CN111465678B - 润滑脂组合物 - Google Patents

润滑脂组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111465678B
CN111465678B CN201880079812.6A CN201880079812A CN111465678B CN 111465678 B CN111465678 B CN 111465678B CN 201880079812 A CN201880079812 A CN 201880079812A CN 111465678 B CN111465678 B CN 111465678B
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grease composition
composition according
grease
additives
composition
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CN111465678A (zh
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T·施拉布
C·克罗嫩伯格
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DDP Specialty Electronic Materials US 9 LLC
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DDP Specialty Electronic Materials US 9 LLC
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Abstract

披露了一种润滑脂组合物,并且更具体地以下润滑脂组合物,当与物品夹紧装置如卡盘一起使用时,所述润滑脂组合物产生优异的润滑特性,同时保持牢固地附着至在所述装置的夹紧机构中的金属部件上并显示出对与其接触的流体如切削液的增强的化学和物理抗性。

Description

润滑脂组合物
本发明涉及一种润滑脂组合物,并且更具体地涉及以下润滑脂组合物,当与物品夹紧装置一起使用时,所述润滑脂组合物产生优异的润滑特性,同时保持牢固地附着至在所述装置的夹紧机构中的金属部件上并显示出对与其接触的流体如切削液的增强的化学和物理抗性。
在本领域中物品夹紧装置对于各种应用而言是熟知的。为了举例的目的,它们包括卡盘装置(键式和无键式二者),这些卡盘装置用于在例如钻孔机和磨机中保持径向对称的工具,或者用于在车床等中夹紧旋转工件。其他夹紧装置包括筒夹装置,其通常用于以下情况中:需要围绕待保持物品的辊环(collar),并且当物体被拧紧时辊环在物体上施加强夹紧力,通常借助于锥形凸辊环(outer collar)。为了本公开的目的,物品夹紧装置也可以被认为包括用于将磨盘、锯片等附接至驱动轴的紧固装置或机构。这些紧固装置可包括常规螺母、扭矩增强螺母或类似机构。
许多这些装置,如键式和无键式卡盘和筒夹,以驱动构件的滑动摩擦接合的原理工作,以使接合构件夹持保持在装置中的工具。因此,摩擦界面在操作上是不可避免的,并且如可以预期的是物品夹紧装置的磨损和最终降级的一个主要因素,如果不是主要因素的话。本领域一直在努力减少此类装置上摩擦的影响,以便延长其功能寿命。越来越成为难题的一个特定问题是不能鉴别合适的润滑材料(例如润滑脂),其既能够润滑夹紧装置,又能够提供对经常与其接触的流体(如切削液)的增强的化学和物理抗性。然而,还需要增强摩擦控制以确保适当的夹紧力。润滑脂通常用于上述夹紧装置中的滑动部件。典型地,在此类润滑脂中使用了用矿物油作为基础油并用一种或多种碱金属皂或碱土金属皂作为增稠剂的通用润滑脂。
用于物品夹紧装置的润滑脂组合物必须产生优异的润滑特性,同时保持牢固地附着至在所述装置的夹紧机构中的金属部件上并显示出对与其接触的流体(如切削液)的增强的化学和物理抗性。大多数此类润滑剂用于金属加工应用中,并暴露于水基切削液。
为了避免疑问,切削液是设计在如金属的机械加工和/或冲压的处理中使用的一种类型的冷却剂和/或润滑剂。切削液可以是呈油、油水乳液、膏、凝胶的形式,并且可以由例如石油馏出物、脂肪、植物油和/或水制成。切削液用于在例如机械加工期间保持工件处于稳定温度,能够提高切削工具等的尖端的使用寿命。然而,由于它们的化学性质,它们可以负面地影响物品保持装置的运动部件的润滑,尤其是因为它们可以洗掉所用润滑脂或与所用润滑脂化学地相互作用。
对于适合用于润滑如上述物品夹紧装置的产品,已经提及对切削液的抗性是必需的特性。近年来,已对此类切削液进行了改进,以满足苛刻的环境健康与安全(EHS)要求。已经证明当前的润滑剂(润滑脂)对许多这些改进的切削液组合物具有有限的抗性。
市场上有多种具有各种配方的润滑剂可用作“卡盘润滑脂”。然而,这些产品中的大多数在恒定的夹紧力和/或对切削液的抗性方面具有弱点,并且确实被认为含有危险成分。
因此,合适的润滑脂组合物将需要显示以下特性:
·在数个循环中高的恒定的(或略有下降的)夹紧力水平
·在金属表面上的强附着力,以及对离心分离的抗性。
·对金属加工应用中使用的所有流体(尤其是切削液)的足够的化学和物理抗性。润滑剂的硬化或洗去将导致不充分的润滑和较短的再润滑间隔。
·(卡盘)润滑剂不应对所用切削液的性能产生负面影响。
·润滑剂不应含有任何有毒的、对环境有毒或有害的物质。
·润滑剂应具有一定的防腐蚀作用,以抑制负面影响润滑和夹紧力的腐蚀。
这些类型的应用中使用的许多当前可用的润滑剂不能提供所有这些需求。
本公开提供了一种润滑脂组合物,其包含:
a)15重量%至65重量%的一种或多种固体润滑剂粉末;
b)15重量%至84重量%的一种或多种基础油;
c)0.5重量%至20重量%的一种或多种附着改良剂;
d)0.5重量%至15重量%的一种或多种蜡;以及
e)0至30重量%的一种或多种增稠剂。
如本文所述的润滑脂旨在包括具有高水平固体润滑剂并且在行业内有时将其定义为“膏状的”或者被描述为“膏”或“润滑脂膏”的润滑脂,这些名称有时用于强调其中固体含量(显著有助于润滑剂组合物稠度)的贡献。
组分a)可以选自以下项的组中的一种或多种:氧化钙,氧化锌,氧化镁,氢氧化钙,氢氧化锌,氢氧化镁,碳酸盐如碳酸钙、碳酸锌、碳酸镁,氟化钙,氟化锌,氟化镁,聚四氟乙烯(PTFE),二氧化钛,含磷盐如磷酸盐、偏磷酸盐、二磷酸盐(焦磷酸盐)、三磷酸盐(三聚磷酸盐)、亚磷酸盐、二亚磷酸盐或次磷酸盐以及上面未列出的锌盐。
磷酸盐的具体实例是具有由PO4 3-表示的抗衡阴离子的金属盐。盐的实例由下式表示但不限于下式:Na3PO4、Ca3(PO4)2、AlPO4、Zn3(PO4)2、FePO4、Fe3(PO4)2、Sn3(PO4)2、Pb3(PO4)2等。偏磷酸盐的具体实例是具有由PO3-、P3O9 3-、P4O12 4-(但不限于这些)表示的抗衡阴离子的金属盐或类似的金属盐。最优选的是(NaPO3)n、K3P3O9、K2Na2(P4O12)等。二磷酸盐(焦磷酸盐)的具体实例是具有由P2O7 4-(但不限于其)表示的抗衡阴离子的金属盐。最优选的是以下焦磷酸盐:Ca2P2O7、Pb2P2O7、Fe4(P2O7)3、Zn2P2O7、Sn2P2O7等。三磷酸盐(三聚磷酸盐)的具体实例是具有由P3O10 5-(但不限于其)表示的抗衡阴离子的金属盐。最优选的是以下三聚磷酸盐:Zn5(P3O10)、Na5P3O10等。亚磷酸盐可以以具有由PHO2-(但不限于其)表示的抗衡阴离子的金属盐为例。最优选的是下式的亚磷酸盐:ZnHPO3、PbHPO3等。二亚磷酸盐(焦亚磷酸盐)可以以具有由P2H2O5 2-(但不限于其)表示的抗衡阴离子的金属盐为例。最优选的是Na2P2H2O5。次磷酸盐可以以具有由PH2O2 -表示的抗衡阴离子的金属盐为例。最优选的是NaPH2O2等。然而,可能的次磷酸盐不受这些化合物的限制。为了在润滑脂组合物中提供更均匀的分散并且延长使润滑的部件上的摩擦系数减小的有效周期,优选的固体润滑剂是上述碳酸盐(例如碳酸钙)、磷酸盐(例如磷酸三钙)和锌盐。
如果适当,可以对组分a)固体润滑剂进行水合或使用例如以下项进行处理以使其疏水:硬脂酸,和/或脂肪酸的金属盐如一元脂肪羧酸或羟基一元脂肪羧酸的金属盐,以及用于生产金属皂的衍生自动物油或植物油(例如种子油)的脂肪酸的金属盐。优选的是一元脂肪羧酸或羟基一元脂肪羧酸的金属盐,尤其是具有8至22个碳原子的上述脂肪酸的金属盐。以下是上述一元脂肪羧酸的金属盐的具体实例:月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、山萮酸、肉豆蔻脑酸、棕榈油酸、油酸或亚油酸的金属盐。以下是羟基一元羧酸的金属盐的具体实例:12-羟基硬脂酸、14-羟基硬脂酸、16-羟基硬脂酸、6-羟基硬脂酸或9,10-羟基硬脂酸的金属盐。上述脂肪酸的金属盐可以包括选自锂、锌、镁、钠或铝的脂肪酸盐中的一种或多种类型的金属盐。可以利用上述的任何合适的混合物,例如水合磷酸三钙和用硬脂酸处理的碳酸钙。组分a)可以以组合物的15重量%至65重量%,可替代地组合物的20重量%至60重量%,可替代地组合物的30重量%至60重量%存在。
组分b)是一种或多种基础油。其实例包括被美国石油(American Petroleum)分类为I组、II组、III组、IV组和V组的一种或多种基础油。润滑剂基础油包括天然润滑油、合成润滑油及其混合物。I组至III组包括衍生自石油基油的基础油,而IV组和V组包括合成基础油(包括硅酮)。来自I组、II组和III组的基础油的化学组成,例如就芳烃类、石蜡类和环烷烃类的比例而言,可以发生很大变化。精炼程度和用于生产润滑剂基础油的源材料通常决定了此组成。来自I组、II组和III组的润滑剂基础油包含石蜡矿物油、芳族矿物油和环烷矿物油。
基于硫含量和粘度指数,将I组、II组和III组的材料分为以下组:
·I组基础油通常具有约80至120的粘度指数,并且含有大于约0.03重量%的硫和/或小于约90重量%的饱和有机组分(以下称为“饱和烃”)。
·II组基础油通常具有约80至120的粘度指数,并且含有小于或等于约0.03重量%的硫和大于或等于约90重量%的饱和烃。
·III组油通常具有大于约120的粘度指数,并且含有小于或等于约0.03重量%的量的硫和大于约90重量%的饱和烃。
IV组基础油由聚α烯烃(PAO)构成,所述聚α烯烃是从α烯烃单体的低聚反应获得的氢化低聚物。这些α烯烃单体可具有约4至约30个、或约4至约20个、或约6至约12个碳原子,如己烯、辛烯或癸烯。低聚物可以是α烯烃单体的二聚物、三聚物、四聚物、五聚物、六聚物。
V组基础油包括没有包括在I组-IV组内的基础油,如聚内烯烃(PIO);聚亚烷基二醇(PAG);烷基化芳烃,如烷基化苯(例如,十二烷基苯、十四烷基苯、二壬基苯和二-(2-乙基己基)苯);聚苯(例如,联苯、三联苯和烷基化聚苯);合成酯,如二羧酸的酯(例如,己二酸二丁酯、癸二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯、富马酸二正己酯、癸二酸二辛酯、壬二酸二异辛酯、壬二酸二异癸酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二癸酯和癸二酸双二十烷基酯);羧酸酯;多元醇酯(例如,新戊二醇、三羟甲基乙烷、三甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、二季戊四醇和三季戊四醇);磷酸酯(例如,磷酸三甲苯酯、磷酸三辛酯和癸基膦酸的二乙酯);硅酮;基于硅酮的共聚物;聚异丁烯(PIB)和卤代烃。
其他润滑剂基础油包括植物和动物来源的那些,如植物脂肪酸、菜籽油、蓖麻油和猪油。
优选的基础油包括合成烃油、聚α烯烃(PAO)、聚亚烷基二醇(PAG)、石蜡型矿物油、二酯、多元醇酯或类似的酯型合成油;乙烯和α-烯烃的共低聚物、聚丁烯或类似的合成烃油;亚烷基二苯基醚、聚亚烷基醚或类似的醚型合成油;二酯和多元醇酯、或类似的酯型油;以及聚二甲基硅酮、聚甲基苯基硅酮或类似的硅油,包括基于硅酮的共聚物。这些基础油可以单独使用或以上述的混合物使用。进一步优选的是,在40℃下一种或多种类型的基础油的运动粘度为5至2000mm2/s。基础油的存在量为组合物的15重量%至84重量%,可替代地为组合物的20重量%至80重量%,可替代地为组合物的25重量%至75重量%(按组合物的重量计)。
组分c)是一种或多种附着改良剂,如具有200至6000数均分子量(Mn)的聚异丁烯,或其他溶解在油中的聚合物像聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯),以及来自以下项的组的热塑性弹性体嵌段共聚物:TPE-A、热塑性共聚酯(TPE-E)、热塑性烯烃(TPE-O)、热塑性苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(TPE-S)、热塑性聚氨酯(TPE-U)和/或弹性体合金(TPE-V)。组分c)的存在量为组合物的0.5重量%至20重量%,可替代地为组合物的1重量%至15重量%。
组分d)包含一种或多种蜡,用于调节摩擦并增加疏水性,实例包括天然蜡如蜂蜡、合成烃蜡和聚合物蜡及其混合物。蜡在组合物中的存在量为组合物的0.5重量%至15重量%,可替代地为组合物的0.5重量%至10重量%,可替代地为组合物的1重量%至8重量%。
组分e)是用于稳定组合物的增稠剂,以帮助保持基础油并增加对如切削液的液体的抗性:这些可以包括锂、铝、锌、镁、钠、钡和钙的金属单一和复合皂,以及非皂的有机材料(聚合物、聚脲、PTFE)和无机材料(二氧化硅、膨润土)及其混合物,例如,12-羟基硬脂酸锂和硬脂酸锌。组分e)在组合物中可以以组合物的0至30重量%,可替代地组合物的1.5重量%至15重量%,可替代地组合物的1.5重量%至10重量%,可替代地组合物的1.5重量%至8重量%存在。
以上包括每种组分的可替代范围的任何组合,前提是连同且任选地与下述添加剂一起,组合物的总重量%为100重量%。
当需要时,如上所述的润滑脂组合物可以包含一种或多种常规使用的添加剂。此类添加剂包括摩擦改进剂、抗磨添加剂、极压添加剂、密封膨胀剂(seal swelling agent)、防锈缓蚀剂(rust and corrosion inhibitor)、降凝剂、抗氧化剂、自由基清除剂、氢过氧化物分解剂、金属钝化剂、表面活性剂如洗涤剂、乳化剂、破乳剂、消泡剂、分散剂及其混合物。
另外的添加剂包括沉积控制添加剂、染料、成膜添加剂、增粘剂、抗菌剂、可生物降解润滑剂的添加剂、雾度抑制剂、发色团和限滑添加剂。
摩擦改进剂的实例包括长链脂肪酸和它们的衍生物、钼化合物、脂肪族胺或乙氧基化脂肪族胺、醚胺、烷氧基化醚胺、酰化胺、叔胺、脂肪族脂肪酸酰胺、脂肪族羧酸、脂肪族羧酸酯、多元醇酯、脂肪族羧酸酯-酰胺、咪唑啉、脂肪族膦酸酯、脂肪族磷酸酯、脂肪族硫代膦酸酯、脂肪族硫代磷酸酯。
抗磨添加剂和极压添加剂的实例包括有机硫和有机磷化合物,如有机多硫化物,其中包括烷基多硫化物;磷酸酯,其中包括磷酸三烃基酯、磷酸氢二丁酯、硫化磷酸氢二丁酯的胺盐、二硫代磷酸酯;二硫代氨基甲酸酯;磷酸二烃基酯;硫化烯烃,如硫化异丁烯和硫化脂肪酸酯。
密封膨胀剂的实例包括酯,己二酸酯,癸二酸酯,壬二酸酯(azeealate),邻苯二甲酸酯,砜,如3-烷氧基四亚烷基砜、取代的环丁砜,8至13个碳原子的脂肪族醇,如十三烷基醇,烷基苯,芳烃,去除萘的芳族化合物,矿物油。
防锈缓蚀剂的实例包括一元羧酸,如辛酸、癸酸和十二烷酸;多元羧酸,如来自妥尔油脂肪酸、油酸、亚油酸的二聚酸和三聚酸;噻唑;三唑,如苯并三唑、癸基三唑、2-巯基苯并噻唑;噻二唑,如2,5-二巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑、2-巯基-5-烃基二硫代-1,3,4-噻二唑;金属二硫代磷酸盐;醚胺;酸性磷酸盐;胺;聚乙氧基化的化合物,如乙氧基化的胺;乙氧基化的酚;乙氧基化的醇;咪唑啉;氨基琥珀酸和氨基琥珀酸的酯。
降凝剂的实例包括蜡烷基化的萘和酚、聚甲基丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯-酯共聚物。
抗氧化剂的实例包括酚类抗氧化剂,如2,6-二叔丁基酚,叔丁基化酚,如2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基酚,4,4'-亚甲基双(2,6-二叔丁基酚),2,2'-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基酚),4,4'-硫代双(2-甲基-6-叔丁基酚);混合的亚甲基桥接的聚烷基酚;芳香胺抗氧化剂;硫化酚类抗氧化剂;有机亚磷酸酯;胺衍生物,如p-,p'-二辛基二苯胺、N,N'-二仲丁基苯二胺、4-异丙基氨基二苯胺、苯基α萘胺、环-烷基化二苯胺;双酚;肉桂酸衍生物。
自由基清除剂的实例包括二烷基二硫代磷酸锌、受阻酚和烷基化芳基胺。
氢过氧化物分解剂的实例包括有机硫化合物和有机磷化合物。
金属钝化剂的实例包括多官能(多齿)化合物,如乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和水杨醛肟。
表面活性剂如洗涤剂、分散剂、乳化剂、破乳剂的实例包括有机酸的碱金属盐或碱土金属盐,如磺酸镁、磺酸锌、苯酚镁、苯酚锌、磺酸锂、羧酸锂、水杨酸锂、苯酚锂、硫化苯酚锂、磺酸镁、羧酸镁、水杨酸镁、苯酚镁、硫化苯酚镁、磺酸钾、羧酸钾、水杨酸钾、苯酚钾、硫化苯酚钾;常见的酸,如烷基苯磺酸,烷基酚,脂肪羧酸,多胺,多元醇衍生的聚异丁烯衍生物。
消泡剂的实例包括聚硅氧烷、聚丙烯酸酯和苯乙烯酯聚合物。
分散剂的实例包括烯基琥珀酰亚胺,如聚异丁烯琥珀酰亚胺,N-取代的聚异丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺,如聚异丁烯基琥珀酰亚胺-聚乙烯多胺,琥珀酸盐,琥珀酸酯,甲基丙烯酸烷基酯-乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物,甲基丙烯酸烷基酯-甲基丙烯酸二烷基氨基乙酯共聚物,甲基丙烯酸烷基酯-聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物,聚硬脂酰胺,高分子量胺,磷酸衍生物,如双羟丙基磷酸酯。
一些添加剂可以具有多种特性,并且可以提供各种效果。例如,石墨和二硫化钼都可以用作摩擦改进剂,并且极压添加剂或功能化皂可以用来增稠,但也可以提供具有极压和抗磨性能的润滑脂。此方法是本领域技术人员熟知的并且本文无需进一步阐述。
添加剂可单独使用或与其他添加剂组合使用。
当存在于本发明的润滑剂组合物中时,唯一添加剂或多种添加剂可以以基于润滑脂组合物的总重量的0至10wt%,可替代地,0.1至5wt%的水平使用。
因此,润滑脂组合物包含以下项的任何组合:
a)组合物的15重量%至65重量%,可替代地20重量%至60重量%,可替代地组合物的30重量%至60重量%的一种或多种固体润滑剂粉末
b)组合物的15重量%至84重量%,可替代地20重量%至80重量%,可替代地组合物的25重量%至75重量%的一种或多种基础油
c)组合物的0.5重量%至20重量%,可替代地组合物的1重量%至15重量%的一种或多种附着改良剂;
d)组合物的0.5重量%至15重量%,可替代地组合物的0.5重量%至10重量%,可替代地组合物的1重量%至8重量%的一种或多种蜡;
e)组合物的0至30重量%,可替代地组合物的1.5重量%至15重量%,可替代地组合物的1.5重量%至10重量%的一种或多种增稠剂;以及组合物的0至10重量%的润滑添加剂,并且其中组合物的总重量%为100%。
如上所述的润滑脂组合物在物品夹紧装置中产生优异的润滑特性,同时与用于相同目的的可商购材料相比,其保持牢固地附着至在所述装置的夹紧机构中的金属部件上持续更长的时间段。组合物提供了对与其接触的流体如切削液的增强的化学和物理抗性。组合物能够将金属部件的摩擦系数保持在可行的范围内,同时还保持对被夹紧或待被夹紧的物体施加足够的夹紧力的能力。应当理解,摩擦系数必须充分地>零,因为如果它为零,则不能将夹紧力有效地施加到待被夹紧或被夹紧的物品上,但是同样需要防止夹紧力过高,因为这可能会导致夹紧部件磨损。因此,用如上所述的组合物润滑的物品夹紧装置,在所述物品夹紧装置必须再润滑之前,对润滑的部件而言具有延长的耐受时间,即使它们在苛刻的条件下使用。
如上所述的润滑脂可以通过任何合适的方法制得,例如它可以通过将组分a)至e)以任何合适的顺序混合并在制备中的适当点引入任选的添加剂(如果存在的话)来制备。在一种合适的方法中,可以通过将附着促进剂c)、蜡d)和增稠剂e)加入到一种或多种基础油b)中来制备润滑脂组合物。搅拌组分b)至e),并且如果需要,加热直至所述组分b)至e)均匀地混合。然后将组分a)一种或多种固体润滑剂加入组合物中并混合直至均匀。将所得均匀混合物在连续搅拌下冷却至室温。如果需要,可以在过程期间的任何点,例如在此冷却步骤期间,将任选的添加剂加入到组合物中。如果需要,可以通过使用三辊磨机或其他合适的精加工装置对所得均匀润滑脂进行精加工。
本发明的润滑脂组合物在物品夹紧装置中的运动部件的表面上形成润滑膜,如为了举例的目的,所述物品夹紧装置是卡盘装置(键式和无键式二者),其用于在例如钻孔机和磨机中保持径向对称的工具。其他夹紧装置包括筒夹装置,其通常用于以下情况中:围绕待保持物品的辊环,并且当物体被拧紧时辊环在物体上施加强夹紧力,通常借助于锥形凸辊环。其他物品夹紧装置包括用于将磨盘、锯片等附接至驱动轴的紧固装置或机构(可以包括常规螺母、扭矩增强螺母或类似机构)以及用于在车床等中夹紧旋转工件的系统。
如上所述的润滑脂改进了夹紧装置在必须更换润滑剂前的功能寿命,尤其是因为它们对上述切削液的抗性。实际上,似乎如本文提供的润滑脂满足以下期望的特性:
(i)夹紧力的保持
出乎意料地发现,如本文所述的润滑脂在施加到物品夹紧装置(卡盘)后能够在延长的时间段内将装置(卡盘)的夹紧力保持在预定范围内,并且在使用或不使用切削液的情况下使用时保持装置大数目“紧固和松开”,即,夹紧力足以接合并夹紧大量物品以使物品能够被工程化或用于完成任务,并且润滑脂并未在切削液的作用下去除至开始磨损的程度。与为了相同目的的先前可能使用现有技术的商业润滑脂相比,在夹具的显著更多次的紧固和松开之后,将装置再涂脂。
(ii)在金属表面上的强附着力,以及对离心分离的抗性。
鉴于以上(i),应当理解,如本文所述的润滑脂牢固地附着至夹紧装置的润滑的部件上,并且,如果/当被夹紧的物品旋转时,特别是以高速旋转时,所述润滑脂不易通过与例如切削液的相互作用或由于离心力而去除。
(iii)对金属加工应用中使用的所有流体(尤其是水和切削液)的足够的化学和物理抗性。
鉴于以上(i)和(ii),直接的结果是可以看出,如上所述的润滑脂必须具有对例如切削液的足够的化学和物理抗性,否则,由于与切削液的化学和物理相互作用,润滑脂将被去除。如果不是这种情况,则将需要更经常得多地对夹紧装置(卡盘)进行再润滑。这得到了以下来自下表3中示出的基于DIN 51807pt.1”的修改版本的切削液抗性测试结果的支持。
[实例]
将参考实际的实例和对比实例进一步描述本发明。然而,应当理解,本发明不受上述实际的实例的限制。
根据表1中的配方制备如上所述的润滑脂的组合物。
表1
Figure BDA0002532849000000101
从组成含量可以看出,如本文所述的润滑脂不包含任何有毒的、对环境有毒或有害的物质。
然后将样品与两种商业产品进行比较以确定夹紧力下降。用测试的样品/对比实例润滑Schunk Rota S plus 2.0手动车床卡盘,并测量卡盘的静态夹紧力。通过使用卡盘侧面上提供的螺丝移动卡盘的夹紧机构。将螺丝安装到内部设计的适配器上,所述适配器程序化为以10转/分钟(rpm或有时写为10 1/min)的速度拧紧螺丝(并且因此也拧紧了卡盘),直到达到80Nm的扭矩。一旦达到80Nm的扭矩阈值,将螺丝在所述扭矩下保持5秒钟的时间段,并且然后反转拧紧步骤,以相同的速度(10rpm)松开卡盘以完成一个循环。将此过程重复100次,在下表2中提供了所用每种润滑脂在此过程之后的结果。
表2
Figure BDA0002532849000000111
从表2中将看出,与用作对比实例的目前可商购产品相比,如上所述的实例均提供了显著更小的夹紧力下降。看起来这是因为如上所述的润滑脂提供了显著更好的内部润滑,其保持在卡盘的金属部件中/上,并且与可商购产品相比,导致了对夹紧力更长的保持,并且这样使得用户在需要再润滑部件之前能够使用卡盘持续更长的连续时间段。
与参考产品相比,本发明的组合物展示出相对恒定的高水平夹紧力。
关于对润滑脂重要的几种标准特性,进一步评估了由表1所列成分制备的并具有表2所示特性的润滑脂的物理特性,并且结果在下表3中提供。
评估未加工渗透和加工渗透以确定润滑脂渗透。此应用的最佳润滑脂渗透范围是265mm/10至340mm/10,因为它已被确定具有对所述应用的最佳的稠度。这是因为所得组合物适合与润滑脂枪一起使用,同时也是足够“膏状”以贴在润滑的金属部件上。超出此范围的值也可适合在适当的时候并根据特定应用使用。表中的值60x表示润滑脂在测量前已工作60次。测量流动压力,因为要确定在低于例如-20℃的温度下润滑脂将是否具有足够的泵送能力。在这种情况下,通常将小于1400毫巴的流动压力解释为意指在这样较低温度下应具有适当水平的泵送能力。
下降点可以用作如本文所述的润滑脂组合物的热稳定性的指示。此值需要显著高于夹紧装置的工作温度。预期,夹紧装置如卡盘和筒夹将在最高达约60℃下运行,尤其是因为切削液充当冷却剂。
抗水性是这些应用中润滑脂的重要特征,因为切削液通常是水基乳液。在此应用中,不是按照DIN 51807 pt.1使用的正常三个小时的时间段,而是确定样品要进行整整24小时的抗水性测试。基于DIN 51807 pt.1(除了测试是在室温下进行7天时间段之外)来评估抗切削液性。此测试中使用了三种可商购的水可混溶的切削液。它们以在水中5重量%至12重量%的不同浓度使用,但是如将在下文所见的,在每种情况下均发现了相同的结果。
表3
Figure BDA0002532849000000121
以上表3中的结果示出渗透结果在可接受的范围内。可以看出,流动压力结果低于所要求的1400毫巴值。可以看出,所有实例的下降点都显著高于夹紧装置约60℃的预期近似工作温度。抗水性结果示出,样品在90℃的水中保存后,观察者在视觉上没有发现明显变化。最终,在室温下7天后,在不同切削液的存在下确定了类似的结果。因此,在室温下在各种商业切削液中储存1周后,附着力和外观没有显著变化。(抗切削液性测试,参见实例)优异的抗水性(抗水性,24h/90℃,DIN 51807 pt.1:0-90,参见实例)。因此,看起来如上所述的润滑脂组合物提供了适当水平的夹紧力以夹紧物品并且表3显示出它们还具有良好的抗水性和抗切削液性,所述组合对于当前可商购材料而言是潜在的问题。在蒸馏水中1周时间段后,根据DIN 51802,使用EMCOR测试装备进行腐蚀测试。将结果评级为0(最少腐蚀)至5(最多腐蚀)。

Claims (21)

1.一种润滑脂组合物,其包含:
a)15重量%至65重量%的作为固体润滑剂粉末的水合磷酸三钙和用硬脂酸处理过的碳酸钙的混合物;
b)15重量%至84.0重量%的一种或多种基础油;
c)0.5重量%至20重量%的一种或多种附着改良剂;
d)0.5重量%至15重量%的一种或多种蜡;以及
e)0至30重量%的一种或多种增稠剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,b)基础油选自合成烃油、石蜡型矿物油、二酯、多元醇酯;亚烷基二苯基醚、聚亚烷基醚;聚二甲基硅酮、聚甲基苯基硅酮和基于硅酮的共聚物或其混合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,合成烃油包括聚α烯烃、乙烯和α-烯烃的共低聚物、聚丁烯,以及聚亚烷基醚包括聚亚烷基二醇。
4.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,c)附着改良剂选自以下中的一种或多种:具有200至6000数均分子量的聚异丁烯,或溶解在油中的聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯),以及来自以下项的组的热塑性弹性体嵌段共聚物:TPE-A、TPE-E、TPE-O、TPE-S、TPE-U和/或TPE-V。
5.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,d)蜡选自一种或多种天然蜡、合成烃蜡、聚合物蜡及其混合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,d)蜡包括蜂蜡。
7.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物,其额外包含至多10重量%的一种或多种添加剂。
8.根据权利要求7所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,所述添加剂选自一种或多种摩擦改进剂、抗磨添加剂、极压添加剂、密封膨胀剂、防锈缓蚀剂、降凝剂、抗氧化剂、自由基清除剂、氢过氧化物分解剂、金属钝化剂、洗涤剂、乳化剂、破乳剂、消泡剂、分散剂、沉积控制添加剂、成膜添加剂、增粘剂、抗菌剂、雾度抑制剂、发色团及其混合物。
9.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,当存在e)增稠剂时,它选自锂、铝、锌、镁、钠、钡和钙的金属单一和复合皂,聚脲,PTFE,二氧化硅和/或膨润土及其混合物。
10.根据权利要求9所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,e)增稠剂是12-羟基硬脂酸锂和硬脂酸锌的混合物。
11.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,矿物油存在的量是17.1重量%。
12.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,矿物油存在的量是24.75重量%。
13.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,矿物油存在的量是36.5重量%。
14.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,所述一种或多种增稠剂存在的量是18重量%。
15.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,所述一种或多种增稠剂存在的量是20.7重量%。
16.根据权利要求1所述的润滑脂组合物,其用于物品夹紧装置。
17.根据权利要求16所述的润滑脂组合物,其中,所述物品夹紧装置是键式卡盘装置、无键式卡盘、筒夹以及用于将磨盘、锯片附接至驱动轴的紧固装置或机构。
18.一种制造根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的润滑脂组合物的方法
(i)通过将c)附着改良剂、d)蜡以及增稠剂e)加入到b)基础油中,搅拌并任选地加热直至均匀地混合;
(ii)将a)固体润滑剂粉末加入(i)的组合物中并混合直至均匀;
(iii)在连续搅拌下冷却至室温;
(iv)如果需要,在步骤(iii)期间加入任选的添加剂;
(v)任选地,使用合适的精加工装置进行精加工。
19.一种物品夹紧装置,其包括根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的润滑脂组合物。
20.根据权利要求19所述的物品夹紧装置,其中,所述装置是键式卡盘装置、无键式卡盘、筒夹以及用于将磨盘和锯片附接至驱动轴的紧固装置或机构。
21.根据权利要求1至17中任一项所述的润滑脂用于润滑物品夹紧装置的用途。
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