aerobic composting treatment.
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