CN111386891A - Bud picking-free method for rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedlings - Google Patents
Bud picking-free method for rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedlings Download PDFInfo
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- CN111386891A CN111386891A CN202010310095.2A CN202010310095A CN111386891A CN 111386891 A CN111386891 A CN 111386891A CN 202010310095 A CN202010310095 A CN 202010310095A CN 111386891 A CN111386891 A CN 111386891A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
- A01G7/045—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth with electric lighting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bud picking-free method for rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedlings, which belongs to the technical field of bud grafting seedlings and comprises the following steps of (1) planting the rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedlings subjected to bud grafting in a plastic greenhouse, and carrying out topping when the No. 2 or No. 3 bud leaves of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedlings are stable, (2) carrying out night illumination by using a lamp above a seedling bud grafting pile after topping, wherein the light intensity is 18000 and 22000L UX, (3) stopping night light supplement when the first bud leaves of the scions of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedlings are stable, and cultivating a garden in a natural environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bud grafting seedlings, and particularly relates to a bud picking-free method for rubber tree seed seedling bud grafting stock seedlings.
Background
The rubber tree bud grafting seedling is the most main planting material for commercial cultivation of rubber trees, and the proportion is more than 99%. The rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedling is the main bud grafting seedling type and accounts for a great proportion in gum planting areas in Yunnan and Guangdong. The rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedling raising technology mainly comprises the following steps: and (3) pulling out the rubber seeds after about 25 days of germination from the sand bed, transplanting the rubber seeds on a seedling raising bag after indoor bud grafting, reserving a first pair of blades when 2-3 fluffy leaves of the seed stock seedlings are stable, picking the tops of the first pair of blades, simultaneously wiping off two side buds of the blades, eliminating the top advantages, and enabling scion buds to germinate and grow. The rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedling raising technology has the advantages of being light, short in seedling raising time, high in seedling raising density and the like.
However, in the bud grafting and seedling raising process of the rubber tree seedlings, workers need to spend a lot of time to remove two lateral buds of the first pair of leaves, and the operation is required to be performed every 2-3 days, so that the operation is complicated, and the time and the labor are wasted.
An authorization notice number CN103749177B discloses a bud picking method for rubber tree bud grafting seedlings. The bud picking method of the rubber tree bud grafted seedlings provided by the invention comprises the following steps: after the 2 nd canopy leaf of the stock seedling which is budded and survived is stabilized, saw teeth are adopted at the 1 st pair of leaf axillary buds of the stock seedling to contort bud eyes, the stock stem is cut off, and bud picking is completed. According to the bud picking method for the rubber tree bud grafted seedlings, provided by the invention, the saw teeth are used for contusing the bud holes, so that the leaf stalks of the stock are not damaged, the leaves are not fallen off, the stem stems of the stock can be sawed synchronously, the apical dominance is effectively removed, scion sprouting and growth are promoted, the seedling rate is improved, the operation is simple, convenient and easy to learn, the bud picking can be completed at one time, and the bud picking efficiency is high.
The defects of the patent include slow speed, long time consumption, high requirements on eyesight and technology because the treatment of one strain usually needs 1 minute, and complicated bud picking work because bud picking is not in place and needs the second bud picking.
In order to avoid the bud picking process, a method of cutting off the first pair of leaves during topping has been proposed. However, after the first pair of leaves is removed, because the rootstocks of the seedlings are very small, the germination and later growth of the scions cannot obtain enough energy supply, the extracted scions are too weak and small, and the scions die basically before the first canopy of leaves is stable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the method for bud picking-free of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedling is provided, and the defects that bud picking work is complicated, time is wasted and labor is wasted in the rubber tree seedling bud grafting seedling raising process are overcome.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a bud picking-free method for rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) planting the rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedling after bud grafting in a plastic greenhouse, and topping the seedling bud grafting stock seedling when the 2 nd or 3 rd canopy leaves are stable;
(2) after topping, illuminating above the seedling bud grafting pile by using a lamp at night, wherein the light intensity is 18000 and 22000L UX;
(3) and stopping light supplement at night when the first canopy leaves of the scions of the seedling bud-grafted seedlings are stable, and cultivating out the nursery in a natural environment.
In the technical scheme of the application: the seedling bud grafting stock seedling carries out topping when the 2 nd or 3 rd fluffy leaves are stable, topping is carried out below the first pair of leaves, all stock bud points above the scion buds are removed, bud picking is not needed, the bud picking link is directly eliminated, the workload is greatly reduced, light supplement is carried out at night after topping, the seedling bud grafting seedling can carry out photosynthesis for 24 hours, photosynthetic products provide energy for the growth of the first fluffy leaves of the scion, therefore, the seedling is strong, scion withering and death rate are low, the seedling rate is high, and the defects that the bud picking work is tedious, time and labor are wasted in the seedling raising process of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting are overcome.
Preferably, the rubber tree seeds are sown in the step (1), and seedling budding is carried out when the seedlings grow for more than 20 days and the first pair of leaves are not unfolded.
More preferably, the scion is a clonal bud slice of HOT GRINDING 7-33-97 or HOT GRINDING 7-20-59.
Preferably, the topping in the step (1) is to cut the stock at a position 0.2-1.0cm below the first pair of leaves of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedling and remove the top part.
More preferably, the topping in the step (1) is to cut the stock at a position 0.5cm below the first pair of leaves of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedling and remove the top part.
Preferably, the illumination of the lamp is started in the 2 nd day after the seedling bud grafting stock seedling in the step (2) is topped.
Preferably, the lamp in the step (2) is an L ED lamp.
Preferably, the distance between the lamp and the seedling bud grafting pile in the step (2) is 40-60cm, and the light quality of the lamp is red blue light.
More preferably, the distance between the lamp and the seedling inoculation pile in the step (2) is 50 cm.
Preferably, the time of night illumination in step (2) is as follows: PM7:00-AM6:00 in months of 4-10, and PM6:00-AM7:00 in months of 11-3.
Preferably, the light intensity in step (2) is 20000L UX.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, bud picking is not needed, the bud picking link is directly eliminated, the workload is greatly reduced, light is supplemented at night after topping, the seedling bud grafting seedlings can carry out photosynthesis in 24 hours, and the photosynthetic products provide energy for the growth of the first canopy leaves of the scions, thereby realizing the strong seedlings;
2. the scion returns to wither and the mortality rate is low, and the seedling rate is as high as 92.6 percent;
3. compared with the traditional method of retaining the first pair of leaves and then bud picking, the seedling bud-grafted seedling obtained by the invention has the advantages that the seedling survival rate is similar, but the labor amount is obviously reduced, so the labor cost is obviously reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the growth of L ED light-treated seedlings;
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the growth of a seedling-inoculated seedling without light treatment;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the growth of the sprouts cultured with L ED light during the night.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A bud picking-free method for rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedlings comprises the following steps:
(1) sowing rubber tree seeds, performing seed seedling budding when the seeds grow for more than 20 days and the first pair of leaves are not unfolded, planting rubber tree seed seedling budding stock seedlings subjected to budding in a plastic greenhouse, and performing topping when the 2 nd or 3 rd sprout leaves of the rubber tree seed seedling budding stock seedlings are stable, wherein the topping is to shear stocks at a position 1.0cm below the first pair of leaves of the seed seedling budding stock seedlings and remove the top part; the scion is a clone bud sheet of hot ground 7-33-97 or hot ground 7-20-59;
(2) after topping, starting to perform night illumination by using a lamp on the 2 nd day, performing night illumination by using a lamp above the seedling bud grafting pile, wherein the distance between the lamp and the seedling bud grafting pile is 40cm, the light quality of the lamp is red and blue light, the light intensity is 18000L UX, the lamp is a L ED lamp, and the night illumination time is 4-10 months PM7:00-AM6:00, and 11-3 months PM6:00-AM7: 00;
(3) and stopping light supplement at night when the first canopy leaves of the scions of the seedling bud-grafted seedlings are stable, and cultivating out the nursery in a natural environment.
Example 2
On the basis of the example 1, the topping in the step (1) is to cut the stock at a position 0.5cm below the first pair of leaves of the rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedling and remove the top part, in the step (2), the distance between the lamp and the seedling bud grafting pile is 50cm, the light intensity is 20000L UX, and the rest steps are the same as the example 1.
Example 3
On the basis of the example 1, the topping in the step (1) is to cut the stock at a position 0.2cm below the first pair of leaves of the stock seedling for seedling bud grafting, and remove the top part, in the step (2), the distance between the lamp and the seedling bud grafting pile is 60cm, the light intensity is 22000L UX, and the rest steps are the same as the example 1.
In the above embodiment, during the whole seedling raising period, in order to prevent powdery mildew, sulphur powder aqueous solvent is needed to be sprayed on the nursery stock when necessary.
Test example 1
In 3 months in spring, the stored rubber tree seeds are sowed in a sand bed, when the seeds sprout and grow for more than 20 days and the first pair of leaves are not unfolded, the seeds are subjected to seedling budding, 7-33-97 clone bud sheets are subjected to bud hot grinding, then the seeds are planted in seedling bags filled with seedling culture matrixes, one row and two rows are placed in a seedling culture pergola, watering is carried out every 2 days, water soluble fertilizer is sprayed for 15 days, when the seedling budding stock seedlings grow to the 2 nd leaf canopy stabilization period, the tops of the first pair of leaves of the stock seedlings are topped, and part of branches and leaves on the tops of the plants are removed.
The experiment was divided into two groups, an experimental group and a control group, and 200 seedlings were randomly selected, respectively.
For the experimental group, on the day after topping or the next day, L ED lamps are hung above the seedling bud grafting piles, the distance between a lampshade and the bud grafting piles is 45cm, the light quality of L ED lamps is red and blue light, the light intensity is 19000L UX, the light supplement of L ED lamps at night is started from the day 2, and the night illumination time is set to be from 7 pm to 6 pm.
In the whole seedling raising period, in order to prevent powdery mildew, a sulfur powder hydrosolvent needs to be sprayed on the nursery stock when necessary, and light supplement at night is stopped when the first canopy of the scion is in a stable climate period.
For the control group, nursery stock cultivation was performed in the same manner as in the case of the control group except that the night illumination with L ED lamp was not performed.
And when the second erigeron folius of all the seedlings grows, counting the seedling rate of the experimental group and the control group. The results show that the seedling rate of the experimental group is 87.2%, while the seedling rate of the control group without light supplement at night is 35.7%, which is obviously lower than that of the experimental group.
Therefore, compared with the traditional topping method for the seedling bud grafting with the first pair of leaves reserved, the method can avoid the bud picking process of the seedling bud grafting stock seedling and reduce the seedling growing workload.
Test example 2
In autumn 10 months, rubber tree seeds are sown on a sand bed, when the seedlings grow for more than 20 days, seedling budding is carried out when a first pair of leaves are not unfolded, scion is hot ground for 7-20-59, the budded seedlings are planted on seedling bags in a plastic film greenhouse, fertilizer and water management measures are adopted, watering is carried out once every 2 days, water soluble fertilizer is sprayed once every 15 days, when the seedling budded stock seedlings grow to a 3 rd leaf canopy stabilization period, topping is carried out below the first pair of leaves, and then 200 seedlings are selected randomly respectively to carry out the following two groups of experimental treatments.
For the experimental group, on the 2 nd day after topping, night illumination is carried out by an L ED lamp above the seedling bud grafting pile, the distance between the lamp and the seedling is 50cm, the light quality of a L ED lamp is red and blue light, the light intensity is 20000L UX, the illumination time is from 6 o 'clock at night to 7 o' clock at the next morning.
For the control group, the nursery stock was not illuminated by light at night. Spraying sulfur aqua to the nursery stock treated in the experimental group and the nursery stock treated in the control group to prevent powdery mildew if necessary.
And when the second erigeron folius of all the seedlings grows, counting the seedling rate of the experimental group and the control group, wherein the result shows that the seedling rate of the experimental group is 92.3 percent, and the seedling rate of the control group is 37.6 percent.
Test example 3
Sowing rubber tree seeds on a sand bed in late 9 months, after the seeds germinate and grow for more than 20 days, carrying out seedling budding when a first pair of leaves of the seedlings are not unfolded, carrying out hot grinding on scions of 7-33-97, planting the budded seedlings in a seedling container of a root controller, then placing the seedlings in a plastic film greenhouse for cultivation, watering once every 2 days, spraying water soluble fertilizer once every 15 days, and respectively and randomly selecting 200 seedlings to carry out the following two groups of experimental treatments when the stock seedlings bud grafted on the seedlings grow to the 3 rd leaf fluffy stable period.
In the experimental group, topping is carried out at a position 0.5cm below the first pair of leaves, then illumination is carried out on the nursery stock by L ED lamp at night, the light quality is red and blue light, the light intensity is 21000L UX, the illumination time at night is from 6 o 'clock late to 7 o' clock next morning, and the whole illumination treatment experiment time at night is from the next day of topping to the first leafy tent of the bud-grafted seedling entering the stable period.
In the control group, the first pair of leaves was kept by topping 1cm above the first pair of leaves. When the axillary buds of the two leaves germinate and grow to be about more than 5cm, the tender buds are cut off from the base parts by a knife and other sharp edges manually. Every 2-3 days, checking the new bud of the plant, and wiping off the new bud until the two axillary buds of all the plants grow and are wiped off.
During the whole seedling raising period, in order to prevent powdery mildew, the nursery stock needs to be sprayed with a sulfur powder aqueous solvent if necessary.
The seedling rate and the labor amount of the two treated seedlings are counted, and the result is shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 seedling percentage and labor amount of experimental group and control group in Experimental example 3
| Group of | Rate of seedling formation | Amount of labor (hours) |
| Experimental group | 92.5％ | 3 |
| Control group | 93.4％ | 19 |
As can be seen from the above Table 1, the seedling bud grafting seedling obtained by the method of the present invention is similar to the traditional method of retaining the first pair of leaves and then bud picking, in terms of seedling rate, but the labor amount is significantly reduced, so that the labor cost is significantly reduced.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A bud picking-free method for rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) planting the seedling bud grafting stock seedling after bud grafting in a plastic greenhouse, and topping the seedling bud grafting stock seedling when the 2 nd or 3 rd bud leaf is stable;
(2) after topping, illuminating above the seedling bud grafting pile by using a lamp at night, wherein the light intensity is 18000 and 22000L UX;
(3) and stopping light supplement at night when the first canopy leaves of the scions of the seedling bud-grafted seedlings are stable, and cultivating out the nursery in a natural environment.
2. The method for bud picking-free of rubber tree seedling bud stock seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the step (1) of topping is to shear the stock 0.2-1.0cm below the first pair of leaves of the seedling bud stock seedlings and remove the top part.
3. The method for bud picking-free of rubber tree seedling bud stock seedlings according to claim 2, wherein the top cutting in the step (1) is to cut the stock 0.5cm below the first pair of leaves of the seedling bud stock seedlings and remove the top part.
4. The method for bud picking-free of rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the illumination with a lamp is started at 2 days after the seedling bud grafting stock seedlings are topped.
5. The method for bud picking-free of rubber tree seedling bud grafting rootstock seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the lamp in the step (2) is L ED lamp.
6. The bud picking-free method for rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedlings according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the distance between the lamp and the seedling bud grafting pile is 40-60cm, and the light quality of the lamp is red and blue light.
7. The method for bud picking-free of rubber tree seedling bud grafting stock seedlings according to claim 6, wherein the distance from the lamp to the seedling bud grafting pile in the step (2) is 50 cm.
8. The method for bud picking-free of stock seedlings of rubber tree seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the illumination time at night in the step (2) is as follows: PM7:00-AM6:00 in months of 4-10, and PM6:00-AM7:00 in months of 11-3.
9. The method for bud picking-free of rubber tree seedling bud grafting rootstock seedlings according to claim 1, wherein the light intensity in the step (2) is 20000L UX.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN116806620A (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-09-29 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Method for rapidly cultivating big seedlings of rubber tree |
| CN118318622A (en) * | 2024-05-17 | 2024-07-12 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Method for cultivating rubber tree stock seedlings by adopting seed axillary buds |
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