JP4642870B2 - Led照明器具 - Google Patents

Led照明器具 Download PDF

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JP4642870B2
JP4642870B2 JP2008075819A JP2008075819A JP4642870B2 JP 4642870 B2 JP4642870 B2 JP 4642870B2 JP 2008075819 A JP2008075819 A JP 2008075819A JP 2008075819 A JP2008075819 A JP 2008075819A JP 4642870 B2 JP4642870 B2 JP 4642870B2
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leds
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light output
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ミヒャエル ディー パシュレイ
トーマス エム マーシャル
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/04Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • F21V23/0442Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21VFUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V23/00Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/04Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • F21V23/0442Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors
    • F21V23/0457Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors the sensor sensing the operating status of the lighting device, e.g. to detect failure of a light source or to provide feedback to the device
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08GTRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00Traffic control systems for road vehicles
    • G08G1/09Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
    • G08G1/095Traffic lights
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20Controlling the colour of the light
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21WINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
    • F21W2111/00Use or application of lighting devices or systems for signalling, marking or indicating, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00
    • F21W2111/02Use or application of lighting devices or systems for signalling, marking or indicating, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00 for roads, paths or the like
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
    • F21Y2115/10Light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/0001Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
    • G02B6/0011Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
    • G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide
    • G02B6/0023Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source
    • G02B6/003Lens or lenticular sheet or layer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05BELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20Controlling the colour of the light
    • H05B45/22Controlling the colour of the light using optical feedback

Description

本発明は、赤色、緑色及び青色の発光ダイオード(LED)のアレイを備える照明器具、とりわけ、所望のカラーバランス(色度)を維持するために個々の成分を調節する制御システムを備える白色光を発する照明器具に関する。
米国特許第5,301,090号は、赤色、緑色及び青色の各々の複数のLEDを含むLEDのアレイを持つLED照明器具を開示する。各色のLEDは並列に配線され、別個の電源が設けられ、拡散スクリーンが該アレイの上に設けられる。組立品の色度は関連の色のための3つのつまみにより手動で制御され、自動制御については言及されていない。
LEDは半導体ベースであり、所与の駆動電流に対して光出力がチップごとに変化し、各チップの寿命にわたっても変化する。光出力はまた温度と反比例的に変化するが、各色に対して一様ではない。最後に、所与の色のLEDのブロックにおいては、1つ以上のLEDが故障する場合に光出力が変化するだろう。特に白色光を発する照明器具においては、LEDの如何なるアレイのカラーバランスに影響を及ぼし得る全ての要因が与えられ、カラーバランスを自動的に監視し、調整することが望ましいだろう。
例えば交通信号灯においては、温度に基づいて所与の色のLEDのアレイへの電流を制御することは既知である。温度(それ故、光の強さ(light intensity))は種々の色に対して一様には変化しないことから、この機構は複数の色のLEDを持つ照明器具において厄介(cumbersome)であろう。
個々の色の光出力を変化させる要因に関係なく、白色光を発する照明器具の色度を自動的に制御することが望ましいであろう。
更に、関連の色の各々に対するフィルタ及びフォトダイオード等のスペクトル分解光測定システムに頼らずに自動的に色度を制御することが望ましいであろう。
本発明によると、白色光を発するLED照明器具の組合せ光出力(色度)は、アレイ内の全てのLEDの光出力を測定するように構成された単一のフォトダイオードによる測定に基づいて電子制御される。これは、時間パルスのシーケンスにおいて各色のLEDの光出力を個別に測定することにより果たされる。赤色、緑色及び青色のLEDのアレイに対し、測定シーケンス内に3つの時間パルスがある。各時間パルスの間、測定されていない色に対する電流は閉じられる。典型的なフォトダイオードの応答時間は極めて短いので、観察者がそれを検知しないであろう十分に短い時間(例えば10ms)内にこの測定シーケンスを実行することが出来る。
前記色の測定された光出力は、ユーザ制御により設定され得る所望の出力と比較され、該色のブロックに対する電源への変更が必要に応じてなされる。斯くして、色度は、該色度を変化させ得る要因に関係なく自動的に制御される。ユーザ入力は、暖かい白色(より赤い出力)又は冷たい白色(より青い出力)のどちらかに所望の色度を変えることを可能にする。
ウォームアップ段階の間の温度に依存した変化に対して最良の補償をするために、電子制御回路は、ウォームアップの間により頻繁に測定シーケンスを引き受けても良い。安定動作温度に達した後のLEDにおける長期変化に対する補償には、より少ない頻度での測定で十分である。
各色のLEDが並列に配線される場合、次の測定シーケンスの間に残っているLEDへの電流を変えることによりLEDの故障を自動的に補償することが出来る。
本発明のこれら及び付加的な利点を以下の図及び説明から明らかにする。
図は縮尺通りには描かれていない。概して、図中の同様な参照数字は同様な部分を指す。
図1を参照すると、本発明によるLED照明器具は、複数の色の各々において複数のLEDを含むLED10、12及び14の二次元アレイを含む。この場合、アレイはハウジング18内の配線基板16上に取り付けられた赤色LED10、緑色LED12及び青色LED14を含む。LEDは光出力全体が白色になるように構成され、ハウジング18上に取り付けられるディフューザ22は混合を高めるために設けられる。琥珀色等の付加的な色のLEDが混合オプション(the mixing options)を増すために用いられても良い。混合光学部品(the mixing optics)はディフューザ以外の手段を含んでも良い。
単一のフォトダイオード24は、アレイ内の全てのLEDの光の強さを感知するように構成される。図1においては、ハウジング18の長手方向に延在する光ファイバーが、フォトダイオード24に光を送り、フォトダイオード24は、フィードバックライン26を介して制御器30に対する対応する電流信号を生成する。小さいアレイに対しては、フォトダイオードが、光出力を直接感知するように構成されても良い。非常に多いLEDは、図1に示されている光ファイバーの配置に代えて、各アレイに対するフォトダイオードを備えるアレイに分けられても良い。
図2も参照すると、制御器30は、フォトダイオード24からのフィードバックをカラーポイント測定値(color point measurement)に変換し、該カラーポイント測定値は、ユーザ入力40を介して供される所望の設定と比較される。前記比較に基づいて、制御器30は、所望のカラーバランスが存在しているのかどうかを決定し、それに応じて各関連するダイオード10、12及び14に対する電流調整器11、13及び15に信号を送る。斯くして、交流変換器50からの電力入力は、所望のカラーバランスを得るように関連する赤色、緑色及び青色の光の強さを制御する電流出力に変換される。アレイの各色のダイオードは、基板16上の配線により共通の電位に保たれる。所望の設定のためのユーザの制御は、関連する色に対する入力部41、42及び43、並びに結果として生じる白色光の全体的な強さを制御する調光器(dimmer)44を含む。
図3は当該照明器具の制御論理を図示している。ランプがつけられる(31)と、電力がLEDに供され、測定シーケンスが開始される(32)。カラーポイント測定値が、ユーザの調節(35)に従って記憶される(34)所望の設定と比較される(33)。この比較に基づいて色調節が必要かどうかが決定され(36)、必要である場合には調節がなされ(37)、測定シーケンスが繰り返される(32)。色調節は必要ないと決定される(36)場合には、制御器は、測定シーケンスを繰り返す(32)前に所定の測定間隔の間待機する(38)だろう。
図4は、当該照明器具がつけられている間に実行される制御論理を図示しているタイミング図である。4つのトレースの一番上は、ある長さの時間(a span of time)(測定間隔)により分けられる、一連の3つのパルスから成る測定信号(測定シーケンス)である。第1パルスの間には緑色及び青色のLEDが消され、それ故、フォトダイオードは赤色のLEDの光の強さを測定することができ、第2パルスの間には赤色及び青色のLEDが消され、故にフォトダイオードは緑色のLEDの光の強さを測定することができ、第3パルスの間には赤色及び緑色のLEDが消され、故にフォトダイオードは青色のLEDの光の強さを測定することが出来る。次いで、制御エレクトロニクスが、測定された強さを所望の強さと比較し、必要に応じて1つ以上のグループのLEDへの電流を調節する。
典型的なフォトダイオードの応答時間は極めて短く、各パルスは、観察者が該パルスを検知しないような短さ、例えば1.0ms、になり得る。斯くして、当該照明器具の通常動作時に測定シーケンスを実行することが出来る。測定間隔の長さは光出力がどのぐらい素早く変化するかに依存する。このことは、例えば、どのぐらい素早くLEDの温度が変化するのかに依存する。前記測定間隔の長さは1分ごとから数時間ごとに及ぶことができ、即ち、制御論理を、起動直後の頻繁な測定、及びそれに続く、安定動作温度に達する際のより少ない頻度の測定に対しプログラムすることが出来る。
当該照明器具が各色において2列(string)以上のLEDを含み、該列の出力を個別に測定することは可能である。例えば、3色の各々の2列により測定シーケンスは6つのパルスを持つだろう。どの場合においても、単に対応する光出力に基づいて個々の色を調節するよりむしろ、シーケンスにおける測定の全てに基づいてカラーバランスを調節することが好ましい。
上記は例示であって、特許請求の範囲を限定するものではない。
光ファイバーの光ピックアップを備える、本発明による照明器具の断面図である。 前記照明器具の概略図である。 制御器の論理シーケンスの図である。 光学フィードバックシステムのタイミング図である。
符号の説明
10 赤色のLED
12 緑色のLED
14 青色のLED
16 配線基板
18 ハウジング
22 ディフューザ
24 フォトダイオード
26 フィードバックリンク
30 制御器
41 入力部
42 入力部
43 入力部
44 調光器
50 交流変換器

Claims (8)

  1. 複数の色の各々において少なくとも1つのLEDを有するLEDのアレイと、
    各前記色の前記LEDが光出力を持ち、電流が前記アレイ内の前記LEDの全てに供給される際に該アレイが組合せ光出力を持つように、各前記色の前記LEDに電流を供給する手段と、
    前記アレイ内の全ての前記LEDの前記光出力を測定するように構成されたフォトダイオードと、
    時間パルスのシーケンスにおいて、各色の前記LEDの前記光出力が、前記アレイに対して単一の前記フォトダイオードだけを用いて、別々に測定されるように、選択的に、測定されている色以外の全ての色の前記LEDへの電流を閉じる手段と、
    各色の測定された光出力を各色の関連の所望の光出力と比較する手段と、
    所望の組合せ光出力が実現され得るように、前記比較に基づいて各色のLEDへの前記電流を調整する手段とを有する照明器具であって、
    前記測定の合間には、前記アレイ内の前記LEDの全てに電流が供給される照明器具。
  2. 更に、前記アレイ内の全てのLEDから光を受け取るように構成された光ファイバーを有し、該光ファイバーが前記フォトダイオードに接続されている請求項1に記載の照明器具。
  3. 更に、前記所望の光出力を設定するユーザ入力制御を有する請求項1に記載の照明器具。
  4. LEDの前記アレイが赤色、緑色及び青色の各々のLEDを有し、前記組合せ光出力が白色になるように該LEDが構成されている請求項1に記載の照明器具。
  5. 更に、一様な白色光を得るために各前記色を混合する混合光学部品を有する請求項4に記載の照明器具。
  6. 複数の色の各々において少なくとも1つのLEDを有するLEDのアレイと、前記アレイ内の全ての前記LEDの光出力を測定するように構成されたフォトダイオードとを有するLED照明器具のカラーバランスを調節する方法であり、
    各前記色の前記LEDが光出力を持ち、電流が前記アレイ内の前記LEDの全てに供給される際に該アレイが組合せ光出力を持つように、各前記色の前記LEDに電流を供給するステップと、
    選択的に、測定されている色以外の全ての色の前記LEDへの電流を閉じることにより、前記アレイに対して単一の前記フォトダイオードだけを用いて各前記色の前記LEDの前記光出力を順次測定するステップと、
    各色の測定された光出力を各色の関連の所望の光出力と比較するステップと、
    所望の組合せ光出力が実現され得るように、前記比較に基づいて各色の前記LEDへの前記電流を調節するステップとを有する方法であって、
    前記電流を供給するステップが、前記測定の合間には、前記アレイ内の前記LEDの全てに電流を供給するステップを有する方法。
  7. 前記順次測定するステップは、各色に対して1つの時間パルスを持つ測定シーケンスにおいて各前記色の前記LEDに別々に電流を供給するステップと、各前記時間パルスの間に当該色のうちの一色の前記LEDの前記光出力を測定するステップとを有する請求項6に記載の方法。
  8. 前記電流を供給するステップは、各前記時間パルスの間、測定されている色以外の全ての色の前記LEDへの前記電流を閉じるステップと、前記パルスと前記パルスとの間、及び前記測定シーケンスを分離する測定の合間には、前記アレイ内の前記LEDの全てに電流を供給するステップとを有する請求項7に記載の方法。
JP2008075819A 1998-12-18 2008-03-24 Led照明器具 Expired - Lifetime JP4642870B2 (ja)

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US09/216,262 US6127783A (en) 1998-12-18 1998-12-18 LED luminaire with electronically adjusted color balance

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EP (1) EP1056993B1 (ja)
JP (2) JP4147004B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN1114095C (ja)
DE (1) DE69906260T2 (ja)
WO (1) WO2000037904A1 (ja)

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DE69906260T2 (de) 2003-12-04
CN1114095C (zh) 2003-07-09

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