CN111450147A - 一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法 - Google Patents
一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法 Download PDFInfo
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- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法。连翘挥发油具有广谱的抑菌、抗病毒、抗炎、消肿散结、清热解毒的功效。本发明以连翘挥发油为药效成分,将连翘挥发油制备成软胶囊剂型,以电子加热器为给药工具,利用加热器的机械结构破坏软胶囊,缓慢释放内含的连翘挥发油,通过电加热的方式,使挥发油汽化,经口鼻吸入呼吸道,药效分子可直达鼻腔、咽部、喉部等病变部位,快速发挥其作用。所述疗法作为一种定向给药方式,局部用药,具有明显的速效作用和定位作用,药效快,药量小,对治疗上呼吸道感染有显著疗效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于天然药物领域,具体涉及一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法。
背景技术
上呼吸道感染是指鼻腔、咽或喉部急性炎症的概称,是呼吸道最常见的一种传染病,70%~80%本病患者由病毒引起,主要有流感病毒( 甲、乙、丙型) 、副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、腺病毒、鼻病毒、埃可病毒、柯萨奇病毒、麻疹病毒、风疹病毒等,20%~30%由细菌引起,常见的病原菌为葡萄球菌、链球菌、肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等。感染的主要临床表现为鼻炎、咽喉炎、扁桃体炎。急性上呼吸道感染的发病率高,传染性强,少数可继发肺炎、急性肾炎、风湿热、心肌炎、急性心包炎等。因此,对急性上呼吸道感染应重视预防,给予及时有效的治疗。西医根据不同的病因给予相应的药物进行治疗,病毒感染使用抗病毒药物治疗,但目前西药尚无特效药。对于细菌感染,则通常采用抗生素类药物治疗感染、缓解临床症状;中医药治疗则常采用清热、解毒、凉血、利咽、消肿的中成药。
连翘 Forsythia suspensa ( Thunb.) Vahl为木犀科连翘属植物,其果实为传统中药,果壳为药典规定的药用部位,果实初熟时采收炮制称为“青翘”;果实熟透时采收炮制称为“老翘”。药理研究表明,连翘具有抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎、解热、镇痛、保肝等作用,现代医学临床常用其治疗急性呼吸道感染,皮肤化脓性感染、急性肾炎、肝炎、脑膜炎等病症,以上病症均与细菌、病毒引起的炎症有关。
连翘中含有挥发油类、苯乙醇苷类、木脂素类、有机酸类和萜类等化合物,挥发性成分是连翘发挥药理作用的主要物质基础之一,连翘种子中挥发油含量在4%以上,平均可达3.8%,其挥发油的主要成分为 α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯等。
连翘挥发油具有广谱抗菌作用,对肺炎双球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、葡萄球菌、芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌、白色念珠菌、黑曲霉菌有抑制作用。有研究进一步表明连翘挥发油对大肠杆菌和葡萄球菌均具有较强的抑制作用,作用强弱与浓度、作用时间呈正相关。文献报道,连翘用水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油具有对流感病毒感染小鼠有保护作用。在鸡胚内能抑制流感病毒亚甲型、副流感仙台株的增殖。
连翘挥发油具有抗炎作用,罗林等采用足皮下注射角叉菜胶、鸡蛋清大鼠足肿胀模型以及大鼠棉球肉芽肿模型研究发现连翘挥发油可抑制脂多糖和干酵母所致发热,降低角叉菜胶和鸡蛋清所诱导的大鼠足肿胀,且可显著抑制肉芽组织的增生。由于连翘挥发油解热、抗炎作用已得到广泛应用,其解热抗炎药效的机理研究为其进一步开发提供科学依据。
目前,上呼吸道感染治疗方法中存在很多不足:第一,大量使用抗生素及耐药性问题;第二,药物口服或注射对肠胃道刺激及肝脏损伤;第三,中成药在制药或煎煮过程中很多有疗效的挥发性成分损失而未能发挥作用。因此,以连翘挥发油为药效成分,开发一种治疗上呼吸道感染的定向给药方式,可作为一种高效低毒的替抗、减抗的治疗手段。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法。该疗法以电子加热器为给药工具,将连翘挥发油制备成软胶囊后置于电子加热器的加热腔内,利用加热器内的针孔刺破软胶囊,释放出内含的连翘挥发油,通过加热使药物分子汽化,经口鼻吸入,直达鼻腔、咽部、喉部等病变部位,从而发挥定向给药的作用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法,所述连翘挥发油采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取制得,步骤如下:称取一定量干燥粉碎后的连翘果实置于圆底烧瓶中,按照料液比1:10-20加入蒸馏水,室温浸泡 12 h,再超声处理30min,加热蒸馏5 h。待冷凝管上看不到有油滴出现时说明蒸馏彻底,将所得产物装入分液漏斗,加入适量石油醚摇匀萃取。静置后取上层,用无水硫酸钠吸收多余水分后,转移至蒸馏烧瓶中,45℃真空旋转蒸发,待石油醚蒸发彻底后,得连翘挥发油,称重,4℃保存备用。
为了提高挥发油的稳定性、降低其刺激性、控制用药剂量的准确性,本发明将连翘挥发油制备为软胶囊剂型,所述连翘挥发油软胶囊的制备方法如下:
S1. 制备内料液:内料液包括:连翘挥发油1%-10%、大麻蜡质10%-20%、0.1%-1%冰片、0.1-1%薄荷冰、余量为溶剂,以重量计。将溶剂加热至50-60℃,加入大麻蜡质,溶解后冷却至室温,加入冰片、薄荷冰使其溶解,再加入连翘挥发油搅拌均匀,得内料液。
S2. 制备明胶液:以医用明胶、甘油、纯净水为囊壳材料,重量比例为明胶:甘油:水=2~4:1~2:2~4。先用80%量的纯净水将明胶浸泡溶胀,再将剩余纯净水与甘油混合注入溶胶罐中,加热搅拌至75℃左右,再加入明胶液,继续搅拌30 分钟后放冷静置,真空脱泡,得到囊壳材料胶液。
S3. 制片压丸:将上述囊壳材料明胶液放入预先保温在60℃的贮胶桶中,胶液在60℃保温消泡静置4小时后,保持在60℃下压制胶片;将制成合格的胶片及S1制得的内容物通过自动旋转制囊机压制成软胶囊。自动旋转制囊机生产过程中,控制压丸温度在25-35℃,滚模转速3转/分左右;控制室内温度在20-25℃,空气相对湿度40%下;控制每丸装料量0.4~0.5g。
S4. 压丸成型:将压制成的软胶囊于网机内20℃下吹风定形,定形4小时。
S5. 洗丸、晾丸:用70~95%乙醇洗去胶囊表面油层,并于25~40℃,相对湿度25~40%的条件下,干燥12~24h,即得连翘挥发油软胶囊。
进一步的,步骤S1所述的大麻蜡质,是工业大麻花叶经超临界CO2提取所得浸膏,经冬化脱蜡,所得的脱蜡蜡质;所述溶剂为:医用甘油。
一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法,所述疗法为:以连翘挥发油为药效成分,将连翘挥发油制备成软胶囊剂型,以电子加热器为给药工具,将连翘挥发油软胶囊置于电子加热器的加热腔内,利用加热器的机械结构破坏软胶囊,缓慢释放出内含的挥发油,打开电子加热器开关,精确设定加热温度,当温度超过挥发油中化合物的沸点时,药物分子汽化,经口鼻吸入呼吸系统,直达鼻腔、口腔、咽喉部等病变部位,从而发挥定向治疗的作用。
进一步的,所述加热腔设置温度范围为300~1000℃。
进一步的,所述加热腔中还包括一种填料,所述填料为30~50目的艾叶粉末。
进一步的,所述破坏软胶囊的机械结构为针孔。
与现有技术相比,本发明的优点和有益效果在于:
(1)本发明以连翘挥发油作为治疗上呼吸道感染的药效成分,可有效减免抗生素药物的使用,减少抗生素对身体的损害,避免产生耐药性。
(2)本发明所述疗法作为一种上呼吸道感染定向给药方式,通过加热使连翘挥发油中药物分子汽化,经口鼻吸入,可快速直达鼻腔、咽部、喉部等病变部位,具有疗效显著、用药剂量小、见效快、副作用小和使用方便等优点,是一种高效低毒的减抗、替抗治疗手段。
(3)本发明所述药物成分以气体分子吸入呼吸系统,不经肠胃道,可减少药物对胃肠道的刺激性,并可避免肝脏首过效应。
(4)本发明连翘挥发油以软胶囊剂型使用,可防止精油挥发,提高精油的稳定性,降低精油刺激性、以及控制用药剂量的准确性。
具体实施方式
以下所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
1. 连翘挥发油的提取
一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法,所述连翘挥发油采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取制得,步骤如下:称取200g干燥粉碎后的连翘果实,置于圆底烧瓶中,加入2000ml蒸馏水,室温浸泡 12 h,再超声处理30min,加热蒸馏5 h。待冷凝管上看不到有油滴出现时说明蒸馏彻底,将所得产物装入分液漏斗,加入适量石油醚摇匀萃取。静置后取上层,用无水硫酸钠吸收多余水分后,转移至蒸馏烧瓶中,45℃真空旋转蒸发,待石油醚蒸发彻底后,得连翘挥发油,称重,4℃保存备用,出油率为2.75%(w/w)。
2. 连翘挥发油软胶囊的制备
按100g软胶囊内料液,100g明胶液制备,步骤如下:
S1. 制备内料液:内料液配方量:5g连翘挥发油、15g大麻蜡质、0.5g冰片、0.5g薄荷冰、79g甘油。将甘油加热至50℃,加入大麻蜡质,溶解后冷却至室温,加入冰片、薄荷冰使其溶解,再加入连翘挥发油搅拌均匀,得含5%连翘挥发油的内料液。
S2. 制备明胶液:准确称取40g明胶、20g甘油、40g纯净水。先用80%量的纯净水将明胶浸泡溶胀,再将剩余纯净水与甘油混合注入溶胶罐中,加热搅拌至75℃左右,再加入明胶液,继续搅拌30分钟后放冷静置,真空脱泡,得到囊壳材料胶液。
S3. 制片压丸:将上述囊壳材料明胶液放入预先保温在60℃的贮胶桶中,胶液在60℃保温消泡静置4小时后,保持在60℃下压制胶片;将制成合格的胶片及S1制得的内容物通过自动旋转制囊机压制成软胶囊。自动旋转制囊机生产过程中,控制压丸温度在30℃,滚模转速3转/分左右;控制室内温度在22℃,空气相对湿度30%;控制每丸装料量0.5g。
S4. 压丸成型:将压制成的软胶囊于网机内20℃下吹风定形,定形4小时。
S5. 洗丸、晾丸:用75%乙醇洗去胶囊表面油层,并于30℃,相对湿度30%的条件下,干燥20h,即得连翘挥发油软胶囊。
实施例2 连翘挥发油的体外抑菌试验
1. 材料
供试菌种:肺炎双球菌、葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌。
2. 方法
采用杯碟法和双层平板法,测定实施例1提取的连翘挥发油对供试菌生长的抑制作用。先倒底层平板,再吸取10 mL制好的菌液,混入冷却至45℃左右90 mL 培养基中,使最终菌液浓度为106~107cfu /mL,制备上层带菌平板。凝固后在平板上对称放置无菌牛津杯,向牛津杯中加入100μL连翘挥发油,进行3次平行实验,以无菌水为空白对照。置于37 ℃培养24~36 h,十字交叉法测量抑菌圈的大小,结果取平均值。
3. 测定结果
以抑菌圈大小判定抑菌活性,判定标准为:直径>20 mm,极敏;15~20 mm,高敏;10~14mm,中敏;7~9 mm,低敏;直径<7mm,不敏感,结果见表1。
结果表明,连翘挥发油对供试菌均有较明显的抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌、葡萄球菌、肺炎双球菌、大肠杆菌的生长抑制较突出,达极敏效果,对白色念珠菌的抑制达高敏效果。说明连翘挥发油具有广谱抑菌能力,对引起呼吸道感染的细菌有较强的抑制作用。
表1 连翘挥发油对供试菌的抑菌效果
实施例3 连翘挥发油的抗炎作用
1. 实验分组
空白对照组:0.5%吐温-80生理盐水,按20ml/kg剂量灌胃。
给药组:取实施例1提取所得的连翘挥发油,按低剂量0.1ml/kg、高剂量1ml/kg灌胃给药。
阳性对照组:地塞米松,按5mg/kg剂量灌胃。
2. 方法
取体重25.0±1.0g小白鼠40只,雌雄各半,每组10只。在正常饲喂的基础上,空白对照组灌胃0.5%吐温-80生理盐水(20ml/kg),给药组每天灌胃给药一次(低剂量0.1ml/kg、高剂量1ml/kg),阳性对照组灌胃地塞米松(5mg/kg),连续给药5天。末次给药1h后,各组每只小鼠左耳廓相同位置内、外侧各均匀涂抹30μL二甲苯致炎,右耳不涂作为对照。致炎1h后颈椎脱白处死小鼠,用直径8mm打孔器在每只小鼠两耳的相同部位打下耳片,分析天平精确称重,以左右耳重量差表示小鼠耳肿胀成度,肿胀度、炎症抑制率按下面公式计算,结果见表2。
肿胀度 = 右耳片质量—左耳片质量
炎症抑制率(%)=(空白对照组耳肿胀度—给药组耳肿胀度)/ 空白对照组耳肿胀度×100 %
3. 结果
结果表明(表2),与空白对照组相比,连翘挥发油低剂量组(0.1ml/kg)和高剂量组(1ml/kg)均可明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳肿胀作用。高剂量组与阳性对照组的抑制率接近,说明连翘挥发油有较好的抗炎效果。
表2 连翘挥发油对二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀的影响
实施例4 疗效观察
1. 病例选择
随机选取100例上呼吸道感染患者进行观察治疗,年龄3-60岁,分为2组,每组50人。
所选病例症状表现为:上呼吸道感染、咳嗽咽干、咽喉肿痛、鼻塞、喷嚏、流涕、痰多、发热、头痛、乏力等。
所有病例应排除:营养不良或心、肾、血液系统疾病;肺炎、支气管炎;全身症状严重;不按规定服药。
2. 治疗方法
治疗组:取实施例1制备的连翘挥发油软胶囊置于电子加热器的加热腔内,利用加热器内部的针孔刺破软胶囊,释放出挥发油,打开电子加热器开关,精确设定加热温度300℃,加热后挥发油中药物分子汽化,患者经口腔吸入后进入呼吸系统,每次一粒软胶囊,3次/天,连续7天。
对照组:安慰剂(按照实施例1制备的不含连翘挥发油的软胶囊,制备方法和其它辅料均相同),1粒/次,3次/天,连续7天。
3. 疗效标准
(1)痊愈:治疗7天以内体温恢复正常,症状、体征全部消失。
(2)有效:治疗7天以内体温正常,大部分症状和体征消失。
(3)无效:治疗7天以内体温未降低或升高,主要症状和体征无改善或加重。
4. 结果
表3 上呼吸道感染治疗效果
从表3可以看出,与对照组相比,本发明疗法对治疗上呼吸道感染效果显著,总有效率达90%,连翘挥发油通过电子加热使药物分子汽化后,经口部吸入进入鼻腔、咽部、喉部等病灶部位,进而发挥抑菌消炎、消肿止痛的功效,药物起效时间短,未见明显不良反应,是一种高效低毒的治疗手段。
以上所述仅是对本发明予以解释说明,而非对其限制。对于本领域的技术人员而言,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡未脱离本发明技术精神所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进或变更均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法,其特征在于,所述疗法为:以连翘挥发油为药效成分,将连翘挥发油制备成软胶囊剂型,以电子加热器为给药工具,将连翘挥发油软胶囊置于电子加热器的加热腔内,利用加热器的机械结构破坏软胶囊,释放出内含的连翘挥发油,打开电子加热器开关,精确设定加热温度,当温度超过连翘挥发油中化合物的沸点时,药物分子汽化,经口鼻吸入呼吸系统,直达鼻腔、咽部、喉部等病变部位,从而发挥定向治疗的作用。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法,其特征在于,所述连翘挥发油为软胶囊剂型;所述连翘挥发油采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取制得。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法,其特征在于,所述加热腔设置温度范围为300~1000℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法,其特征在于,所述破坏软胶囊的机械结构为针孔。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法,其特征在于,所述加热腔中还包括一种填料,所述填料为20~40目的艾叶粉末。
6.根据权利要求1和2所述的一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法,其特征在于,所述连翘挥发油采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取制得,步骤如下:称取一定量干燥粉碎后的连翘果实置于圆底烧瓶中,按照料液比1:10-20加入蒸馏水,室温浸泡 12 h,再超声处理30min,加热蒸馏5 h;待冷凝管上看不到有油滴出现时说明蒸馏彻底,将所得产物装入分液漏斗,加入适量石油醚摇匀萃取,静置后取上层,用无水硫酸钠吸收多余水分后,转移至蒸馏烧瓶中,45℃真空旋转蒸发,待石油醚蒸发彻底后,得连翘挥发油,称重,4℃保存备用。
7.根据权利要求1和2所述的一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法,其特征在于,所述连翘挥发油软胶囊的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1. 制备内料液:内料液包括:连翘挥发油1%-10%、大麻蜡质10%-20%、0.1%-1%冰片、0.1-1%薄荷冰、余量为溶剂,以重量计;将溶剂加热至50-60℃,加入大麻蜡质,溶解后冷却至室温,加入冰片、薄荷冰使其溶解,再加入连翘挥发油搅拌均匀,得内料液;
S2. 制备囊壳:以医用明胶、甘油、纯净水为囊壳材料,重量比例为明胶:甘油:水=2~4:1~2:2~4;先用80%量的纯净水将明胶浸泡溶胀,再将剩余纯净水与甘油混合注入溶胶罐中,加热搅拌至75℃左右,再加入明胶液,继续搅拌30 分钟后放冷静置,真空脱泡,得到囊壳材料胶液;
S3. 制片压丸:将上述囊壳材料胶液放入预先保温在60℃的贮胶桶中,胶液在60℃保温消泡静置4小时后,保持在60℃下压制胶片;将制成合格的胶片及S1制得的内容物通过自动旋转制囊机压制成软胶囊;自动旋转制囊机生产过程中,控制压丸温度在25-35℃,滚模转速3转/分左右;控制室内温度在20-25℃,空气相对湿度40%下;控制每丸装料量0.4~0.5g;
S4. 压丸成型:将压制成的软胶囊于网机内20℃下吹风定形,定形4小时;
S5. 洗丸、晾丸:用70~95%乙醇洗去胶囊表面油层,并于25~40℃,相对湿度25~40%的条件下,干燥12~24h,即得连翘挥发油软胶囊。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种治疗上呼吸道感染的连翘挥发油软胶囊及其疗法,其特征在于,步骤S1所述的大麻蜡质,是工业大麻花叶经超临界CO2提取所得浸膏,经冬化脱蜡,所得的脱蜡蜡质;所述溶剂为:医用甘油。
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