CN111565578A - 含有食材的液态调味料 - Google Patents
含有食材的液态调味料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111565578A CN111565578A CN201980008077.4A CN201980008077A CN111565578A CN 111565578 A CN111565578 A CN 111565578A CN 201980008077 A CN201980008077 A CN 201980008077A CN 111565578 A CN111565578 A CN 111565578A
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- liquid seasoning
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Abstract
本发明以提供具有果汁感和食材的存在感、并且保存中的颜色或气味的变化减少的含有食材的液态调味料为课题。根据本发明,提供含有食材的液态调味料,所述液态调味料含有:(A)食材、(B)水不溶性粉末、(C)选自果汁、蔬菜汁和色素的至少一种、以及(D)粘度调节剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及具有果汁感和食材的存在感、并且保存中的颜色或气味(臭い)的变化减少的含有食材的液态调味料。
背景技术
一直以来,在沙拉或烹饪食品中使用各种味道或形态的调味料。其中,调味液中包含果皮或果汁这样的水果加工品的液态调味料具有水果特有的鲜艳色调和水果的风味,迎合消费者的多样化的嗜好。
然而,加入有果皮或果汁的调味料会增加含量以使消费者感觉到其色调或存在感。然而,果皮或果汁通过保存容易变色,香味也减退,还成为产生怪味(異臭)的原因。另外,若含有较多的果皮或果汁,则调味料整体的风味平衡变差。
在含有果皮或果汁的饮食品中,提出了减少颜色或香味的变化的各种方法。例如,在专利文献1中,关于含有水不溶性固体成分(果浆成分)的柠檬果汁(柠檬汁),提出了外观良好的柠檬果汁和含有该果汁的饮食品,所述柠檬果汁是通过将水不溶性固体成分的中位直径设为一定范围来抑制柠檬果汁中的水不溶性固体成分的经时性沉淀或褐变。然而,在调节水不溶性固体成分的大小时需要物理处理或化学处理,制造效率降低。另外,专利文献2中提出了:通过在掺混有柑橘类果皮或生姜的酸性液态食品中掺混芝麻的热水提取液和碱性材料,来防止柑橘类果皮或生姜的香味的变质。然而,在该方法中,即使香味的变质可得到抑制,但却无法满足食材的色调或存在感。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2017-118830号公报;
专利文献2:日本特开2013-59340号公报。
发明内容
发明所要解决的课题
本发明的课题在于:提供一种具有果汁感和食材的存在感、并且保存中的颜色或气味的变化减少的含有食材的液态调味料。
用于解决课题的手段
为了解决上述课题,本发明人反复进行了深入研究,结果发现了:通过将果皮或果肉等色调鲜艳的食材和水不溶性粉末、粘度调节剂、以及选自果汁、蔬菜汁和色素的至少一种一同掺混在液态调味料中,无论是在容器内还是从容器中取出后,液态调味料的色调均鲜艳且具有果汁感;食材在调味液中显眼而具有存在感;以及保存中的颜色或气味的变化减少,从而完成了本发明。本发明中的“果汁感(fruit juice feeling)”是指,具有如由天然水果榨汁得到的果汁所具有的适度的混浊的、食材本来的自然且鲜艳的色调感。
即,本发明包含以下的发明。
(1) 含有食材的液态调味料,其含有(A)食材、(B)水不溶性粉末、(C)选自果汁、蔬菜汁和色素的至少一种、以及(D)粘度调节剂。
(2) (1)所述的含有食材的液态调味料,其中,上述食材为果皮和/或果肉。
(3) (1)或(2)所述的含有食材的液态调味料,其中,上述水不溶性粉末为谷类粉末。
(4) (3)所述的含有食材的液态调味料,其中,上述谷类粉末为选自豆腐渣粉末、大豆粉末、黄豆粉、米粉、玉米粉和苋菜粉末的至少一种。
(5) (1)~(4)中任一项所述的含有食材的液态调味料,其中,上述粘度调节剂为选自胶类和加工淀粉的至少一种。
(6) (1)~(5)中任一项所述的含有食材的液态调味料,其中,上述水不溶性粉末在液态调味料中的含量为0.05~3.0质量%。
(7) (1)~(6)中任一项所述的含有食材的液态调味料,该液态调味料在常温下使用B型粘度计测定的粘度为500mPa·s以上。
(8) (6)所述的含有食材的液态调味料,其中,上述水不溶性粉末在液态调味料中的含量为0.05~2.0质量%。
(9) (6)所述的含有食材的液态调味料,其中,上述水不溶性粉末在液态调味料中的含量为0.05~0.7质量%。
(10) (7)所述的含有食材的液态调味料,该液态调味料在20℃下使用B型粘度计测定的粘度为500mPa·s以上。
(11) (7)所述的含有食材的液态调味料,该液态调味料在20℃下使用B型粘度计测定的粘度为500~8000mPa·s。
(12) 提高含有食材的液态调味料中的液态调味料整体的色调和食材存在感的方法,其特征在于:在包含食材的液态调味料中掺混水不溶性粉末、选自果汁、蔬菜汁和色素的至少一种、和粘度调节剂。
(13) 提高含有食材的液态调味料中的液态调味料整体的色调和食材存在感、并且减少保存中的颜色或气味的变化的方法,其特征在于:在包含食材的液态调味料中掺混水不溶性粉末、选自果汁、蔬菜汁和色素的至少一种、和粘度调节剂。
(14) (12)或(13)所述的方法,其中,上述食材为果皮和/或果肉,上述谷类粉末为选自豆腐渣粉末、大豆粉末、黄豆粉、米粉、玉米粉和苋菜粉末的至少一种,上述粘度调节剂为选自胶类和加工淀粉的至少一种。
(15) (12)~(14)中任一项所述的方法,其中,上述水不溶性粉末在液态调味料中的含量为0.05~3.0质量%,在常温下使用B型粘度计测定的粘度为500~8000mPa·s。
(16) 制造(1)~(11)中任一项所述的含有食材的液态调味料的方法,该方法包括下述的工序(a)~(c)。
工序(a):将包含(A)食材、(B)水不溶性粉末、(C)选自果汁、蔬菜汁和色素的至少一种、以及(D)粘度调节剂的原料投入至水中;
工序(b):将通过工序(a)得到的原料含有液以达到20~95℃的方式在不加热下或者在加热的同时进行混合搅拌直至形成均匀液态;以及
工序(c):将通过工序(b)得到的混合液放置或冷却直至达到室温(15~25℃)。
(17) (16)所述的制造含有食材的液态调味料的方法,其中,上述食材为果皮和/或果肉,上述谷类粉末为选自豆腐渣粉末、大豆粉末、黄豆粉、米粉、玉米粉和苋菜粉末的至少一种,上述粘度调节剂为选自胶类和加工淀粉的至少一种。
(18) (16)或(17)中任一项所述的制造含有食材的液态调味料的方法,其中,上述水不溶性粉末在液态调味料中的含量为0.05~3.0质量%,在常温下使用B型粘度计测定的粘度为500~8000mPa·s。
本申请要求于2018年1月10日申请的日本专利申请2018-001719号的优先权,包含该专利申请的说明书所记载的内容。
发明效果
根据本发明,提供包含果皮或果肉等食材的调味液整体的色调鲜艳、且具有食材存在感的含有食材的液态调味料。本发明的含有食材的液态调味料由于具有泥状(碎末状)或酱状的调味料这样的混浊和粘性,因此即使果皮或果肉的含量少也可感觉到浓厚的果汁感,也没有来自与食材一同掺混的水不溶性粉末的气味或风味变化的影响。另外,由于也可不大量使用果皮或果肉、果汁或蔬菜汁这样的保存中颜色或气味容易发生变化的材料,所以也没有来自该材料的保存中发生变色或怪味的影响。
具体实施方式
本发明的含有食材的液态调味料(以下,称为“本发明的液态调味料”)的特征在于:含有(A)食材、(B)水不溶性粉末、(C)选自果汁、蔬菜汁和色素的至少一种、以及(D)粘度调节剂。
<液态调味料>
在本发明中,“液态调味料”是指用于突显料理或食品原材料的美味程度的具有流动性的调味料。作为本发明的液态调味料,除了浇在蔬菜、肉类或海鲜类等上进行调味的调味汁(dressing)以外,还可列举佐料类(たれ類)、沙司类(ソース類)、汤汁类(つゆ類)、柚子醋(ポン酢)等。
<食材>
在本发明的液态调味料中,“食材”是指固体食材,不包括果汁或蔬菜汁这样的液态、膏状的食材。本发明的液态调味料中使用的固体食材可以是新鲜食材、盐腌的食材、干燥食材的任意一种,优选干燥食材。
本发明的液态调味料中使用的主要食材只要是色调鲜艳的食材则没有限定,优选为果皮和/或果肉。
在本发明中,“果皮”是指水果表面的皮,是子房壁成熟的部分。果皮通常分为2层(外果皮、内果皮)或3层(外果皮、中果皮、内果皮),层数、厚度、硬度等根据水果的种类而不同,在本发明中,使用通常被称为外果皮的部分作为果皮。另外,“果肉”是指水果的位于皮与种子之间的食用部分,在本发明中,使用通常被称为内果皮或中果皮的、呈肉质或多汁质的部分作为果肉。水果根据果皮的种类分为:具有干燥的硬果皮、且非多肉质的干果;以及果皮为液质或多肉质的浆果,在本发明中,可使用任意一种水果的果皮和/或果肉。另外,在使用果皮和果肉的情况下,可以是附着有果肉的果皮。
成为本发明中使用的果皮和/或果肉的来源的水果例如可列举:柠檬、柚子、酸橘、酸橙、柑橘(みかん)、葡萄柚、臭橙、苦橙、橙子、苹果、菠萝、桃、葡萄、草莓、梨、香蕉、甜瓜、猕猴桃、黑加仑、西印度群岛樱桃、蓝莓、树莓、柿子、杏、番石榴、李子、芒果、木瓜、荔枝等。果皮和/或果肉可使用上述水果的一种或两种以上的果皮和/或果肉。在使用果皮和果肉的情况下,果皮和果肉可来自相同种类的水果,也可来自不同种类的水果。
果皮和/或果肉可直接使用新鲜的,也可以是施行了干燥、粉碎、磨碎等加工的加工品。例如,可使用橙皮、陈皮(温州蜜柑的皮的干燥物)等加工品。在将果皮和/或果肉干燥的情况下,可切成规定的大小后进行干燥,也可在干燥后进行切割。作为干燥方法,可列举热风干燥、冷冻干燥、减压加热干燥、微波干燥、晒干、自然干燥等。
本发明中使用的果皮和/或果肉(以下,还仅称为“食材”)的形状可以是长方体状、立方体(dice)状、球形、粒状等任意一种形状。另外,对食材的大小没有特别限定,从可视觉识别颜色和形态、获得食材的存在感的角度考虑,例如在调味液中溶胀后的食材的大小为1mm以上,优选为1~10mm,更优选为2~10mm。这里,食材的“大小”在食材为长方体状的情况下是指最长边的长度,在食材为立方体(dice)的情况下是指一个边的长度,在食材为球形或粒状的情况下是指直径的长度,是从液态调味料中分取食材进行测定而得的值。
本发明的液态调味料中的食材的含量以湿重计为调味料整体的1~60质量%,优选1~50质量%,更优选为1~40质量%。若食材的含量以湿重计小于1%,则在容器内的液态调味料中、以及从容器中取出后的液态调味料中食材不显眼,无法获得存在感。另外,若食材的含量以湿重计超过60质量%,则食材过于显眼,与调味液的平衡差。
在本发明的液态调味料中,除果皮和/或果肉以外,还可含有其他食材。作为其他食材,可列举蔬菜类(洋葱、卷心菜、白菜、胡萝卜、青椒、萝卜、萝卜叶、甜菜、莲藕、牛蒡、葱、紫苏、芹菜、欧芹、彩椒(poprika) (红彩椒、黄彩椒、橙彩椒等)、番茄、黄瓜、玉米、菜花、茄子、马铃薯、红薯、芋头、山芋、南瓜等)、种子类(杏仁、花生、松子、椰子等)、蘑菇类(姬菇、香菇、蘑菇、杏鲍菇、舞茸等)、豆类(大豆、豌豆、扁豆、鹰嘴豆、埃及豆等)。在这些其他食材中,胡萝卜、番茄、彩椒等色调鲜艳的食材还可代替果皮和/或果肉来使用。上述的其他食材可仅使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
<水不溶性粉末>
在本发明中,“水不溶性粉末”是指不溶于水的、分散在调味液中的粉末。本发明中使用的水不溶性粉末只要是通过使调味液变混浊来提高果皮和/或水果所具有的特有的鲜艳色调、在明度低的调味液的情况下提高明度以获得上述效果的食用粉末即可,没有特别限定,优选谷类粉末。这里,谷类是指作为禾本科植物的种子的禾谷类和作为豆科植物的种子的豆谷类两者。因此,作为本发明中可使用的谷类粉末,包含米类、麦类(小麦、大麦、裸麦、薏苡、燕麦、黑麦、燕麦(oats,オーツ麦)等)、豆类(大豆、小豆、菜豆、豌豆等)、杂谷类(玉米、荞麦、小米、稗子、苋菜等)的粉末或它们的加工品,具体而言,可列举豆腐渣粉末、大豆粉末、黄豆粉、米粉、玉米粉、苋菜粉等。这些水不溶性粉末可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
本发明的液态调味料中的水不溶性粉末的含量为0.05~3.0质量%,优选0.05~2.0质量%,更优选0.05~1.5质量%,最优选为0.05~0.7质量%。若水不溶性粉末的含量为上述范围,则调味液的混浊度足以提高果皮和/或水果所具有的特有的鲜艳色调,可得到果汁感,因此优选。若水不溶性粉末的含量超过3.0质量%,则调味液发白,失去果汁感,因此不优选。另外,若水不溶性粉末的含量小于0.05质量%,则无法充分得到果汁感,因此不优选。
<果汁、蔬菜汁、色素>
在本发明中,“果汁”是指水果的榨汁液或通过提取等得到的水果的液体部分,在使用将水果进行滤网过滤或碾碎处理而得到的酱、泥的情况下是指其内的液体部分。作为本发明的液态调味料中使用的果汁,例如可列举来自下述水果的果汁:柠檬、柚子、酸橘、酸橙、柑橘、葡萄柚、臭橙、苦橙、橙子、苹果、菠萝、桃、葡萄、草莓、梨、香蕉、甜瓜、猕猴桃、黑加仑、西印度群岛樱桃、蓝莓、树莓、柿子、杏、番石榴、李子、芒果、木瓜、荔枝等。其中,更优选苹果、桃、葡萄、西印度群岛樱桃、蓝莓、梨或柠檬、柚子、酸橘、酸橙、柑橘、橙子、葡萄柚等柑橘类的果汁。这些果汁可使用一种或两种以上。另外,上述果汁还可在进行冷冻、浓缩、还原等加工后使用。
在本发明中,“蔬菜汁”是指将蔬菜粉碎等后进行榨汁而得到的汁液,在使用将蔬菜进行滤网过滤或碾碎处理而得到的酱、泥的情况下是指其内的液体部分。作为本发明的液态调味料中使用的蔬菜汁,可列举来自下述可榨汁的蔬菜的蔬菜汁:例如洋葱、萝卜、胡萝卜等根菜;番茄、青椒、彩椒、黄瓜、茄子等果菜;卷心菜、生菜、菠菜、白菜、芹菜、小松菜、小白菜、长蒴黄麻、羽衣甘蓝、紫苏、韭菜、欧芹等叶菜;芦笋、竹笋等茎菜;西兰花、菜花等花菜等。其中,更优选洋葱、萝卜。这些蔬菜汁可使用一种或两种以上。
另外,可在上述果汁和/或蔬菜汁中并用色素。作为色素,优选天然色素,只要是类胡萝卜素类、类黄酮类、花色素苷类、甜菜花青素类、嗜氮酮(azaphilone)类、卟啉类等食用天然色素,则没有特别限定,例如可列举:栀子色素、红花色素、β-胡萝卜素、姜黄色素、万寿菊色素、红曲色素、甜菜红、紫苏色素、红卷心菜色素(红甘蓝色素)、紫番薯色素、葡萄果皮色素、红曲色素、螺旋藻色素、叶绿素等。
<粘度调节剂>
在本发明中,“粘度调节剂”是指起到对液态调味料赋予适宜的粘度、提高粉末分散性的作用的物质,例如可使用胶类、淀粉、加工淀粉、琼脂、果胶、纤维素、海藻酸、海藻酸钠、角叉菜胶等。作为胶类,只要是作为增稠多糖类用于食品的胶类,则没有特别限定,例如可列举:黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、阿拉伯树胶、茄替胶、瓜尔豆胶、罗望子胶、刺梧桐树胶、结冷胶、黄蓍胶(トランスガントガム)等,优选黄原胶、刺槐豆胶。另外,作为加工淀粉,可使用通过常规方法对小麦粉淀粉、米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉等生淀粉进行交联处理、酯化处理、醚化处理、氧化处理等处理而得到的交联淀粉、酯化淀粉、醚化淀粉、氧化淀粉等,例如可列举:羟丙基化淀粉、羟丙基化磷酸交联淀粉、乙酰化磷酸交联淀粉等。可使用通过湿热处理等物理处理得到的加工淀粉。这些之中,从容易获取、容易调节粘度的角度考虑,优选黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、加工淀粉。这些粘度调节剂可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
另外,本发明中的液态调味料的粘度只要是在常温(20℃)下使用B型粘度计(3号转子、转速:30rpm的条件)测定的粘度为500mPa·s以上即可,优选为500~8000mPa·s,优选为500~7000mPa·s,更优选为500~2000mPa·s。这里,“常温”是指10~30℃、特别是15~25℃。若粘度小于500mPa·s,则食材会沉淀,分散性差,从容器中取出后调味料也无法得到充分的色调,另外,若粘度超过8000mPa·s,则不易从容器中取出,不优选。尚需说明的是,上述粘度通常可通过原料的组合以及它们的掺混量、上述粘度调节剂等来调节。另外,该粘度可利用B型粘度计等粘度测定装置进行测定。
<其他原料>
本发明的液态调味料除了含有上述原料以外,根据其种类还可含有普通的液态调味料中使用的用于调味等的原料。本发明的液态调味料可以是不含油脂的无油型、油脂量减少的低油型(10重量%以下)、包含油脂的油型(包括乳化型和分离型)的任意一种类型的液态调味料,为了不损及果皮和/或果肉的清爽畅快的风味,优选无油型。例如,在本发明的液态调味料为无油型调味汁的情况下,通常以水、食醋、糖类(包括高甜度甜味剂)、食盐作为基本原料。在本发明的液态调味料中,除了使用这样的基本原料以外,例如还可使用:香辛料、香辛料提取物、香味油、氨基酸类调味料、核酸类调味料、有机酸类调味料、发酵调味料(风味原料、美味调味料)、酒类、香精等呈味/风味成分;稳定剂、着色料、钙盐等添加剂等。对这些成分的含量没有特别限定,可根据用途而适当确定。
上述食醋有:以米或麦等谷物或果汁作为主要原料生产的酿造醋;在冰乙酸(冰醋酸)或乙酸(醋酸)的稀释液中加入砂糖等调味料、或者在其中加入酿造醋而得到的合成醋,在本发明中均可使用。作为酿造醋,例如可列举:谷物醋(米醋、糙米醋、黑醋、粕醋、麦芽醋、薏苡醋、大豆醋等)、水果醋(苹果醋、葡萄醋、柠檬醋、香母醋、葡萄酒醋、意大利香醋等)、通过以乙醇为原料的乙酸发酵制造的酒精醋、中国醋、雪莉醋(sherry vinegar)等,另外,作为合成醋,可列举将冰乙酸或乙酸用水适当稀释而得到的醋等。这些之中,优选乙酸含量高、来自原料的风味弱的高乙酸浓度的酿造醋。另外,这些食醋可单独使用,也可并用两种以上。
作为上述糖类,例如可列举:蔗糖、麦芽糖、果糖、异构化液态糖、葡萄糖、糖稀、糊精或山梨糖醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇等糖醇类等。这些糖类可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
作为上述高甜度甜味剂,例如可列举:阿斯巴甜、乙酰磺胺酸钾、三氯蔗糖、纽甜、甘草提取物、甜菊或其酶处理物等。这些高甜度甜味剂可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
上述食盐可以是其本身,也可以是含有食盐的食品。对含有食盐的食品没有特别限定,作为例子,可列举酱油、味噌(面豉酱)、高汤等,在使用它们的情况下,以不妨碍本发明效果的程度使用,使颜色不会变深。
对上述酱油没有特别限定,例如可列举:浓口酱油、淡口酱油、白酱油、溜酱油、再酿造酱油(再仕込み醤油)等。这些酱油可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
对上述味噌没有特别限定,例如除麦味噌、米味噌、豆味噌、调合味噌等以外,还可列举根据由其制法引起的颜色不同而命名的红味噌/白味噌/浅色味噌等。这些味噌可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
上述香辛料(spicy seasoning)是指,具有特有的香味、刺激的呈味、色调,为了赋予香味、除臭、调味、着色等目的而掺混在饮食品中的植物体的一部分(植物的果实、果皮、花、花蕾、树皮、茎、叶、种子、根、根茎等),香辛料包括香料(spice)或香草(herb)。香料(spice)是指香辛料中作为利用部位的除去茎、叶和花者者,例如可列举:胡椒(黑胡椒、白胡椒、红胡椒)、大蒜、生姜、芝麻(芝麻的种子)、辣椒、辣根(西洋山葵)、芥末、罂粟籽、肉豆蔻、肉桂、小豆蔻、小茴香、番红花、多香果、丁香、山椒、茴香、甘草、胡芦巴、莳萝籽、花椒、荜拔、橄榄的果实等。另外,香草(herb)是指香辛料中利用茎、叶和花者,例如可列举:水芹、香菜、紫苏、芹菜、龙蒿、香葱、细叶芹、鼠尾草、百里香、月桂、韭菜、欧芹、芥菜(芥子菜)、蘘荷、艾草、罗勒、牛至、迷迭香、薄荷、香薄荷、柠檬草、莳萝、山葵叶、山椒的叶等。
作为上述香辛料提取物,只要是通常显示为“香辛料”或“香料(spice)”的食品提取物则均可,作为其例子,可列举辣椒提取物、芥末提取物(芥黄提取物)、生姜提取物(姜提取物)、山葵提取物、胡椒提取物、大蒜提取物(蒜提取物)、洋葱提取物、山椒提取物等。这些香辛料提取物可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
作为上述香味油,例如可列举:姜油、蒜油、芥末油、洋葱油、芝麻油、葱油、韭菜油、水芹油、紫苏油、山葵油、柠檬油、海鲜油、畜肉油等。这些香味油可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
作为上述氨基酸类调味料,例如可列举:L-谷氨酸钠、DL-丙氨酸、甘氨酸、L-色氨酸或DL-色氨酸、L-苯丙氨酸、L-蛋氨酸或DL-蛋氨酸、L-赖氨酸、L-天冬氨酸、L-天冬氨酸钠、L-精氨酸等。这些氨基酸类调味料可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
作为上述核酸类调味料,例如可列举:5’-肌苷酸二钠、5’-鸟苷酸二钠、5’-尿苷酸二钠、5’-胞苷酸二钠、5’-核糖核苷酸钙、5’-核糖核苷酸二钠等。这些核酸类调味料可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
作为上述有机酸类调味料,例如可列举:枸橼酸钙、枸橼酸三钠、葡萄糖酸钾、葡萄糖酸钠、琥珀酸、琥珀酸一钠、琥珀酸二钠、乙酸钠、DL-酒石酸氢钾、L-酒石酸氢钾、DL-酒石酸钠、L-酒石酸钠、乳酸钾、乳酸钙、乳酸钠、富马酸一钠、DL-苹果酸钠等。这些有机酸类调味料可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。通过并用两种以上的有机酸类调味料,双方的呈味协同地提高,因此优选。
作为上述风味原料,例如可列举:鲣鱼汤汁、海带汤汁、蔬菜提取物、鲣鱼提取物、海带提取物、海鲜提取物、畜肉提取物等。这些风味原料可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
作为上述美味调味料,例如可列举:蛋白水解物、酵母提取物等。这些美味调味料可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
作为上述酒类,可列举清酒、合成清酒、甜料酒(みりん)、烧酒、葡萄酒、利口酒、绍兴酒等。这些酒类可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
作为上述香精,例如可列举:姜香精、蒜香精、芥末香精、洋葱香精、芝麻香精、葱香精、韭菜香精、紫苏香精、山葵香精、柠檬香精等。这些香精可仅单独使用一种,也可将两种以上以任意的组合和比例并用。
<含有食材的液态调味料的制造方法>
本发明的液态调味料可通过包括下述工序的制造方法来制造:将上述原料投入至水中,根据需要边加热边混合搅拌直至形成均匀的液态。原料的混合搅拌只要基于以往已知的方法即可,上述混合搅拌工序中的优选温度为20~95℃,在边加热边进行混合的情况下,为了抑制风味、色调等的变质,优选将加热温度的上限设为90℃。通过上述的混合搅拌工序得到的混合液直接或者在供于加热灭菌或加压灭菌等灭菌处理后进行放置或冷却直至达到室温(15~25℃),与普通的液态调味料同样填充在容器中。作为本发明的液态调味料所使用的容器,对材质或形状没有特别限定,例如可列举:塑料制容器、袋(聚乙烯袋、铝袋)、PET瓶、钢罐、铝罐、瓶容器等。另外,本发明的液态调味料可在填充至容器后,供于加热灭菌或干馏灭菌等灭菌处理,而制成液态调味料。
<含有食材的液态调味料的使用方案>
对本发明的液态调味料的使用方案没有特别限定,可撒在蔬菜或海鲜类、肉类等食材或料理上凉拌等而使用。使用时的食材或料理可以是加热状态也可以是未加热状态的任意一种,但优选以未加热状态用于沙拉、烹饪过的油炸食品、烧烤类(牛排、烤鱼)、豆腐等。
实施例
以下,通过实施例来进一步具体说明本发明。但本发明并不受这些实施例的限定。
(粘度的测定)
下述试验例中调制的试验品的液态调味料的粘度测定可如下进行:将约150cc的调味料填充在测定用容器中,调节至20℃后,将测定用容器放在B型粘度计(东机产业公司制造、型号:BMII)中,使用转子(3号转子、转速:30rpm的条件)测定20秒。
(试验例1) 水不溶性粉末的含量研究
(1) 试验品的调制(实施例1-1~6-1、比较例1-1~2-1/实施例1-2~6-2、比较例1-2~2-2、参考例)
将由酿造醋(酸度为15%)、食盐、砂糖和枸橼酸构成的通用原料和水不溶性粉末(豆腐渣粉末)、果皮(橙皮、陈皮)、果汁(柑橘果汁(橘汁))、粘度调节剂(磷酸交联淀粉、黄原胶)按表1-1和表1-2所示的掺混量(质量%)混合在水中,进行搅拌使其变得均匀,之后在80℃下进行5分钟的灭菌处理,填充在瓶中,调制了试验品的含有食材的液态调味料。
(2) 感官评价试验
对试验品的含有食材的液态调味料进行容器内的液态调味料的“色调”和“食材的存在感”的感官评价。另外,在常温下取出约4.5ml该液态调味料至白色平皿上,对取出后的液态调味料进行“色调”和“食材的存在感”的感官评价。各评价由总计5名训练有素的感官检查员按下述标准进行感官评价。各评价项目的评分的计算方法是将5名检查员的评价进行加权平均,并将小数点2位以后进行四舍五入。以5分评分的3分作为合格分数(具有效果),以高于3分的3.5分作为具有良好效果的分数,以4分以上作为具有更好效果的分数,以4.5分以上作为具有最好效果的分数。在各评价项目的评分中即使有1个项目的评分小于3分也视为不合格。另外,水不溶性粉末的含量相同、而果汁含量不同的表1-1的试验品和表1-2的试验品(例如,实施例1-1和实施例1-2)两者的各评价项目的评分为3分以上的试验品视为合格。
(容器内的调味料的色调)
5:混浊适度,“果汁感”高,优选;
4:有混浊,且有“果汁感”,优选;
3:有混浊,且有“果汁感”;
2:混浊弱、“果汁感”弱,或者混浊强、“果汁感”弱;
1:几乎没有混浊、或者过于混浊,感觉不到“果汁感”。
(容器内食材的存在感)
5:食材在液体中显眼,有存在感;
4:食材在液体中稍微显眼;
3:判明液体中有食材;
2:不易判明液体中有食材,存在感低;
1:食材在液体中几乎不显眼。
(从容器中取出后的调味料的色调)
5:混浊适度,“果汁感”高,优选;
4:有混浊,且有“果汁感”,优选;
3:有混浊,且有“果汁感”;
2:混浊弱、“果汁感”弱,或者混浊强、“果汁感”弱;
1:几乎没有混浊、或者过于混浊,感觉不到“果汁感”。
(从容器中取出后的食材的存在感)
5:食材在液体中显眼,有存在感;
4:食材在液体中稍微显眼;
3:判明液体中有食材;
2:不易判明液体中有食材,存在感低;
1:食材在液体中几乎不显眼。
(3) 保存试验
将试验品的含有食材的液态调味料在10℃和50℃下保存4天后恢复至常温,将50℃保存的样品与10℃保存的样品进行比较,评价容器内和从容器中取出后的液态调味料的颜色变化。由总计5名训练有素的感官检查员按下述标准进行评价。各评价项目的评分的计算方法是将5名检查员的评价进行加权平均,并将小数点2位以后进行四舍五入。将3分以上作为可接受的范围内。
(容器内的调味料的颜色变化)
5:颜色完全没有变化;
4:颜色几乎没有变化;
3:颜色稍有变化;
2:颜色有变化;
1:颜色有相当大的变化。
(从容器中取出后的调味料的颜色变化)
5:颜色完全没有变化;
4:颜色几乎没有变化;
3:颜色稍有变化;
2:颜色有变化;
1:颜色有相当大的变化。
(4) 试验结果
上述的各试验结果和试验品的粘度测定值见表1-1和表1-2。
[表1-1]
[表1-2]
如表1-1(果汁含量:1.2质量%)和表1-2(果汁含量:0.6质量%)所示,水不溶性粉末的含量处于0.05~3.0质量%范围的实施例1-1~6-1和实施例1-2~6-2的含有食材的液态调味料,无论是在容器内还是从容器中取出后液态调味料的色调均好,有果汁感,且有食材的存在感,而与果汁的含量无关。另外,即使是保存后容器内和从容器中取出后的液态调味料的颜色也没有变化。相对于此,水不溶性粉末的含量小于0.05质量%的比较例1-1和比较例1-2的液态调味料,无论是在容器内还是从容器中取出后均无法充分得到果汁感或食材的存在感,水不溶性粉末的含量超过3.0质量%的比较例2-1和比较例2-2的液态调味料,调味液过于混浊,失去了果汁感。另外,实施例、比较例的液态调味料均感觉不到来自水不溶性粉末的臭味(臭気),保存后也几乎感觉不到因果汁、果皮的劣化产生的怪味、或来自水不溶性粉末的怪味,在气味方面良好。另一方面,为了具有果汁感而使用了较多果汁的参考例的液态调味料,色调或食材的存在感与实施例的液态调味料相比弱,在保存后确认到了来自果汁的怪味。
(试验例2) 粘度调节剂的种类和含量的研究
(1) 试验品的调制(实施例7~14和比较例3)
将由酿造醋(酸度为15%)、食盐和砂糖构成的通用原料和水不溶性粉末(豆腐渣粉末)、果皮(橙皮、陈皮)、果汁(柑橘果汁)、粘度调节剂(黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、罗望子胶、果胶、琼脂、磷酸交联淀粉、羟丙基化淀粉)按表2所示的掺混量(质量%)混合在水中,进行搅拌使其变得均匀,之后在80℃下进行5分钟的灭菌处理,填充在瓶中,调制了试验品的含有食材的液态调味料。
(2) 感官评价试验
对于试验品的含有食材的液态调味料,进行与试验例1同样的操作,进行容器内的液态调味料的“色调”和“食材的存在感”、从容器中取出后的液态调味料的“色调”和“食材的存在感”的感官评价。
(3) 保存试验
对于试验品的含有食材的液态调味料,进行与试验例1同样的操作,对容器内和从容器中取出后的液态调味料的颜色变化进行评价。
(4) 试验结果
上述各试验结果和试验品的粘度测定值见表2。
如表2所示,粘度为500mPa·s以上的实施例7~14的含有食材的液态调味料,无论是在容器内还是从容器中取出后液态调味料的色调均好,有果汁感,且有食材的存在感。另外,即使在保存后容器内和从容器中取出后的液态调味料的颜色也没有变化。相对于此,粘度小于500mPa·s的比较例3的液态调味料,豆腐渣粉末的分散性差,处于沉淀的倾向,无法得到目标的液态调味料。另外,实施例、比较例的液态调味料均感觉不到来自水不溶性粉末的臭味,保存后也几乎感觉不到因果汁、果皮的劣化产生的怪味或来自水不溶性粉末的怪味,在气味方面良好。
(试验例3) 赋予混浊的原材料的种类的研究
(1) 试验品的调制(实施例15~17和比较例4~6)
将由酿造醋(酸度为15%)、食盐、砂糖和枸橼酸构成的通用原料和可对调味液赋予混浊的原材料(豆腐渣粉末、米粉、烘焙大豆粉末、脱脂奶粉、苹果酱、乳化型香料)、果皮(橙皮、陈皮)、果汁(柑橘果汁)、粘度调节剂(磷酸交联淀粉、黄原胶)按表3所示的掺混量(质量%)混合在水中,进行搅拌使其变得均匀,之后在80℃下进行5分钟的灭菌处理,填充在瓶中,调制了试验品的含有食材的液态调味料。
(2) 感官评价试验
对于试验品的含有食材的液态调味料,进行与试验例1同样的操作,进行容器内的液态调味料的“色调”和“食材的存在感”、从容器中取出后的液态调味料的“色调”和“食材的存在感”的感官评价。
(3) 保存试验
对于试验品的含有食材的液态调味料,进行与试验例1同样的操作,对容器内和从容器中取出后的液态调味料的颜色变化进行评价。
(4) 试验结果
上述的各试验结果和试验品的粘度测定值见表3。
[表3]
如表3所示,使用了作为水不溶性粉末的豆腐渣粉末(实施例15)、米粉(实施例16)、烘焙大豆粉末(实施例17)的液态调味料,无论是在容器内还是从容器中取出后液态调味料的色调均好,有果汁感,且有食材的存在感。另外,即使在保存后容器内和从容器中取出后的液态调味料的颜色也没有变化。而且,实施例的液态调味料均感觉不到来自水不溶性粉末的臭味,保存后也几乎感觉不到因果汁、果皮的劣化产生的怪味或来自水不溶性粉末的怪味,在气味方面良好。相对于此,即使可对调味料赋予混浊,但脱脂奶粉(比较例4)、苹果酱(比较例5)、乳化型香料(比较例6)的液态调味料,无论是在容器内还是从容器中取出后在液态调味料的色调和食材的存在感方面,也均无法得到像豆腐渣粉末等水不溶性粉末那种程度的效果。特别是苹果酱的颜色变化明显、保存性差,脱脂奶粉和乳化型香料虽然颜色变化在可接受的范围,但确认到了劣化的气味。
(试验例4) 食材种类的研究
(1) 试验品的调制(实施例18~22)
将由酿造醋(酸度为15%)、食盐和砂糖构成的通用原料和水不溶性粉末(豆腐渣粉末)、色调不同的各种食材和果汁、粘度调节剂(磷酸交联淀粉、黄原胶)按表4所示的掺混量(质量%)混合在水中,进行搅拌使其变得均匀,之后在80℃下进行5分钟的灭菌处理,填充在瓶中,调制了试验品的含有食材的液态调味料。
(2) 感官评价试验
对于试验品的含有食材的液态调味料,进行与试验例1同样的操作,进行容器内的液态调味料的“色调”和“食材的存在感”、从容器中取出后的液态调味料的“色调”和“食材的存在感”的感官评价。
(3) 保存试验
对于试验品的含有食材的液态调味料,进行与试验例1同样的操作,对容器内和从容器中取出后的液态调味料的颜色变化进行评价。
(4) 试验结果
上述的各试验结果和试验品的粘度测定值见表4。
[表4]
如表4所示,即使变更食材(水果、蔬菜)和果汁的种类,含有规定量的水不溶性粉末的含有食材的液态调味料,无论是在容器内还是从容器中取出后,液态调味料的色调也均良好,有果汁感,且有食材的存在感。另外,即使在保存后,容器内和从容器中取出后的液态调味料的颜色也没有变化(实施例18~22)。而且,实施例的液态调味料均感觉不到来自水不溶性粉末的臭味,保存后也几乎感觉不到因果汁、果皮的劣化产生的怪味或来自水不溶性粉末的怪味,在气味方面良好。
产业实用性
本发明可在调味汁等液态调味料的制造领域中应用。
本说明书中引用的所有出版物、专利和专利申请均直接作为参考而纳入本说明书。
Claims (8)
1.含有食材的液态调味料,该液态调味料含有:(A)食材、(B)水不溶性粉末、(C)选自果汁、蔬菜汁和色素的至少一种、以及(D)粘度调节剂。
2.权利要求1所述的含有食材的液态调味料,其中,上述食材为果皮和/或果肉。
3.权利要求1或2所述的含有食材的液态调味料,其中,上述水不溶性粉末为谷类粉末。
4.权利要求3所述的含有食材的液态调味料,其中,上述谷类粉末为选自豆腐渣粉末、大豆粉末、黄豆粉、米粉、玉米粉和苋菜粉末的至少一种。
5.权利要求1~4中任一项所述的含有食材的液态调味料,其中,上述粘度调节剂为选自胶类和加工淀粉的至少一种。
6.权利要求1~5中任一项所述的含有食材的液态调味料,其中,上述水不溶性粉末在液态调味料中的含量为0.05~3.0质量%。
7.权利要求1~6中任一项所述的含有食材的液态调味料,该液态调味料在常温下使用B型粘度计测定的粘度为500mPa·s以上。
8.提高含有食材的液态调味料中的液态调味料整体的色调和食材存在感的方法,其特征在于:在包含食材的液态调味料中掺混水不溶性粉末、选自果汁、蔬菜汁和色素的至少一种、和粘度调节剂。
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