CN1269385C - 发光二极管光源及驱动该光源的方法 - Google Patents

发光二极管光源及驱动该光源的方法 Download PDF

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CN1269385C
CN1269385C CNB01802758XA CN01802758A CN1269385C CN 1269385 C CN1269385 C CN 1269385C CN B01802758X A CNB01802758X A CN B01802758XA CN 01802758 A CN01802758 A CN 01802758A CN 1269385 C CN1269385 C CN 1269385C
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light
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CN1393118A (zh
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T·M·马沙尔
M·D·帕斯利
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Signify Holding BV
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    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
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    • F21V23/00—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices
    • F21V23/04—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • F21V23/0442—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F21V23/04—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches
    • F21V23/0442—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors
    • F21V23/0457—Arrangement of electric circuit elements in or on lighting devices the elements being switches activated by means of a sensor, e.g. motion or photodetectors the sensor sensing the operating status of the lighting device, e.g. to detect failure of a light source or to provide feedback to the device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
    • G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
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    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
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    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light
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    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
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    • F21W2111/00—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for signalling, marking or indicating, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00
    • F21W2111/02—Use or application of lighting devices or systems for signalling, marking or indicating, not provided for in codes F21W2102/00 – F21W2107/00 for roads, paths or the like
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2105/00—Planar light sources
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    • F21—LIGHTING
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    • F21Y2113/00—Combination of light sources
    • F21Y2113/10—Combination of light sources of different colours
    • F21Y2113/13—Combination of light sources of different colours comprising an assembly of point-like light sources
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
    • F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
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Abstract

一种光源包括一LED阵列，该LED阵列包括多种颜色中的每种颜色的至少一个LED(10，12，14)。用于将电流提供给每种颜色的LED的装置(50，30)提供电流，该电流具有包括测量驱动脉冲的测量周期，该测量驱动脉冲具有至少一个第一提高部分和一个“断开”部分。涉及每种颜色的LED(10，12，14)具有一光输出，使得该光输出在正常工作期间具有标称连续值，并在所述提高部分期间增加，并在所述“断开”部分期间被中断。此外，当电流提供给阵列中的所有LED(10，12，14)时，该阵列具有组合的光输出。光电二极管(24)被安排测量阵列中所有LED(10，12，14)的光输出。提供装置用于选择地断开流到LED(10，12，14)的电流，使得光电二极管(24)响应测量驱动脉冲独立测量每种颜色的光输出。测量周期期间的平均光输出基本上等于正常工作期间的标称连续光输出，以便避免可见的闪烁。

Description

发光二极管光源及驱动该光源的方法
本申请是先前提交的并在此引用以供参考的专利中请US-A6,127,783的部分继续。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有红、绿和蓝发光二极管(LED)陈列的光源，并更具体地涉及一种具有用于调节各个分量以保持所需要的色平衡(色度)的控制系统的白光发光光源。
背景技术
U.S.专利号5,301,090公开了一种LED光源，该光源具有包括分别为红、绿和蓝色的多个LED的LED阵列。每种颜色的LED并联接线并提供独立的电源供电，并且在阵列上提供一个漫射屏。该组件的色度可通过用于相应颜色的三个旋钮手动控制；没有提到自动控制。
LED是基于半导体的；对于一给定的驱动电流，光输出因接线柱而异，并且也随每个接线柱的寿命而变。光输出还随温度相反变化，但对每种颜色并不一致。最后，在一给定颜色的LED组中，如果一个或多个LED失效则光输出将变化。在已知可以影响LED任何阵列的色平衡的所有因素的情况下，自动监测和调整色平衡，尤其是在白光发光光源中的色平衡是所希望的。
基于温度控制到一给定颜色的LED阵列的电流是已知的，例如在交通信号灯的情况中。该方案在具有多种颜色的LED的光源中是令人讨厌的，因为对于各种不同的颜色，温度(并因此光强)不均匀变化。
在不考虑导致各种颜色的光输出变化的因素的情况下，自动控制白光发光光源的色彩是所期望的。
在不依靠一种从光谱上解决的光测量系统，诸如用于每种相应颜色的光电二极管和滤波器的情况下，自动控制色彩将是进一步所期望的。
发明内容
按照本发明，一种发射白光的LED光源的组合光输出(色度)是基于通过安排单个光电二极管测量阵列中的所有LED的光输出的测量进行电子控制的。这通过在时间脉冲序列中独立测量每种颜色的LED的光输出实现。对于红、绿和蓝LED的阵列在一个测量序列中有三个时间脉冲。在每个时间脉冲期间，没被测量的颜色的电流被断开。常用光电二极管的响应时间非常短，所以测量序列可在观察者不会察觉它的足够短的时间内执行(例如10毫秒)。
所测量的颜色的光输出与可由用户控制器设置的所希望的输出进行比较，需要时对颜色组的电源供电进行调节。于是色彩被自动控制而不考虑可导致其变化的因素。用户输入允许将所希望的色彩变化到或者暖白(红输出较多)或冷白(蓝输出较多)。
为了最好地补偿在加热阶段期间取决于温度的变化，在加热期间电子控制线路可更频繁地执行测量序列。在达到稳定的工作温度后，较低频率的测量足以补偿LED中的长期变化。
在每种颜色的LED是并联接线的情况下，LED的失效可通过在下一个测量序列期间改变流到剩余LED的电流自动补偿。
按照本发明的另一实施例，LED阵列是由电流源驱动的，该电流源包括一具有至少一第一提高(boost)部分和一“断开”部分的测量驱动脉冲。每种颜色的LED有一光输出，该光输出在正常的运行期间具有标称连续值，在提高部分期间增加并在“断开”部分中断。当由电流源提供电流时LED阵列具有组合的光输出。安排一光电二极管以测量阵列中所有LED的光输出。流到LED的电流被选择性地断开，使得光电二极管响应测量驱动脉冲独立测量每种颜色的光输出。
根据本发明，提供一种光源，包括：
-包括多种颜色中的每种颜色的至少一个LED的一种LED阵列；
-用于将电流提供给每种所述颜色的所述LED的装置，所述电流具有包括测量驱动脉冲的测量周期，该测量驱动脉冲具有至少一第一提高部分和一“断开”部分，每种所述颜色的所述LED具有一光输出，使得所述光输出在正常工作期间具有标称连续值，并在所述提高部分期间增加，并在所述“断开”部分期间被中断，当电流被提供给阵列中的所有LED时，该阵列具有组合的光输出；
-被安排测量阵列中所有LED的光输出的光电二极管；以及
-用于选择地断开流到所述LED的电流，使得所述光电二极管响应所述测量驱动脉冲独立测量每种颜色的光输出的装置，以及
-控制器，用于基于光电二极管测量的阵列中LED的光输出控制提供给LED的电流。
根据本发明，提供一种用于驱动LED的阵列的方法，该阵列包括光源中多种颜色中的每种颜色的至少一个LED，该方法包括步骤
-将电流提供给每种所述颜色的所述LED，使得所述LED在正常工作期间有具有标称连续值的光输出；
-在测量周期期间提高所述电流以便确定具有至少第一提高部分的测量驱动脉冲；
-在所述测量周期期间“断开”所述电流以便确定“断开”部分，使得所述光输出在所述提高部分期间增加并在所述“断开”部分期间被中断，当电流被提供给阵列中的所有LED时，该阵列具有组合的光输出；
-测量阵列中所有LED的光输出，以及
-选择地断开流到所述LED的电流，以便响应所述测量驱动脉冲独立测量每种颜色的光输出，并由由此测量的光输出形成反馈，
将该反馈与所希望的设置进行比较并相应地控制提供给所述LED的电流。
附图说明
本发明的这些和附加优点将从下面的附图和说明中得以明确。
图1是按照本发明的、具有光纤光拾波器的光源的剖面图；
图2是该光源的示意图；
图3是控制器的逻辑序列的示图，以及
图4是光反馈系统的时序图。
图5说明一测量驱动的测量序列。
具体实施方式
参考图1，按照本发明的LED光源包括LED 10，12，14的一二维阵列，该阵列包括多种颜色中每种颜色的多个LED。在当前情况下，阵列包括安装在壳体18内的布线衬底16上的红色LED 10，绿色LED 12和蓝色LED 14。这些LED被这样安排使得总的光输出将是白色的；提供安装在壳体18上的漫射器22用于增强混合。附加颜色的LED，诸如琥珀色可用于增强混合选项。混合光学系统可包括除漫射器以外的其它装置。
单个光电二极管24被安排用于测出阵列中所有LED的光强。
图1中，沿壳体18的长度延伸的光纤将光送到光电二极管24，它产生经反馈线26用于控制器30的相应的电流信号。对于小的阵列该光电二极管用于一个阵列，而不是图1中所示的光纤排列。
同样参考图2，控制器30将来自光电二极管24的反馈转变为色点测量，该测量与经用户输入40提供所希望的设置进行比较。基于该比较，控制器30判断是否存在所希望的色平衡，并由此发信号给相应二极管10，12，14的电流调节器11，13，15。来自AC变换器50的功率输入于是被转变成控制相应颜色红，绿和蓝的光强的电流输出以获得所希望的色平衡。阵列的每种颜色的二极管通过在衬底16上布线保持公共电位。对于所设计的设置的用户控制包括用于相应颜色的输入41，42，43和控制获得的白光的整体强度的调光器44。
图3在示图中示出对光源的逻辑控制。当灯被打开时31，电能被提供给LED并且测量序列被启动32。色点测量与按照用户调整35存储的所希望的设置34比较33。基于该比较，确定36是否需要颜色调节，如果需要，则进行37调节，并且重复测量序列32。如果确定不需要颜色调节36，在重复测量序列32之前控制器将等待预定的测量间隔38。
图4是说明在光源打开时执行的控制逻辑的时序图。四条迹线中的最上面一条是由一系列由时间跨度(测量间隔)分开的三脉冲(测量序列)组成的测量信号。在第一脉冲期间，绿和蓝色LED被断开使得光电二极管可测量红色LED的光强；在第二脉冲期间，红和蓝色LED被断开使得光电二极管可测量绿色LED的光强；在第三脉冲的期间，红和绿色LED被断开使得光电二极管可测量蓝色LED的光强。随后控制电子学将所测量的强度与所希望的强度进行比较，并在可能需要时调节流到一组或多组LED的电流。
典型的光电二极管的响应时间非常短，并且每个脉冲可以短到观察者不会察觉到它，例如10毫秒。于是一测量序列在光源的正常工作期间进行。测量间隔的长度取决于光输出的快速变化。这例如取决于LED的温度变化有多快。它的范围可从每分钟或更短一次到几个小时一次；控制逻辑可被编程用于启动之后不久的频繁测量，在达到稳定的工作温度时随之以不太频繁的测量。
对于光源来说包括每种颜色多于一行的LED，并且单独测量行的输出是可能的。例如三种颜色中的每种颜色为两行的情况下，测量序列可具有六个脉冲。在每种情况下，优选基于一个序列中的所有测量调节色平衡，而不是仅基于相应的光输出调节单个颜色。
前面所述是示例而不是有意地限制下述权利要求的范围。
虽然上面参考图4所述每个通道中的驱动脉冲基本上是短的，例如约为1-2毫秒，很多观察者仍可注意到发射光中的闪烁。这是因为人眼在约15毫秒的范围内通过累积眼中接收的光对光进行响应。因此，敏感的眼睛可观察到如400微秒那么短的一个周期的光中断。因此将测量序列中的每个“断开”周期缩短到400微秒或更短是所期望的。但是，对于常规电子电路该持续时间可能是极短的用以测量LED的光强。
按照本发明的另一实施例，在每个测量序列期间的每个通道的驱动脉冲是变化的以调节这种可能的闪烁。图5说明在按照本发明的一个实施例的测量期间的示例测量驱动脉冲。据此该测量驱动脉冲包括随之以“断开”或中断周期的第一提高部分，并依次随之以第二提高部分。其中有三种限制影响每个测量驱动脉冲的选择。第一，每个脉冲的提高部分优选尽可能地低以避免任何对LED的长期损害。第二，“断开”或中断周期优选尽可能长以便于用不太贵的元件精确测量。第三，为了避免可见的人为现象，第一提高部分、“断开”周期和第二提高部分的整个序列优选约15毫秒。
按照本发明的一个实施例，一种在LED中提供稳定的光电平外形的测量驱动脉冲包括，5毫秒的120％标称光输出的提高，随之以2毫秒电流完全中断，随之以另一5毫秒的120％标称光输出的提高。
按照本发明的另一实施例，驱动脉冲序列是对称的，使得序列中的两个提高部分显示相同的幅度和持续时间，虽然本发明在这方面的范围没有被限定。例如，按照本发明的又一实施例，测量驱动脉冲包括包括随之以一个“断开”周期的第一提高部分的两个分量。此外，按照本发明的原则可采用具有至少一个提高部分和一个“断开”部分的测量驱动脉冲的其它形状。优选，这样选择冲脉使得在人眼的累积时间内-即约15毫秒-被驱动的LED的光平均电平与在正常工作期间的标称连续值相同。
按照本发明的一个实施例，光输出近似地与驱动电流成比例，使得驱动电流的特定百分比的增加对应于光输出电平成比例的增加。于是，例如，如果希望光输出电平如图5所示增加到120％，则电流的增加为一预定的百分比，例如也为120％。于是，将包括一特定的电流提高百分比的测量驱动脉冲序列用于所有驱动电平是可能的。
但是，在所有的工作电流，LED不必需显示光输出电平变化和驱动电流变化之间的比例关系。于是，按照本发明的另一实施例，为了在测量序列期间实现更好的维持恒定光输出电平的精度，为光源校准光与电流之间的关系，并且提高的电流值是这样选择的，使得在所有工作电平，光电平平均为标称直流电平。为了存储校准的电流与光输出的关系，智能控制电路30被配置为包括一个数据库，该数据库提供工作条件范围的光输出电平中任何所希望的变化所需要的电流变化的数量。

Claims (14)

1.一种光源，包括：
-包括多种颜色中的每种颜色的至少一个LED的一种LED(10，12，14)阵列；
-用于将电流提供给每种所述颜色的所述LED(10，12，14)的装置(50)，所述电流具有包括测量驱动脉冲的测量周期，该测量驱动脉冲具有至少一第一提高部分和一“断开”部分，每种所述颜色的所述LED(10，12，14)具有一光输出，使得所述光输出在正常工作期间具有标称连续值，并在所述提高部分期间增加，并在所述“断开”部分期间被中断，当电流被提供给阵列中的所有LED(10，12，14)时，该阵列具有组合的光输出；
-被安排测量阵列中所有LED(10，12，14)的光输出的光电二极管(24)；以及
-用于选择地断开流到所述LED(10，12，14)的电流，使得所述光电二极管(24)响应所述测量驱动脉冲独立测量每种颜色的光输出的装置，以及
-控制器(30)，用于基于光电二极管测量的阵列中LED的光输出控制提供给LED(10，12，14)的电流。
2.按照权利要求1的光源，其中，测量周期期间的平均光输出基本上等于在所述正常工作期间的标称连续光输出，以便避免可见的闪烁。
3.按照权利要求2的光源，其中，所述测量驱动脉冲进一步包括所述“断开”周期之后的第二提高部分。
4.按照权利要求3的光源，其中，所述第一和第二提高部分具有相同的持续时间和幅度。
5.按照权利要求4的光源，其中，所述第一和第二提高部分为所述标称连续光值的120％。
6.按照权利要求5的光源，其中，所述第一和第二提高部分的持续时间分别近似为5毫秒，并且所述“断开”周期的持续时间为2毫秒。
7.按照权利要求2的光源，进一步包括用于存储将LED驱动电流变化与LED光输出变化联系起来(30)的校准值的装置。
8.一种用于驱动LED(10，12，14)的阵列的方法，该阵列包括光源中多种颜色中的每种颜色的至少一个LED，该方法包括步骤
-将电流提供给每种所述颜色的所述LED(10，12，14)，使得所述LED(10，12，14)在正常工作期间有具有标称连续值的光输出(31)；
-在测量周期期间提高所述电流以便确定具有至少第一提高部分的测量驱动脉冲；
-在所述测量周期期间“断开”所述电流以便确定“断开”部分，使得所述光输出在所述提高部分期间增加并在所述“断开”部分期间被中断，当电流被提供给阵列中的所有LED(10，12，14)时，该阵列具有组合的光输出；
-测量阵列中所有LED(10，12，14)的光输出(32)，以及
-选择地断开流到所述LED(10，12，14)的电流，以便响应所述测量驱动脉冲独立测量每种颜色的光输出，并由由此测量的光输出形成反馈，
-将该反馈与所希望的设置进行比较并相应地控制提供给所述LED(10，12，14)的电流。
9.按照权利要求8的方法，进一步包括步骤，在测量周期期间保持平均光输出基本上等于所述正常工作期间的标称连续光输出，以便避免可见闪烁。
10.按照权利要求9的方法，进一步包括步骤，在所述“断开”周期之后提高所述电流以便确定第二提高部分。
11.按照权利要求10的方法，进一步包括步骤，保持所述第一和第二提高部分以具有相同的持续时间和幅度。
12.按照权利要求11的方法，进一步包括步骤，将所述电流信号提高到所述标称连续光值的120％。
13.按照权利要求12的方法，进一步包括步骤，将所述第一和第二提高部分的持续时间分别保持在约5毫秒，并将所述“断开”周期的持续时间保持在约2毫秒。
14.按照权利要求9的方法，进一步包括步骤，存储将LED驱动电流变化与LED光输出变化联系起来的校准值。
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CN1393118A (zh) 2003-01-22
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KR100788062B1 (ko) 2007-12-21
ATE313239T1 (de) 2005-12-15
JP4749653B2 (ja) 2011-08-17
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US6445139B1 (en) 2002-09-03

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