CN111545185B - 基于离子液体的光催化剂制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
基于离子液体的光催化剂制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明实施例公开了一种基于离子液体的光催化剂制备方法及其应用,所述方法包括:步骤1:在常温下将原料与离子液体介质充分混合;步骤2:加入反应环境调控剂,充分混合;步骤3:加入高分子添加剂,充分混合后加热至100℃‑160℃;步骤4:保温2‑24h;步骤5:降温,离心分离,去离子水润洗,形成高分子‑金属氧化物复合物的光催化剂,完成制备。本发明采用离子液体作为反应介质,可以对晶体成核、晶面生长进程起到诱导和调控作用,且离子液体安全清洁,反应产物中很容易清洗至无杂质残留;加入高分子添加剂,以高分子‑金属界面对晶核成长进行限制,从而有效控制产物粒径,增大比表面积。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及空气治理技术领域,尤其涉及一种基于离子液体的光催化剂制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
在室内装修后的空气治理领域中,挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOC)去除是一个比较难在短时间内解决的问题。装修材料中,有机溶剂挥发需要一个过程,这决定了装修完后需要放置通风较长时间,大部分VOC才能够彻底挥发。目前行业内对VOC治理方法中,见效最快,适用面最广的,就是氧化法,然而氧化剂的有效周期较短,难以保持在VOC挥发周期中持续有效,而利用光催化剂在光照下产生的氧化性可以绿色、安全地解决这一问题。目前的光催化产品,常见的有下述几种方法:
1.采用溶胶凝胶法+高温煅烧。溶胶凝胶法所得光催化剂,结晶度偏低,需要高温煅烧提高结晶度,而高温煅烧过程,会导致催化剂聚集,增大催化剂晶粒,导致比表面积下降,从而降低量子转化率,降低处理效率。但此法最简单易行,是最常见的制造方法。
2.采用水热法或溶剂热法。此类方法,可以得到结晶度高,粒径也较小的光催化剂,但制备过程中需要用到压力设备,因而单批产量受限,且设备造价高,目前国内没有企业按照这种方法大规模生产。另外,此法产物需要繁复的清洗分离过程,以获得较为纯净的产物。
3.气相法。如化学气相沉积(CVD),借助气相化学反应在基底上沉积固体材料,这也是一种较为常见的方法,但需要的设备较为专业,生产中粒径通常控制在20nm左右,也比较难达到更低。
4.电沉积法。离子在电场作用下迁移并沉积到电极上形成产物,所用到的电极与工艺参数需要精密控制,同时产率也受限。
发明内容
本发明实施例所要解决的技术问题在于,提供一种基于离子液体的光催化剂制备方法及其应用,以使能够有效控制产物粒径,增大比表面积,且反应产物中很容易清洗至无杂质残留。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明实施例提出了一种基于离子液体的光催化剂制备方法,包括:
步骤1:在常温下将原料与离子液体介质充分混合,离子液体介质为氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑、烷基膦二氨氰、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二氨氰、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑甲基磺酸盐中的一种,原料为四氯化钛、钛酸异丙醇、钛酸四丁酯、醋酸锌、偏钨酸铵、醋酸铜、氯化亚铜、硝酸银中的一种或多种;
步骤2:加入反应环境调控剂,充分混合;反应环境调控剂为硼氢化钠、四氢铝锂、硫酸乙酯、磷酸、柠檬酸、卟啉、咪唑中的一种或多种;
步骤3:加入高分子添加剂,充分混合后加热至100℃-160℃,高分子添加剂为聚苯乙烯、聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酸中的一种;
步骤4:保温2-24h;
步骤5:降温,离心分离,去离子水润洗,形成高分子-金属氧化物复合物的光催化剂,完成制备。
进一步地,离子液体介质占总质量的90-95%,原料占总质量的0.1-5%,反应环境调控剂占总质量的0.05-1%,高分子添加剂占总质量的2-5%。
进一步地,所述离子液体介质的含水率低于0.1%。
相应地,根据上述基于离子液体的光催化剂制备方法制备得到的光催化剂应用于室内装修污染治理。
本发明的有益效果为:本发明采用离子液体作为反应介质,相较于传统液相采用的水或者溶剂,介质中充满的阴阳离子可以对晶体成核、晶面生长进程起到诱导和调控作用,且离子液体安全清洁,反应产物中很容易清洗至无杂质残留;本发明加入高分子添加剂,以高分子-金属界面对晶核成长进行限制,从而有效控制产物粒径,增大比表面积。所得产物高分子聚合物与金属氧化物的光催化剂复合,在应用中可作为涂料使用,简单易行。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例的基于离子液体的光催化剂制备方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
需要说明的是,在不冲突的情况下,本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合,下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
本发明实施例中若有方向性指示(诸如上、下、左、右、前、后……)仅用于解释在某一特定姿态(如附图所示)下各部件之间的相对位置关系、运动情况等,如果该特定姿态发生改变时,则该方向性指示也相应地随之改变。
另外,在本发明中若涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。
请参照图1,本发明实施例的基于离子液体的光催化剂制备方法包括:
步骤1:在常温下将原料与离子液体介质充分混合,离子液体介质为氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑、烷基膦二氨氰、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二氨氰、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑甲基磺酸盐中的一种,原料为四氯化钛、钛酸异丙醇、钛酸四丁酯、醋酸锌、偏钨酸铵、醋酸铜、氯化亚铜、硝酸银中的一种或多种;
步骤2:加入反应环境调控剂,充分混合;反应环境调控剂为硼氢化钠、四氢铝锂、硫酸乙酯、磷酸、柠檬酸、卟啉、咪唑中的一种或多种;
步骤3:加入高分子添加剂,充分混合后加热至100℃-160℃,高分子添加剂为聚苯乙烯、聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酸中的一种;
步骤4:保温2-24h;
步骤5:降温,离心分离,去离子水润洗,形成高分子-金属氧化物复合物的光催化剂,完成制备。
作为一种实施方式,离子液体介质占总质量的90-95%,原料占总质量的0.1-5%,反应环境调控剂占总质量的0.05-1%,高分子添加剂占总质量的2-5%。
作为一种实施方式,所述离子液体介质的含水率低于0.1%。
本发明实施例的原料、离子液体介质、反应环境调控剂、高分子添加剂均可采用现有的原料。本发明的离子液体介质,为制备提供环境,提供的阴阳离子诱导晶体生长机制。本发明的原料即金属氧化物的前驱体,最终转化为金属氧化物光催化剂。本发明的反应环境调控剂调整反应体系的氧化还原性、酸碱性,引入更多阴阳离子种类,以及提供配位基团。本发明的高分子添加剂包裹成核的金属氧化物,形成空间位阻,限制晶体长大。
具体实施例的实施数据如下:
制备条件如表1:
表1
对应的实验结果如表2:
表2
根据本发明的基于离子液体的光催化剂制备方法制备得到的光催化剂应用于室内装修污染治理。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同范围限定。
Claims (3)
1.一种基于离子液体的光催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
步骤1:在常温下将原料与离子液体介质充分混合,离子液体介质为氯化1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑、烷基膦二氨氰、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二氨氰、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑甲基磺酸盐中的一种,原料为四氯化钛、钛酸异丙醇、钛酸四丁酯、醋酸锌、氯化亚铜、硝酸银中的一种或多种;
步骤2:加入反应环境调控剂,充分混合;反应环境调控剂为硼氢化钠、四氢铝锂、磷酸、柠檬酸中的一种或多种;
步骤3:加入高分子添加剂,充分混合后加热至100℃-160℃,高分子添加剂为聚苯乙烯、聚乙二醇、聚丙烯酸中的一种;
步骤4:保温2-24h;
步骤5:降温,离心分离,去离子水润洗,形成高分子-金属氧化物复合物的光催化剂,完成制备;
离子液体介质占总质量的90-95%,原料占总质量的0.1-5%,反应环境调控剂占总质量的0.05-1%,高分子添加剂占总质量的2-5%。
2.如权利要求1所述的基于离子液体的光催化剂制备方法,其特征在于,所述离子液体介质的含水率低于0.1%。
3.一种如权利要求1-2中任一项所述的基于离子液体的光催化剂制备方法制备得到的光催化剂应用于室内装修污染治理。
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