CN111512809A - Efficient dwarf low-position grafting method for olive trees - Google Patents
Efficient dwarf low-position grafting method for olive trees Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of gardens, and particularly relates to an efficient dwarfing low-position grafting method for olive trees, which comprises the following steps: selection and treatment of S1 rootstock: s2 scion selection and treatment: s3: and (4) grafting the scion obtained in the step S2 to the rootstock obtained in the step S1 by adopting an embedding method. The adoption is saw and is connect low-order scarf joint method promptly, and it is good to heal up, and the scion treetop is shortened soon after surviving, and the crown is more rationally dwarfed, and the management is easier after the grafting, and it is faster to put into production, and efficiency is higher. The technical innovation is carried out on the cuts of the stocks, excessive bleeding, tannin materials, gum and the like are easily discharged after olive grafting, and the grafting survival rate is improved. The growth regulator 2-4D is adopted to treat the scion, and the scion junction is wrapped by a film and then is covered in a shading way, so that the generation of callus between the scion and the rootstock is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of gardens, and particularly relates to an efficient dwarfing low-position grafting method for olive trees.
Technical Field
Olives are characteristic subtropical evergreen fruit trees in the south, and it is common to seed and sow seeds in the past. The trunk of the actual olive is upright, the tree body is tall and big, and the production management is extremely inconvenient; the olive seeds have the property of polyblast, the offspring variation is large, the seedling quality is mixed, the adult trees do not blossom or bear fruits, the yield is low, and the inferior ratio is very high. At present, a great amount of existing inferior olive trees need to be transformed by grafting good varieties.
The olive grafting survival rate is low, and the grafting types are three types: big tree grafting, small tree grafting and small seedling grafting, wherein the diameter of a stock of a small tree and a small seedling is less than 7cm, the adopted grafting methods comprise a cutting grafting method, a cleft grafting method, a belly grafting method and the like, and the technical method is the same as that of other fruit tree grafting methods; a big tree grafting method with the rootstock diameter of more than 7cm generally adopts an embedding grafting method, and also adopts cut-grafted trees, but grafting is difficult to heal after grafting, part of grafting still continues to die after the big tree survives until the big tree grows 1-2 times, and the growing of the branch is easy to blow by wind because the trunk and the scion are not well healed. For olive trees with upright trunks and tall tree bodies (the trunk is more than 2m from the ground and the diameter is 10 cm), the grafting method adopts the following three methods: 1. sawing off the stem at the position of 1.5-2m, and grafting at a high position; 2. grafting on the upper position of the main branch 1.5m away from the ground; 3. sawing off the trunk at the position of 60-80cm, and performing low-position grafting in the next spring after the trunk is drawn out of a new tip. The scarfing method is generally implemented in olive big tree grafting because the contact surface of the stock and the scion is large and tight, the scion is well healed, the scion has quick treetop after survival and the crown is early formed, but the high-position grafting (the position of a main trunk and a main branch is 1.5-2 m) is dangerous to operate, the management after grafting is difficult, and the dwarfing growth of the crown is not facilitated; and when the trunk is sawed off by 60-80cm and young shoots grow and are aged in the next year and then are grafted at a low position, the time is missed by one year, the early production is not facilitated, and the efficiency is low.
The olive is high in bleeding, tannin and gum content, so that the cut positions of the stocks are easy to be filled with the substances in a large amount during grafting, the grafting survival rate is low, particularly for grafting of main stems or main branches of the big olives by an embedding method, but in the traditional embedding method, the cut depths, widths and inclinations of the stocks are not well treated, the bleeding substances of the big olives are more, the grafted bleeding substances such as tannin and gum cannot be discharged, and the junction of the stocks and the ears is damaged and rotten, which is one of the reasons for the low grafting survival rate of the big olives; the existing grafting tools are all made of steel, and the tannin of the olive rootstock and the scion cut is contacted with an iron cutter to form brown tannin iron, so that the grafting survival rate is also influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of slow production, low survival rate and the like of dwarf grafting of tall olives in the prior art and provides a high-efficiency dwarf low-position grafting method for olive trees.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an efficient dwarfing low-position grafting method for olive trees comprises the following steps:
selection and treatment of S1 rootstock:
s11, selecting olive trees, wherein the diameter of a main rod 2m away from the ground is 8-20 cm;
s12, sawing off the olive trees selected in the step S11 at a position 60-80cm away from the ground to obtain stocks;
s13, making 2-3 scion openings on the rootstock obtained in the step S12;
s2 scion selection and treatment:
s3: and (4) grafting the scion obtained in the step S2 to the rootstock obtained in the step S1 by adopting an embedding method.
Preferably, the scion notch in step S13 is a V-shaped notch, and the bottom of the V-shaped notch is inclined downwards and forms an angle of 45 degrees with the axial direction of the trunk
The step S2 scion selection and processing comprises the following steps:
s21, selecting branches of the olive tree variety to be grafted, wherein the selected branches grow for more than 2 years, and the selected branches are full in bud points, do not bear fruits and are 1.5-3 cm in diameter;
s22, cutting the branches selected in the step S21 into 10-12cm, and cutting one end of each branch into a wedge shape matched with the scion opening; and reserving 2-3 bud points on the branches, wherein the distance from the upper edge of the wedge-shaped cut of the scion to the bud points is 1-2 cm, and thus obtaining the scion.
Preferably, the grafting of the scion to the rootstock in the step S3 includes the following steps:
s31, inserting the scion into the scion opening to enable a scion cortex to be aligned with a stock cortex, and enabling a xylem of a scion cutting opening to be in interference fit with the xylem of the scion opening, wherein the distance between the bottom end of the scion and the bottom end of the scion opening is 0.5-1.5 cm; the distance between the inner side surface of the scion and the inner side of the scion opening is 0.5-1 cm;
s32, wrapping and winding the scion opening and the scion by using a film.
The diameter of the main rod of the olive tree selected by the method in the rootstock selection process, which is 2m away from the ground, is more than 8cm, and preferably 10-20 cm. The grafting is carried out after sawing off 60-80cm away from the ground, so that the later-stage management is facilitated, and dangerous accidents in the management process of high-position grafting are avoided. When the scion opening is made on the sawn stock, firstly, a sentence is adopted to saw an opening obliquely on the cross section of the stock, and then a special grafting knife is used to cut on two sides or 3 directions of the cross section to be used as the scion inserting opening.
When scions are selected, high-quality olive trees are selected, robust branches which do not fruit and have plump bud eyes grow for 2 years at the periphery of the crowns, and the diameter of each branch is 1.5-3 cm. And (3) cutting the selected branches into 10-12cm, and then cutting the scion end into a wedge shape by using a grafting knife to be matched with the scion opening. The distance from the upper edge of the cut position of the scion to the bud of the scion is 1-2 cm. When the scion is embedded into the scion opening, the scion can form interference fit with the scion opening, and the cortex of one side of the scion and the stock is ensured to be closely aligned with the wood layers of the two sides.
The scion opening is cut into a V shape, namely a V-shaped long groove is cut at the edge of the cross section of the stock, and the bottom surface of the V-shaped groove is inclined downwards to form an angle of 45 degrees with the central axis of the trunk. When the scion is embedded into the V-shaped scion opening, the distance between the bottom of the scion and the bottom surface of the V-shaped long groove-shaped scion opening is 0.5-1.5 cm; the distance from the last surface of the cutting opening of the scion to the inner side of the scion opening is 0.5-1 cm. The inner side surface of the scion cutting opening refers to the surface of the scion facing the inside of the V-shaped scion opening after the scion is embedded into the V-shaped scion opening. Therefore, a cavity is formed between the scion and the V-shaped scion opening, and substances such as flow wound, tannin, gum and the like generated by olive wound can flow out more effectively to prevent the scion from rotting.
Preferably, in the step S2, in the selection and treatment of the scion, the obtained scion is used for scraping the wedge-shaped cut of the scion for 2-4 times by using a ceramic knife, and then is soaked in a 2-4D solution of a growth regulator with the concentration of 30-60 ppm.
Preferably, in the step S31, before the scion is inserted into the scion opening, the ceramic knife is used to scrape the scion wedge-shaped incision 2-4 times.
The existing grafting tools are all made of steel, and the tannin of the olive rootstock and the scion cut is contacted with an iron cutter to form brown tannin iron, so that the grafting survival rate is also influenced. The ceramic knife is used for scraping the scions before the scions to remove substances such as tannin iron and the like on the surface, so that the survival rate is improved. The scions are soaked in the growth regulator 2-4D to promote the accelerated formation of callus and further improve the survival rate.
Preferably, after the film strip is wrapped in the step S32, a gap is left between the film strip and the bottom end of the scion, and finally, the film strip is subjected to shading treatment and rainproof treatment. ,
gaps are reserved between the bottom ends of the scion openings bound by the film belts, so that the rotten films which flow out to prevent the scions can be conveniently shaded, the scions can be conveniently sleeved by film bags to be rainproof, and the survival rate of grafting can be improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the efficient dwarfing low-position grafting method for the olive trees, the trunk is well healed by adopting a sawing-grafting low-position scarf joint method, the scions are quickly trepped after survival, the crowns are more reasonably dwarfed, the management after grafting is easier, the production is quicker, and the efficiency is higher. The technical innovation is carried out on the cut of the middle stock, excessive bleeding, tannin substances, gum and the like are easily discharged after olive grafting, and the grafting survival rate is improved. The cut of the rootstock and the cut surface of the scion are finally processed by a ceramic knife, so that brown tannin iron formed by olive tannin and an iron knife, the surface of which is unfavorable for callus generation, is removed, and the grafting success rate is improved. The growth regulator 2-4D is adopted to treat the scion, and the scion junction is wrapped by a transparent film and then is covered in a shading way, so that the generation of callus between the scion and the rootstock is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rootstock and a scion in the grafting method of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a combination of a rootstock and a scion in the grafting method of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a rootstock in the grafting method of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise specified, the devices used in the present examples, comparative examples and experimental examples were all conventional experimental devices, the materials and reagents used were commercially available without specific reference, and the experimental methods without specific reference were also conventional experimental methods.
Examples
An efficient dwarfing low-position grafting method for olive trees comprises the following specific operations:
1. grafting time and weather condition selection
1-3 months per year, namely before the 'frightening hibernation', on clear days, the scion is nearly germinated, the stock is not germinated yet, and the grafting survival rate is high.
2. Rootstock selection and treatment
Selecting strong olive big trees, wherein the age of the trees is generally more than 7 years, the diameter of the trunk is more than 8cm from the ground 2m, the root system grows well, and the trunk is sawed off at the position of 60-80cm by a saw.
Cutting 2-3 cuts on two sides or 3 directions of a cross section according to the diameter of a main trunk of the stock, obliquely sawing a notch on the cross section of the stock by a saw, then trimming the notch by a special grafting knife, wherein the notch is in a flat V shape with an outward opening, the bottom surface of the V-shaped notch is obliquely downward and forms a 45-degree oblique angle with the trunk, the depth of the notch is greater than the cutting surface length of the scion, the size of the notch is smaller than the width of the scion, when the scion is inserted, the scion and the notch form interference fit, and the scion cortex is aligned with the stock cortex
3. Scion selection and treatment
Selecting old branches (with the diameter of about 2 cm) which grow fully at the periphery of the crown of a high-quality variety olive tree growing for 2 years and have plump bud points and do not bear fruits as scions, cutting off leaves and upper end twigs, immediately wrapping the young branches with clean wet cloth for moisturizing, and harvesting the scions for immediate grafting or using the scions for the same day. The length of the grafted spike is about 10-12 cm.
5. Taking out the scion, cutting off the redundant part by using scissors, reserving 2-3 buds, cutting three sides of one end of the scion into a wedge shape by using a grafting knife, wherein the size of the wedge shape is slightly larger than the cut of the stock, the shape of the wedge shape is matched with the outer half side of the flat V-shaped cut of the stock, and the distance between the upper end of the cut of the scion and the position of the reserved bud is about 1.5 cm.
6. The sliced surface of the scion is processed by a ceramic knife to remove brown tannin iron formed by olive tannin and an iron knife, the surface of which is unfavorable for the generation of callus, and then the processed scion is put into a 2-4D50ppm solution of a growth regulator.
7. The ceramic knife is used for lightly scraping the surface of the cut of the stock, brown tannin iron formed by tannin and iron knives is removed, the scion is taken out, clean gauze is used for wiping moisture, then the cut of the stock is rapidly inserted and lightly tapped by the knife handle, the scion and the cut form interference fit, one cortex and two wood layers of the scion and the stock are ensured to be closely aligned, one side of the cut of the scion is higher than the stock by 0.5cm, and healing is facilitated. When the scion is inserted, gaps are left between the bottom surface of the cut and the inner side of the cut and the scion by about 0.5cm, so that the problem of bleeding and discharging of the grafting opening is solved. The cut of the stock and the graft contact wound waterproof ditch are tightly wrapped by a multilayer film tape from bottom to top, the stock and the graft contact wound waterproof ditch cannot be completely sealed by the film, and a small hole is reserved. And tightly wrapping the contact surface of the scion with a layer of film to the cross section of the scion, twisting the film into a rope, and winding the rope around the scion from top to bottom, wherein the film is not bound to bud points.
8. Special glue is coated on the transparent film of the grafting opening for shading treatment, so that the healing layer is promoted to be quickly formed. And finally, sheathing the stock and the scion by using a film self-sealing bag to play a role in keeping moisture and preventing rain, and taking the scion after the scion bud grows out.
9. Post-grafting management
Before scions are not extracted, ants are prevented from damaging scion bud points; the scion shoot period is synchronous with the peak period of the olive psylla and the malignant phyllanthus, the new shoot is extremely easy to be damaged by the high-peak period, and the pyrethroid pesticide with low toxicity and no leaf tip is applied to control in time; if continuous rainy days occur, attention is paid to prevent anthracnose. The scion is just pulled out, shade is also taken to prevent the young shoots from being sunburned by sunlight, the scion is prevented from being folded after being pulled out for 2 times, and the scion is bound and fixed by a fixing strip.
The specific matching mode of the rootstock and the scion is specifically explained by combining the attached drawings: 2-3V-shaped cuts 2 (scion openings) are formed in the rootstock 1. The bottom surface of the V-shaped notch 2 is inclined downwards and forms an angle alpha with the axial direction of the rootstock 1, and the angle alpha is 45 degrees. The bottom of the prepared scion 3 is cut into wedge-shaped sections 4 at two sides. When the scion 3 is grafted on the rootstock 1, the wedge-shaped tangent plane 4 and the V-shaped notch 2 form interference fit, and the cortex of one side of the scion and the rootstock is ensured to be closely aligned with the wood layers of two sides. The distance between the bottom end of the scion 3 and the bottom surface of the V-shaped notch is d1, the distance between the scion 3 and the inner side of the V-shaped notch is d2, d1 is 0.5-1.5 cm, and d2 is 0.5-1 cm. The distance between the upper edge of the wedge-shaped tangent plane 4 and the section of the rootstock 1 is d3, and the distance d3 is about 0.5 cm.
Examples of the experiments
Comparing the improved scarf joint method of 8-year-old olive trees by sawing and grafting and the branch tip cutting method of next year after trunk cutting in the same year, the obtained 2-year-old olive trees have the results shown in table 1. The survival rate of grafting and the growth condition of the grafted tree were compared with those of the conventional grafting method, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 18 comparison of the results of 2-year old olive trees with two trunks grafted at low position
TABLE 28 comparison of conventional, modified and cut grafting of olive trees
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the olive trees obtained by the grafting method have better survival rate, and the growth condition of the olive trees is better than that of the common grafting method.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An efficient dwarfing low-position grafting method for olive trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selection and treatment of S1 rootstock:
s11, selecting olive trees, wherein the diameter of a main rod 2m away from the ground is 8-20 cm;
s12, sawing off the olive trees selected in the step S11 at a position 60-80cm away from the ground to obtain stocks;
s13, making 2-3 scion openings on the rootstock obtained in the step S12;
s2 scion selection and treatment:
s3: and (4) grafting the scion obtained in the step S2 to the rootstock obtained in the step S1 by adopting an embedding method.
2. The efficient dwarfing low grafting method of olive trees according to claim 1, wherein the scion cut in step S13 is a V-shaped cut, and the bottom of the V-shaped cut is inclined downward at an angle of 45 ° to the axial direction of the trunk.
3. The olive tree efficient dwarf low-position grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the step S2 scion selection and treatment comprises the following steps:
s21, selecting branches of the olive tree variety to be grafted, wherein the selected branches grow for more than 2 years, and the selected branches are full in bud points, do not bear fruits and are 1.5-3 cm in diameter;
s22, cutting the branches selected in the step S21 into 10-12cm, and cutting one end of each branch into a wedge shape matched with the scion opening; and reserving 2-3 bud points on the branches, wherein the distance from the upper edge of the wedge-shaped cut of the scion to the bud points is 1-2 cm, and thus obtaining the scion.
4. The olive tree efficient dwarf low-position grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the grafting of the scion to the rootstock in the step S3 comprises the following steps:
s31, inserting the scion into the scion opening to enable a scion cortex to be aligned with a stock cortex, and enabling a xylem of a scion cutting opening to be in interference fit with the xylem of the scion opening, wherein the distance between the bottom end of the scion and the bottom end of the scion opening is 0.5-1.5 cm; the distance between the inner side surface of the scion and the inner side of the scion opening is 0.5-1 cm;
s32, wrapping and winding the scion opening and the scion by using a film tape.
5. The olive tree efficient dwarfing low-position grafting method according to claim 3, characterized in that in step S22, the obtained scion is subjected to 2-4 times of scion wedge-shaped incision scraping by a ceramic knife and then is soaked in a 2-4D solution of a growth regulator with a concentration of 30-60 ppm.
6. The olive tree high-efficiency dwarfing low-position grafting method according to claim 4, wherein in the step S31, before the scion is inserted into the scion opening, the ceramic knife is used for scraping the scion wedge-shaped incision for 2-4 times.
7. The efficient dwarfing low-position grafting method for olive trees according to claim 4, characterized in that after the step S32 is wrapped by the film strip, a gap is left between the film strip and the bottom end of the scion mouth, and finally the film strip is subjected to shading treatment and rain-proof treatment.
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| 刘振亚: "《核桃栽培》", 31 December 1983, 河南科学技术出版社 * |
| 广西林业学校主编: "《森林植物学》", 31 August 1981, 中国林业出版社 * |
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