CN111406594B - Method and machine for simultaneously sowing seeds and fertilizers in vertically layered manner for rice - Google Patents

Method and machine for simultaneously sowing seeds and fertilizers in vertically layered manner for rice Download PDF

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CN111406594B
CN111406594B CN202010418587.3A CN202010418587A CN111406594B CN 111406594 B CN111406594 B CN 111406594B CN 202010418587 A CN202010418587 A CN 202010418587A CN 111406594 B CN111406594 B CN 111406594B
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fertilizer
rice
seed
sowing
seeds
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CN111406594A (en
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钟成虎
程利庆
戴琪
邵百惠
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Maoshi Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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Maoshi Agricultural Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20—Cereals
    • A01G22/22—Rice
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C7/00—Sowing
    • A01C7/06—Seeders combined with fertilising apparatus
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Sowing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a vertical layered seed and fertilizer co-sowing method for rice and a seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine, relating to the technical field of rice planting, wherein the seed and fertilizer co-sowing method comprises the following steps of seed selection, seed treatment, soil preparation and sowing: pressing the surface of moist soil into a convex sowing bar, applying the controlled release fertilizer to a position right below the rice seeds, scattering the rice seeds onto the top surface of the convex sowing bar, and covering with thin soil; the seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine comprises a machine body, a seed discharging pipe, a fertilizer discharging pipe, a sailboard, a rubber strip and a screw fertilizer applicator.

Description

Method and machine for simultaneously sowing seeds and fertilizers in vertically layered manner for rice
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a vertical layered seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing method and a seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing machine for rice.
Background
Rice is one of the main grain crops planted in China, and plays a very important role in ensuring grain safety. At present, the rice planting modes in China mainly include 4 types, namely manual rice transplanting, mechanical rice transplanting and direct seeding. With the continuous development of scientific technology and the application of various agricultural machinery and advanced planting technologies, the rice planting method with low efficiency of hand transplanting is gradually replaced by other planting methods with higher efficiency; the rice seedling throwing refers to a technical means of adopting a pot seedling raising and replacing manual transplanting by throwing planting, but the rice seedling throwing does not form a systematic and complete scientific and technical system, and the seedling throwing and planting technical indexes of different regions and different varieties are not unified and quantized; the mechanical transplanting is to adopt a seedling tray to raise seedlings in a centralized way, and a transplanter is used for replacing manual transplanting, but the transplanter has a complex structure, needs training for operation and maintenance, is not suitable for small field operation, has large investment and long recovery period; the direct seeding is to directly seed dry seeds or seeds soaked for germination into a field according to the required seeding quantity. Compared with transplanting, the method saves the links of seedling raising, seedling transplanting and the like, is more labor-saving and labor-saving, and is widely applied to areas with high accumulated temperature, such as Anhui, jiangsu, hubei, hunan, jiangxi and the like. In the future process of rice planting production development, the direct seeding planting technology has extremely wide development prospect, but the direct seeding planting technology has the problems of shallow rice root system, easy lodging, uneven seeding, serious nutrient loss, a lot of weeds, multiple fertilization in later period and the like.
The seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing technology has been popularized for many years in agricultural production, and has been widely accepted by farmers, the application area is continuously enlarged, and the effect is obvious. With the appearance of the novel slow-release fertilizer, the requirement of the growth and development of crops in the whole growth period on nutrients can be met by one-time fertilization, and the fertilizer has the advantages of reducing the fertilizing amount and the fertilizing times, saving the fertilizer production raw materials, improving the fertilizer utilization rate, simplifying the operation, reducing the ecological environment pollution and the like. The seed and fertilizer co-sowing planting technology is mainly applied to crops such as wheat, corn, peanut, cotton and the like, the application to the corn and the peanut is the most at present, and the application to rice is less.
Chinese patent document CN107889602A discloses a one-time root zone hole application method for all fertilizers in the whole growth period of rice, during the growth period of rice, all fertilizers required by the growth period of rice are applied in one time through a hole application way, and no additional fertilizer is applied in the growth period of rice. The patent adopts a common fertilizer, can meet the requirements of rice varieties with short growth periods, and for some glutinous rice, japonica rice and other varieties with long growth periods, the requirements of later growth periods on the fertilizer can not be met, and the problem that weeds and rice seeds compete for the fertilizer exists; although the patent adopts a sowing mode of sowing seeds and fertilizers simultaneously, the specific arrangement mode of the seeds and the fertilizers is not vertically layered.
Chinese patent document CN108307740A discloses a method for direct sowing of wide-width rice strips and simultaneous sowing of seed and fertilizer, which is characterized in that breast-breaking white rice seeds and controlled-release fertilizer are simultaneously applied by a special direct-sowing rice seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing machine to form parallel lines of seed rows and fertilizer rows, wherein the row spacing of the seed rows is 18-32 cm, the sowing width is 5-15 cm, the fertilizer is positioned between two rows of seeds, and the two rows of seeds share one row of fertilizer; the rice seeds Shi Rushi are firstly pressed into a concave-shaped sowing bar with the width of 5-15 cm and the depth of 2-4 cm on the surface of moist soil, and the rice seeds are positioned at the bottom of the concave-shaped sowing bar and 2-4 cm away from the surface of the soil. The method applies seeds and fertilizer simultaneously, thereby improving the planting efficiency; the row spacing and the sowing width of the rice are properly increased, the ventilation and light transmittance are improved, the photosynthesis is enhanced, the growth vigor of individual plants is good, and the population quality is high; resin urea is adopted for 30-90% of nitrogen, so that the problem that seeds are burnt and seedlings are burned due to increase of fertilizing amount is avoided; the fertilizer is applied in the deep soil, the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is improved, and the lodging resistance of the direct-seeded rice is improved. Although the method uses the controlled release fertilizer, the problem of insufficient fertilizer in the later period is avoided, the fertilizer adopts a side fertilization mode, the weeds in rows are close to the fertilizer, the weeds easily grow excessively, the yield of rice is reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is low.
Chinese patent document CN110089372A discloses a simple direct seeding method for paddy rice in hilly areas, soaking seeds 2-3 days before seeding, changing water every 8-12 hours, and dewatering and draining the seeds 3 hours ahead of seeding; treating seeds by using a direct seeding special seed dressing agent for seed dressing, and mixing the seeds for use immediately; simultaneous sowing of seed manure before and after Qingming festival; timely sealing grass after sowing; after the rice leaves, spraying a direct seeding special herbicide and a weed sealing agent in a first-leaf period, topdressing weaning fertilizer 60 jin/mu, and performing shallow water in a field line, and keeping a water layer of 3-5 cm; in the five-leaf stage of rice, a special direct-seeding herbicide is sprayed at a weed-meeting place before booting. Compared with the traditional artificial transplanting, the method saves seedling raising and transplanting, saves a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources, can relieve the contradiction of insufficient labor force, can effectively improve the cultivation efficiency and the final yield in the rice production process, and has important significance for realizing light weight, specialization and scale of rice production. Although the method adopts a fertilizing method of sowing seeds and fertilizer at the same time, the phenomenon of burning seeds and seedlings is easy to occur when the seeds and the fertilizer are applied to the same position, and the method needs additional fertilizer in the subsequent step.
Chinese patent document CN106888659a discloses a one-time fertilization method for rice, which includes two fertilization methods: the first fertilizer applying mode is that two V-shaped trenches with one deep and one shallow are formed between two adjacent rows of rice, slow and controlled release fertilizer is applied in the deep trenches, and quick-acting fertilizer is applied in the shallow trenches; the application ratio of the slow controlled release fertilizer to the quick-acting fertilizer is recorded as 3-5:1 according to the nitrogen amount; the second fertilizing method is that a slope ditch is arranged between two adjacent rows of rice, and then slow-controlled release fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer with the weight ratio of 3-5:1 are applied in the slope ditch according to the weight of nitrogen; the slow release time in the slow and controlled release fertilizer is 40 days, 60 days and 90 days. The quick-acting fertilizer and the controlled-release compound fertilizer are combined to meet the nutritional requirements of the rice in the whole growth period, and the fertilizer is applied at one time without additional fertilizer; the one-time fertilization is realized by adopting a deep groove and shallow groove combination and an inclined plane fertilization method. The seedling growth characteristics of mechanical transplanting and mechanical direct seeding can be met, the shallow fertilizer ensures the nutrition supply in the early growth period, and the deep fertilizer ensures the nutrition supply in the middle and later growth periods. In the patent, a double-groove fertilizing device is additionally arranged on the existing rice transplanter and the existing direct seeder, so that the double-groove fertilizing device has the effect of sowing seeds and fertilizers at the same time, but the slow-controlled release fertilizer contains three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, so that the fertilizer cost is higher; secondly, the slow release time ratio in the slow controlled release fertilizer is 40 days, 60 days and 90 days, which can meet the requirements of rice varieties with shorter growth period, but can not meet the requirements of the later growth period on the fertilizer for glutinous rice, japonica rice and other varieties with longer growth period; and the problem that weeds and rice seeds compete for fertilizer nutrition exists; finally, the patent does not describe a specific direct seeding mode and does not relate to the field of rice vertical layered seed and fertilizer simultaneous seeding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for simultaneously sowing seeds and fertilizers in a vertically layered manner and a machine for simultaneously sowing seeds and fertilizers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for sowing rice seeds and fertilizer vertically in layers at the same time is characterized in that the fertilizer is applied to the position 3-12cm under the rice seeds vertically.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting rice seed varieties and screening the quality of the rice seeds;
(2) Seed treatment: sunning the rice seeds for 1-2 days before seed soaking, sterilizing, soaking, accelerating germination until rice seeds are white, spreading and drying for 0.5 days before sowing, and sowing on sunny days;
(3) Land preparation: after the previous crops are harvested, deeply ploughing the land blocks by using a deep ploughing machine and then raking the land blocks or rotatably levelling the land by using a rotary cultivator, after raking the rice field, keeping the thickness of a water layer at 5-7 cm, waiting for 1-3 days until the soil is settled, draining water one day before sowing, and then sowing;
(4) Sowing: pressing the surface of moist soil into an indentation of a convex sowing bar with the width of 3-5cm and the height of 6-8 cm, applying fertilizer to a position 6-8 cm deep under the rice seeds, scattering the rice seeds onto the top surface of the convex sowing bar, and covering with thin soil; a straight line is formed when the fertilizer is applied, namely a fertilizer row, when the seeds are sown, a straight line is formed, namely a seed row, and the fertilizer row and the seed row are arranged in parallel;
further, the fertilizer is preferably a controlled release fertilizer.
Preferably, the rice seed variety is any one of direct-seeding early rice, late rice, two-line hybrid rice, three-line hybrid rice, hybrid japonica rice, japonica rice or glutinous rice.
Further, when the controlled release fertilizer only controls nitrogen, 30-90% of total nitrogen adopts resin urea, the controlled release nitrogen nutrient content is 8-25 parts by weight, and the release period of the resin urea is 30-140 days; when part of the controlled release fertilizer controls nitrogen and potassium, 30-90% of total nitrogen adopts resin urea, the controlled release nitrogen nutrient content is 8-25 parts by weight, the release period of the resin urea is 30-140 days, 20-90% of total potassium adopts resin potassium chloride, the controlled release potassium nutrient content is 4-15 parts by weight, and the release period of the resin potassium chloride is 70-140 days; when part of the controlled release fertilizer controls nitrogen and phosphorus, 30-90% of total nitrogen adopts resin urea, the controlled release nitrogen nutrient content is 8-25 parts by weight, the release period of the resin urea is 30-140 days, 20-90% of the total phosphorus adopts resin monoammonium or diammonium, the controlled release phosphorus nutrient content is 4-15 parts by weight, and the release period of the resin phosphate fertilizer is 70-140 days; when partial nitrogen control, phosphorus control and potassium control of the controlled release fertilizer are carried out, resin urea is adopted for 30-90% of total nitrogen, the content of controlled release nitrogen nutrients is 8-25 parts by weight, the release period of the resin urea is 30-140 days, resin monoammonium or diammonium is adopted for 20-90% of total phosphorus, the content of controlled release phosphorus nutrients is 4-15 parts by weight, the release period of resin phosphate fertilizer is 70-140 days, resin potassium chloride is adopted for 20-90% of total potassium, the content of controlled release potassium nutrients is 4-15 parts by weight, and the release period of resin potassium chloride is 70-140 days.
Furthermore, the sowing width of the rice seeds is 0-5 cm, and the row spacing between seed rows is 18-32 cm.
Furthermore, the sowing amount of the rice seeds is 0.3-40 kg/mu.
Furthermore, the fertilizing amount of the controlled release fertilizer is 30-80 kg/mu.
Further, when the controlled release fertilizer is used for early and late rice, the fertilizing amount is 30-50 kg/mu; when the controlled release fertilizer is used for hybrid rice, the fertilizing amount is 30-60 kg/mu; when the controlled release fertilizer is used for the japonica hybrid rice, the fertilizing amount is 40-60 kg/mu; when the controlled release fertilizer is used for japonica rice, the fertilizing amount is 40-80 kg/mu; when the controlled release fertilizer is used for glutinous rice, the fertilizing amount is 40-80 kg/mu.
The seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine comprises a machine body, wherein a seed discharging pipe and a fertilizer discharging pipe are arranged at the bottom of the machine body, a seed outlet is formed in the bottom end of the seed discharging pipe, a fertilizer outlet is formed in the bottom end of the fertilizer discharging pipe, a sailboard for manufacturing a convex sowing bar, a rubber bar for covering rice seeds with thin soil and a screw fertilizer applicator are further arranged on the machine body, a plough-shaped soil breaking component is arranged at the front end of the screw fertilizer applicator, and a leveling component is arranged at the rear end of the screw fertilizer applicator.
The vertical layered seed and fertilizer co-sowing method for rice at least comprises the following beneficial effects and advantages:
(1) The method for simultaneously sowing the vertically layered seed and fertilizer of the rice can be used for applying the fertilizer while sowing the rice by adopting the seed and fertilizer simultaneously sowing machine of the invention, has the advantages of convenient operation and labor saving, and the fertilizer application depth is 3-12cm below the rice seeds, so that the fertilizing method is highly concentrated compared with the conventional fertilizer application, the rice root system is easier to absorb, the effect of synchronous fertilizer nutrition release and rice growth can be achieved, the waste of the fertilizer is greatly reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is improved by times;
(2) The vertical layering seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing method for the rice avoids excessive fertilizer competition between weeds and seeds, and reduces weeding difficulty of direct-sowing rice fields;
(3) According to the method for simultaneously sowing the vertically layered seed manure of the rice, the controlled release fertilizer is applied to the deep soil, so that the root system of the direct-sowing rice is further rolled down, and the lodging-resistant and drought-resistant capabilities of the direct-sowing rice can be improved;
(4) The special controlled release fertilizer for direct-seeding rice adopted in the method for simultaneously sowing the vertically layered seed manure of the rice can obviously reduce the fertilizing times, and the resin urea is adopted for 30-90% of nitrogen, so that the phenomenon of burning seeds and seedlings caused by increasing the fertilizing amount can be effectively avoided, and the safety of seedlings in the planting process is improved;
(5) The vertical layered seed and fertilizer co-sowing method for rice and the seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine thereof are reliable and practical, have wide application range, are particularly suitable for small field operation, are simple and convenient to operate, have low use and maintenance cost, and are suitable for popularization and application.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a rice seed and fertilizer distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a seed and fertilizer simulcaster according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the construction of a screw fertilizer applicator according to the embodiment of the present invention;
labeled as: 1. soil; 2. rice seeds; 3. a fertilizer; 4. a body; 5. a seed outlet; 6. a seed discharging pipe; 7. a fertilizer outlet; 8. a fertilizer discharging pipe; 9. a ground breaking component.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise specified, "a plurality" means two or more; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention. Moreover, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance; in addition, it should be noted that unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are intended to be construed broadly, as if they were fixed or removable or integrally connected, for example; the connection can be mechanical connection or circuit connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood as appropriate to those of ordinary skill in the art.
Example 1
A method for simultaneously sowing rice seeds and fertilizers in a vertically layered manner comprises the following specific implementation steps:
(1) Selecting a planting land: selecting a mechanical easy-to-cultivate production area in irrigated south county of Jiangsu province, sowing the crops after harvesting the previous crops by using a special direct-seeding rice seed fertilizer co-sowing machine, planting the crops by adopting a mode of simultaneously applying rice seeds and a special controlled-release fertilizer for direct-seeding rice, and performing the following steps in detail;
(2) Variety selection: selecting early maturing rice seeds with good cold resistance in seedling stage, early growth and fast growth in early stage, moderate tillering capacity, strong disease resistance, short plants and strong lodging resistance;
(3) Seed treatment: sun-drying the seeds for 1-2 days in the first 1 week of seed soaking, and soaking the seeds with strong chlorine for sterilization or selecting coated seeds; soaking seeds in a mode of multiple seeds and multiple seeds, soaking seeds with the medicament for no more than 8-10 h, intermittently soaking seeds in clear water for 24-30 h, alternately soaking seeds with less water and more water; accelerating rice seed germination to reveal white during accelerating germination, spreading and airing for 0.5d before sowing, and sowing in sunny days;
(4) Land preparation: after the previous crops are harvested, deeply ploughing the land blocks by using a deep ploughing machine and then raking the land blocks or rotatably levelling the land by using a rotary cultivator, raking the rice field, keeping the thickness of a water layer at 5-7 cm, waiting for 1-3 days until the soil is settled, draining water one day before sowing, and then sowing the rice;
(5) Sowing: the seeding time is preferably middle-upper ten days in 4 months, and the special direct seeding rice seed and fertilizer simultaneous seeding machine is adopted for seeding and fertilizing;
as shown in the combined drawings 1-3, the seed and fertilizer co-seeder utilizes a sled-shaped sailboard (not shown) arranged on the seed and fertilizer co-seeder to press the surface of moist soil 1 into the indentation of a convex seeding strip with the width of 3 cm and the height of 6 cm, early-season rice seeds with broken chests and white spots freely fall from a seeding port to the top surface of the convex seeding strip during seeding, and then rubber strips (not shown) arranged at the rear part of the seed and fertilizer co-seeder cover the rice seeds 2 with thin soil, specifically, the seeding width is 3 cm, the row spacing between seed rows is 20 cm, and the seeding amount is 120-150 kg/hm 2 ；
And selecting resin urea with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content of 25-10-14 (parts by weight) and the release period of 60 days and the special controlled-release fertilizer for the direct seeding rice with the controlled-release N being more than or equal to 15%, further, the nitrogen control proportion is 57% in the embodiment;
the seed and fertilizer co-seeder comprises a machine body 1 and a screw fertilizer applicator arranged on the machine body 1, wherein the front end of the screw fertilizer applicator is provided with a plow-shaped soil breaking part 9, fertilizer 3 is applied to a position 6 cm deep under rice seeds 2, the fertilizing amount is controlled at 40 kg/mu, and in addition, the rear end of the screw fertilizer applicator is provided with a leveling part (not shown) so that the seeds can be conveniently sown on the surface of the leveled soil 1;
specifically, during the sowing, the rice seeds 2 are broadcast through a seed outlet 5 of the seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine, the controlled release fertilizer is broadcast through a fertilizer outlet 7 of the seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine, a straight line is formed when the controlled release fertilizer is broadcast, namely a fertilizer row, a straight line is formed when the seeds are sown, namely a seed row, and the fertilizer row and the seed row are parallel;
the specific process of broadcasting the seeds and the fertilizer comprises the following steps: the rice seeds 2 reach a seed outlet 5 for broadcasting through a seed discharging pipe 6 below the direct rice seed and fertilizer co-seeder; the width of the edge of the seed outlet 5, namely the seeding width, is adjusted to be 3 cm, and the distance between the adjacent seed discharging pipes 6, namely the row spacing, is adjusted to be 20 cm. In addition, the depth of the screw fertilizer applicator inserted into the soil 1 is 6 cm, after the plow-shaped soil breaking part 9 at the front end of the screw fertilizer applicator lifts the wet soil towards two sides, the fertilizer 3 reaches the fertilizer outlet 7 through the fertilizer discharging pipe 8 and is applied to the sowing strip.
Compared with the common fertilizer and the conventional fertilization method, the invention can reduce the weeding difficulty, improve the biological characters of the rice, adjust the yield forming factors, increase the yield of the rice by 10.4 percent, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer by 45.2 percent, reduce the nutrient loss, lighten the environmental pollution, realize one-time fertilization and reduce the agricultural production cost.
Example 2
A vertical layered seed and fertilizer co-sowing method for rice comprises the following specific implementation steps:
(1) Selecting a planting land: selecting a mechanically easy-to-cultivate production area in Nanling county of Tu lake City, anhui, and after harvesting the previous crops, sowing the crops by using a special direct-sowing rice seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine, and planting the crops in a mode of simultaneously applying rice seeds and a special controlled-release fertilizer for direct-sowing rice, wherein the details are shown in the following steps;
(2) Variety selection: selecting two-line hybrid rice seeds with high yield, good comprehensive resistance, fertilizer tolerance and lodging resistance;
(3) Seed treatment: selecting seeds in the sun for 1-2 days before seed soaking, and removing blighted grains and black powdery grains; pouring 2mL of 10% seed soaking agent injection into a small amount of water, uniformly stirring, adding 6kg of water, fully stirring, soaking 5kg of rice seeds for 24 hours, and stirring for 2-3 times during seed soaking; accelerating rice seed germination for white-appearing seeding during accelerating germination, spreading and airing for 0.5d before seeding, and seeding on sunny days;
(4) Land preparation: after the previous crops are harvested, deeply ploughing the land blocks by using a deep ploughing machine and then raking the land blocks or rotatably levelling the land by using a rotary cultivator, after raking the rice field, keeping the thickness of a water layer at 5-7 cm, waiting for 1-3 days, discharging dry water one day before sowing, and then sowing the rice;
(5) Sowing: the seeding time is preferably in the first ten days of 6 months, and the special direct seeding rice seed and fertilizer simultaneous seeding machine is adopted for seeding and fertilizing;
as shown in the combined drawings 1-3, the seed and fertilizer co-seeder utilizes a sled-shaped windsurfing board (not shown) arranged on the seed and fertilizer co-seeder to press an indentation of a convex seeding strip with the width of 4 cm and the height of 7 cm on the surface of moist soil 1, hybrid rice seeds with white-exposed thorns freely fall from a seeding port to the top surface of the convex seeding strip during seeding, and then rubber strips (not shown) arranged at the rear part of the seed and fertilizer co-seeder cover the rice seeds 2 with thin soil, specifically, the seeding width is 0 cm, the row spacing between seed rows is 22 cm, and the seeding amount is 22.5-30.0 kg/hm 2 ；
And selecting resin urea with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content of 28-9-13 (parts by weight) and the release period of 100 days and the special controlled-release fertilizer for the direct seeding rice with the controlled-release N being more than or equal to 13 percent, wherein the nitrogen control proportion is 46 percent in the embodiment;
the seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine comprises a machine body 1, a screw fertilizer applicator arranged on the machine body 1, a plow-shaped soil breaking component 9 arranged at the front end of the screw fertilizer applicator, a fertilizer 3 applied to a position 7 cm deep under seeds, and the fertilizer application amount controlled at 50 kg/mu.
Specifically, during the sowing, the rice seeds 2 are broadcasted through a seed outlet 5 of the seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine, the controlled release fertilizer is broadcasted through a fertilizer outlet 7 of the seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine, a straight line is formed during the fertilizer sowing of the controlled release fertilizer, namely a fertilizer row, a straight line is formed during the seed sowing, namely a seed row, and the fertilizer row and the seed row are parallel;
see example 1 above for a specific procedure for seed and fertilizer broadcasting.
Compared with the common fertilizer and the conventional fertilization method, the invention can reduce the weeding difficulty, improve the biological characters of the rice, adjust the yield forming factors, increase the yield of the rice by 12.4 percent, improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer by 47.1 percent, reduce the nutrient loss, lighten the environmental pollution, realize one-time fertilization and reduce the agricultural production cost.
Example 3
A method for direct sowing of wide strips of rice and simultaneous sowing of seed and fertilizer comprises the following specific implementation steps:
(1) Selecting a planting land: selecting a mechanical easy-to-cultivate production area in the Shanghai Jinshan area, after harvesting the previous crops, sowing the crops by using a special direct-sowing rice seed fertilizer co-sowing machine, and planting the crops by adopting a mode of simultaneously applying rice seeds and a special controlled-release fertilizer for direct-sowing rice, wherein the details are shown in the subsequent step;
(2) Variety selection: selecting japonica rice seeds with good yield, strong tillering capacity, disease resistance, lodging resistance and high quality;
(3) Seed treatment: sunning the seeds for 1-2 days in the first 1 week of seed soaking, selecting strong chlorine for seed soaking and disinfection, fishing out, soaking in clear water for 1-2 days for day and night, fishing out and drying in the air to cover the seeds for germination, wherein the rice seeds are required to grow white during germination accelerating, spreading and drying for 0.5d before sowing, and sowing in sunny days;
(4) Land preparation: after the previous crops are harvested, deeply ploughing the land blocks by using a deep ploughing machine and then raking the land blocks or rotatably levelling the land by using a rotary cultivator, after raking the rice field, keeping the thickness of a water layer at 5-7 cm, waiting for 1-3 days, discharging dry water one day before sowing, and then sowing the rice;
(5) Sowing: the seeding time is preferably in the first ten days of 6 months, and the special direct seeding rice seed and fertilizer simultaneous seeding machine is adopted for seeding and fertilizing;
as shown in the combined drawings 1-3, the seed and fertilizer co-seeder utilizes a sled-shaped sailboard (not shown) arranged on the seed and fertilizer co-seeder to press an indentation of a convex seeding strip with the width of 5cm and the height of 8 cm on the surface of moist soil 1, japonica rice seeds with broken chests and white flowers freely fall from a seeding port to the top surface of the convex seeding strip during seeding, and then rubber strips (not shown) arranged at the rear part of the seed and fertilizer co-seeder cover the rice seeds 2 with thin soil, specifically, the seeding width is 5cm, the row spacing between seed rows is 24 cm, and the seeding amount is 375-600 kg/hm 2 ；
Selecting resin urea with the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium content of 26-9-13 (parts by weight) and the release period of 120 days, and a special controlled-release fertilizer for direct seeding rice with the controlled-release N being more than or equal to 17%, wherein the nitrogen control proportion is 65% in the embodiment;
the seed and fertilizer co-seeder comprises a machine body 1, a screw fertilizer applicator arranged on the machine body 1, a plow-shaped soil breaking component 9 arranged at the front end of the screw fertilizer applicator, fertilizer 3 applied to the 8 cm deep part right below the seeds, and the fertilizing amount controlled at 60 kg/mu.
Specifically, during the sowing, the rice seeds 2 are broadcasted through a seed outlet 5 of the seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine, the controlled release fertilizer is broadcasted through a fertilizer outlet 7 of the seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine, a straight line is formed during the fertilizer sowing of the controlled release fertilizer, namely a fertilizer row, a straight line is formed during the seed sowing, namely a seed row, and the fertilizer row and the seed row are parallel;
see example 1 above for a specific procedure for seed and fertilizer broadcasting.
Compared with the common fertilizer and the conventional fertilizing method, the invention can reduce the weeding difficulty, improve the biological characters of the rice, adjust the yield composition factors, increase the yield of the rice by 9.26 percent, improve the fertilizer utilization rate by 46.3 percent, reduce the nutrient loss, reduce the environmental pollution, realize one-time fertilization and reduce the agricultural production cost.
In the embodiments 1-3, the seeds and the fertilizer are applied simultaneously, so that the sowing and fertilizing procedures are simplified, the fertilizer is highly concentrated, the rice root system is easier to absorb, the waste of the fertilizer is reduced, and the utilization rate of the fertilizer is obviously improved; the fertilizer is positioned vertically under the rice seeds, so that excessive competition between weeds and the seeds for the fertilizer is avoided, the weeding difficulty of the direct-seeding rice field is reduced, the fertilizer is applied to the deep soil, the root system of the direct-seeding rice is deeply punctured, the lodging-resistant and drought-resistant capability of the direct-seeding rice can be improved, the special controlled-release fertilizer is adopted, 30-90% of nitrogen is adopted by resin urea, and the problem that the rice seedlings are burnt due to increase of the fertilizing amount is avoided; the fertilizer is applied in the deep soil, and the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is improved by 8 to 13 percent.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A vertical layered seed and fertilizer simultaneous sowing method for rice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Seed selection: selecting rice seed varieties and screening the quality of the rice seeds;
(2) Seed treatment: sunning, sterilizing, soaking and accelerating germination until rice seeds show white buds, spreading and drying in the air before sowing, and sowing in sunny days;
(3) Land preparation: after the previous crops are harvested, deeply ploughing the land blocks by using a deep ploughing machine and then raking the land blocks or rotatably levelling the land by using a rotary cultivator, after raking the rice field, keeping the thickness of a water layer at 5-7 cm, waiting for 1-3 days until the soil is settled, draining water before sowing, and then sowing;
(4) Sowing: pressing the surface of moist soil into an indentation of a convex sowing bar, applying fertilizer right below the rice seeds, scattering the rice seeds on the top surface of the convex sowing bar, and covering with thin soil; a straight line is formed when the fertilizer is sowed, namely a fertilizer row, a straight line is formed when the seeds are sowed, namely a seed row, and the fertilizer row and the seed row are arranged in parallel;
the width of the convex sowing bar is 3-5cm, and the height of the convex sowing bar is 6-8 cm;
the sowing width of the rice seeds is 3-5cm, and the row spacing between seed rows is 18-32 cm;
the fertilizer is applied to the position 6-8 cm deep under the rice seeds;
the fertilizing amount of the fertilizer ranges from 30 to 80 kilograms per mu;
the seeding quantity of the rice seeds is 0.3-40 kg/mu;
when the fertilizer is controlled only by nitrogen, 30-90% of total nitrogen adopts resin urea, the content of controlled-release nitrogen nutrient is 8-25 parts by weight, and the release period of the resin urea is 30-140 days; when part of the controlled release fertilizer controls nitrogen and potassium, 30-90% of total nitrogen adopts resin urea, the controlled release nitrogen nutrient content is 8-25 parts by weight, the release period of the resin urea is 30-140 days, 20-90% of total potassium adopts resin potassium chloride, the controlled release potassium nutrient content is 4-15 parts by weight, and the release period of the resin potassium chloride is 70-140 days; when part of the controlled release fertilizer controls nitrogen and phosphorus, 30-90% of total nitrogen adopts resin urea, the controlled release nitrogen nutrient content is 8-25 parts by weight, the release period of the resin urea is 30-140 days, 20-90% of the total phosphorus adopts resin monoammonium or diammonium, the controlled release phosphorus nutrient content is 4-15 parts by weight, and the release period of the resin phosphate fertilizer is 70-140 days; when part of the controlled-release fertilizer controls nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 30-90% of total nitrogen adopts resin urea, the content of controlled-release nitrogen nutrients is 8-25 parts by weight, the release period of the resin urea is 30-140 days, 20-90% of total phosphorus adopts resin monoammonium or diammonium, the content of controlled-release phosphorus nutrients is 4-15 parts by weight, the release period of resin phosphate fertilizer is 70-140 days, 20-90% of total potassium adopts resin potassium chloride, the content of controlled-release potassium nutrients is 4-15 parts by weight, and the release period of the resin potassium chloride is 70-140 days;
the rice vertical layering seed and fertilizer co-sowing method adopts a special seed and fertilizer co-sowing machine, which comprises a machine body, wherein a seed discharging pipe and a fertilizer discharging pipe are arranged at the bottom of the machine body, a seed outlet is arranged at the bottom end of the seed discharging pipe, a fertilizer outlet is arranged at the bottom end of the fertilizer discharging pipe, a sailboard for manufacturing a 'convex' type sowing bar, a rubber strip for covering the rice seeds with thin soil and a screw fertilizer applicator are further arranged on the machine body, a plough-shaped soil breaking part is arranged at the front end of the screw fertilizer applicator, and a leveling part is arranged at the rear end of the screw fertilizer applicator.
2. The method for vertically layering seed and fertilizer simultaneously sowing of rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice seed variety is any one of direct-seeding early rice, late rice, two-line hybrid rice, three-line hybrid rice, japonica rice or glutinous rice.
3. The method for simultaneously sowing vertically layered seed and fertilizer for paddy rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein when the controlled release fertilizer is applied to early and late rice, the amount of fertilizer applied is 30-50 kg/mu; when the controlled release fertilizer is used for hybrid rice, the fertilizing amount is 30-60 kg/mu; when the controlled release fertilizer is used for japonica rice, the fertilizing amount is 40-80 kg/mu; when the controlled release fertilizer is used for glutinous rice, the fertilizing amount is 40-80 kg/mu.
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CN105794480A (en) * 2016-04-14 2016-07-27 山东茂施生态肥料有限公司 Wide-width wheat sowing method for applying seeds and fertilizer simultaneously in vertically layered mode
CN107409880A (en) * 2017-08-18 2017-12-01 付吉新 Hillside without the direct sowing on dry paddy field of lattice field spray cultural method
CN107439213A (en) * 2017-09-14 2017-12-08 中国农业科学院油料作物研究所 A kind of rape wide-and narrow-row seed manure staggered floor is the same as the method broadcast
CN107821059A (en) * 2017-12-12 2018-03-23 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 A kind of mechanical cave direct seading rice light cultivation method
CN108117451A (en) * 2018-02-08 2018-06-05 青阳县茂施农业科技有限公司 A kind of controlled release bulk blended fertilizer resistant to lodging for Direct-seeding Rice, preparation method and application
CN108307740A (en) * 2018-03-12 2018-07-24 青阳县茂施农业科技有限公司 A kind of live streaming of rice wide cut item and the same broadcasting method of seed manure
CN110199802A (en) * 2019-06-21 2019-09-06 宁夏农林科学院农作物研究所（宁夏回族自治区农作物育种中心） A kind of direct sowing on dry paddy field cultural method

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