CN111373995B - Planting method and application of suaeda salsa on coastal beach saline land - Google Patents
Planting method and application of suaeda salsa on coastal beach saline land Download PDFInfo
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- CN111373995B CN111373995B CN202010344212.7A CN202010344212A CN111373995B CN 111373995 B CN111373995 B CN 111373995B CN 202010344212 A CN202010344212 A CN 202010344212A CN 111373995 B CN111373995 B CN 111373995B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and discloses a planting method and application of suaeda salsa on coastal beach, which comprises the following steps of firstly, selecting areas suitable for planting in a tidal zone and a high-tide zone in an intertidal zone in a planting area, and constructing a wave-resisting zone; step two, seeding, namely selecting temperature, seeding quantity and seeding time; and step three, managing after sowing, and covering the net, draining water and preventing flooding. The first step specifically comprises the following steps: selecting areas suitable for planting in tidal areas and climax areas in intertidal zones; building a wave-resisting belt in the direction of the tide water, building a dam in the offshore direction of the planting area, or planting reeds, high-stalk straws and moso bamboo poles in the direction of the tide water in the planting area. The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the suaeda salsa is planted in the suitable environment of the tidal flat, the growth area of the suaeda salsa is increased, the habitat of the suaeda salsa is restored, and the support is provided for the stability of the biological diversity of the tidal flat.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and particularly relates to a planting method and application of suaeda salsa on coastal beach.
Background
At present, the suaeda salsa is a suitable plant for coastal beaches, is also a pioneer plant for beach saline-alkali land, and has important ecological effect on beach improvement and biological diversity. The coastal mudflat is divided into intertidal zone, sub-tidal zone and sub-tidal zone according to the rule of tidal activities. The intertidal zone is divided into the following three areas according to the flooding degree and the duration length: (1) the high tide zone (upper zone) is positioned at the uppermost part of the intertidal zone, the upper boundary is a high tide line, and the lower boundary is a low tide line. (2) The middle tide zone (middle zone) occupies most of the intertidal zone, the upper boundary is the small tide high tide line, the lower boundary is the small tide low tide line, and the typical intertidal zone area is formed. (3) In the low tide zone (lower zone), the upper boundary is the low tide line of the small tide, and the lower boundary is the low tide line of the large tide. The two major tides in each month are days around the first one and fifteen of the lunar calendar, and the two minor tides are days around the first seven, the first eight, the second twenty and the third twenty of the lunar calendar. The intertidal zone tidal flat and heavy tide of the river mouth of Jiangsu coastal areas lasts for 6 to 8 days in the first three and eighteenth monthly lunar calendar, the immersion time of most areas of the tidal flat lasts for 2 times every day, the water depth is 0.5 to 1 meter, and the middle tide zone and the high tide zone of the intertidal zone often form a saline land which is suitable for the halophytes such as suaeda salsa, rice grass, reed and the like.
At present, due to reclamation of tidal flats and invasion of foreign species, the growing environment of suaeda salsa on the tidal flat is severely impacted, and data show that the growing area of the suaeda salsa in the natural protection area of rare birds in certain province of China is reduced by one third for more than 30 years, and the suaeda salsa habitat is an excellent habitat and a feeding place of the rare birds such as red-crowned cranes and the like. The suaeda salsa is reduced in a large area, and the survival of some rare birds is inevitably affected.
Through the above analysis, the problems and defects of the prior art are as follows: (1) the prior art for planting suaeda salsa is implemented under the current situation that water management can be effectively adjusted, generally, the suaeda salsa is planted in dry land, mainly edible planting of the suaeda salsa is used, and the suaeda salsa is usually planted by adopting greenhouse facilities. (2) In the practice of biodiversity restoration of coastal beach wetlands, some units or regions develop plant community habitat restoration mainly comprising suaeda salsa, but the areas for restoration are mainly in the upper zone of a beach tide, occasionally are in high-tide zones in intertidal zones, and the suaeda salsa in the tide zones in the intertidal zones is planted naturally, so that basically no stable community is successfully formed. The main reasons are that the seeds of the suaeda salsa are small and light, the seedlings are not firmly rooted, and the suaeda salsa is easy to run off from a planting area after being washed by seawater with high strength. (3) In the high tide area in the intertidal zone, the water is usually flooded for a long time, and if the beach surface in the sowing and seedling emergence period does not have enough duration to expose water, the suaeda salsa is difficult to emerge and survive.
The difficulty in solving the above problems and defects is: (1) what is the way, the planting area can effectively avoid long-time flooding, and the sufficient exposed water period of the suaeda salsa seedling emergence period can be ensured. (2) How to improve the full time of the suaeda salsa for rooting and growing, and prevent the seeds from losing and the seedlings from exposing roots and buds from dying due to seawater scouring.
The significance of solving the problems and the defects is as follows: by selecting a proper sowing period and under the assistance of proper materials, the suaeda salsa can be successfully planted in a high-tide region in an intertidal zone, the growth range of the suaeda salsa is expanded, a path is provided for repairing suaeda salsa communities on coastal beaches, and a path is also provided for biological repair of wetlands.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a planting method and application of suaeda salsa. Also relates to a planting method of suaeda salsa in the upper tide region in the intertidal zone of the coastal beach.
The invention is realized in such a way that a planting method of suaeda salsa on coastal mudflat comprises the following steps:
step one, planting an area, selecting areas suitable for planting in a middle tide area and an upper tide area of an intertidal zone, and constructing a wave-blocking zone;
step two, seeding, namely selecting temperature, seeding quantity and seeding time;
and step three, managing after sowing, and covering the net, draining water and preventing flooding.
Further, the first step specifically includes:
(1) selecting areas suitable for planting in the middle tide area and the high tide area of the intertidal zone;
(2) building a wave-resisting belt in the direction of the tide water, building a dam in the offshore direction of the planting area, or planting reeds, high-stalk straws and moso bamboo poles in the direction of the tide water in the planting area.
Further, in the second temperature selection step, the seeds are sowed when the local air temperature is higher than 15 ℃.
In the step two, 2-3kg of glume-carrying seeds are used per mu in the determination of the seeding rate.
In the second step of seeding time selection, when the tide surface is exposed continuously for more than 3 days after the climax is over on sunny days, uniformly sowing seeds; and in the upper tide zone, sowing is started at the end of the big tide, and before sowing is carried out in the middle tide zone, the suaeda salsa seeds are soaked for 1d by using dilute acid or soaked for 24h by using seawater.
In the step of managing after the third broadcast, the method for covering the network comprises the following steps: after sowing, covering the seeds with a net before the first time of moisture entering, wherein the cover is a vegetable insect-proof net, a water-permeable non-woven fabric or a wire net below 40 meshes; the periphery of the covering is pressed by soil blocks.
In the step of managing after the third broadcast, the method for diversion and flood prevention comprises the following steps: in the process of germination and later growth, after the tide is removed each time, ditching and draining the field flooding area in time to expose the seeds or the middle upper parts of the seedlings out of the water surface.
The invention also aims to provide a method for planting suaeda salsa in a high-tide region in a coastal beach intertidal zone, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, planting areas, selecting areas suitable for planting in a middle tide area and a high tide area of an intertidal zone, and constructing a wave-resisting zone;
and 3, managing after sowing, and covering the net, draining water and preventing flooding.
The step 1 specifically comprises:
(1) selecting areas suitable for planting in the middle tide area and the upper tide area of the intertidal zone;
(2) building a wave-resisting belt in the direction of the tide water, building a dam in the offshore direction of the planting area, or planting reeds, high-stem straws and mao bamboo poles in the direction of the tide water in the planting area;
in the step 2, in the temperature selection, sowing is carried out at the local temperature higher than 15 ℃;
in the step two, 2-3kg of glume-carrying seeds are used per mu in the determination of the seeding amount;
in the second step of seeding time selection, when the tide surface is exposed continuously for more than 3 days after the climax is over on sunny days, uniformly sowing seeds; and (3) sowing in the high-tide area after the high tide is finished, sowing in the medium-tide area when the water can be exposed continuously for more than 3 days on the subsequent tide surface, and soaking the suaeda salsa seeds in dilute acid for 1 day or in seawater for 24 hours before sowing.
In the step 3 of managing after broadcasting, the method for covering the network comprises the following steps: after sowing, covering the seeds with a net before the first time of moisture entering, wherein the cover is a vegetable insect-proof net, a water-permeable non-woven fabric or a wire net below 40 meshes; the periphery of the covering is pressed by soil blocks;
the water diversion and flood prevention method comprises the following steps: in the process of germination and later growth, after the tide is removed each time, ditching and draining the field flooding area in time to expose the seeds or the middle upper parts of the seedlings out of the water surface.
By combining all the technical schemes, the invention has the advantages and positive effects that:
(1) the planting range of suaeda salsa on the intertidal zone is expanded. (2) The method provides a path for restoring the Suaeda salsa habitat, and enlarges the habitat for the rare birds in the Suaeda salsa. (3) Has positive effects on maintaining and stabilizing the biological diversity of the mudflat.
The method provided by the invention has the advantages that the suaeda salsa is planted in the suitable environment of the tidal flat, the growth area of the suaeda salsa is increased, the habitat of the suaeda salsa is restored, and the support is provided for the stability of the biological diversity of the tidal flat.
The effects and advantages obtained by combining experimental or experimental data with the prior art are: the research on the influence of different water layer depths on the emergence and growth conditions of the suaeda salsa supports the scientificity and feasibility of the planting method.
A large number of experimental results show that under the flooding experimental condition, after all salt concentration treatments, particularly under the low salt concentration treatment condition, the suaeda salsa growing in the saline-alkali soil can generate a large number of adventitious roots, however, no matter which salt concentration treatment the suaeda salsa growing in the intertidal zone is subjected to, the adventitious roots can not generate adventitious roots, but the adventitious roots are the key of the suaeda salsa for utilizing soil nutrients, and the sufficient absorption of the soil nutrients is favorable for the suaeda salsa to adapt to the flooding environment for a long time. In addition, the higher the water depth is, the lower the salt content of the soil is, different water-salt interactions are easy to form under natural environmental conditions, and the ecological characteristics and community structure of the suaeda salsa are changed accordingly.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a planting method of suaeda salsa provided by the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the tendency of rate of emergence of Suaeda glauca seeds under different water layer treatments provided by the examples of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the mortality trend of Suaeda salsa plants at different flooding depths provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the growth height of Suaeda glauca plants at different flooding depths provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an exemplary planting area effect provided by an embodiment of the present invention. In the figure: FIG. 5(a) demonstrates the tidal live of an exemplary growing area; FIG. 5(b) is a schematic view of laying a first insect net after the ebb area of the exemplary planting area; FIG. 5(c) is a second chart of laying insect-proof nets after the demoistening of the exemplary planting area.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the prior art, the effect of planting the suaeda salsa in the suitable environment of the tidal flat is poor, and the habitat of the suaeda salsa in the tidal flat cannot be repaired with efficiency.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a planting method and application of suaeda salsa, and the invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for planting suaeda salsa provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s101, planting an area, selecting an area suitable for planting in a middle tide area and an upper tide area of an intertidal zone, and constructing a wave-blocking zone.
And S102, sowing, wherein the selection of temperature, sowing quantity and sowing time is carried out.
And S103, managing after sowing, and covering the net, draining water and preventing flooding.
In step S101, the planting area specifically includes:
(1) areas suitable for planting are selected from the middle tide area and the upper tide area of the intertidal zone, the area requirements are mainly convenient for farm operation and safety, such as properly flattening, building a wave-blocking zone in the offshore direction (the tide water entering direction) and preventing serious impact on the planting area.
(2) The construction of the wave-resisting zone can construct a dam with the height of about 50cm in the offshore direction of the planting area and the width of about 10m, or plant reeds, high-stalk straws, bamboo poles and the like in the tidal water inlet direction of the planting area, and the main purpose is to buffer the scouring force of the tidal water. The reed belt growing naturally is preferred.
In step S102, the sowing specifically includes:
(1) the temperature is selected, and the seeds can be sowed when the local temperature is stabilized to be more than 15 ℃.
(2) The seeding rate is 2-3kg of glume seeds per mu, preferably 2.5 kg.
(3) Sowing time, and uniformly sowing seeds when the tide surface can be exposed for more than 3 days continuously on sunny days and after the tide is over. The upper tide zone can start seeding after the big tide is finished, and the suitable seeding time of the middle tide zone is shorter. Before sowing, the suaeda salsa seeds can be soaked for 1 day by dilute acid or soaked for 24 hours by seawater, so that the quick and neat germination is facilitated.
In step S103, the post-broadcast management specifically includes:
(1) the cover net is easy to move along with the tide water because the suaeda salsa seeds are light, so the cover net is required to be covered by the net before the first tide water enters after the seeds are sowed, the cover can be selected from a commercially available insect-proof net, a water-permeable non-woven fabric or a 40-mesh or less-than-40-mesh wire net, and the cover is preferably a commercially available insect-proof net of biological origin, can be naturally degraded in the environment and has no after-damage effect on the environment. The perimeter of the cover must be compacted with clods to prevent it from being flushed over by the tide.
(3) The method comprises the steps of diversion and anti-flooding, avoiding long-time flooding in the planting process of the suaeda salsa, during the germination and later growth processes, after each time of tide subsides, performing field patrol, ditching and draining a flooded area in time, exposing seeds or the middle and upper parts of seedlings out of the water surface, and maintaining the normal growth of the suaeda salsa.
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Examples
The invention provides a method for planting suaeda salsa in an upper tide region in a coastal beach intertidal zone, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, planting an area, selecting areas suitable for planting in a middle tide area and an upper tide area of an intertidal zone, and constructing a wave-blocking zone;
and 3, managing after sowing, and covering the net, draining water and preventing flooding.
The step 1 specifically comprises:
(1) selecting areas suitable for planting in the middle tide area and the upper tide area of the intertidal zone;
(2) building a wave-resisting belt in the direction of the tide water, building a dam in the offshore direction of the planting area, or planting reeds, high-stem straws and mao bamboo poles in the direction of the tide water in the planting area;
in the step 2, in the temperature selection, sowing is carried out at the local temperature higher than 15 ℃;
in the step two, 2-3kg of glume-carrying seeds are used per mu in the determination of the seeding amount;
in the second step of seeding time selection, when the tide surface is exposed continuously for more than 3 days after the climax is over on sunny days, uniformly sowing seeds; and in the upper tide zone, sowing is started at the end of the big tide, and before sowing is carried out in the middle tide zone, the suaeda salsa seeds are soaked for 1d by using dilute acid or soaked for 24h by using seawater.
In the step 3 of managing after broadcasting, the method for covering the network comprises the following steps: after sowing, covering the seeds with a net before the first time of moisture entering, wherein the cover is an insect-proof net, a water-permeable non-woven fabric or a wire net below 40 meshes; the periphery of the covering is pressed by soil blocks;
the water diversion and flood prevention method comprises the following steps: in the process of germination and later growth, after the tide is removed each time, ditching and leading water to the field flooding area in time to expose the seeds or the middle upper parts of the seedlings out of the water surface.
The invention is further described below with reference to specific test data.
A. Effect of different aqueous layer treatments on Suaeda salsa emergence
Processing method
Respectively placing solutions with salt concentration of 0%, 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5% in each water tank, immersing cultivation soil with water with the above concentration, and mixing screened fine soil and nutrient soil in a ratio of 1: 1 proportion, placing the mixture into a germination pot, compacting the mixture, wherein each 3 small pots form a group, placing 50 suaeda glauca seeds in each small pot, covering the small pots with fine soil of about 0.5cm, and fixing the seeds by using gauze. Placing 8 groups of germination bowls (3 in each group) in each water tank, and setting as treatments 1-8 (respectively, treatment 1: surface is always soaked without accumulated water, treatment 2: surface is always kept at about 5cm with water layer, treatment 3: surface is always kept at about 1cm with water layer, treatment 4: surface is kept at 5cm12h with water layer, soaking without accumulated water is 12h, treatment period is 24h for periodic management, treatment 5: surface is kept at 5cm6h with water layer, soaking without accumulated water is 6h for periodic management, treatment 6: surface is kept at 1cm6h with water layer, soaking without accumulated water is 6h for periodic management, treatment 7: surface is kept at 5cm6h with water layer, soaking without accumulated water is 18h for periodic management, treatment 8: surface is kept at 5cm18h with water layer, soaking without accumulated water is 6h for periodic management). By directly controlling the position of the small pot and setting the implementation treatment method, the height of the solution in each water tank needs to be marked in time so as to be added in time, and the concentration in the tank can meet the treatment requirement. After the seedling emergence number is stable, 10 seedlings with basically consistent seedling potential are reserved, the rest seedlings are removed, test treatment is continuously carried out according to requirements, the seedling emergence rate and the seedling color during seedling emergence of the suaeda glauca seeds are observed every day, and the plant height is measured every 2 days after seedling emergence.
Analysis of results
1. Analysis of suaeda salsa emergence rate result under different salt concentrations in same water layer
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the results of the treatments show that after the surface is always soaked without water (treatment 1), the emergence rate of the suaeda salsa seeds under different salinity stresses slightly increases with the decrease of the salt concentration, and the emergence rate of the suaeda salsa seeds is the lowest when the salt concentration is 1.50%.
After the surface is always kept at about 5cm of a water layer (treatment 2), the emergence rates of the suaeda glauca seeds under different salinity stresses are zero.
After the treatment (treatment 3) in which the surface was kept at about 1cm of the water layer, the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds was the highest at a salt concentration of 0% and the lowest at a salt concentration of 0.50%, and then slightly increased.
Keeping a water layer of 5cm12h on the surface layer, soaking for 12h without water accumulation, and periodically treating (treatment 4), wherein the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds is highest when the salt concentration is 1.50%, the rate of emergence of a small amount is 2%, and the rate of emergence of the rest concentrations is zero.
Keeping a water layer of 5cm6h on the surface, soaking for 6h without water accumulation and periodically treating (treatment 5), wherein the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds is highest when the salt concentration is 0.50%, and the rate of emergence of a small amount is 2%, and then is reduced along with the increase of the salt concentration.
The water layer is kept at 1cm6h on the surface, and the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds is maximum when the salt concentration is 0.50% under the condition of soaking for 6 hours without water accumulation and periodic treatment (treatment 6), and then the rate of emergence is reduced along with the increase of the salt concentration.
Keeping a water layer of 5cm6h on the surface, soaking for 18h without water (treatment 7), and periodically treating to obtain small amount of 0.67% of seedlings, wherein the rate of emergence of Suaeda glauca seeds is maximum when the salt concentration is 1.50%.
The water layer is kept at 5cm18h on the surface, and the soaking is carried out for 6h without water (treatment 8), the emergence rate of a small amount is 0.67 percent, and the emergence rate of the suaeda glauca seeds reaches the maximum when the salt concentration is 0.50 percent.
2. Analysis of suaeda salsa emergence rate results under the treatment of same salt concentration and different water layers
TABLE 1 average rate of emergence (%)% of Suaeda salsa seeds under different water layer treatments
(Note: indicates that there is a significant difference between the two sets of data at α ═ 0.05;. indicates that there is a very significant difference between the two sets of data at α ═ 0.05).
When the salt concentration is 0%, the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds is 10% when the surface is always soaked without water accumulation, the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds is kept about 1cm when the surface is always kept with a water layer, the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds is kept 1cm6h when the surface is always kept with a water layer, the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds is also higher when the suaeda salsa seeds are soaked without water accumulation for 6h and are periodically treated, the suaeda salsa seeds germinate more obviously, and the suaeda salsa seeds do not germinate under other treatment conditions.
When the salt concentration is 0.50%, the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds is 6.67% when the surface is always soaked without water accumulation, a water layer is kept on the surface by 5cm6h, the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds is higher when the suaeda salsa seeds are soaked without water accumulation for 6h and periodically treated with a water layer of 1cm6h, the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds is higher when the suaeda salsa seeds are soaked without water accumulation for 6h and periodically treated, and the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds is not obvious under the other treatment conditions.
When the salt concentration is 1.50%, the surface of the suaeda salsa is kept with a water layer of 1cm6h, and the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds reaches the maximum of 3.33% under the periodical treatment of soaking without water accumulation for 6 hours. The method is characterized in that the suaeda salsa seeds are always soaked in the water-free treatment surface and the water layer 5cm12h is kept on the surface layer, the emergence rate of the suaeda salsa seeds is higher under the periodical treatment of soaking water-free for 12 hours, the germination is obvious, the water layer 5cm is kept on the surface, the water layer 5cm18h is kept under the periodical treatment of 24 hours, the emergence rate of the suaeda salsa seeds is zero under the periodical treatment of soaking water-free for 6 hours, and the suaeda salsa seeds hardly emerge.
When the salt concentration is 2.50%, the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds is the largest when the surface is always soaked without water accumulation treatment, the surface keeps about 1cm of a water layer, the surface keeps 1cm6h of the water layer and the surface keeps periodically treated for 24h, the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds is larger when the surface is soaked without water accumulation for 6h, the suaeda salsa seeds germinate obviously, and the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds under the other treatments is zero and almost no emergence occurs.
3. Results
As can be seen from fig. 3, in the four salt concentration gradients, the suaeda salsa seeds are high in emergence rate and best in germination tendency under the periodic treatment (treatment 6) of soaking the suaeda salsa seeds in the surface without water accumulation treatment (treatment 1) and maintaining the water layer on the surface by 1cm6h all the time; and the surface is kept about 5cm, the surface is kept with 5cm6h of water layer under the periodic treatment for 24h (treatment 2), the surface is kept with 5cm6h of water layer, the soaking is carried out for 18h (treatment 7) of water and the surface is kept with 5cm18h of water layer, the emergence rate of the suaeda glauca seeds under the periodic treatment for 6h (treatment 8) of water soaking is the lowest or even zero, and the 3 treatment conditions are not favorable for the germination and growth of the suaeda glauca seeds.
Variance analysis is carried out on the emergence rates of the suaeda glauca seeds under eight treatments, four concentrations and three repeated tests, and the variance analysis shows that the concentration F is 4.03, the concentration P is 0.01 and is less than or equal to 0.01, the treatment F is 9.42 and the concentration P is 0.000 and is less than 0.01, so that the influence of the salt concentration on the emergence rate of the suaeda glauca seeds reaches an extremely significant level, and the influence of different water layer treatments on the emergence rate of the suaeda glauca seeds reaches an extremely significant level.
From the analysis of variance, it can be seen that F is 4.81 in treatment 1 because F0.05(3,8)＝4.07<F＝4.809<F0.01(3,8)＝7.59，0.01<P<0.05, it can be known that the difference of the rate of emergence of the suaeda glauca seeds among the 4 concentrations reaches a significant level, and multiple comparisons can be performed. Multiple comparisons showed that at the 0.05 level, the rate of emergence was significantly different between suaeda salsa seeds at salt concentrations of 0.50%, 1.50%, 2.50% and 0%. At the level of 0.01, the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds under the salt concentration of 0.50 percent has no significant difference with the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds under the salt concentration of 0 percent, and the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds under the salt concentration of 1.50 percent and 2.50 percent has significant difference with the rate of emergence of the suaeda salsa seeds under the salt concentration of 0 percent.
F13.87 for treatment 3 because F13.87>F0.01(3,8)When the content of the common seepweed herb is 7.59 and the P is less than or equal to 0.01, the difference of the emergence rate of the common seepweed herb seeds among 4 concentrations reaches an extremely remarkable level, and multiple comparisons can be carried out. Multiple comparisons showed that at the 0.05 level, the rate of emergence of suaeda salsa seeds at salt concentrations of 0.50%, 1.50%, and 2.50% was significantly different from the rate of emergence of suaeda salsa seeds at salt concentration of 0%, and at the 0.01 level, the rate of emergence of suaeda salsa seeds at salt concentrations of 0.50%, 1.50%, and 2.50% was significantly different from the rate of emergence of suaeda salsa seeds at salt concentration of 0%.
Treatment 6F 1.08, since F1.08<F0.05(3,8)＝4.07，P>0.05, it was found that the difference in the rate of emergence of suaeda glauca seeds among the 4 concentrations was not significant.
B. Test of influence of different flooding depths on growth of suaeda salsa
1. Design of experiments
Solutions with salt concentration of 0%, 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5% are respectively placed in the four water tanks, the content of the solution in each pot is 5000ml, and the cultivation soil is immersed by water with the above concentration. Mixing the screened fine soil and nutrient soil in a proportion of 1: 1, mixing in proportion, filling into germination bowls, compacting, forming a group by every 3 small bowls, planting 5-6 suaeda salsa plants in each small bowl, placing 8 groups of germination bowls (3 in each group) in each water tank, respectively treating 1-8 (respectively treating 1: always flooding, 1cm over seedling height, 2: flooding, 1cm over seedling height, 12h flooding, 12h wetting, and performing periodic management, treating 3: always flooding, 5cm over seedling height, 4: flooding, 5cm over flooding, 6h wetting, performing periodic management, treating 5: flooding, 5cm over flooding, 12h flooding, wetting 12h, performing periodic management, treating 6: always flooding but not flooding seedlings, treating 7: flooding but not flooding seedlings, 12h flooding, wetting 12h, performing periodic management, and performing periodic management, treating 8: not flooding but only wetting the substrate), by directly controlling the position of the small pot and setting the implementation treatment method, the height of the solution in each water tank needs to be marked in time so as to be added in time, and the concentration in the tank is ensured to meet the treatment requirement. In the test process, the plant height of the fixed-point plants is measured once every 2 days, and the number of dead seedlings is recorded.
2. Analysis of results
Analysis of Suaeda salsa plant mortality results under different salt concentrations in same water layer
As can be seen from Table 2, the results of the treatments show that the mortality of the seedlings of the Suaeda salsa plants is 100% under the conditions of constant flooding and treatment (treatment 1) which exceeds the height of the seedlings by 1cm and under the set four salt concentration gradients.
Under the conditions of flooding, the height of the seedling is 1cm higher, flooding is 12h, and wetting is carried out for 12h (treatment 2), and under the set four salt concentration gradients, the death rate of the seedling of the suaeda glauca plant is 100%.
Under the condition of constant water flooding and treatment (treatment 3) of 5cm higher than the seedlings, and the set four salt concentration gradients, the death rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is 100 percent.
Under the periodical treatment (treatment 4) of flooding, the height of the flooded seedlings is 5cm, the flooding time is 6h, and the humidity is 6h, the mortality rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is increased along with the increase of the salt concentration, the mortality rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is the lowest when the salt concentration is 0%, the suaeda salsa plants almost do not die, and on the contrary, the mortality rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is the highest when the salt concentration is 2.50%, and is 66.6%.
Under the conditions of flooding, the height of the flooded seedlings exceeds 5cm, flooding for 12h and wetting for 12h, and periodic treatment (treatment 5), the mortality rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is 100% under the set four salt concentration gradients.
Under the flooding but not flooding treatment (treatment 6), the mortality rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is the lowest when the salt concentration is 0.50% and 1.50%, and the mortality rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is the highest 75% when the salt concentration is 0%.
Under the periodic treatment (treatment 7) of flooding but not flooding, flooding for 12h and wetting for 12h, the death rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is the lowest when the salt concentration is 0.50%, and the death rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants becomes higher as the salt concentration is increased after the salt concentration is 0.50%.
Under the condition of only wetting the substrate without flooding (treatment 8), when the salt concentration is 0.50%, the death rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is lowest, and the plants without the suaeda salsa plants die.
2 analysis of mortality results of Suaeda salsa plants treated with different water layers of the same salt concentration
Table 2 summary of seedling mortality of suaeda salsa plants at different depths of flooding (%)
When the salt concentration is 0%, flooding, the flooding is 5cm higher than the seedlings, the mortality rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants under the periodical treatment of flooding for 6h is the lowest, under the treatment condition, almost no seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants die, but under the treatment of always flooding, the flooding is 1cm higher than the seedlings, the seedlings are 12h flooded, under the treatment of wetting 12h, always flooding, under the treatment of exceeding 5cm higher than the seedlings and flooding, the flooding is 5cm higher than the seedlings, the flooding is 12h, and under the treatment of wetting 12h, the mortality rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is 100%, and under the four treatment conditions, almost no seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants survive.
When the salt concentration is 0.50%, the mortality rate of the suaeda salsa plant seedlings is kept to be the lowest under the condition that the suaeda salsa is not flooded and only is treated by a wet matrix, almost no suaeda salsa plant seedlings die, when the suaeda salsa plant seedlings are flooded all the time, under the condition that the suaeda salsa plant seedlings are flooded, and are 1cm higher than the suaeda salsa plants, the flooding is 1cm higher than the suaeda salsa plants, but the suaeda salsa plant seedlings are flooded for 12 hours, under the condition that the suaeda salsa plant seedlings are wetted for 12 hours, are flooded all 100%, and under the condition that the 4 treatment conditions are adopted, the suaeda salsa plant seedlings survive.
When the salt concentration is 1.50%, flooding is always performed but not on seedlings, the mortality rate of the suaeda salsa plants under the treatment is lowest, flooding is always performed, the seeds are flooded under the treatment condition that the salt concentration exceeds the height of the seedlings by 1cm, the seeds are flooded for 12 hours, the seeds are flooded under the treatment condition that the salt concentration exceeds the height of the seedlings by 5cm, the seeds are flooded for 12 hours, the mortality rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants under the wet treatment condition is 100%, and the seedlings of the suaeda salsa-free plants survive under the 4 treatment conditions.
When the salt concentration is 2.50%, the mortality rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants under the treatment of only the wet matrix without flooding is 25%, under the treatment of always flooding by more than 1cm higher than the seedlings, flooding by 12h, under the treatment of wetting by 12h, always flooding by more than 5cm higher than the seedlings and flooding, flooding by more than 5cm higher than the seedlings, flooding by 12h, and wetting by 12h, the mortality rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is 100%, and under the 4 treatment conditions, the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants survive.
3. Results
In the four salt concentration gradients, the seedlings are always flooded, the seedlings are flooded under the condition of treatment (treatment 1) and the treatment exceeding the height of the seedlings by 1cm, the seedlings are flooded for 12 hours, the seedlings are flooded under the condition of treatment (treatment 2) and the treatment all the time by 12 hours in a wet state, the seedlings are flooded under the condition (treatment 3) and the treatment exceeding the height of the seedlings by 5cm, the flooding exceeds the height of the seedlings by 12 hours, the mortality of the seedlings of the suaeda glauca plants is 100% under the condition of treatment (treatment 5) in the wet state, and the growth condition of the seedlings of the suaeda glauca plants is poor under the 4 treatment conditions. When the salt concentration is 0%, the flooding is 5cm higher than the seedlings, the flooding is 6 hours, and the treatment is carried out for 6 hours after the flooding is carried out (treatment 4), the death rate of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is 0, and the growth condition of the suaeda salsa plants is good; similarly, when the salt concentration was 0.50%, the mortality of the seedlings of Suaeda salsa plants was 0 and the Suaeda salsa plants grew well under the condition of only wetting the substrate without flooding (treatment 8).
The mortality of Suaeda salsa plants under eight treatments, four concentrations and three repeated tests is subjected to anova, and the analysis of variance can show that the influence of the salt concentration on the mortality of the Suaeda salsa plants reaches a remarkable level, and the influence of different water layer treatments on the mortality of the Suaeda salsa plants reaches a very remarkable level, wherein the F & lt3.33 & gt, the P & lt0.023 & lt 0.05 & gt, the F & lt 158.80 & gt and the P & lt0.000 & lt 0.01 & gt are obtained.
Process 4F is 12.91 because F is 12.91>F0.01(3，8)＝7.59，P<0.01, the difference of the mortality rate of the suaeda salsa plants among the 4 concentrations reaches a very significant level, and multiple comparisons can be carried out. Multiple comparisons showed significant differences between the mortality rates for suaeda salsa plants at 0.05 level and 0.50%, 1.50%, 2.50% and 0% at 0.01 level, and between the mortality rates for suaeda salsa plants at 0.50%, 1.50%, 2.50% and 0% at 0.05 level.
F7.24 at treatment 6 because F0.05(3,8)＝4.07<F＝7.24<F0.01(3,8)＝7.59，0.01<P is less than or equal to 0.05, and the difference of the mortality rate of the suaeda glauca plants among 4 concentrations reaches a significant level, so that multiple comparisons can be carried out. Multiple comparisons showed significant differences between the mortality rates for suaeda salsa plants at 0.05 level and 0.50%, 1.50%, 2.50% and 0% at 0.01 level, and between the mortality rates for suaeda salsa plants at 0.50%, 1.50%, 2.50% and 0% at 0.05 level.
F is 5.81 at treatment 7 because F0.05(3,8)＝4.07<F＝5.81<F0.01(3,8)＝7.59，0.01<P is less than or equal to 0.05, and the difference of the mortality rate of the suaeda glauca plants among 4 concentrations reaches a significant level, so that multiple comparisons can be carried out. Multiple comparisons showed significant differences between the mortality of Suaeda salsa plants at 0.05 level, at salt concentrations of 0.50%, 1.50%, 2.50%, and at salt concentration of 0%At the 0.01 level, the death rate of the suaeda salsa plant at the salt concentration of 0.50% and the death rate of the suaeda salsa plant at the salt concentration of 0% have no significant difference, and the death rate of the suaeda salsa plant at the salt concentration of 1.50% and the death rate of the suaeda salsa plant at the salt concentration of 2.50% have significant difference with the death rate of the suaeda salsa plant at the salt concentration of 0%.
F19.51 at treatment 8 because F19.51>F0.01(3，8)＝7.59，P<0.01, the difference of the mortality rate of the suaeda salsa plants among the 4 concentrations reaches a very significant level, and multiple comparisons can be carried out. Multiple comparisons showed significant differences between the mortality rates for suaeda salsa plants at 0.05 level and 0.50%, 1.50%, 2.50% and 0% at 0.01 level, and between the mortality rates for suaeda salsa plants at 0.50%, 1.50%, 2.50% and 0% at 0.05 level.
4. Result processing analysis of Suaeda glauca plant growth height
TABLE 3 Suaeda salsa plant seedling growth height (cm) at different flooding depths
(1) And under periodical treatment of flooding, the height of the flooded seedlings is 5cm, the flooded seedlings are 6 hours, and the plant of the suaeda salsa is highest in growth height and ideal in growth height when the salt concentration is 0% and is lowest in growth height and most ideal when the salt concentration is 0.5%. And simultaneously, under the treatment condition of flooding, wherein the flooding exceeds the height of the seedlings by 5cm, the flooding is carried out for 6 hours, the growth height condition of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is better when the seedlings are wetted for 6 hours than when the seedlings are flooded for 12 hours, and the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants are wetted for 12 hours.
(2) Flooding for 12 hours, and under the condition of carrying out periodic treatment for 12 hours in a wet state, the growth height of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants is the highest and the growth height is the most ideal under the treatment of flooding but not flooding the seedlings; flooding, wherein the growth height of the seedlings of the suaeda salsa plants treated by flooding exceeding the height of the seedlings by 5cm is the lowest, and the growth height is the least ideal; and (4) flooding, wherein the growth height of the suaeda salsa plants is relatively moderate when the flooding exceeds 1cm of the height of the seedlings.
(3) Under the periodic treatment for 24 hours, the seedling growth height of the suaeda salsa plant is the highest under the treatment of only the wet substrate without flooding, the growth is the most ideal, the seedling growth height of the suaeda salsa plant under the treatment of flooding exceeding the seedling height by 1cm is the lowest, the growth is the least ideal, the seedling growth height of the suaeda salsa plant under the treatment of flooding but not flooding is higher, and the growth height condition is also very ideal.
A large number of experimental results show that under the flooding experimental condition, after all salt concentration treatments, particularly under the low salt concentration treatment condition, the suaeda salsa growing in the saline-alkali soil can generate a large number of adventitious roots, however, no matter which salt concentration treatment the suaeda salsa growing in the intertidal zone is subjected to, the adventitious roots can not generate adventitious roots, but the adventitious roots are the key of the suaeda salsa for utilizing soil nutrients, and the sufficient absorption of the soil nutrients is favorable for the suaeda salsa to adapt to the flooding environment for a long time. In addition, the higher the water depth is, the lower the salt content of the soil is, different water-salt interactions are easy to form under natural environmental conditions, and the ecological characteristics and community structure of the suaeda salsa are changed accordingly.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the growth height of Suaeda glauca plants at different flooding depths provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5(a) demonstrates the tidal live of an exemplary growing area; FIG. 5(b) is a schematic view of laying a first insect net after the ebb area of the exemplary planting area; FIG. 5(c) is a second chart of laying insect-proof nets after the demoistening of the exemplary planting area.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and the appended claims are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and improvements that are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The planting method of the suaeda salsa on the beach is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, planting an area, selecting areas suitable for planting in a medium tide area and a high tide area of an intertidal zone, and constructing a wave-resisting zone;
step two, seeding, namely selecting temperature, seeding quantity and seeding time;
managing after sowing, and covering a net, draining water and preventing flooding;
in the second step of seeding time selection, uniformly sowing seeds when the tide surface can be exposed continuously for more than 3 days in the transition day from the subsequent tide to the tide in the first day and the second day of the lunar calendar on a sunny day after the tide in the first day and the second day is over; sowing is started in a high-tide area after heavy tide, and before sowing, the suaeda salsa seeds are soaked for 1d by dilute acid or soaked for 24h by seawater;
in the step of managing after the third broadcast, the method for covering the network comprises the following steps: after sowing, covering the seeds with a net before the first time of moisture entering, wherein the cover is an insect-proof net, a water-permeable non-woven fabric or a wire net below 40 meshes; the periphery of the covering is pressed by soil blocks;
in the step of managing after the third broadcast, the method for draining water and preventing flooding comprises the following steps: in the process of germination and later growth, after the tide is removed each time, ditching and draining the field flooding area in time to expose the seeds or the middle upper parts of the seedlings out of the water surface.
2. The method for planting suaeda salsa on coastal mudflat of claim 1, wherein the first step specifically comprises:
(1) selecting areas suitable for planting in the middle tide area and the high tide area of the intertidal zone;
(2) building a wave-resisting belt in the direction of the tide water, building a dam in the offshore direction of the planting area, or planting reeds, high-stalk straws and moso bamboo poles in the direction of the tide water in the planting area.
3. The method for planting suaeda salsa on the coastal mudflat of claim 1, wherein in the second temperature selection step, the seeds are sown at the local temperature higher than 15 ℃.
4. The method for planting suaeda salsa on coastal mudflats of claim 1, wherein in the step two, the seeding rate is determined, and 2-3kg of glume seeds are used per mu.
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