CN113491205A - Camellia oleifera hard branch grafting method - Google Patents
Camellia oleifera hard branch grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
A method for grafting hard branches of camellia oleifera belongs to the technical field of vegetative propagation of plants, and comprises the steps of selecting stocks, selecting scions, preparing wrapping barks, processing the scions, processing the stocks, grafting, processing the wrapping, performing primary maintenance, performing secondary maintenance, performing post-management and the like, so that the hard branches of the old camellia oleifera tree, which are completely lignified, in the current year are grafted to stocks of young camellia oleifera trees or stocks of middle-age camellia oleifera trees, and the duration of grafting work is greatly prolonged; the hard branch grafting is combined with the binding leather prepared from ramie bark for binding, the stock and the scion are cut after a cutting method is adopted to clean a cutter so as to reduce wound discomfort, the scion can be quickly grafted and avoid dislocation with the stock by adopting the reticular elastic sleeve for binding, and the survival rate and the labor efficiency are effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetative propagation of plants, and particularly relates to a camellia oleifera hard branch grafting method.
Background
Camellia oleifera is a species for oil in the genus Camellia of the family Theaceae, and in the present study, Camellia oleifera refers to a general term for a tree species having a high oil content in seeds and a certain cultivation area in the genus Camellia. The main product of the oil tea is tea oil, which is healthy edible oil that is intensively popularized by grain and agriculture organizations of the united nations, and the content of unsaturated fatty acid is up to more than 90 percent, so the oil tea is known as 'oriental olive oil'. In recent years, under the international environment that the living standard of people is continuously improved, the demand of grain and oil is globally increased and the price of grain and oil is continuously increased, the country vigorously promotes the planting of the camellia oleifera, and the demand of seedling resources is particularly in short supply.
The grafting method mainly adopted by the camellia oleifera seedling raising includes a chimeric grafting method, a medullary cambium butt-joint method, a cutting grafting method, a belly cutting grafting method, a tenoning bud grafting method and the like. The methods generally adopt twig grafting, the twigs are considered to be easy to survive traditionally, and the method adopting the twig grafting has very wide application in production and application due to simple and convenient operation, high survival rate and low grafting cost. In the Wuling mountain area, the grafting of the oil tea can be generally carried out only from the middle of 5 months to the last 6 months, the duration is only about 25 days, the grafting operation time is short, and the development of the oil tea industry is seriously influenced; in addition, the survival rate of the existing camellia oleifera twig grafting is only 60-70% generally, and the survival rate still needs to be improved.
Patent document 202010678138.X discloses a method for grafting camellia oleifera twig, which is a novel method for performing stumping and stock breaking on a camellia oleifera big tree needing variety updating in winter in the first year to ensure that a stock sprouts out to give out new buds, and grafting improved varieties of camellia oleifera scions by utilizing the germinated semi-lignified new tips in May. The method effectively solves the problem of withering and bursting of the oil-tea tree stocks, promotes the renewal and rejuvenation of the main stems, has high grafting survival rate in summer, few single-plant grafting scions and can repeatedly graft plants which are not successfully grafted, but the method can only graft in 5 months.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem and provides a hard branch grafting method which utilizes the growth characteristic of hard branches to prolong the grafting operation time and utilizes fresh ramie bark to wrap so as to improve the grafting survival rate.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is a method for grafting camellia oleifera hard branches, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting rootstock: selecting a middle-age forest with the best age of 6-10 years and the maximum age of no more than 40 years from young tea-oil trees, and taking a straight branch part 15-35cm away from the trunk of the tea-oil tree as a stock.
Selecting the cion: and selecting branches which sprout in the current year and are completely lignified on the old camellia oleifera as scions.
Preparing the binding skin: selecting the current-year ramie, cutting back the ramie, removing the outer skin by using a ramie cutter, dividing the ramie into 4 to 6 parts, controlling the length to be 50 to 60 centimeters, and hanging the ramie in a shade place for one night to obtain fresh ramie bark serving as a wrapping bark for later use.
Fourth, scion treatment: cutting the hard branch into scions with the length of 3-5 cm, and enabling each scion to have 1-2 buds; beveling 1/3 xylem at 0.9-1.1 cm back of scion lower bud; the back surface is cut into a long slope with the length of a smooth slope of 1-2 cm, and the front surface is cut into a short slope with the length of the smooth slope of 0.5-0.9 cm, so that the lower end of the scion forms a flat wedge shape.
Carrying out fifth stock treatment: sawing off the stock at the straight position of the branch 15-35cm away from the trunk, and cutting the cut into a smooth plane.
Sixthly, grafting treatment: a grafting knife is clung to the xylem of the rootstock and is vertically cut off to form a split port, and the length of the cut is 2.7-3.3 cm; and slightly prying the cut by using a grafting knife, quickly inserting the cut scion into the cut of the rootstock, and at least aligning and closely adhering the scion and a cambium on one side of the rootstock to each other.
Bundle-killing treatment: clinging one side of the cambium of the binding skin to the stock, tightly winding the cut part and the joint part of the stock in a spiral descending mode, then quickly binding and fixing the cut part and the joint part by using a packaging string, and carefully winding to avoid dislocation of the scion and the cambium of the stock; the ramie bark that adopts fresh toughness good and not kick-back to bind like this, the cutting position on laminating stock and the scion that can be better, and the ramie bark after a period of shady and cool can dewater to a certain extent, can suitably absorb the liquid in the stock after binding, fuses together and the flow of protection stock tree sap fast with the stock, promotes wound healing, improves the survival rate.
First-level maintenance: and (3) bending and supporting the preservative film by using two bamboo strips in a crossed manner, covering the grafting part with the preservative film and binding the preservative film tightly, and enabling the bound bamboo strips to be 5-10cm higher than the top end of the scion so as to prevent moisture evaporation and block the growth of new shoots.
Maintenance of the self-skin at the second stage: and installing sun-shading equipment, namely additionally supporting the sun-shading space by using bamboo strips, and sheathing and binding by using portrait materials or bamboo shells to block strong sunlight.
The method has the following advantages: within 40-60 days, after the young shoots grow out, the preservative film is removed after the young shoots fall in the cloudy day or in the evening (the young shoots are only broken when the bags are broken, the preservative film is removed after the young shoots are drawn out), the packaging strings are untied and bound again, the young shoots are not bound too tightly, and the sun-shading equipment is removed and the strings are removed after October.
The branches of the old camellia oleifera tree which germinates in the current year and are completely lignified are hard branch branches collected from the middle and late junipers to the middle and middle october which germinate in the current year and are more than 5 years old.
The third step of tightening can adopt a reticular elastic sleeve, the method comprises the steps of firstly sleeving the reticular elastic sleeve on the stock, quickly lifting the reticular elastic sleeve in real time when the binding skin tightly winds the stock, enabling the elastic sleeve to tightly wrap the binding skin, then tightening by using a string, and then carrying out the first step; the binding is not needed to be performed again after the packaging string is untied, and the net-shaped elastic sleeve is cut off when the spring begins in the next year after the sun-shading equipment is removed; therefore, the wrapping skin can be quickly wrapped, the scion and the stock are prevented from being staggered, and the wrapping skin is continuously wrapped to protect the scion and the stock from overwintering.
Further, the scion is collected before 10 am or after 5 pm on a cloudy day or a sunny day.
Further, the preservation time of the scions is within 3-7 days.
The cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are kept clean in the grafting process, and the blade of the grafting knife is cleaned before the rootstock or the scion is cut and then is scraped on the waste new branch in a cutting mode to clean the blade; therefore, the pollution to the cut surface can be effectively reduced, the adaptability of the rootstock and the scion is improved, and the wound healing is accelerated.
Furthermore, the bottom of the cut on the rootstock is in an inclined state.
Further, the shading operation is to shade 60-70% of the sunlight.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method has the advantages that the annual hard branch on the old camellia oleifera is adopted for hard branch grafting, so that the grafting time is greatly prolonged; the time of the existing twig grafting lasts for about 25 days from the middle and last ten days of 5 months to the last 6 months, and the time of the hard branch grafting adopted by the method can last for about 55 days from the middle and last ten days of 6 months to the middle and last 8 months.
Fresh ramie bark with good toughness is bound and then tightly bound by a string, so that the flowing of sap in the rootstock can be better protected, and the healing of wounds is promoted; the survival rate is greatly improved by cleaning the blade by a cutting method and combining hard branch grafting and other methods, the survival rate of crown-changing hard branch grafting in young forests is higher than that of twig grafting by more than 25 percent, and the survival rate of crown-changing hard branch grafting on middle-age camellia oleifera trees is higher than 20 percent.
The binding skin can be fast wrapped by the net-shaped elastic sleeve, so that the scion and the stock can be prevented from being staggered, and the labor efficiency can be improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are intended to illustrate the invention but not to limit it further, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1.
The embodiment provides a camellia oleifera hard branch grafting method, wherein a research and development team performs a hard branch grafting experiment on two mu of tea trees in 5 groups of Shijia Zhenhoucun in Qianjiang district of Chongqing city in 6-7 months in 2020, and the grafting comprises the following steps:
selecting rootstock: selecting the camellia oleifera with the age of 6-8 years, and taking straight branches 15-25cm away from the trunks of the camellia oleifera as rootstocks.
Selecting the cion: selecting hard branches which sprout in the current year and are completely lignified on the old camellia oleifera.
Preparing the binding skin: selecting current-year ramie, cutting back the ramie, removing the outer skin by using a ramie cutter, dividing the ramie into 4-6 parts, preferably controlling the length to be 50-60 cm, and hanging the ramie in a shade place for one night to obtain fresh ramie skin as a wrapping skin for later use; the wrapping skin can be stored only in a shade place, and the storage time cannot exceed 7 days.
Fourth, scion treatment: collecting the hard branch as scions before 10 am or 5 pm on cloudy days or sunny days, cutting the hard branch into 3-4 cm long scions, and enabling each scion to have 2 buds and each bud to leave a half leaf; obliquely cutting the back surface of the scion lower bud at a position of 0.9-1.1 cm; cutting the back into a smooth slope with the length of 1-2 cm, and beveling 2/5 xylem; cutting the front surface into a short inclined surface with the length of a smooth inclined surface of 0.5-0.9 cm, and beveling 2/5 xylem; the lower end face leaves 1/5 xylem; so that the lower end of the scion forms a flat wedge shape.
Carrying out fifth stock treatment: sawing off the stock at the straight position of the branch 15-25cm away from the trunk, and cutting the cut into a smooth plane.
Sixthly, grafting treatment: a grafting knife is clung to the xylem of the rootstock and is vertically cut off to form a split port, and the length of the cut is 2.7-3.3 cm; slightly prying the cut by using a grafting knife, quickly inserting the cut scion into the cut of the stock, and aligning and closely adhering the long inclined plane of the scion to the cambium of the stock; at least, the scion and the cambium on one side of the stock are aligned and closely attached to each other.
The grafting knife is adopted to clean the blade by adopting cutting scraping on the waste new branch after the stock or the scion is cleaned, and then cutting is carried out.
Bundle-killing treatment: tightly clinging the cambium side of the binding skin to the stock, tightly winding the cut part and the tight joint part of the stock in a spiral descending mode, then tightly binding and fixing by using a binding string, and carefully winding to avoid the scion from being staggered with the cambium of the stock.
First-level maintenance: and (3) bending and supporting the preservative film by using two bamboo strips in a crossed manner, covering the grafting part with the preservative film and binding the preservative film, and enabling the bound bamboo strips to be 5-10cm higher than the top end of the scion so as to prevent moisture from evaporating and prevent the grafting port from being filled with water.
Maintenance of the self-skin at the second stage: and installing a sun-shading device, namely additionally supporting the sun-shading space by using bamboo strips, and sheathing and binding by using portrait materials as a sun-shading net to block strong sunlight.
The method has the following advantages: and within 40-60 days, after the young shoots grow out, removing the preservative film after the young shoots grow in the cloudy day or in the sunset at the evening, unting the packaging strings, binding again, and removing the sunshade net and removing the strings in October.
Example 2.
The embodiment provides an oil tea hardwood grafting method, wherein a research and development team selects 2.5 mu of oil tea forest from 2 groups of juneberry yellow mud village in Pengshui county in Chongqing City in 7 months in 2020 for performing a hardwood grafting experiment, and the grafting comprises the following steps:
selecting rootstock: selecting middle-age forest camellia oleifera with the age of 30-50 years, and taking straight branches 25-35 cm away from the trunks of the camellia oleifera as rootstocks.
Selecting the cion: selecting hard branches which sprout in the current year and are completely lignified on the old camellia oleifera.
Preparing the binding skin: selecting current-year ramie, cutting back the ramie, removing the outer skin by using a ramie cutter, dividing the ramie into 4-6 parts, controlling the length to be 50-60 cm, and hanging the ramie in a shade place for 24 hours to obtain fresh ramie bark as a wrapping bark for later use; the wrapping skin can be stored only in a shade place, and the storage time cannot exceed 7 days.
Fourth, scion treatment: cutting the hard branch into scions with the length of 3-5 cm before 10 am or 5 pm on cloudy or sunny days, and enabling each scion to have 1-2 buds; beveling 1/3 xylem at 0.9-1.1 cm back of scion lower bud; the back surface is cut into a long slope with the length of a smooth slope of 1-2 cm, and the front surface is cut into a short slope with the length of the smooth slope of 0.5-0.9 cm, so that the lower end of the scion forms a flat wedge shape.
Carrying out fifth stock treatment: sawing off the stock at the straight position of the branch 15-35cm away from the trunk, and cutting the cut into a smooth plane.
Sixthly, grafting treatment: the grafting knife is clung to the xylem of the stock to be vertically cut off, the length of the cut is 2.7-3.3 cm, and the bottom of the cut is in an inclined state; then, a reticular elastic sleeve is sleeved below the cut of the stock, a grafting knife is used for slightly prying the cut, the cut scion is quickly inserted into the cut of the stock, and the scion and the cambium of the stock are aligned with each other and tightly attached to each other; at least ensuring that the scion and the cambium on one side of the stock are aligned with each other and tightly attached; the net-shaped elastic sleeve is a tubular net-shaped structure body made of elastic rubber.
The grafting knife is adopted to clean the blade by adopting cutting scraping on the waste new branch after the stock or the scion is cleaned, and then cutting is carried out.
Bundle-killing treatment: tightly winding the cutting part and the tight joint part of the stock tightly by using one side of the forming layer of the binding skin to cling to the stock and spirally descending, carefully winding to avoid the scion from being staggered with the forming layer of the stock, then lifting the reticular elastic sleeve to enable the reticular elastic sleeve to tightly wrap the binding skin, and then tightly binding the reticular elastic sleeve by using a string.
First-level maintenance: and (3) bending and supporting the preservative film by using two bamboo strips in a crossed manner, covering the grafting part with the preservative film and binding the preservative film, and enabling the bound bamboo strips to be 5-10cm higher than the top end of the scion so as to prevent moisture from evaporating and prevent the grafting port from being filled with water.
Maintenance of the self-skin at the second stage: and installing sun-shading equipment, namely supporting the sun-shading space by using bamboo strips, and covering and binding by using a sun-shading net to block strong sunlight irradiation and shade 60-70% of sunlight.
The method has the following advantages: within 40-60 days, after the young shoots grow out, the preservative film is removed (the young shoots only break the bags after sprouting and the preservative film is removed after the young shoots are taken out at first) after the mountains fall in the cloudy day or at the evening, the packaging string is untied, the sun-shading equipment is removed in October, and the reticular elastic sleeves are cut off in the spring of the next year.
Example 3.
The embodiment provides an oil tea hard branch grafting method, wherein a research and development team selects 1.5 mu of oil tea forest from 4 groups of benevolent country stone basin villages in Pengshui county in Chongqing 7-8 months in 2020 to perform a hard branch grafting experiment, and the grafting comprises the following steps:
selecting rootstock: selecting young forest camellia oleifera with the age of 8-10 years, and taking straight branches 20-30 cm away from the main trunk of the camellia oleifera as rootstocks.
Selecting the cion: selecting hard branches which sprout in the current year and are completely lignified on the old camellia oleifera.
Preparing the binding skin: selecting current-year ramie, cutting back the ramie, removing the outer skin by using a ramie cutter, dividing the ramie into 4-6 parts, controlling the length to be 50-60 cm, and hanging the ramie in a shade place for 24 hours to obtain fresh ramie bark as a wrapping bark for later use; the wrapping skin can be stored only in a shade place, and the storage time cannot exceed 7 days.
Fourth, scion treatment: cutting the hard branch into scions with the length of 3-5 cm after 6 pm on cloudy days or sunny days, and enabling each scion to have 1-2 buds; beveling 1/3 xylem at 0.9-1.1 cm back of scion lower bud; the back surface is cut into a long slope with the length of a smooth slope of 1-2 cm, and the front surface is cut into a short slope with the length of the smooth slope of 0.5-0.9 cm, so that the lower end of the scion forms a flat wedge shape.
Carrying out fifth stock treatment: sawing off the stock at the straight position of the branch 15-35cm away from the trunk, and cutting the cut into a smooth plane.
Sixthly, grafting treatment: the grafting knife is clung to the xylem of the stock to be vertically cut off, the length of the cut is 2.7-3.3 cm, and the bottom of the cut is in an inclined state; then, a reticular elastic sleeve is sleeved below the cut of the stock, a grafting knife is used for slightly prying the cut, the cut scion is quickly inserted into the cut of the stock, and the scion and the cambium of the stock are aligned with each other and tightly attached to each other; at least, the scion and the cambium on one side of the stock are aligned and closely attached to each other.
The grafting knife is adopted to clean the blade by adopting cutting scraping on the waste new branch after the stock or the scion is cleaned, and then cutting is carried out.
Bundle-killing treatment: tightly winding the cutting part and the tight joint part of the stock tightly by using one side of the forming layer of the binding skin to cling to the stock and spirally descending, carefully winding to avoid the scion from being staggered with the forming layer of the stock, then lifting the reticular elastic sleeve to enable the reticular elastic sleeve to tightly wrap the binding skin, and then tightly binding the reticular elastic sleeve by using a packaging string.
First-level maintenance: and (3) bending and supporting the preservative film by using two bamboo strips in a crossed manner, covering the grafting part with the preservative film and binding the preservative film, and enabling the bound bamboo strips to be 5-10cm higher than the top end of the scion so as to prevent moisture from evaporating and prevent the grafting port from being filled with water.
Maintenance of the self-skin at the second stage: and installing sun-shading equipment, namely supporting the sun-shading space by using bamboo strips, and covering and binding by using a sun-shading net to block strong sunlight irradiation and shade 60-70% of sunlight.
The method has the following advantages: within 40-60 days, after the young shoots grow out, the preservative film is removed (the young shoots only break the bags after sprouting and the preservative film is removed after the young shoots are taken out at first) in cloudy days or at the evening, the packaging strings are untied, the sun-shading net is removed in October, and the net-shaped elastic sleeves are cut off in the next spring.
When the research and development team performs the test of the invention, the comparison test of the twig grafting of the camellia oleifera trees is also performed in the same area by using the conventional method which is adopted previously, and the specific conditions are as follows:
comparative example 1.
A research and development team performs a twig grafting experiment on 5 groups of half-mu tea trees in Shijia Zhenxiaoguan in Qianjiang district of Chongqing city in 5 months in 2020, wherein the grafting comprises the following steps:
selecting rootstock: selecting the camellia oleifera with the age of 6-8 years, and taking straight branches 15-25cm away from the trunks of the camellia oleifera as rootstocks.
Selecting the cion: selecting semi-lignified twigs which sprout in the current year on the old camellia oleifera.
Thirdly, scion treatment: cutting the tender branch into scions with the length of 3-4 cm, wherein each scion is provided with 2 buds and each bud is provided with a half leaf; obliquely cutting the back surface of the scion lower bud at a position of 0.9-1.1 cm; cutting the back into a smooth slope with the length of 1-2 cm, and beveling 2/5 xylem; cutting the front surface into a short inclined surface with the length of a smooth inclined surface of 0.5-0.9 cm, and beveling 2/5 xylem; the lower end face leaves 1/5 xylem; so that the lower end of the scion forms a flat wedge shape.
Fourth, stock treatment: sawing off the stock at the straight position of the branch 5-10cm away from the trunk, and cutting the cut into a smooth plane.
Carrying out grafting treatment: the grafting knife is clung to the xylem of the stock to be vertically cut off, and the length of the cut is 2.7-3.3 cm; slightly prying the cut by using a grafting knife, quickly inserting the cut scion into the cut of the stock, aligning and closely jointing the long inclined plane of the scion with the cambium of the stock, completely inserting the scion cut plane into the cut of the stock, at least ensuring that the scion is aligned with and closely jointed with the cambium on one side of the stock, immediately wrapping and fixing the scion with a grafting film, and avoiding the scion from being staggered with the cambium of the stock during wrapping.
Sixthly, first-level maintenance: binding the interface from top to bottom by using a film binding band with the width of 2-2.5 cm, binding, sealing and binding tightly, preventing water from evaporating and preventing the water from entering the grafting interface.
Maintenance-grade-two: and supporting the sun shading space by using bamboo strips, and sheathing and binding the bamboo strips by using sun shading equipment to block strong sunlight.
And (4) post management: and within 40-60 days, after young shoots grow, removing the preservative film, and removing the sunshade net in October.
Comparative example 2.
A research and development team selects a half-mu camellia oleifera forest in a group 2 of juneberry village yellow mud village in Pengshui county in Chongqing 5 months in 2020 to perform a twig grafting experiment, wherein the grafting comprises the following steps:
selecting rootstock: selecting old camellia oleifera with the age of 30-50 years, and taking straight branches 25-35 cm away from the trunks of the camellia oleifera as rootstocks.
Selecting the cion: selecting semi-lignified twigs which sprout in the current year on the old camellia oleifera.
Thirdly, scion treatment: cutting the tender branch into scions with the length of 3-4 cm, wherein each scion is provided with 2 buds and each bud is provided with a half leaf; obliquely cutting the back surface of the scion lower bud at a position of 0.9-1.1 cm; cutting the back into a smooth slope with the length of 1-2 cm, and beveling 2/5 xylem; cutting the front surface into a short inclined surface with the length of a smooth inclined surface of 0.5-0.9 cm, and beveling 2/5 xylem; the lower end face leaves 1/5 xylem; so that the lower end of the scion forms a flat wedge shape.
Fourth, stock treatment: sawing off the stock at the straight position of the branch 5-10cm away from the trunk, and cutting the cut into a smooth plane.
Carrying out grafting treatment: the grafting knife is clung to the xylem of the stock to be vertically cut off, and the length of the cut is 2.7-3.3 cm; slightly prying the cut by using a grafting knife, quickly inserting the cut scion into the cut of the stock, aligning and closely jointing the long inclined plane of the scion with the cambium of the stock, completely inserting the scion section into the cut of the stock, and at least ensuring that the scion is aligned with and closely jointed with the cambium on one side of the stock; and then immediately wrapping and fixing the scion and the rootstock by using a grafting film, wherein the scion and the rootstock cambium are prevented from staggering during wrapping.
Sixthly, first-level maintenance: binding the interface from top to bottom by using a film binding band with the width of 2-2.5 cm, binding, sealing and binding tightly, preventing water from evaporating and preventing the water from entering the grafting interface.
Maintenance-grade-two: and supporting the sun shading space by using bamboo strips, and sheathing and binding the bamboo strips by using sun shading equipment to block strong sunlight.
And (4) post management: and within 40-60 days, after young shoots grow, removing the preservative film, and removing the sunshade net in October.
Comparative example 3.
A research and development team selects 0.5 mu of tea-oil tree forest from 4 groups of benevolent village, stone basin village in Pengshui county, Chongqing, in 5 months of 2020 to perform a twig grafting experiment, wherein the grafting comprises the following steps:
selecting rootstock: selecting a camellia oleifera tree with the age of 8-10 years, and taking a straight branch part 20-30 cm away from a main trunk of the camellia oleifera tree as a stock.
Selecting the cion: selecting semi-lignified twigs which sprout in the current year on the old camellia oleifera.
Thirdly, scion treatment: cutting the tender branch into scions with the length of 3-4 cm, wherein each scion is provided with 2 buds and each bud is provided with a half leaf; obliquely cutting the back surface of the scion lower bud at a position of 0.9-1.1 cm; cutting the back into a smooth slope with the length of 1-2 cm, and beveling 2/5 xylem; cutting the front surface into a short inclined surface with the length of a smooth inclined surface of 0.5-0.9 cm, and beveling 2/5 xylem; the lower end face leaves 1/5 xylem; so that the lower end of the scion forms a flat wedge shape.
Fourth, stock treatment: sawing off the stock at the straight position of the branch 5-10cm away from the trunk, and cutting the cut into a smooth plane.
Carrying out grafting treatment: the grafting knife is clung to the xylem of the stock to be vertically cut off, and the length of the cut is 2.7-3.3 cm; slightly prying the cut by using a grafting knife, quickly inserting the cut scion into the cut of the stock, aligning and closely jointing the long inclined plane of the scion with the cambium of the stock, completely inserting the scion cut plane into the cut of the stock, at least ensuring that the scion is aligned with and closely jointed with the cambium on one side of the stock, immediately wrapping and fixing the scion with a grafting film, and avoiding the scion from being staggered with the cambium of the stock during wrapping.
Sixthly, first-level maintenance: binding the interface from top to bottom by using a film binding band with the width of 2-2.5 cm, binding, sealing and binding tightly, preventing water from evaporating and preventing the water from entering the grafting interface.
Maintenance-grade-two: and supporting the sun shading space by using bamboo strips, and covering and tightly binding the bamboo strips by using a sun shading net to block strong sunlight.
And (4) post management: and within 40-60 days, after young shoots grow, removing the preservative film, and removing the sunshade net in October.
The results of the tests carried out in examples 1 to 3 were compared with those of comparative examples 1 to 3: the survival rate and the average germination time are counted, and the results are as follows:
therefore, compared with the original tender branch grafting method, the average germination time of the hard branch grafting method is shortened from 45.5 days to 41.2 days, and is shortened by 9.5 percent; the survival rate is improved from 59.8 percent to 84.5 percent and is improved by 41.3 percent; wherein the survival rate of crown-changing hard branch grafting in young forests is higher than that of twig grafting by more than 25 percent, and the survival rate of crown-changing hard branch grafting on middle-age forest camellia oleifera trees is higher than 20 percent; the grafting time is prolonged from 25 days to 55 days, which is doubled; after 90 days of grafting, the average length of the young shoots is increased from 6.2 cm to 6.9 cm, the average length is increased by 11.3 percent, and the survival rate and the growth speed are greatly improved.
Claims (8)
1. A method for grafting camellia oleifera hard branches is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting rootstock: selecting young camellia oleifera trees or middle-aged camellia oleifera trees, and taking straight branches 15-35cm away from the trunks of the camellia oleifera trees as rootstocks;
selecting the cion: selecting hard branch which grows on the camellia oleifera in the same year, has plump leaf buds, thick and strong branches and is completely lignified;
preparing the binding skin: selecting current-year ramie, cutting back the ramie, removing the outer skin by using a ramie cutter, dividing the ramie into 4-6 parts, controlling the length to be 50-60 cm, and hanging the ramie in a shade place for one night to obtain fresh ramie bark as a wrapping bark;
fourth, scion treatment: cutting the hard branch into scions with the length of 3-5 cm, and enabling each scion to have 1-2 buds; beveling 1/3 xylem at 0.9-1.1 cm back of scion lower bud; cutting the back into a long slope with the length of a smooth slope of 1-2 cm, and cutting the front into a short slope with the length of the smooth slope of 0.5-0.9 cm, so that the lower end of the scion forms a flat wedge shape;
carrying out fifth stock treatment: sawing off the stock at the straight position of the branch 15-35cm away from the trunk, and cutting the cut into a smooth plane;
sixthly, grafting treatment: selecting a smoother side, using a grafting knife to cling to the xylem to vertically cut off, wherein the length of the cut is 2.7-3.3 cm; slightly prying the cut by using a grafting knife, quickly inserting the cut scion into the cut of the stock, and aligning and closely connecting the scion and the cambium of the stock;
bundle-killing treatment: clinging one side of the cambium of the binding skin to the stock, tightly winding the cut part and the joint part of the stock in a spiral descending mode, then tightly binding and fixing the cut part and the joint part by using a string, and avoiding the dislocation of the scion and the cambium of the stock during winding;
first-level maintenance: using two bamboo strips to be bent in a crossed manner to support the preservative film, covering the grafting part with the preservative film and binding tightly, and enabling the bound bamboo strips to be 5-10cm higher than the top end of the scion;
maintenance of the self-skin at the second stage: supporting the sun shading space by using bamboo strips, and sheathing and binding by using portrait materials or bamboo shoot shells to block strong sunlight;
the method has the following advantages: within 40-60, after the young shoots grow out, the preservative film is removed after the mountains fall in the cloudy day or in the evening, and the packaging strings are untied and bound again; the sun shade device was removed and the string was released after October.
2. The camellia oleifera hard branch grafting method according to claim 1, wherein the camellia oleifera old tree branches which sprout and are completely lignified in the current year are camellia oleifera old trees which sprout and are completely lignified hard branch branches with full leaf buds, thick branches and complete lignification for more than 30 years.
3. The camellia oleifera hard branch grafting method according to claim 2, characterized in that a net-shaped elastic sleeve can be adopted for the fifth step of binding, the method comprises the steps of firstly, sleeving the net-shaped elastic sleeve on a rootstock, rapidly lifting the net-shaped elastic sleeve in real time when the rootstock is tightly wound by a binding skin to enable the elastic sleeve to tightly bind the binding skin, then, tightly binding by a string, and then, carrying out the first step; the net-shaped elastic sleeve is not bound again after the packaging string is untied at first, and the net-shaped elastic sleeve is cut off when the spring begins in the next year after the sun-shading equipment net is removed.
4. The camellia oleifera hard branch grafting method according to claim 3, wherein the scion is collected on a cloudy day, before 10 am on a sunny day or after 5 pm.
5. The camellia oleifera hard branch grafting method according to claim 4, wherein the preservation time of the scion is within 3-7 days.
6. The camellia oleifera hard branch grafting method according to claim 5, wherein the cut surfaces of the rootstock and the scion are kept clean during grafting, and the blades of the grafting knife are cleaned before cutting the rootstock or the scion and then scraped on the waste new branches in a cutting mode to clean the blades.
7. The camellia oleifera hard branch grafting method according to claim 6, wherein the bottom of the cut on the rootstock is inclined.
8. The camellia oleifera hard branch grafting method according to claim 7, wherein the shading operation is to shade 60-70% of sunlight.
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| CN104365385A (en) * | 2014-09-16 | 2015-02-25 | 锦屏县绿源种植有限公司 | Tea-oil tree bark-tearing scarf joint method |
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