CN1114095C - 发光二极管照明装置 - Google Patents

发光二极管照明装置 Download PDF

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CN1114095C
CN1114095C CN99802963A CN99802963A CN1114095C CN 1114095 C CN1114095 C CN 1114095C CN 99802963 A CN99802963 A CN 99802963A CN 99802963 A CN99802963 A CN 99802963A CN 1114095 C CN1114095 C CN 1114095C
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light emitting
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M·D·帕斯利
T·M·马沙尔
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Koninklijke Philips NV
Signify Holding BV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/04—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • F21V23/0442—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/04—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • F21V23/0442—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors
    • F21V23/0457—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors the sensor sensing the operating status of the lighting device, e.g. to detect failure of a light source or to provide feedback to the device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/095—Traffic lights
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2111/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for signalling, marking or indicating, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00
    • F21W2111/02—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for signalling, marking or indicating, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00 for roads, paths or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023—Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/003—Lens or lenticular sheet or layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
    • H05B45/22—Controlling the colour of the light using optical feedback

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangement For Electric Light Sources In General (AREA)
  • Non-Portable Lighting Devices Or Systems Thereof (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Elements, Cooling, Sealing, Or The Like Of Lighting Devices (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)

Abstract

一种白光发光照明装置，包括具有各红、绿、和蓝颜色的多个LED(10、12、14)，每种颜色具有独立的电源，并且设置一个光电二极管(24)以测量所有LED的光输出。每种颜色的光输出由一个电子控制电路(30)测量，该控制电路在一个时间脉冲程序中关断不被测量颜色的LED。将每种颜色所测量的光输出与一个可由使用者输入而确定的所需的光输出比较，并相应地修正每种颜色的电流。

Description

发光二极管照明装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有阵列红、绿和蓝色发光二极管(LED)的照明装置，更具体地，涉及一种具有调整各个元件的控制系统以保持一种所需的色平衡(色度)的白光发光照明装置。
背景技术
美国专利第5,301,090号公开了一种具有一个LED阵列的发光二极管照明装置，该阵列包括各红、绿和蓝颜色的多个LED。每种颜色的LED并联连接，并提供有单独的电源，阵列上面提供一个漫射屏幕。通过相应于各颜色的三个旋钮，可手动地控制该装置的色度；但并没有提到自动控制。
LED是以半导体为基础制成的；对于一个给定的驱动电流，各片的光输出不同，每一片的使用寿命也不同。光输出量与温度呈相反变化，但对于每种颜色并不均匀。结果，对于一块给定颜色的LED，如果一个或更多的LED出故障，光输出量将变化。给定可影响任何LED阵列色平衡的所有因素，希望能够自动监视和控制色平衡，特别是对于白光发光照明装置。
根据温度控制给定颜色的LED阵列的电流是已知的，例如交通灯。这种方案对于具有多种颜色的LED的照明装置是很麻烦的，因为温度(和导致的光强)对于各种颜色并不是均匀变化的。
希望自动控制白光发光照明装置的色度，而不考虑使单个颜色的输出量变化的因素。
还希望自动控制色度，而不采用一种光谱分辩的测量系统，例如用于每种各颜色的光电二极管和滤光器。
发明内容
按照本发明，根据设置来用于测量阵列中的所有LED的光输出的一个单独的光电二极管的测量值，可电控制白光发光的LED照明装置的混合光输出(色度)。这是通过一个的时间脉冲程序来单独地测量每一种颜色的LED的光输出而完成的。对于一个红、绿和蓝LED阵列，在一次测量程序中有三个时间脉冲。在每一个时间脉冲期间，关断不被测量的颜色的电流。一个典型的光电二极管的响应时间极短，所以可以在足够短的测量时间内(例如10ms)执行测量过程，观察者将察觉不到。
根据本发明的照明装置，包括：
一个发光二极管阵列，它包括多种颜色中的每种颜色的至少一个发光二极管，
用于向所述每种颜色的所述发光二极管提供电流的装置，据此，所述每种颜色的所述发光二极管具有一个光输出，并且当向所述阵列的所有发光二极管提供电流时，所述阵列具有一个混合的光输出，
一个光电二极管，它设置为测量所述阵列的所有发光二极管的光输出，
用于选择地关断所述发光二极管的电流的装置，使得所述光电二极管在一个时间脉冲程序中分别测量每种颜色的光输出，
用于将每种颜色的所测量的光输出与每种颜色各自的一个所需的光输出进行比较的装置，和
用于根据所述比较对每种颜色的发光二极管的电流进行调节的装置，据此仅采用对于所述阵列的一个单独的光电二极管可得到一个所需的混合的光输出，
其特征在于，所述装置还包括一个设置为接受来自所述阵列的所有发光二极管的光的光纤，所述光纤连接至所述光电二极管。
所测量的颜色的光输出与可通过使用者控制而设置的所需的光输出相比较，必要时可以改变颜色块的电源。色度因此得到自动控制，而不考虑可能导致色度变化的因素。使用者输入允许改变的所需色度，或者是暖白色(较多的红色输出)，或者是冷白色(较多的蓝色输出)。
为了最好地补偿在加热阶段与温度相关的变化，在加热阶段电子控制电路可能进行更频繁的测量程序。在达到稳定的操作温度后，较少的测量对于补偿LED长时间的变化已足够。
在每一种颜色的LED并联连接之处，通过在下一个测量程序期间改变其余的LED的电流，可自动补偿一个出故障的LED。
附图说明
本发明的这些和其他优点将通过以下的附图和描述变得更明显。
图1是根据本发明的具有一个光纤光拾取器的照明装置的剖面图；
图2是照明装置的示意图；
图3是用于控制器的逻辑程序示意图；
图4是光学反馈系统的时序示意图。
附图并未按比例绘制。一般地，附图中的相同的标号表示相同的部分。
具体实施方式
参见图1，相据本发明的一种LED照明装置，它包括一个二维LED阵列10、12、14，其中包括多个各种颜色的LED。在本实施例中，该阵列包括安装在一个壳体18中的一个连接导线的基座16上的红LED10，绿LED12和蓝LED14。各LED被设置成使得整个光输出是白色；在壳体18上安装一个散射器22以增强混合。附加颜色的LED，如淡黄色，可用于增强混合的选择性。光混合装置可以包括除散射器以外的其它装置。
一个单独的光电二极管24设置得使之感应阵列中的所有LED的光强。图1中，一个沿壳体18长度延伸的光纤向光电二极管24输送光，该光电二极管通过反馈线26产生用于控制器30的相应的电流信号。对于小的阵列来说，可将光电二极管设置成直接感应光的输出。可将大量的LED分成多个阵列，每一个阵列有一个光电二极管，来代替如图1所描述的光纤设置。
再参见图2，控制器30将光电二极管24的反馈信号转换成颜色点的测量值，该值与通过使用者输入装置40提供的所需的设定值相比较。根据这个比较，控制器30确定呈现的是否是所需的色平衡，并因此对各个二极管10、12、14的电路调整器11、13、15发出信号。将从AC变换器50的一个电源输入转换成控制相应红、绿、和蓝色的光强度的电流输出，以获得所需的色平衡。上述阵列的每一种颜色的二极管通过连接在基座16上而保持公共电位。使用者控制所需颜色的控制装置，包括相应颜色的输入装置41、42、43，和一个控制最终白光的总光强的调光器44。
图3以示意图的形式描述用于所述照明装置的控制逻辑。当在(31)开启灯时，向LED供电，并且一个测量程序(32)被启动。颜色点的测量值与根据使用者的调整(35)而存储(34)的所需的设定值进行比较(33)。根据这个比较，确定(36)是否需要调整颜色，如果需要，进行调整(37)，并重复测量程序(32)。如果确定不需要调整(36)，则控制器在重复测量程序(32)之前等待一个预定的测量时间间隔。
图4是说明控制逻辑的时序示意图，是在照明装置开启时执行的。四个轨迹的最高点是由一系列三个脉冲(测量程序)组成的测量信号，三个脉冲各分开一段时间(测量时间间隔)。在第一个脉冲期间，绿和蓝色LED关断，因此发光二极管能测量红色LED的光强；在第二个脉冲期间，红和蓝色LED关断，使得发光二极管能测量绿色LED的光强；在第三个脉冲期间，红和绿色LED关断，使得发光二极管能测量蓝色LED的光强。控制电子装置然后将测得的强光与所需的光强比较，并根据需要调整一组或多组LED的电流。
一个典型光电二极管的响应时间极短，每个脉冲很短，例如10ms，使得观察者察觉不到。因此在照明装置的正常工作期间可以执行测量程序。测量时间间隔的长度取决于光输出变化的快慢。例如，取决于LED温度变化的快慢。其范围从每一分钟到每几个小时；控制逻辑可编程为在启动之后很快进行频繁的测量，接着当达到稳定的操作温度时，进行较少的测量。
照明装置可包括不止一排的每种颜色的LED，并可分开测量这些排的输出。例如两排LED，每排有三种颜色，测量程序就会有六个脉冲。在每一种情况下，最好根据一个程序中的所有的测量值来调整色平衡，而不是只根据相应的光输出调整个别的颜色。
以上描述只是示例性的，并不限制后附的权利要求的范围。

Claims (4)

1.照明装置，包括：
一个发光二极管阵列，它包括多种颜色中的每种颜色的至少一个发光二极管(10，12，14)，
用于向所述每种颜色的所述发光二极管提供电流的装置，据此，所述每种颜色的所述发光二极管(10，12，14)具有一个光输出，并且当向所述阵列的所有发光二极管提供电流时，所述阵列具有一个混合的光输出，
一个光电二极管(24)，它设置为测量所述阵列的所有发光二极管的光输出，
用于选择地关断所述发光二极管(10，12，14)的电流的装置(30)，使得所述光电二极管(24)在一个时间脉冲程序中分别测量每种颜色的光输出，
用于将每种颜色的所测量的光输出与每种颜色各自的一个所需的光输出进行比较的装置，和
用于根据所述比较对每种颜色的发光二极管的电流进行调节的装置(30)，据此仅采用对于所述阵列的一个单独的光电二极管可得到一个所需的混合的光输出，
其特征在于，所述装置还包括一个设置为接受来自所述阵列的所有发光二极管(10，12，14)的光的光纤(28)，所述光纤(28)连接至所述光电二极管(24)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的照明装置，其特征在于，它还包括用于设置所需的光输出的使用者输入控制装置(41，42，43)。
3.按照权利要求1所述的照明装置，其特征在于，所述发光二极管阵列包括每种红、绿、和蓝颜色的发光二极管(10、12、14)，所述发光二极管设置为使得混合的光输出是白色的。
4.按照权利要求3所述的照明装置，其特征在于，它还包括用于混合颜色以获得均匀的白光的混合光学装置(22)。
CN99802963A 1998-12-18 1999-12-02 发光二极管照明装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1114095C (zh)

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US09/216,262 US6127783A (en) 1998-12-18 1998-12-18 LED luminaire with electronically adjusted color balance

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